Role of Amla in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - A Review
Author Affiliations
- 1Department of Home Science, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, INDIA
Res. J. Recent Sci., Volume 4, Issue (ISC-2014), Pages 31-35, (2015)
Abstract
Emblica officinalis (Amla) is widely used in the Indian system of medicine and believed to increase defense against diseases. The Amla is known for its therapeutic properties and holds a reputed position in the ayurvedic and unani system of medicine in the country. The biological effect of Amla has been attributed to the antioxidant properties of the low-molecular hydrolysable tannins present in the fruit. Amla is the richest source of Vitamin C and contains gallic acid, ellagic acid and flavonoids. The galleoellagi tannins in the fruit preserve the vitamins under all conditions. Amla possesses antioxidant, ant hyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic properties. The present review, deals with nutritive value of Amla, chemical composition, medicinal properties and use of amla in improving Blood Glucose metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus have been discussed to provide collective information. Amla, being the polyphenols and a mixture of phytochemicals can act as a hypolipidemic agent reducing the risk of cardiovascular complications in diabetics. Thus amla may be used as a supportive therapy for diabetics.
References
- Yokozawa Kim H.Y., Kim H.J., Okubo T., Chu D.C and Juneja L.R., Amla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) prevents dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress in the ageing process, Br. J. Nutr.,97(6),1187-95(2007)
- Khan K.H., Role of emblica officinalis in medicine – a review, J Botany Research International.,2(4),218-228(2009)31-35 (2015)
- Thomas M.B., Sharma S K. and Singh L., perspectives of amla – a wonder herb, J of Drug Discovery and Therapeutics, 1(9), 59-64 (2013)
- Gopalan I. and Mohanram M., Fruits Hyderdabad, India: National Institute of Nutrition, Council of Medical Research (2004)
- Jain S.K. and Khurdiya D.S., Vitamin C enrichment of fruit juice based ready to serve beverage through blending of Indian gooseberry juice, Plant Food Hum Nutr.,59(2), 63-68 (2004)
- Desouky S.K.., Ryu S.K. and Kim Y.K.., A new cyctotoxic acyalated apigenin gluciside from phyllanthus emblica, Nat Pod Res.,22(1), 91-95 (2008)
- Kumar K.P.S., Bhowmik D., Dutta A., Yadav A.P.D., Paswan S., Srivastava S and Deb L., Recent Trends in Potential Traditional Indian Herbs, J of Pharma and Phytochemistry., 24-32 (2012)
- Kumar K.R., Nagaraj N.S. and Santhanam K., Reduction of hexachlorocyhexane induced oxidation stress and cytotoxicity in rat liver by emblica officinalis gaertn, Indian J Exp Bio.,45(5), 450-456 (2007)
- Rao T.P., Sakagychi L.R., Wada E. and Yokozawa T., Amla extracts reduce oxidative stress in streptozotocin induced diabetic subjects, J Med Food.,8(3), 362-8 (2005)
- Pozhartskaya O.N., Lvanova S.A., Shikov A.N and Makarov V.G., Separation and elevation of free radical scanenging activity of phenol compounds of amblica officinalis extracts by using an HPTLC-DPPH method, J Sep Sci., 30(9), 1250-4 (2007)
- Pathak U.N and Gurubacharya D.L., Non pharmacological therapy of hyperlipidaemia, J Nepal Med Associ.,41, 356-360 (2002)
- Kim H.J., Yokozawa T., Kim H.Y., Tohda C., Raotp and Juneja L.R., Tnfluence of Amla on hypercholesterolemia and lipid peroxidation in cholesterol fed rats, J Nutr Sci Vitaminol., 51(6), 413-8 (2005)
