@Research Paper <#LINE#>Comparative study and determination of transformation parameters between: the permanent station system, the datum (58) and the Benin geodetic system<#LINE#>Degbegnon@Leopold ,Aïzo@Pedro <#LINE#>1-8<#LINE#>1.ISCA-RJRS-2018-067.pdf<#LINE#>Engineer in Geodesy, Department of Civil Engineering of the Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, Benin@Geometry Engineer, Research Master in Geomatics and Environment, University of Abomey Calavi, Benin<#LINE#>9/10/2018<#LINE#>10/5/2019<#LINE#>Topographic work in BENIN has been carried out in three different systems. The first works that were carried out before 1980 are in the Datum system (58), the second ones that were developed in the mid-90s are in the Geodetic System of Benin (SGB) and the last ones that date from 2010 are calibrated in the called Permanent Stations System (RSPB). The problem for geomatics players is to find a bridge to bring back the old works in the last system, since the system of permanent stations will now be the only system of our works according to the decree N ° 0068 / MUHRFLEC / DC / SGM / lGN / DGURF / SA of 28 December 2009. Indeed, two alternatives arise: The resumption of observations on the ground for all the old works, which is very tedious and expensive when it is possible. This alternative is only possible if the physical terminals or points actually exist, this is not the case for the first BENIN cards for which the terminals were destroyed. The second is the elaboration from the very precise GNSS observations on the entire national territory of the calculation of the transformation parameters from the BURSA - WOLF formula. We directed our research on the determination of these parameters after observing a total of 18 first-order geodesic terminals in the system of permanent stations whose coordinates were known in the Datum 58 system and the BENIN Geodetic Network. The calculation of the parameters for each system made it possible to verify the quality of our work by calculating the coordinates of certain terminals from the seven (07) parameters. The transformed coordinates were compared with those obtained by observations. An Excel application has been developed for ease of use. We have come to the conclusion, that the research must continue, to reach centimeter precision, but the results obtained are satisfactory to solve the problem of land insecurity due to a pluralism of system, because now instead of a gap of 170m between different systems, we have reached a precision of less than 1m.<#LINE#>Eissa L. (2011).@Use of astrogeodetic and spatial geodesy methods for studies of deformation of the Earth@Research Laboratory in Geodesy / National School of Geographical Sciences (LAREG / ENSG), Ph.D. Thesis, 196.@No$Durand S. (2003).@Improvement of the accuracy of the real-time differential localization by phase measurement of GNSS systems.@Research Laboratory in Geodesy, PhD Thesis, 249.@No$Nathalie D. (1984).@Contribution of space techniques to the knowledge of surface currents; application to the Antarctic Ocean.@University of Western Brittany, PhD Thesis, 120.@No$Ministry of Urbanism (2009).@Order fixing the standards and technical specifications applicable to topographic and cartographic work in the Republic of Benin.@19.@No$Andres L. (2003).@Transformation in the RGF93 system of the geographical database of the city of Nice.@10.@No$Altamimi Z. (2006).@Terrestrial reference systems: definition, realization, application to the ITRF, current state and perspectives.@Pierre and Marie-Curie University, 71.@No$Pierre B. (2009).@Introduction to Geodesy and Geo-positioning by Satellites (GPS).@Course Material, 40.@No$Abdelmajid B.H.S. (2011).@The BURSA-WORLF model.@6. http://vixra.org/pdf/1512.0478v1.pdf (Accessed 2017-02-15).@No$Lannuzel S. (2000).@Geodetic and Coordinate References.@EPSHOM Geodesy and Geophysics Center, 56.@No$Abdelmajid B.H.S. (1995).@Elements of Geodesy and Least Squares Theory.@391.@No$Jozeau M.F. (1997).@Geodesy in the nineteenth century: From French hegemony to German hegemony.@Belgian look; Compensation and Least Squares, \"HAL\" Open Archives, 646. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01252747/document (Accessed 2017-02-15)@Yes <#LINE#>Dry deposition of heavy metals associated with free fall atmospheric dust and its characterization in an industrial city Kota (India) under Meteorological Influence<#LINE#>Singh@Meena Bharat ,Manju@Meena ,Uttra@Chandrawat ,Rani@Ashu <#LINE#>9-19<#LINE#>2.ISCA-RJRS-2018-074.pdf<#LINE#>Deptt. of Chemistry, Govt. College, Kota-324001, Rajasthan, India@Deptt. of Chemistry, Govt. College, Kota-324001, Rajasthan, India@Deptt. of Chemistry, Govt. College, Kota-324001, Rajasthan, India@Deptt. of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Uni. of Kota, Kota-324005, Rajasthan, India<#LINE#>20/11/2018<#LINE#>25/5/2019<#LINE#>Free fall atmospheric dust samples have been collected during months of winter and summer in the period starting from February, 2011 to January, 2013 in Kota City, Rajasthan, India. The analytical results show that heavy metals occurrence in free fall atmospheric dust is found to be highest in fractions strongly bound to organic matter followed by weakly bound (exchangeable, carbonate bound). On the basis of the results of the elemental composition and morphology through scanning electron microscope (SEM) and widely dispersive X-ray florescence (WD-XRF), particles have been categorised into two groups: crustal and anthropogenic particles indicating the influence of fly ash emitted from Kota Super Thermal Power Plant (KSTPS) and other industrial activities. Simultaneously meteorological parameters were monitored to evaluate the influence of temperature, relative humidity and wind velocity. Mean concentrations of anthropogenic origin metals such as Cu, Cd, Zn and Pb are observed more at low temperature, high relative humidity and low wind velocity and lower at high temperature, low relative humidity and high wind velocity. On the contrary, crustal origin metals (Fe, Ca and Mg) are found to have a reverse trend under these meteorological conditions. Results of deposition flux (Fd) showed an approximately exponential decay with distance from point source Kota Super Thermal Power Plant (KSTPS).<#LINE#>Singh A.K., Srivastava M.K., Singh M., Srivastava A., Kumar S., Tiwari S., Singh B.P., Bisht D.S. and Tiwari S. (2014).@Characterisation of Atmospheric Aerosol by SEM-EDX and Ion-Chromatography Techniques for Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plain Location, Varanasi, India.@International Journal of Advances in Earth Sciences, 3(2), 41-51.@Yes$Mohammed M.P.and Namuduri S. (2013).@Trace Elemental Composition in the Atmospheric Aerosols of Kakinada City, India. Sustain.@Environment Research, 23(5), 315-324.@Yes$Zanobetti A., Schwartz J. and Dockery D.W. (2000).@Airborne Particles are a Risk Factor for Hospital Admissions for Heart and Lung Disease.@Environmental Health Perspectives, 108(11), 1071-1077.@Yes$Limbach L.K., Li Y., Grass R.N., Brunner T.J., Hintermann M.A., Muller M., Gunther D. And Stark W.J. (2005).@Oxide Nano-Particle Uptake in Human Lung Fibroblasts: Effects of Particle Size, Agglomeration, and Diffusion at Low Concentrations.@Environmental Science and Technology, 39 (23), 9370-9376.@Yes$Feng X.D., Dang Z., Huang W.L. and Yang C. (2009).@Chemical speciation of fine particle bound trace metals.@International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 6(3), 337-346.@Yes$Paoletti L., De Berardis B. and Diociaiuti M. (2002).@Physico-chemical characterisation of the inhalable particulate matter (PM10) in an urban area: an analysis of the seasonal trend.@Science of the Total Environment, 292(3), 265-275.@Yes$Laskin A., Cowin J.P. and Iedema M.J. (2006).@Analysis of Individual Environmental Particles Using Modern Methods of Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Microanalysis.@Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena, 150(2-3), 260-274.@Yes$Baulig A., Poirault J.J., Ausset P., Schins R., Shi T., Baralle D., Dorlhene P., Meyer M., Lefevre R., Baeza-Squiban A. and Marano F. (2004).@Physicochemical Characteristics and Biological Activities of Seasonal Atmospheric Particulate Matter Sampling in Two Locations of Paris.@Environmental Science and Technology, 38(22), 5985-5992.@Yes$Limbach L.K., Li Y., Grass R.N., Brunner T.J., Hintermann M.A., Muller M., Gunther D. and Stark W.J. (2005).@Oxide Nano-Particle Uptake in Human Lung Fibroblasts: Effects of Particle Size, Agglomeration, and Diffusion at Low Concentrations.@Environmental Science and Technology, 39 (23), 9370-9376.@Yes$Ragosta M., Caggiano R.D., Emilio M. and Macchiato M. (2002).@Source Origin and Parameters Influencing Levels of Heavy Metals in TSP, in an Industrial Background Area of Southern Italy.@Atmospheric Environment, 36(19), 3071-3087.@Yes$Adamson I.Y.R., Prieditis H., Hedgecock C. and Vincent R. (2000).@Zinc is the Toxic Factor in the Lung Response to an Atmospheric Particulate Sample.@Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 166 (2), 111-119.@Yes$Sun G.B., Crissman K., Norwood J., Richards J., Slade R. and Hatch G.E. (2001).@Oxidative Interactions of Synthetic Lung Epithelial Lining Fluid with Metal-Containing Particulate Matter.@American Journal of Physiology- Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, 281(4), L807-L815.@Yes$ASTM (1996).@Standard Guide for Choosing Locations and Sampling Methods to Monitor Atmospheric Deposition at Non - Urban Locations: D 5111.@West Conshohocken, PA.@No$Yadav S. and Rajamani V. (2006).@Air Quality and Trace Metal Chemistry of Different Size Fractions of Aerosols in N-NW India- Implications for Source Diversity.@Atmospheric environment, 40, 698- 712.@Yes$Loring D.H. (1978).@Geochemistry of Zinc, Copper and Lead in the Sediments of the Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence.@Canadian Journal of Earth Science, 15(5), 757-772.@Yes$Rashed M.N. (2008).@Total and Extractable Heavy Metals in Indoor, Outdoor and Street Dust from Aswan City, Egypt.@Clean journal, 36(10-11), 850-857.@Yes$Samontha A., Waiyawat W., Shiowatana J. and Mc-Laren R.G. (2007).@Atmospheric Deposition of Metals Associated With Air Particulate Matter: Fractionation of Particulate-Bound Metals Using Continuous-Flow Sequential Extraction.@Science Asia, 33, 421-428.@Yes$Banerjee D. (2008).@Study of Precipitation Chemistry over an Industrial City.@International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 5(3), 331-338.@Yes$Krolak E. (2000).@Heavy Metals in Falling Dust in Eastern Mazowieckie Province.@Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 9(6), 517-522.@Yes$Banerjee A.D.K. (2003).@Heavy Metal Levels and Solid Phase Speciation in Street Dusts of Delhi, India.@Environment Pollution, 123(1), 95-105.@Yes$Fang G.C., Wu Y.S., Huang S.H. and Rau J.Y. (2005).@Review of Atmospheric Metallic Elements in Asia during 2000-2004.@Atmospheric Environment, 39(17), 3003-3013.@Yes$Wang X., Sato T., Xing B., Tamamura S. and Tao S. (2005).@Source Identification, Size Distribution and Indicator Screening of Airborne Trace Metals in Kanazawa, Japan.@Journal of Aerosol Science, 36, 197-210.@Yes$Kulshrestha A., Satsangi G., Masih J. and Taneja A. (2009).@Metal Concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 Particles and Seasonal Variations in Urban and Rural Environment of Agra, India.@Sci. Total Environ., 407, 6196-6204.@Yes$Abu-Allaban M., Gillies J.A., Gertler A.W., Clayton R. and Proffitt D. (2003).@Tailpipe, Resuspended Road Dust, and Brake-Wear Emission Factors from On-Road Vehicles.@Atmospheric Environment, 37 (37), 5283-5293.@Yes$Sharma R.K., Agrawal M. and Marshall F.M. (2008).@Atmospheric Deposition of Heavy Metals (Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) in Varanasi City, India.@Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 142(1-3), 269-278.@Yes <#LINE#>Estimation of soil electrical resistivity using MLP, RBF, ANFIS and SVM approaches<#LINE#>Djandja@Sangué Oraléou ,Salami@AdekunléAkim ,Apaloo-Bara@Kpomonè Komla ,Bedja@Koffi-Sa <#LINE#>20-30<#LINE#>3.ISCA-RJRS-2019-007.pdf<#LINE#>Electrical Engineering Departement, Ecole Nationale Supérieure d´Ingénieurs (ENSI), University of Lome, Togo@Electrical Engineering Departement, Ecole Nationale Supérieure d´Ingénieurs (ENSI), University of Lome, Togo and LAboratoirede Recherche en Sciences de l´Ingénieur (LARSI), Ecole Nationale Supérieure d´Ingénieurs (ENSI), University of Lome, Togo@Electrical Engineering Departement, Ecole Nationale Supérieure d´Ingénieurs (ENSI), University of Lome, Togo and LAboratoirede Recherche en Sciences de l´Ingénieur (LARSI), Ecole Nationale Supérieure d´Ingénieurs (ENSI), University of Lome, Togo@Electrical Engineering Departement, Ecole Nationale Supérieure d´Ingénieurs (ENSI), University of Lome, Togo and LAboratoirede Recherche en Sciences de l´Ingénieur (LARSI), Ecole Nationale Supérieure d´Ingénieurs (ENSI), University of Lome, Togo<#LINE#>8/2/2019<#LINE#>22/8/2019<#LINE#>The knowledge of soil electrical resistivity proves essential for a better earthing in order to ensure the protection of telecommunications and electrical energy networks. This study aims to estimate the value of the electrical resistivity of a site\'s soil from soil humidity and ambient temperature. The data used were measured at sites in the city of Lomé and its surroundings. We developed models using Artificial Neural Network (precisely Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) and Radial Basis Function (RBF)), Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS)and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The MAPE (Mean Absolute Percentage Error) errors obtained are 0.0011761% for the MLP model, 0.0719309% for the RBF model, 0.00105% for the ANFIS model and 2.89466% for the SVM model. We can say that the results are satisfactory for all models but the ANFIS model is better, given these performances compared to other models. The latter is then retained for the prediction of soil electrical resistivity.<#LINE#>Choi J.H. and Lee B.H. (2012).@An analysis of conventional grounding impedance based on the impulsive current distribution of a horizontal electrode.@Electric Power Systems Research, 85, 30-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2011.07.005@Yes$Rashad Mohammedeen Kamel, Aymen Chaouachi and Ken Nagasaka (2011).@Comparison the Performances of Three Earthing Systems for Micro-Grid Protection during the Grid Connected Mode.@Smart Grid and Renewable Energy, 2(3). http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/sgre.2011.23024@Yes$Androvitsaneas V.P., Gonos I.F. and Stathopulos I.A. (2014).@Artificial neural network methodology for the estimation of ground enhancing compounds resistance.@IET Science, Measurement & Technology, 8(6), 552-570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-smt.2013.0292@Yes$Lee J.P., Ji P.S., Lim J.Y., Kim S.S., Ozdemir A. and Singh C. (2005).@Earth parameter and equivalent resistivity estimation using ANN.@In IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2597-2602. IEEE. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PES.2005.1489485@Yes$Anbazhagan S. (2015).@Athens Seasonal Variation of Grounding Prediction Using Neural Networks.@ICTACT Journal On Soft Computing, 06(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.21917/ijsc.2015.0154@Yes$Asimakopoulou F.E., Tsekouras G.J., Gonos I.F., Moronis A.X. and Stathopulos I.A. (2010).@An artificial neural network for estimating the ground resistance.@In International Conference on Grounding and Earthing & 4th International Conference on Lightning Physics and Effects.@Yes$Afa J.T. and Anaele C.M. (2010).@Seasonal variation of soil resistivity and soil temperature in Bayelsa State.@Am. J. Eng. Appl. Sci, 3(4), 704-709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ ajeassp.2010.704.709@Yes$Marcin Grabarczyk and Piotr Furmanski (2013).