@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Geopysical and Geotechnical Investigation of Cham Failed Dam Project, Ne Nigeria<#LINE#>AdwangashiTabwassah@Caleb,Obiefuna@GabrielIke<#LINE#>1-18<#LINE#>1ISCA-RJRS-2012-016.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Geology Federal University of Technology, Yola, NIGERIA <#LINE#>6/12/2011<#LINE#>10/1/2012<#LINE#> The geophysical and geotechnical techniques were applied in order to determine the immediate and remote causes of a failed dam project in Cham area NE Nigeria. Details of site investigation for the Cham dam are presented. Geologically, the dam-site rests on the geologically disturbed Yolde Formation. The course of the Cham River is structurally controlled by the underlying strike-slip and dip-slip faults. Ground geological investigation revealed the presence of joints, faults and associated slicken-sides and shear zones as well as desiccation cracks within the rock formations. Geophysical investigations confirms that these joints and fault zone extends more than 35 meters below the river beds. It also revealed the presence of shally clay, lateritic dark clay, fissile shale and friable siltstone to depths of more than 35 meters below the river bed. Laboratory studies of the engineering properties of the rocks disclosed a mean optimum moisture content of 14.6% at a mean maximum dry density of 1.80 mg/m, mean plasticity index value of 34.5% and a mean CBR value of 3% suggesting a highly weathered, plastic, friable and structurally weak rocks. These studies helped in explaining both the immediate and remote causes of the failed dam project. <#LINE#> @ @ Blyth F.G.H. and De Freitas M.H., A Geology for engineers (7th Ed), Edward Arnold Pub. London, 1-325 (1978) @No $ @ @ Sirles P.C., NCHRP Synthesis 357 Use of geophysics for transportation projects, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington D.C. Available at http://onlinepubs.trb.org/ onlinepubs/ nchrp/nchrp_syn_357.pdf(2006) @No $ @ @ Freeze R.A. and Cherry J.A., Groundwater Prentice-Hall, 604 (1979) @No $ @ @ El Boushi I.M. and Abdel Salam Y., The shallow groundwater of the Gezira Formation in Khartoum and northern Geziro Sudan notes and records, 53,154-163 (1982) @No $ @ @ Magboul A.B., Hydrogeology of the northern Gezira area Unpublished M.Sc Thesis University of Khartoum Sudan (1992) @No $ @ @ Obiefuna G.I. and Orazulike D.M., Hydrologic characteristics of the River Benue wetland in Semiarid Yola Area, NE Nigeria Water Resources-Journal of Nigerian Association of Hydrogeologists,20(2), 54-64 (2010) @No $ @ @ Clayton C.R.I. and Jukes A.W., A One point penetrometer liquid limit test, Geotechnique, 28, 469-472 (1978) @No $ @ @ BS 1377, Method of testing soil for civil engineering purposes. British Standard Institute, London (1990) @No $ @ @ AASHTO, Manual on subsurface investigations American Association of State Highways and Transportation Officials Washington D.C. (1988) @No $ @ @ Burmister, Advanced Soil mechanics (2nd Ed) J.Wiley and Sons New York (1997) @No
<#LINE#>Association Rule - Extracting Knowledge Using Market Basket Analysis<#LINE#>A.A.@Raorane,R.V.@Kulkarni,B.D.@Jitkar<#LINE#>19-27<#LINE#>2ISCA-RJRS-2012-019.pdf<#LINE#>Department of computer science, Vivekanand College, Tarabai park Kolhapur, MH, INDIA  @ Chh. Shahu Institute of business Education and Research Centre Kolhapur, MH, INDIA @ Department of the Computer Science, D.Y. Patil College of engineering, Kolhapur, MH, INDIA <#LINE#>30/12/2011<#LINE#>10/1/2012<#LINE#> Decision making and understanding the behavior of the customer has become vital and challenging problem for organizations to sustain their position in the competitive markets. Technological innovations have paved breakthrough in faster processing of queries and sub-second response time. Data mining tools have become surest weapon for analyzing huge amount of data and breakthrough in making correct decisions. The objective of this paper is to analyze the huge amount of data thereby exploiting the consumer behavior and make the correct decision leading to competitive edge over rivals. Experimental analysis has been done employing association rules using Market Basket Analysis to prove its worth over the conventional methodologies.  <#LINE#> @ @ Pillai Jyothi, User centric approach to itemset utility mining in Market Basket Analysis, International Journal on Computer Science and Engineering (IJCSE),3, (2011) @No $ @ @ Parvinder S. Sandhu Dalvinder, Dhaliwal S. and Panda S.N., Mining utility-oriented association rules: An efficient approach based on profit and quantity,  International Journal of the Physical Sciences,6(2), 301-307 (2011) @No $ @ @ Vijaylakshmi S., Mohan V., Suresh Raja S., Mining of users access behavior for frequent sequential pattern from web logs, International Journal of Database Management System (IJDM),, (2010) @No $ @ @ Yldz B. and Ergenç B., (Turkey) in Comparison of Two Association Rule Mining Algorithms without Candidate Generation,  International Journal of Computing and ICT Research, 674(131), 450-457 2010)     @No $ @ @  Nan-chan Hsich, Kuo-Chang cha Enhancing consumer behavior analysis by data mining techniques (2009) @No $ @ @ Peter P. Wakabi-Waiswa Venansius Baryamureeba, Extraction Of Interesting Association Rules Using Genetic Algorithms International Journal of Computing and ICT Research, 2(1), (2008) @No $ @ @ Shrivastava A. and Sahu R., Efficient Association Rule Mining for Market Basket Analysis, Global Journal of e-Business and Knowledge Management,  3(1),(2007) @No $ @ @  Junzo Watada and Kozo Yamashiro, A Data Mining Approach to consumer behavior- Procedings of the  first International Conference on Innovative computing  Information(2006) @No $ @ @ Giudici Paulo. Applied Data mining :Statistical Methods for business and industry, -ISBN 9812-53-178-5 (2003) @No $ @ @ Jiauei Han and Michele Kamber, Data mining Concepts and Techniques, Simon Fraser University, ISBN 1-55860-489-8-(2001) @No $ @ @ Aggarwal C.C. and Yu P.S. Mining association with the collective strength approach, knowledge and data engg., IEEE,13(6) 863-873 (2001) @No $ @ @ Mike Chapple, Data mining an introduction Classification (2001) @No $ @ @ Lars parner -Consumer behavior – The psychology of marketing (2000) @No $ @ @ Sergey Brin, Rajeev Motwani and Craig silvertrin Beyound Market Baskets: Generalizing association rules for correlation, SIGMOD Record, (ACM Special Interest Group on Management of Data), 26(2), 265, (1997) @No $ @ @ S. Kotsiantis Association Rules mining (1994) @No $ @ @ Agrawal R. and Srikat,  Fast Algorithms for Mining  Association Rules- l. Sept (1994) @No $ @ @ Agrawal R., Imilienski T.  and Swami A., Mining Associations Rules between Sets of Items in large databases. Proc. of the ALM SIGNOD. Int’l conf. on management of Data, 207-216 (1993) @No
<#LINE#>Cassia alata as a Potential Coagulant in Water Treatment<#LINE#>E.R.@Aweng,I.@A.Anwar,M.I@SitiRafiqah.,O.@Suhaimi<#LINE#>28-33<#LINE#>3ISCA-RJRS-2012-021.pdf<#LINE#>Faculty of Agro Industry and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK), MALAYSIA @ Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), MALAYSIA<#LINE#>2/1/2012<#LINE#>10/1/2012<#LINE#> Cassia alata or locally known as “pokok gelenggang” is a wild legume species found in Kelantan.  Cassia alata based coagulant-flocculant was tested for surface water collected from the Kelantan River.  The plant leaves was used to test coagulant rate and dose.  The turbidity and other physico-chemicals of surface water sample were measured before and after the jar-test by using portable instruments.  Turbidimeter Hanna Model 2100P was used to measure turbidity, while, portable pH meter hand-held Model C535 was used to measure pH. Meanwhile, iron and manganese were measured by using spectrophotometer model DR 2800.  