- Jacob A., Pandex M., Kapoor S and Saroja R., Effect of the Indian gooseberry on serum cholesterol levels in men aged 35-55 years, Eur J Clin Nutri.,42(11), 939-944 (1988)
- Rajak S., Banerjee S.K., Sood S., Dinda A.K., Gupta Y.K and Guptaand S.K., Emblica officinalis causes myocardial adaptation and protects agenst oxidative stress in ischemic and protects againt oxidative stress in ischemic reperfusion injury in rat, J Phytother Res.,18(1), 54-60 (2004)
- Sai R.M., Neetu D., Deepti P., Vandana M., Llavazhagan G and Kumar D., Cytoprotective activity of Amla against chromimum induced oxidative injury in murine macrophages, J Phytother Res.,17(4), 430-3(2003)
- Sai R.M., Neetu D., Yogesh B., Anju P., Pauline T., Sharma S.K., Kumar D and Selvamurthy W., Cyto protective and immunomodulating properties of Amla on lymphocytes: an in vitro study, J Ethnoph.,81(1), 5-10 (2002)
- Sancheti G., Jindal A., Kumari R and Goyal P.K. Chemopreventive action of emblica officinalis on skin carcinogenesis in mice, Asian Pac J Cancer Prev.,6(2),197-201 (2005)
- Kumar N.V., Pillai M R and Kuttan R., Induction of apoptosis in mouse and human carcinoma cell lines by emblica officinalis polyphenols and its effect on chemical carcinogenesis, J Exp Cli Cancer Res.,22(2), 201-12 (2003)
- Bhattacharya A., Kumar M., Ghosal S and Bhattacharya S.K., Effect of bioactive tannoid principles of emblica officinalis on iron induced hepatic toxicity in rats, J Phyto Medi, 7(2), 173-5 (2000)
- Pramyothin P., Samosron P., Poungshompoo S and Chaichantpyuth C., The protective effect of phyllanthus emblica linn extract on ethanol induced rat hepatic injury, J Ethnop,107(3), 361-4 (2006)
- Sultana S.A. and Ahmad S., Effect of amla on ccl4 incluced hepatic toxicity and DNA systhesis in subjects, Indian J Exp Bio.,43(5), 430-6 (2005)
- Gupta R.K., Kesari A.N., Murthy P.S., Chandra R., Tandon V., Watal G., Hypoglycemic and antidiabetic effect of ethanolic extract of leaves of Annonasquamosa L. in experimental animals, J. Ethnopharmacol, 99, 75-81 (2005)
- Modak M., Dixit P., Londhe J., Ghaskadbi S., Paul T.A. and Devasagayam. Indian herbs and herbal drugs used for the treatment of diabetes, J Cli Biochem Nutr.,40(3),163-173 (2007)
- Akhtar M.S., Ramzan A., Ali A and Ahmad M., Effect of amla fruit on blood glucose and lipid profile of normal subjects and type 2 diabetic patients, Ind J Food Sci Nutr.,62(6), 609-616 (2011)
- Shah K.V., P.R Tirgar., V.P Patel., T.R Desai and Goyal R.K., Investigation into mechanism of action of anti-diabetic activity of Emblica officinalis on streptozotocin induced type I diabetic rat, Res. J. Pharma. Biol. Chem.Sci., 1(4), 672-682 (2005)
- Suryanarayan P., Saraswat M., Petrash J.M and Reedy G.B., Emblic officinalis and its enriched tannoids delay stertozotocin-induced diabetic cartaract in rats, Mol J Vis., 24(13),1291-7 (2007)
- Daisy P.H., Averal and R.D and Modilal., Curative properties of Phyllanthus extract in alloxan-induced diabetic rats, J. Trop. Med. Plant., 5, 21-27 (2005)
- Patel S.S and Goyal R.K., Prevention of diabetes-induced myocardial dysfunction in rats using the juice of the Emblica officinalis fruit, Exp Clin Cardiol.,16(3), 87-91 (2011)
- Kimhy., Okubo T., Junejalr and Okozwat Y., Investigated the effects of Amla on fructose induced metabolic syndrome using subjects, Br J Nutri.,103(4), 502-12 (2010)