@Predicting the effective thermal conductivity of dry granular media using artificial neural networks.@Journal of Power Technologies, 93(2), 59-66.@Yes$Mehdaoui A., Chaker A., Zerikat M. and Messikh L. (2009).@Development of two neuro-fuzzy models for thecontinuation of the MPPT of the photovoltaic modules UDTS-50 Application to the Adrar site.@Revue des Energies Renouvelables, 12(2), 257-268.@No$Zaki Abda, Mohamed Chittih and Bilel Zerouali (2015).@Modeling extreme flows by artificial neural networks and neuro-fuzzy inference systems (application to Algiers coastal basins).@International Conference on African Large Basin Hydrology River Hammamet, Tunisia, 26-30th October.@No$Mohammadi K., Shamshirband S., Tong C.W., Alam K.A. and Petković D. (2015).@Potential of adaptive neuro-fuzzy system for prediction of daily global solar radiation by day of the year.@Energy conversion and management, 93, 406-413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2015.01.021@Yes$Schmitt A., Le Blanc B., Corsini M.M., Lafond C. and Bruzek J. (2001).@Artificial neural networks. A promising data processing tool for anthropology.@Bulletins and memoirs of the Anthropology Society of Paris, 13(1-2).@Yes$Warren S. McCulloch and Walter Pitts (1943).@A logical calculus of the ideas immanent in nervous activity.@The bulletin of mathematical biophysics, 5(4), 115-133.@Yes$Gronarz T., Habermehl M. and Kneer R. (2016).@Modeling of particle radiation interaction in solid fuel combustion with artificial neural networks.@Journal of Power Technologies, 96(3), 206-211.@Yes$Roger Jang J. S. and Sun C. T. (1993).@Functional equivalence between radial basis function networks and fuzzy inference systems.@IEEE Trans. on Neural Networks, 4(1), 156-159.@Yes$Alby S. and Shivakumar B.L. (2018).@A prediction model for type 2 diabetes using adaptive neuro-fuzzy interfacesystem.@Biomedical Research, S69-S74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4066/biomedicalresearch.29-17-254@Yes$Corinna Cortes and Vladimir Vapnik (1995).@Support-Vector Networks.@Machine Learning, 20(3), 273-297. John Platt (1998).@Yes$Platt J. (1998).@Sequential minimal optimization: A fast algorithm for training support vector machines.@https://www.microsoft. com/en-us/research/publication/sequential-minimal-optimization-a-fast-algorithm-for-training-support-vector-machines/@Yes$Osuna E., Freund R. and Girosi F. (1997).@Improved Training Algorithm for Support Vector Machines.@Proceedings of the 1997 IEEE Workshop on Neural Network for Signal Processing. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ NNSP.1997.622408@Yes <#LINE#>Using a learning cycle model to improve grade ten students´ conceptions of simple electric circuit<#LINE#>Wangdi@Dumcho ,Tshomo @Sonam ,Dahal@Shankar Lal <#LINE#>31-39<#LINE#>4.ISCA-RJRS-2019-017.pdf<#LINE#>Bajothang Higher Secondary School, Bhutan@Bajothang Higher Secondary School, Bhutan@Bajothang Higher Secondary School, Bhutan<#LINE#>1/4/2019<#LINE#>17/8/2019<#LINE#>The purpose of this study was to improve tenth grade students´ understanding of simple electric circuit using a learning cycle model. A research instrument that composed of fifteen-items multiple choice used by Wainwright24 to explore the persistent misconceptions of electricity was adapted for this study. Since improvement was at the heart of this study, an action research approach was employed for a period of over 8 weeks. Based on the idea of purposeful sampling (N=28), a multi-method approach such as observation techniques, questionnaire and focus group interview were used for the data collection. Using a data triangulation, the findings indicated that the students possessed limited conceptions of simple electric circuit. A majority of the students who revealed to have `no concept´ during the baseline data collection showed an astonishing shift to a category of having `full concept´ after the post-intervention of learning cycle model. A significant affirmative link between the observation and pattern of interview transcripts that were in support of the questionnaire data indicated the positive impact due to the learning cycle model in enhancing students´ understanding of simple electric circuit.<#LINE#>Boethel M. and Dimock K.V. (1999).@Constructing knowledge with technology: A review of the literature.@Southwest Educational Development Laboratory. Available from: http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED431398.pdf.@Yes$McLeod G. (2003).@Learning theory and instructional design.@Learning Matters, 2(3), 35-43.@Yes$Küçüközer H. and Kocakülah S. (2007).@Secondary school students´ misconceptions about simple electric circuits.@Journal of Turkish Science Education, 4(1), 101-115.@Yes$Ates S. (2005).@The effects of learning cycle on college students´ understanding of different aspects in resistive DC circuits.@Electronic Journal of Science Education, 9(4).@Yes$Sencar S., Yilmaz E.E. and Eryilmaz A. (2001).@High school students´ misconceptions about simple electric circuits.@Hacettepe Journal of Education, 21(21), 113-120.@Yes$Gooding J. and Metz B. (2011).@From misconceptions to conceptual change.@The Science Teacher, 78(4), 34.@Yes$National Research Council (1997).@The dynamics of sedimentary basins.@National Academies Press.@No$Andre T. and Ding P. (1991).@Student misconceptions, declarative knowledge, stimulus conditions, and problem solving in basic electricity.@Contemporary Educational Psychology, 16(4), 303-313.@Yes$Kocakulah M.S. and Kural M. (2010).@Investigation of conceptual change about double-slit interference in secondary school physics.@International Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 5(4), 435-460.@Yes$Çepni S. and Keleş E. (2006).@Turkish students´ conceptions about the simple electric circuits.@International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 4(2), 269-291.@Yes$Bull S., Jackson T.J. and Lancaster M.J. (2010).@Students@International Journal of Electrical Engineering Education, 47(3), 307-318.@Yes$Turgut Ü., Gürbüz F. and Turgut G. (2011).@An investigation 10th grade students´ misconceptions about electric current.@Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 1965-1971. DOI:10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.04.036@Yes$Loughran J., Berry A. and Mulhall P. (2012).@Electric Circuits.@In: understanding and developing science teachers´ pedagogical content knowledge, Springer, 159-188. Available from: http://link.springer.com/chapter/ 10.1007/978-94-6091-821-6_8@Yes$Leone M. (2014).@History of physics as a tool to detect the conceptual difficulties experienced by students: the case of simple electric circuits in primary education.@Science and Education, 23(4), 923-953. DOI: 10.1007/s11191-014-9676-z.@Yes$Aboagye G.K. (2009).@Comparison of learning cycle and traditional teaching approaches on students´ understanding of selected concepts in electricity.@Doctorate Thesis. Ghana: University of Cape Coast.@Yes$Maxwell T.W. (2003).@Action research for Bhutan.@Rabsel- the CERD Educational Journal, 3, 1-20.@Yes$Department of Curriculum Research and Development (2011).@Science Curriculum Framework PP-XII.@Ministry of Education: Thimphu.@No$Trivedi R. and Sharma M.P. (2013).@A study of students´ attitude towards physics practical at senior secondary level.@International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 3(8), 1-4.@Yes$Machold D.K. (1992).@Is physics worth teaching?.@Science and Education, 1(3), 301-311.@Yes$Barke H.D., Hazari A. and Yitbarek S. (2009).@Perceptions of Ancient Scientists.@In Misconceptions in Chemistry, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 9-20. Available from: http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/978-3-540-70989-3_2.@Yes$Dega B.G., Kriek J. and Mogese T.F. (2013).@Categorization of alternative conceptions in electricity and magnetism: The case of Ethiopian undergraduate students.