Total suspended solids were analyzed using method used by Michaud.  The experiments were carried out with coagulant dosage of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3 mL/L with the intervals of 0.5 mL/L.  The results have shown that Cassia alata leaves can remove turbidity up to 93.33% at the optimal dosage of 1.0 mL/L.   In addition, the potential of Cassia alata leaves to remove other pollutants presence in the river water like suspended solids, ferum, manganese and pH was also identified.  On the other hand, the leaves of Cassia alata can remove suspended solids by 56.4% but not other parameters. <#LINE#> @ @ Miller S.M., Ezekiel J.F., Vinka O.C., James A.S. and Julie B.Z., Toward Understanding the Efficacy and Mechanism of Opuntia spp. as a Natural Coagulant for Potential Application in Water Treatment, Environmental Science and Technology, 42(12), 4274-4279 (2008) @No $ @ @ McCarthy J.F. and Zachara J.M., Subsurface transport of contaminants, Environ. Sci. Technol., 23(5), 496–502 (1989) @No $ @ @ Garcia-Fayos B., Arnal J.M., Verdu G. and Sancho M.,  Aquapot Project: Potential of Moringa Oleifera Seeds and its Application in Drinking Water Treatment,  International Conference on Food Innovation-foofInnova(2010) @No $ @ @ James C. and O’Melia C.R., Considering sludge production in the selection of coagulants, J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 74 158–251(1982) @No $ @ @ Ndabigengesere A. and Narasiah K.S., Use of Moringa oleifera seeds as a primary coagulant in wastewater treatment, Environ. Technol., 19(8), 789–800 (1998) @No $ @ @ Haaroff J. and Cleasby J.L., Comparing aluminum and iron coagulants for in-line filtration of cold waters, J. Am. 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Stud., 60 (6), 617–626 @No $ @ @  Ndabigengesere A. and  Narasiah K.S.,  Influence of operating parameters on turbidity removal by coagulation with Moringa oleifera seedsTechnol., 17 (10), 1103–1112(1996) @No $ @ @ Okuda T., Baes A.U.,  Nishijima W. and Okada M., Isolation and characterization of coagulant extracted from Moringa oleifera seed by salt solution, 35 (2), 405–410 (2001) @No $ @ @ Ndabigengesere A. and  Narasiah K.S.,  Quality of water treated by coagulation using oringa oleifera Water Res., 32(3), 781–791 (1998) @No $ @ @ Ali G., El-Taweel G. and Ali M.A., The cytotoxicity and antimicrobial efficiency of Moringa oleifera extracts, Int. J, Environ. Stud., 61 (6),699 @No $ @ @ Nantachit K., Antibacterial activity of the capsules of Moringa oleifera Lamk(Moringaceae), 5 (3), 365–368 (2006) @No $ @ @ Miller S.M., Fugate E.J., Craver V.O., Smith, J.A. and Zimmerman J.B., Toward Understanding the Efficacy and Mechanism of Opuntiafor Potential Application in Water Treatment, Environmental Science and Technology,4279 (2008) @No $ @ @ Sanchez-Martin J., BeltranHernandez C.,  Surface and wastewater treatment using a new tannin-based coagulant,Environmental Management, 91(10), 2051-2058 (2010) @No $ @ @ Reezal I., Somchit M.N. and Abdul Rahim M., Antifungal Properties  of Besar),  Proceedings of the Regional Symposium on Environment and Natural Resources,2002, Hotel Renaissance Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 654-659 (2002) @No $ @ @ Michaud J.P., Measuring Total Suspended Solids and Turbidity in lakes and streams, Understanding and Monitoring Lakes and Streams,State of Washington, Department of Ecology (1994) @No