- Anila L and Vijayalakshmi N.R., Beneficial effects of flavonoids from sesamum indicum, emblica officinalis and momordica charantia, Phytother Res.,14(8), 592-5 (2000)
- Nampoothiri S.V., Prathapan A., Cherian O.L., Raghu K.G., Venugopalan V.V and Sundaresan A., In vitro antioxidant and inhibitory potential of Terminalia bellerica and Emblica officinalis fruits against LDL oxidation and key enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes, Food Chem Toxicol., 49(1),125-131 (2011)
- Babu P.S., Stanely M and Prince P., Antihyperglycaemic and antioxidant effect of hyponidd an ayurvedic herbomineral formulation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, J Pharm Pharmacol.,56(11), 1435-1442 (2004)
- Sabu M.C. and Kuttan R., Anti-diabetic activity of medicinal plants and its relationship with their antioxidant property, J Ethnopharmacol.,81(2), 155-160 (2002)
- Nadkarni K.M. and Nadkarni A.K., Indian Materia Medica – with Ayurvedic, Unani-Tibbi, Siddha, Allopathic, Homeopathic, Naturopathic and Home remedies. Popular Prakashan Private Ltd., Bombay, India., 1(81), 7154-142-9 (1999)
- Treadway and Linda., Amla Traditional food and medicine, Herbal Gram, J of Ameri Botanical Council., 31-26 (1994)
- Bhattacharya A., Chatterjee A., Ghosal S. and Bhattacharya S.K., Antioxidant activity of active tannoid principles of Emblica officinalis (amla)., Indian J Exp Biol., 37, 676-80 (1999)
- Koshy S.M., Bobby., Zachariah., Hariharan., Ananthanarayanan P., Gopalakrishna and Sridhar M., Amla (Emblica officinalis) extract is effective in preventing high fructose diet–induced insulin resistance and atherogenic dyslipidemic profile in ovariectomized female albino rats, The North American Menopause Society., 19(10),1146-55, (2012)
- Mehta S., Singh R.K., Jaiswal D, Rai P.K. and Watal G., Anti-diabetic activity of Emblica officinalis in animal models, Pharm bio., 47(11),1050-55, (2009)
- Kumar K.P., Bhowmik D., Dutta A., Akhilesh P.D., Yadav., Paswan S., Srivastava and Lokesh., Recent Trends in Potential Traditional Indian Herbs Emblica officinalis and Its Medicinal Importance, J of Pharma and Phyto.,1(1), 24-32 (2012)
- Kumari M. and Jain S., Tannins: An antioxident with positive effect to manage diabetes, Res. J. Resent Sci., 1(12),70-73 (2012)
- Porter L.J., The Flavonoids, In: Harborne JB, editor. Advances in Research since 1986. London: Chapman and Hall, 23–55 (1986)
- Karchesy J. and Hemingway R.W., Condensed tannins (4-8, 2B-O-7) -linked procyanidins in Archis hypogea L, J.Agric. Food Chem., 34, 996-970 (1986)
- Martin-Tanguy J., Guillaume J. and Kossa A., Condensed tannins in horse bean seeds: chemical structure and effects on poultry, J. Sci. Food Agric., 28, 757-765 (1977)
- Subramanian V., Butler L.G., Jambunathan R. and Prasada Rao K.E., Some agronomic and biochemical characters of brown sorghums and their possible role in bird resistance, J. Agric. Food Chem., 31, 1303-1307 (1983)
- Bennick A., Interaction of plant polyphenols with salivary proteins, Crit. Rev. Oral Biol. Med., 13, 184-196 (2002)
- Arts ICW, Vande P.B. and Hollman P.C.H., Catechin contents of foods commonly consumed in the Netherlands.1. Fruits, vegetables, staple foods, and processed food, J agric food chem., 48, 1746-51 (2000)
- Ghosal S., Tripathi V.K. and Chauhan S. Indian J Chem Sect. B: Organic chemistry, Including Medical Chemistry., (35), 941-948 (2012)
- Kimura K., Role of essential trace elements in the disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism, Nippon Rinsho(54), 79–84 (1996)