@Research in Science Education, 43(5), 1891-1915. DOI: 10.1007/s11165-012-9332-z.@Yes$McDermott Lillian C. (1993).@Guest Comment: How we teach and how students learn-A mismatch?.@295-298.@Yes$Burgoon J.N., Heddle M.L. and Duran E. (2011).@Re-examining the similarities between teacher and student conceptions about physical science.@Journal of Science Teacher Education, 22(2), 101-114.@Yes$Wainwright C.L. (2007).@Toward learning and understanding electricity: Challenging persistent misconceptions.@Available from: http://fg.ed.pacificu.edu/wainwright/Publications/ MisconceptionsArticle.06.pdf.@Yes$Hart C. (2008).@Models in physics, models for physics learning, and why the distinction may matter in the case of electric circuits.@Research in Science Education, 38(5), 529-544. DOI: 10.1007/s11165-007-9060-y.@Yes$Wilson S.M. and Peterson P.L. (2006).@Theories of learning and teaching: What do they mean for educators?.@Washington, DC: National Education Association. Available from: http://beta.nea.org/assets/docs/mf_ltreport.pdf.@Yes$Fuller R.G. (2003).@"Don´t tell me, I´ll find out" Robert Karplus-A science education pioneer.@Journal of Science Education and Technology, 12(4), 359-369.@Yes$Karplus R. and Butts D.P. (1977).@Science teaching and the development of reasoning.@Journal of research in science teaching, 14(2), 169-175.@Yes$Lawson A.E. (2001).@Using the learning cycle to teach biology concepts and reasoning patterns.@Journal of Biological Education, 35(4), 165-169.@Yes$Gaffney M. (2008).@Participatory action research: An overview-what makes it tick?.@Kairaranga, 9, 9-15.@Yes$Kemmis S. (2009).@Action research as a practice based practice.@Educational Action Research, 17(3), 463-474. DOI: 10.1080/09650790903093284.@Yes$Kemmis S. and McTaggart R. (1988).@Communicative Action and the Public Sphere.@@No$McTaggart R. (1994).@Participatory action research: Issues in theory and practice.@Educational Action Research, 2(3), 313-337. DOI: 10.1080/0965079940020302.@Yes$Aboagye G.K., Ossei-Anto T.A. and Johnson E.A. (2011).@Effectiveness of Learning Cycle in Exploring Students´ Preconceptions on Selected Concepts in Direct Current Electricity.@Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 5(1), 11-24.@Yes$Mioković Ž., Ganzberger S. and Radolić V. (2012).@Assessment of the university of Osijek engineering students´ conceptual understanding of electricity and magnetism.@Tehnicki Vjesnik/Technical Gazette, 19(3).@Yes <#LINE#>Corrosion inhibitory effect of ethylamine on zinc in HCl solution<#LINE#>R.T.@Vashi ,Krunal@Desai ,Diksha@Naik <#LINE#>40-46<#LINE#>5.ISCA-RJRS-2019-024.pdf<#LINE#>Chemistry Department, Navyug Science College, Surat, India@Chemistry Department, Navyug Science College, Surat, India@Department of Chemistry, Naranlala College of Professional and Applied Sciences, Navsari, India<#LINE#>30/4/2019<#LINE#>6/8/2019<#LINE#>Corrosion inhibitory action of ethylamine on zinc in HCl acid solution was studied by mass loss, temperature effect and polarization methods. With increase in acid concentrations corrosion rate increases while inhibition efficiency (I.E.) of inhibitor decreases. With increase in temperature corrosion rate increases while I.E. decreases. Inhibition efficiency of ethylamine increases with increase in inhibitor concentrations. Maximum I.E. was found 98.35 % at 20 mM ethylamine in 0.01M HCl. The inhibition effect is discussed in view of ethylamine molecules adsorbed on the metal surface. Polarization study shows that ethylamine behaves as cathodic type inhibitor.<#LINE#>Hackerman N. and Sudbury J.D. (1950).@The effect of amines on the electrode potential of mild steel in tap water and acid solutions.@Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 97(4), 109-116.@Yes$Akpan I.A. and Offiong N.O. (2012).@Effect of ethanolamine and ethylamine on the entropy content of the corrosion of mild steel in tetraoxosulphate (VI) acid solution.@Chemistry and Materials Research, 2(7), 40-47.@Yes$Fouda A.S., El-Desoky A.M., Diab M.A. and Soliman A.H. (2014).@Corrosion protection of carbon steel in hydrochloric acid solutions using heterocyclic compounds.@Int J Adv Res, 2(3), 606-628.@Yes$Abiola O.K. and James A.O. (2010).@The effects of Aloe vera extract on corrosion and kinetics of corrosion process of zinc in HCl solution.@Corrosion Science, 52(2), 661-664.@Yes$Fouda A.S., Rashwan S.M., Darwish M.M.K. and Armana N.M. (2018).@Corrosion Inhibition of Zn in a 0.5 M HCl Solution by Ailanthus Altissima Extract.@Portugaliae Electrochem. Acta,, 36(5), 309-323.@Yes$Vashi R.T., Desai S.A. and Desai Krunal (2019).@Diethanolamine as corrosion inhibitor for zinc in hydrochloric acid.@Int. J. Res. and Analytical Reviews, 6(1), 490-500.@No$Vashi R.T. and Desai K. (2012).@Hexamine as corrosion inhibitor for zinc in hydrochloric acid.@Der Pharma Chemica, 4(5), 2117-2123.@Yes$Fouda A.S., Abdallah M., Atwa S.T. and Salem M.M. (2010).@Tetrahydrocarbazole derivatives as corrosion inhibitors for zinc in HCl solution.@Modern Applied Science, 4(12), 41-55.@Yes$Khulood AL-Saadie, Nadia Abdul Karime and Israa M Al-Mousawi (2007).@Corrosion inhibition of zinc in hydrochloric acid medium using urea inhibitor.@J. of Al-Nahrain University, 10(2), 31-38.@Yes$James A.O. and Akaranta O. (2011).@Inhibition of corrosion of zinc in hydrochloric acid solution by Red Onion skin acetone extract.@Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(1), 31-37.@Yes$Al-Saadie K. (2008).@Corrosion inhibition of zinc in hydrochloric acid medium by thiourea and guanidine.@Iraqi J. of Sci., 49(1), 29-34.@Yes$Saleh Khulood A. and Khalil S. Khalil (2014).@Corrosion inhibition of zinc in hydrochloric acid solution using Ampicillin.@Iraqui J. of Sci., 55(2A), 295-303.@Yes$Gad Allah A.G., Hefny M.M., Salih S.A. and El-Basiouny M.S. (1989).@Corrosion inhibition of zinc in HCl solution by some pyrazole derivatives.@Corrosion, 45(7), 574-578.@Yes$Bruker G.R. and Phipps P.B. (1979).@Aliphatic amines as corrosion inhibitors for zinc in hydrochloric acid.@Corros. Chem., 293.@No$Vashi R.T. and Bhajiwala H.M. (2002).@Ethylamine as corrosion inhibitors for zinc in [HNO3 + HCl] binary mixtrure.@Bull. Electrochem., 18(6), 261-266.@Yes$Vashi R.T. and Naik D. (2006).@Ethylamines as corrosion inhibitor for zinc in phosphoric acid.@Trans. SAEST., 41, 68-73.@No$Zele S.A. and Vashi R.T. (2016).@Inhibition of corrosion of zinc in sulphuric acid by ethylamines.@Int. J. of Chem. Studies, 4(5), 31-38.@Yes$Desai S.A., Vashi R.T. and Champaneri V.A. (2018).@Diethylamine as corrosion inhibitor for zinc in sulfamic acid.@Ayudh, 37, 51.@No$Onuchukwu A.I., Akpan I.A. and Offiong N.O. (2013).@Effects of ethanolamine and ethylamine on the entropy content of the corrosion of galvanised steel in 1mol/l NaCl solution.@Material Science, An Indian J.,, 9(3), 83-90.@Yes$Akpan I.A. and Offiong N.O. (2013).@Effects of ethanolamine and ethylamine on the entropy content of the corrosion of aluminium in 1 mol/l HCl solution.@Physical Chem., An Indian J., 8(3), 87-92.@No$Akpan I.A. and Offiong N.O. (2013).@Effects of ethanolamine and ethylamine on the entropy content of the corrosion of mild steel in 1 mol/L solution.@Physical Chem., An Indian J., 8(3), 112-117.@No$Vashi R.T., Bhajiwala H.M. and Desai S.A. (2009).@Prevention of zinc metal in (HNO3 + H2SO4) binary acid mixture by ethylamines.@Oriental J. Chem., 25(3), 555-560.@Yes$Vashi R.T., Desai S.A. and Desai P.S. (2008).@Ethylamines as corrosion inhibitors for zinc in nitric acid.@Asian J. Chem., 20(6), 4553-4560.@Yes$Keles H. and Akca S. (2019).@The effect of Variamine blue B on brass corrosion in NaCl solutions.@Arabian J. of Chem., 12, 236-248.@Yes$Thomson R.H. (1971).@Naturally Occurring Quinones.@third ed., Academic Press, London, New York, 74.@No$Martinez J.S. and Matikos-Hukovic M. (2003).@A nonlinear kinetic model introduced for the corrosion inhibitive properties of some organic inhibitors.@J. Appl. Electrochem., 33, 1137-1142.@Yes$Khaled K.F. (2003).@The inhibition of benzimidazole derivatives on corrosion of iron in 1 M HCl solutions.@Electrochimica Acta, 48(17), 2493-2503.@Yes$Mu G., Li X. and Liu G. (2005).@Synergistic inhibition between tween 60 and NaCl on the corrosion of cold rolled steel in 0.5 M sulfuric acid.@Corrosion Science, 47(8), 1932-1952.@Yes$Donahue F.M. and Nobe K. (1965).@Theory of organic corrosion inhibitors and linear free energy relationship.@J. Electrochem. Soc., 112, 886-891.@Yes$Ibrahim T., Alayan H. and Al Mowaqet Y. (2012).@The effect of Thyme leaves extract on corrosion of mild steel in HCl.@Progress in Organic Coatings, 75(4), 456-462.@Yes$Prasanna B.M., Praveen B.M., Hebbar N. and Venkatesha T.V. (2015).@Anticorrosion potential of hydralazine for corrosion of mild steel in 1m hydrochloric acid solution.@Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 7(2), 222-243.@Yes$Issa R.M., El-Sonbati A.Z., El-Bindary A.A. and Kera H.M. (2002).@Polymer complexes XXXIV. Potentiometric and thermodynamic studies of monomeric and polymeric complexes containing 2-acrylamidosulphadiazine.@Eur. Polym. J., 38(3), 561-566.@Yes$Ebenso E.E. (2003).@Effect of halide ions on the corrosion inhibition of mild steel in H2SO4 using methyl red, Part-I.@Bull. Electrochem., 19(5), 209-216.@Yes$Ebenso E.E. (2004).@Effect of methyl red and halide ions on the corrosion of aluminum in H2SO4 center dot Part 2.@Bulletin of Electrochemistry, 20(12), 551-559.@Yes$Talati J.D. and Modi R.M. (1986).@Inhibition of corrosion of aluminium-copper alloy in NaOH.@Trans. SAEST, 11, 259.@No$Li W., Zhao X., Liu F. and Hou B. (2008).@Investigation on inhibition behavior of S-triazole-triazole derivatives in acidic solution.@Corrosion Science, 50(11), 3261-3266.@Yes <#LINE#>Lactic acid yield by mono/mixed Lactobacilli starter culture during cassava fermentation: a comparative study<#LINE#>Oyinlola@Kubrat Abiola ,Onilude@Anthony Abiodun <#LINE#>47-53<#LINE#>6.ISCA-RJRS-2019-027.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, KolaDaisi University, Ibadan, Nigeria@Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Nigeria<#LINE#>29/5/2019<#LINE#>2/9/2019<#LINE#>Lactic acid, generally regarded as safe, is important for numerous industrial applications. Projected global increase (15.5%) in demand between 2014-2020 puts expected yield to 1960.1 kilo tons. High production cost hinders large scale application. Although, increase in yield was linked to temperature, fermentation time, and substrate, selection of suitable microbial strains for fermentation is also essential. This study compares lactate yield by utilizing single and mixed Lactobacilli starter cultures. Lactobacillus plantarum F2C, L. plantarum U2A and L. plantarum U2C were used as starter cultures (singly and randomly-combined) to ferment cassava for 72hours. High Performance Liquid Chromatography technique was used to quantify lactic acid. Data were subjected to statistical analysis at 5% level of probability. Fermentation with single and combined cultures had lactate quantities ranging between 4.08mg/mL-5.59mg/mL and 5.50mg/mL-6.91mg/mL respectively. Spontaneously fermented batch had overall least lactic acid (3.98mg/mL) and the highest (6.91g/mL) was produced by consortium of the three starters. Quantities produced were significantly unequal at 5% probability level. Mixed cultures produced more lactic acid than single starter cultures. Furthermore, the spontaneous fermentation produced the least quantity. Therefore, consortium of starter cultures could be employed to improve the yield of lactic acid during fermentation.<#LINE#>Novik G., Meerovskaya O. and Savich V. (2017).@Waste Degradation and Utilization by Lactic Acid Bacteria: Use of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Production of Food Additives, Bioenergy and Biogas, Food Additives.@Desiree Nedra Karunaratne and Geethi Pamunuwa, Intech Open.@Yes$Hesham A.E., Ramzi A.A., Azzam A., Nor Z.O., Abd Malek R., Ong M.L. and Ramlan A. (2015).@Lactic acid applications in pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industries.@Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 7(10), 729-735.@Yes$Bajpai P. (2013).@Biorefinery in the Pulp and Paper Industry.@London, UK: Academic Press.@Yes$Randhawa M.A., Ahmed A. and Akram K. (2012).@Optimization of lactic acid production from cheap raw material: sugarcane molasses.@Pakistan Journal of Botany, 44(1), 333-338.@Yes$Jem J.K., van der Pol J.F. and de Vos S. (2010).@Microbial lactic acid, its polymer poly (lactic acid), and their industrial applications.@Microbiology Monographs, 14, 323-346.@Yes$Taskila S. and Ojamo H. (2013).@The Current Status and Future Expectations in Industrial Production of Lactic Acid by Lactic Acid Bacteria.@Licensee InTech. Finland.@Yes$Wee Y.J., Kim J.N. and Ryu H.W. (2006).@Biotechnological production of lactic acid and its recent applications.@Food Technology and Biotechnology, 44(2), 163-172.@Yes$Maas R.H., Bakker R.R., Jansen M.L., Visser D., De Jong E., Eggink G. and Weusthuis R.A. (2008).@Lactic acid production from lime-treated wheat straw by Bacillus coagulans: neutralization of acid by fed-batch addition of alkaline substrate.@Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 78(5), 751-758.@Yes$Vodnar D.C., Paucean A., Dulf F.V. and Socaciu C. (2010).@HPLC characterization of lactic acid formation and FTIR fingerprint of probiotic bacteria during fermentation processes.@Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici 38, 109-113.@Yes$Lombardi A.M., Bevilacqua A.E. and Califano A.N. (1994).@Variation in organic acids content during ripening of Reggianito cheese in air-tight sealed bags.@Food Chemistry, 51(2), 221-226.@Yes$Lues J.F.R. and Botha W.C. (1998).@Relationships amongst South African processed, young and matured Cheddar cheese pertaining to organic acid content and non-starter population.@Food research international, 31(6-7), 449-457.@Yes$Califano A.N. and Bevilacqua A.E. (1999).@Freezing low moisture Mozzarella cheese: changes in organic acid content.@Food Chemistry, 64(2), 193-198.@Yes$Gouripur G. and Kaliwal B. (2017).@Screening and optimization of β-glucosidase producing newly isolated Lactobacillus plantarum strain LSP-24 from colostrum milk.@Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 11, 89-96.@Yes$Sudhanshu S.B., Ramesh C.R. and Nevijo Z. (2018).@Lactobacillus plantarum with Functional Properties: An Approach to Increase Safety and Shelf-Life of Fermented Foods.@BioMedical Research International, Article ID 9361614, 18. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9361614.@Yes$Baeumner A.J. (2003).@Biosensors for environmental pollutants and food contaminants.@Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 377, 434-445.@Yes$Lee N.K., Jin Han E., Jun Han K. and Paik H.D. (2013).@Antimicrobial Effect of Bacteriocin KU24 Produced by Lactococcus lactis KU24 against Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus.@Journal of food science, 78(3), M465-M469.@Yes$Shukla P., Akshay S. and Ashok S. (2017).@Food additives from an organic chemistry perspective.@MOJ Biorganic and Organic Chemistry, 1(3), 70-79.@Yes$Saelee N. and Sriroth K. (2014).@Optimization of Nutrients in Fermentative Lactic Acid Production Using Oil Palm Trunk Juice as Substrate.@Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology, 5(12), 957-965.@Yes$Abdel-Rahman M.A., Tashiro Y. and Sonomoto K. (2013).@Recent advances in lactic acid production by microbial fermentation processes.@Biotechnology advances, 31(6), 877-902.@Yes$Vodnar D. and Carmen S. (2008).@Comparative analysis of lactic acid produced by apple substrate fermentation, using HPLC and Tecktronik Senzytec Biosensor.@UASVM Bulletin, 65, 444-449.@Yes$Davison B.H. and Stephanopoulos G. (1986).@Effect of pH Oscillations on a Competing Mixed Culture.@Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 28, 1127-1137.@Yes$Bader J., Mast-Gerlach E., Popovic M.K., Bajpai R. and Stahl U. (2010).@Relevance of microbial co-culture fermentations in biotechnology.@Journal of Applied Microbiology, 109(2), 371-387.@Yes$Oyinlola K.A. and Onilude A.A. (2018).@Influence of Lactobacilli starter cultures on the nutritional content and anti-nutritional factors of fermented cassava for usi (edible starch) production in Nigeria.@Journal of Global Biosciences, 7(8), 5513-5521.@Yes$Geiser D.M., Lewis Ivey M.L., Hakiza G., Juba J.H. and Miller S.A. (2005).@Gbberella xylariodes (anamorph: Fusarium xylarioides), a causative agent of coffee wilt disease in Africa, is a previously unrecognized member of the G. fujikuroi species complex.@Mycologia, 97, 191-201.@Yes$Andersson C., Hodge D., Berglund K.A. and Rova U. (2007).@Effect of different carbon sources on the production of succinic acid using metabolically engineered Escherichia coli.@Biotechnology Programme, 23, 381-388.@Yes$Beliaev A.S., Romine M.F., Serres M., Bernstein H.C., Linggi B.E., Markillie L.M. and Pinchuk G.E. (2014).@Inference of interactions in cyanobacterial-heterotrophic co-cultures via transcriptome sequencing.@The ISME Journal, 8, 2243-2255.@Yes$Roble N.D., Ogbonna J.C. and Tanaka H. (2003).@L-Lactic acid production from raw cassava starch in a circulating loop bioreactor with cells immobilized in loofa (Luffa cylindrica).@Biotechnology Letters, 25(13), 1093-1098.@Yes$Ghaffar T., Irshad M., Anwar Z., Aqil T., Zulifqar Z., Tariq A., Kamran M., Ehsan N. And Mehmood S. (2014).@Recent trends in lactic acid biotechnology: A brief review on production to purification.@Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences, 7(2), 222-229.@Yes$Mirdamadi S., Sadeghi H., Sharafi N., Falahpour M., Aziz Mohseni F. and Bakhtiari M.R. (2002).@Comparison of Lactic Acid Isomers Produced by Fungal and Bacterial Strains.@Iranian Biomedical Journal, 6(23), 69-75.@Yes$Ogunbanwo S.T. and Okanlawon B.M. (2009).@Influence of nutrients utilization and cultivation conditions on the production of lactic acid by homolactic fermenters.@Biotecthnology, 8(1), 107-113.@Yes$Fakhravar S., Najafpour G., Heris S.Z., Izadi M. and Fakhravar A. (2012).@Fermentative Lactic Acid from Deproteinized Whey Using Lactobacillus bulgaricus in Batch Culture.@World Applied Sciences Journal, 17(9), 1083-1086.@Yes$Panesar P.S., Kennedy J.F., Knill C.J. and Kosseva M. (2010).@Production of L (+) lactic acid using Lactobacillus casei from whey.@Brazillian arch. Biological Technology, 53(1), 219-226.@Yes$Javanainen P. and Linko Y.Y. (1995).@Lactic acid fermentation on barley flour without additional nutrients.@Biotechnology Technology, 9(8), 543-548.@Yes$Ghosh M.K., Kumar S. and Ghosh U.K. (2015).@Application of Solid State Fermentation Technology in Environmental Cleanup and Lactic Acid Production.@Research Journal of recent Sciences, 4, 65-72.@Yes$Lee K., Kim H. and Park S. (2014).@Amino acid analysis during lactic acid fermentation by single strain cultures of Lactobacilli and mixed culture starter made from them.@African Journal of Biotechnology, 13(28), 2867-2873.@Yes <#LINE#>Assessment of drinking water quality of Kathmandu Municipality Area, Kathmandu, Nepal in pre-monsoon season<#LINE#>Sudarshana@Shakya ,Kumar@Shrestha Prem ,Ram@Pradhananga Achut ,Kaji@Shakya Ramesh ,Mahesh@Shrestha ,Raj@Pant Dipesh ,Kumar@Yadav Pramod ,Gopal@Ghimire Narayan ,Raj@Shakya Pawan <#LINE#>54-62<#LINE#>7.ISCA-RJRS-2019-029.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Botany, Bhaktapur Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Bhaktapur, Nepal@Department of Chemistry, Padma Kanya Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal@Department of Chemistry, Padma Kanya Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal@Department of Zoology, Padma Kanya Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal@Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Padma Kanya Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal@Department of Environment Science, Tri-chandra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvn University, Kathmandu, Nepal@Department of Chemistry, Thakur Ram Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Birgunj, Nepal@Central Department of Geology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal@Department of Chemistry, Padma Kanya Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal<#LINE#>12/5/2019<#LINE#>10/9/2019<#LINE#>This study was conducted with a view to evaluate water quality status of Kathmandu Municipality area in pre-monsoon season. A total of 97 water samples from four different water sources viz., stone spouts, wells, boring and municipal public taps of the municipality area were examined for the purpose. Physico-chemical parameters such as turbidity, electrical conductivity (EC), pH, total hardness, sulphate, chloride, nitrate, ammonia, iron, manganese and arsenic, and total coloform as microbial parameter were determined and analyzed using standard protocols. Results revealed that the range and mean concentrations of the selected parameters were found to vary among the water sources. The results were also compared against the National Drinking Water Quality Standard (NDWQS) of Nepal and WHO guidelines. The pH, sulphate, chloride, nitrate, ammonia, manganese and iron levels of all tested samples were found within NDWQS as well as WHO standards. While 33 (34 %), 3 (3.1%), 16 (16.5%) and 47 (48.5%) of the total samples crossed NDWQS guideline for turbidity, electrical conductivity, ammonia and iron content respectively, 50 (51.6%), 8 (8.3%), 16 (16.5%) and 47 (48.5%) samples exceeded WHO standard respectively for the same parameters. Total hardness of all tested samples revealed their results within NDWQS guideline value but 50 (51.6%) samples crossed WHO standard as per its maximum permissible limit. The microbial analysis showed total coliforms in 82 (84.5%) of the total water samples exceeding both NDWQS and WHO standards. As for the microbial contamination range and risk level, only 15 (15.5%) of the total water samples were found risk free of which 15 (44.1%) samples were contributed from municipal tap water alone. Based on our findings, we conclude that the drinking water quality of Kathmandu Municipality area is not yet satisfactory which may be improved by effective planning and policies, strategies and management practices in terms of safe water supply and environmental sanitation.<#LINE#>Sharma S., Bajracharya R.M., Sitaula B. and Juerg M. (2005).@Water quality in the Central Himalaya.@Current Sci., 89, 774-786.@Yes$Lerda D.E. and Prosperi C.H. (1996).@Water mutagenicity and toxicology in rio tercero (cordoba, argentina).@Water Research, 30(4), 819-824.@Yes$Ikem A., Odueyungbo S. and Egiebor Nyavor N.O.K. (2002).@Chemical Quality of Bottled Waters from Three Cities in Eastern Alabama.@Sci. Total Environ., 285, 165-175.@Yes$World Health Organization (2008).@Guidelines for drinking-water quality: Incorporating the first and second addenda.@Geneva: World Health Organization.@Yes$Udmale P., Ishidaira H., Thapa B. and Shakya N. (2016).@The status of domestic water demand: supply deficit in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal.@Water, 8(5), 196. doi:10.3390/w8050196@Yes$Santosh N., Khatiwada N.R. and Subedi D.R. (2006).@Sustainability of Traditional Water Supply Facilities in Nepal.@13-15.@No$Warner N.R., Levy J., Harpp K. and Farruggia F. (2008).@Drinking water quality in Nepal´s Kathmandu Valley: a survey and assessment of selected controlling site characteristics.@Hydrogeology Journal, 16(2), 321-334.@Yes$National Drinking Water Quality Standard (2005).@Implementation Directives for National Drinking Water Quality Standards, Ministry of Physical Planning and Works, Government of Nepal.@@No$Aryal R.S. (2011).@Ground water reality.@New Spotlight, 4, 19.@Yes$Republica (2019).@Stone water spouts in capital going dry.@http://admin.myrepublica.com/society/story/39331/stone-water-spouts-in-capital-going-dry.html Accessed on 31 March, 2019.@No$APHA, AWWA and WPCF (1995).@Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Waste Water.@9th Edition, American Public Health Association, Washington DC.@No$Trivedy R.K. and Goel P.K. (1984).@Chemical and Biological Methods for Water Pollution Studies.@Environmental Publications, Oriental Printing Press, Aligarh.@Yes$Bajracharya A.M., Yami K.D., Prasai T., Basnyat S.R. and Lekhak B. (2007).@Assessment of drinking water quality of Kathmandu metropolitan areas.@Nepal J. Sci. Tech., 8, 113-118.@Yes$Tamrakar C.S. and Shakya P.R. (2013).@Physico-chemical Assessment of Deep Groundwater Quality of Various Sites of Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal.@Res. J. Chem. Sci., 3, 78-82.@Yes$Tamrakar C.S. (2014).@Evaluation of Physico-chemical Characteristics of Drinking Water Supply in Kathmandu, Nepal.@Res. J. Chem. Sci., 4, 33-36.@No$Maharjan M. (2005).@Groundwater Quality Surveillance in Kathmandu and Lalitpur Municipality Areas-A Joint Study.@Report, JICA and ENPHO, Kathmandu, Nepal.@Yes$Fondriest Environmental (2014).@Conductivity, Salinity and Total Dissolved Solids.@Fundamentals of Environmental Measurements. https://www.fondriest.com/environmental-measurements/parameters/water quality/conductivity-salinity-tds/ Accessed on 15 March, 2019@No$Wetzel R.G. and Limnology W.B. (1975).@Saunders Co.@Philadelphia, USA, 743.@Yes$Hem J.D. (1985).@Study and interpretation of the chemical characteristics of natural water.@U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply.@Yes$Krouse R. and Mayer B. (1999).@Sulfur and oxygen isotopes in sulphate.@In: Cook PG, Herczeg AL, editors. Environmental Tracers in Subsurface Hydrology. Kluwer; Boston, 195-231.@No$Seller L.E. and Canter L.W. (1980).@Sulfates in surface and ground water.@National Center for Ground Water Research; Norman, Oklahoma.@No$EPA (1999).@Health effects from exposure to high levels of sulfate in drinking water study.@U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.@No$Purandara B.K. (2003).@Impact of sewage on groundwater quality-A case study.@Poll Res. Env. media, 22, 189-198.@Yes$Purandara B.K. and Varadarajan N. (2003).@Impacts on Groundwater Quality by Urbanization.@J. Ind. Water Res. Soc., 23(4), 107-115.@Yes$Diwakar J., Yami K.D. and Prasai T. (2008).@Assessment of drinking water of Bhaktapur Municipality area in pre-monsoon season.@Scientific World, 6, 94-98.@Yes$Nolan B.T., Ruddy B.C., Hitt K.J. and Helsel D.R. (1998).@A national look at nitrate contamination of ground water.@Water Conditioning and Purification, 39(12), 76-79.@Yes$National Academy of Sciences (1981).@Committee on Nitrite and Alternative Curing Agents in Food.@The health effects of nitrate, nitrite, and N-nitroso compounds. Washington, D.C. https://www.nap.edu/catalog/19738/the-health-effects-of-nitrate-nitrite-and-n-nitroso-compounds Accessed on 15 March, 2019@No$JICA/ENPHO/MPPW (2005).@Groundwater quality surveillance in Kathmandu and Lalitpur Municipality areas.@JICA expert office at MPPW, Singhdurbar and Environment and Public Health Organization, Kathmandu.@No$NGO FORUM (2006).@Traditional Stone Spouts.@Enumeration, Mapping and water quality (five municipal area of the Kathmandu Valley 2006). NGO FORUM for urban water and sanitation. New Baneshwor, Kathmandu, 6-47.@No$Ammonia (1986).@Geneva, World Health Organization.@Environmental Health Criteria, No. 54.@No$United States. Environmental Protection Ageny. Office of Health, & Environmental Assessment. (1988).@Summary Review of Health Effects Associated with Hydrogen Fluoride and Related Compounds: Health Issue Assessment.@US Environmental Protection Agency.@Yes$Pant B.R. (2011).@Ground water quality in the Kathmandu valley of Nepal.@Environ. Monit. Assess., 178, 477-485. doi: 10.1007/s10661-010-1706-y.@Yes$WATER STEWARDSHIP INFORMATION SERIES (2007).@Iron & Manganese in Groundwater.@https://www.rdn.bc.ca/cms/wpattachments/wpID2284atID3808.pdf, Accessed on 20 March, 2019.@No$SaskH2O (2007).@Iron (For Private Water and Health Regulated Public Water Supplies).@http://www.saskh2o.ca/PDF-WaterCommittee/iron.pdf, Accessed on 15 March, 2019.@No$Mandal B.K. and Suzuki K.T. (2002).@Arsenic round the world: a review.@Talanta., 58, 201-235.@Yes$Pontius F.W., Brown K.G. and Chen C.J. (1994).@Health implications of arsenic in drinking water.@J. Am. Water Work Assoc., 86, 52-63.@Yes$Prasai T., Joshi D.R., Lekhak B. and Baral M.P. (2007).@Microbiological analysis of drinking water of Kathmandu valley.@Scientific World, 5, 112-114.@Yes$Koju N., Prasai T., Shrestha S. and Raut P. (2015).@Drinking Water Quality of Kathmandu Valley.@Nepal J. Sci. Tech., 15, 115-120.@Yes$Rathore J., Jain S., Sharma S., Choudhary V. and Sharma A. (2009).@Ground water Quality Assessment at Pali, Rajasthan India.@J. Environ. Sci. Eng., 51, 269-272.@Yes @Case Study <#LINE#>GIS-based methodology for sustainable spatial planning at site level for hill areas: case study of a University Campus<#LINE#>N.@Kapoor ,M.@Jain ,V.K.@Bansal <#LINE#>63-68<#LINE#>8.ISCA-RJRS-2019-018.pdf<#LINE#>Architecture Department, National Institute of Technology (NIT), Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh-177 005, India@School of Planning and Architecture (SPA), Vijayawada, India@Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology (NIT), Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh-177 005, India<#LINE#>12/11/2018<#LINE#>23/7/2019<#LINE#>Traditional spatial planning at the site level in hill areas was done manually based on the experience of a planner. With the increasing spectrum of spatial complexity in hill areas, the use of Geographic Information Systems(GIS) in spatial planning is increasing nowadays. GIS deal with spatial planning problems in a structured manner by optimizing the planning process. GIS has advanced to a stage where geospatial analysis techniques are mature enough to assist spatial planning decisions for hill areas. GISallows planners to plan, receive real-time feedback, and find probable impacts of the proposed planning decisions. The present study focuses on the development of a GIS-based methodology for sustainable spatial planning at the sitelevel for hill areas of developing countries like India. The developed GIS-based methodology has been executed on one of the proposed university campuses in hill areas.<#LINE#>Philip E. (2007).@Urban planning and development control regulations: Case study Kerala.@Institute of Town Planning India Journal, 4(1), 13-16.@Yes$Sengupta B.K. and Banerji H. (2012).@Issue for Future Urban Development and Reform Agenda in Planning and Regulatory Framework.@Proceedings of 60th National Town and Country Planning Congress. Institute of Town Planners of India (ITPI). New Delhi: 150-158.@No$Geneletti D., La Rosa D., Spyra M. and Cortinovis C. (2017).@A review of approaches and challenges for sustainable planning in urban peripheries.@Landscape and Urban Planning, 165, 231-243.@Yes$Todes A., Karam A., Klug N. and Malaza N. (2010).@Beyond master planning? New approaches to spatial planning in Ekurhuleni, South Africa.@Habitat International, 34, 414-420.@Yes$Ball M. (2012).@GeoDesign provides the third phase of GIS evolution.@Sensors & Systems, October 9, http://www.sensysmag.com/dialog/interviews/28386-geodesign-provides-the-third-phase-of-gis-evolution.html@No$Kapoor M., Kohli K. and Menon M. (2009).@India´s Notified Ecologically Sensitive Areas (ESA): The story so far.@Kalpvriksh, Delhi & WWF- India, New Delhi@Yes$MacDougall E.B. (1975).@The accuracy of map overlays.@Landscape Planning, 2, 23-30.@Yes$Steinitz C., Parker P. and Jordan L. (1976).@Hand drawn overlays: their history and prospective uses.@Landscape Architecture, 66, 444-455.@Yes$Ervin S. (2011).@A system for Geo Design.@Proceedings of Digital Landscape Architecture, 145-154.@Yes$Kalogirou S. (2002).@Expert systems and GIS: an application of land suitability evaluation.@Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 26(2-3), 89-112.@Yes$Miller W., Collins W.M.G., Steiner F.R. and Cook E. (1998).@An approach for greenway suitability analysis.@Landscape and Urban Planning, 42(2-4), 91-105.@Yes$Moreno D. and Seigel M. (1988).@A GIS approach for corridor siting and environmental impact analysis.@GIS/LIS´88. Proceedings from the third annual international conference, San Antonio, Texas 2, 507-514.@Yes$Church R.L. (2002).@Geographical information systems and location science.@Computers and Operations Research, 29(6), 541-562.@Yes$Janssen R. and Rietveld P. (1990).@Multicriteria analysis and geographical information systems: an application to agricultural land use in the Netherlands.@In Geographical information systems for urban and regional planning, Springer, Dordrecht, 129-139.@Yes$Burley J.B. and Brown T.J. (1995).@Constructing interpretable environments from multidimensional data: GIS suitability overlays and principal component analysis.@Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 38(4), 537-550.@Yes$Xiang W.N. (1996).@GIS-based riparian buffer analysis: injecting geographic information into landscape planning.@Landscape and Urban Planning, 34, 1-10.@Yes$Klosterman R.E. (1997).@Planning support systems: a new perspective on computer-aided planning.@Journal of Planning Education and Research, 17(1), 45-54.@Yes$Landis J., Zhang M. and Zook M. (1998).@CUFII: The Second Generation of the California Urban Futures Model.@UC Transportation Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA.@Yes$Hopkins L.D. (1977).@Methods for generating land suitability maps: a comparative evaluation.@Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 43(4), 386-400.@Yes$Long Y., Shen Z. and Mao Q. (2011).@An Urban Containment Planning Support System for Beijing.@Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 35(4), 297-307.@Yes$Carsjens G.J. and Ligtenberg A. (2007).@A GIS-based support tool for sustainable spatial planning in metropolitan areas.@Landscape and urban planning, 80(1-2), 72-83.@Yes$Baz I., Geymen A. and Er. S.N. (2009).@Development and application of GIS-based analysis/synthesis modeling techniques for urban planning of Istanbul Metropolitan Area.@Advances in Engineering Software, 40(2), 128-140.@Yes$Bansal V.K. (2014).@Use of Geographic Information Systems in spatial planning: a case study of an institute campus.@Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, ASCE, 28(4), 05014002-1-12@Yes$Kumar M. and Biswas V. (2013).@Identification of Potential Sites for Urban Development using GIS Multi-Criteria Evaluation Technique.@Journal of Settlements and Spatial Planning, 4(1), 45-51.@Yes$Kumar S. and Bansal V.K. (2016).@GIS-based methodology for safe site selection of a building in a hilly region,@Frontiers of Architectural Research, 5, 39-51.@Yes$NBC (2016).@National Building Code of India.@Published by Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi 110002,@No$IS Code 14243 (Part-2), (1995).@Selection and development of the site for building in hill areas-guidelines.@Bureau of Indian Standards. New Delhi.@No$International Building Code (2009).@International Code Council.@Publications, 4051West Flossmoor Road, Country Club Hills, IL.@No <#LINE#>Seasonal statistical analysis of studied metals in soil profiles in the vicinity of coal based thermal power plant: a case study<#LINE#>Singh@Meena Bharat ,Manju@Meena ,Uttra @Chandrawat ,Rani@Ashu <#LINE#>69-78<#LINE#>9.ISCA-RJRS-2019-032.pdf<#LINE#>Deptt. of Chemistry, Govt. College, Kota-324001, Rajasthan, India@Deptt. of Chemistry, Govt. College, Kota-324001, Rajasthan, India@Deptt. of Chemistry, Govt. College, Kota-324001, Rajasthan, India@Deptt. of Pure & Applied Chemistry, Uni. of Kota, Kota-324005, Rajasthan, India<#LINE#>17/7/2019<#LINE#>15/9/2019<#LINE#>A case study was performed by assessing metal pollution within alkaline soil to evaluate their potential sources in Kota city, India. A total of 900 samples in requisite amount of soil are collected depth wise at various sampling sites in the study area during winter, rainy and summer seasons of 2011-12. Seasonal variation, in the deposition patterns of selected metals down soil profiles, controlled by meteorological parameters has been observed. Anthropogenic metal concentrations are observed to be greater in winter and less in summer. Due to washout phenomenon of upper layer of soil, the concentrations level of crustal and anthropogenic metals deposited on top soil decreases drastically in rainy season. The elevated level of metals at top soil characterized with lower pH is explained by their increased mobility which decreases on going down the soil profile due to complexation at higher pH found in clay rich bottom layer. Source apportionment by principal component analysis and positive correlations among Cu, Cd, Zn and Pb indicate their similar anthropogenic origin which is point source coal based thermal power plant mainly along with other industrial processes and traffic exhaust. However, Ca, Mg and Fe are found to have mostly crustal origin.<#LINE#>Tack F.M., Singh S.P. and Verloo M.G. (1999).@Leaching Behaviour of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in Surface Soils Derived from Dredged Sediments.@Environ. Pollution, 106, 107-114.@Yes$Narwal R.P., Singh B.R. and Salbu B. (1999).@Association of Cadmium, Zinc, Copper, and Nickel with Components in Naturally Heavy Metal-Rich Soils Studied by Parallel and Sequential Extractions.@Commun. Soil Science Plant Anal., 30, 1209-1230.@Yes$Siegel F.R. (2002).@Environmental Geochemistry of Potentially Toxic Metals.@Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York, 218.@Yes$Kabala C. and Singh B.R. (2001).@Fractionation and Mobility of Copper, Lead and Zinc in Soil Profile in the Vicinity of a Copper Smelter.@J. Environ. Quality, 30(2), 485-492.@Yes$Teutsch N., Erel Y., Halicz L. and Chadwich O.A. (1999).@The Influence of Rainfall on Metal Concentration and Behavior in the Soil.@Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 63(21), 3499-3511.@Yes$Han F.X., Banin A. and Triplett G.B. (2001).@Redistribution of Heavy Metals in Arid-Zone Soils under a Wetting-Drying Cycle Soil Moisture Regime.@Soil Science, 166(1), 18-28.@Yes$Koptsik G.N., Lofts S., Karavanova E., Naumova N. and Rutgers M. (2005).@Heavy metals in Temperate Forest Soils: Speciation, Mobility and Risk Assessment.@@Yes$Dube A., Zbitniewski R., Kowalkowski T., Cukrowska E. and Buszewski B. (2001).@Adsorption and Migration of Heavy Metals in Soil.@Polish J. of Environ. Studies, 10(1), 1-10.@Yes$Mohan D. and Pittman U.P.J. (2007).@Arsenic Removal from Water/ Wastewater using Adsorbents - A Critical Review.@J. of Hazardous Materials, 142(1-2), 1-53.@Yes$Meena M., Meena B.S., Chandrawat U. and Rani A. (2016).@Seasonal Variation of Selected Metals in Particulate Matter at an Industrial City, Kota, India.@Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 16, 990-999.@Yes$Sajn R. (2003).@Distribution of Chemical Elements in Attic Dust and Soil as Reflection of Lithology and Anthropogenic Influence in Slovenia - Les Ulis.@Journal de Physique, 107, 1173-1176.@Yes$Damian F., Damian G., Lacatusa R. and Iepure G. (2008).@Heavy Metals Concentration of Soils around Zlatna and Copsa Smelters Romania.@J. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 3(2), 65-82.@Yes$Le-Maitre R.W. (1982).@Numerical Petrology, Statistical Interpretation of Geochemical Data.@Elsevier, Amsterdam, 281.@Yes$Reimann C., Filzmoser P. and Garrett R.G. (2002).@Factor Analysis Applied to Regional Geochemical Data: Problems and Possibilities.@Applied Geochemistry, 17(3), 185-206.@Yes$Prasad Shukla S. and Mukesh S. (2010).@Neutralization of rainwater acidity at Kanpur, India.@Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology, 62(3), 172-180.@Yes$Zhang P.N., Dudley A.M. and Ure-Littlejohn D. (1992).@Application of Principal Component Analysis to the Interpretation of Rainwater Compositional Data.@Analytica Chimica Acta, 258, 1-10.@Yes