<#LINE#>Propagation and Dissipation of Slow Magneto-Acoustic Waves in Coronal Loops<#LINE#>Pradeep@Kumar,bhupendra@Singh,Rajmani@Chauhan,Anil@Kumar<#LINE#>34-41<#LINE#>4ISCA-RJRS-2012-024.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Physics, K G K College, Moradabad 244 001, Uttar Pradesh, INDIA @ Department of Physics, Hindu College, Moradabad 244 001, Uttar Pradesh, INDIA @  Dept. of Applied Sciences, Visveshwarya Institute of Engg. and Tech., Dadri, G. B. Nagar, UP, INDIA<#LINE#>8/1/2012<#LINE#>14/1/2012<#LINE#> We study the spatial damping of slow magnetoacoustic waves in homogeneous, isothermal, and unbounded coronal plasma permeated by a uniform magnetic field, with physical properties akin to those of coronal loops. Taking into account an energy equation with optically thin radiative losses, thermal conduction, and heating we obtain a fourth-order polynomial in the wavenumber k, which represents the dispersion relation for slow and thermal MHD waves. The fourth order dispersion relation has been solved numerically for different loop parameters. It is found that damping length of slow-mode waves exhibits varying behavior depending upon the physical parameters of the loop. We found that for solar coronal loops, the dominant wave damping mechanism is compressive viscosity and thermal conduction with less significant contribution by radiation. For any considered period, slow waves have much shorter damping length in hot coronal loops than that in cool loops and also slow waves damped very quickly in hot and long coronal loops.<#LINE#> @ @ Ofman L. Romoli M. Poletto G., Noci G. and Kohl J. L., Ultraviolet coronagraph spectrometer observations of density fluctuations in the solar wind, Astrophysical J., 491, L111-L114 (1997) @No $ @ @ De Forest C.E. and Gurman, J.B., Observation of Quasi-periodic Compressive Waves in Solar Polar Plumes, Astrophysical J., 501, L217-L220 (1998) @No $ @ @ Mariska J.T., Characteristics of solar flare doppler-shift oscillations observed with the bragg crystal spectrometer on yohkoh, Astrophysical J., 639, 484-494 (2006) @No $ @ @ Ogrodowczyk R. Murawski K. and Solanki S.K., Slow magnetoacoustic standing waves in a curved solar coronal slab, Astron. Astrophys., 495, 313-318 (2009) @No $ @ @ Marsh M.S. Ireland, J. and Kucera, T., Bayesian analysis of solar oscillations, Astrophysical J., 681, 672-679 (2008) @No $ @ @ Wang T.J. Ofman L. Davila J.M. and Mariska J.T., Hinode/EIS observations of propagating low-frequency slow magnetoacoustic waves in fan-like coronal loops, Astron. Astrophys.,, 503 L25-L28 (2009) @No $ @ @ De Moortel I. and Hood A.W., The damping of slow MHD waves in solar coronal magnetic fields, Astron. Astrophys., 408, 755-766 (2003) @No $ @ @ Mc Ewan M.P. and De Moortel I., Longitudinal intensity oscillations observed with TRACE: evidence of fine-scale structure, Astron. Astrophys.,448, 763-770 (2006) @No $ @ @ Res. J. Recent Sci.   International Science Congress Association 419.Ogrodowczyk R. and Murawski K., Numerical simulations of slow magnetosonic standing waves in a straight solar coronal slab, Astron. Astrophys.,, 467, 311-316 (2007) @No $ @ @ Kumar N. Kumar P. Singh S. and Kumar A., Damping of Slow Magnetoacoustic Waves in an Inhomogeneous Coronal Plasma, J. Astrophysics and Astronomy, 29, 243-248 (2008) @No $ @ @ De Moortel I. and Hood A.W.,The damping of slow MHD waves in solar coronal magnetic fields - II. The effect of gravitational stratification and field line divergence, Astron. Astrophys., 415, 705-716 (2004) @No $ @ @ Macnamara C.K. and Roberts B., Effects of thermal conduction and compressive viscosity on the period ratio of the slow mode, Astron. Astrophys., 515, A41 (2010) @No $ @ @ Ogrodowczyk R. and Murawski K., Numerical simulations of slow magnetosonic standing waves in astraight solar coronal slab, Astron. Astrophys.,, 467,311-316 (2007) @No $ @ @ Kumar N. Kumar P. Singh S. and Kumar A.,Damping of Slow Magnetoacoustic Waves in an InhomogeneousCoronal Plasma, J. Astrophysics and Astronomy, 29,243-248 (2008) @No $ @ @ De Moortel I. and Hood A.W., The damping of slow MHD waves in solar coronal magnetic fields - II. The effect of gravitational stratification and field linedivergence, Astron. Astrophys., 415, 705-716 (2004) @No $ @ @ Macnamara C.K. and Roberts B., Effects of thermal conduction and compressive viscosity on the period ratio of the slow mode, Astron. Astrophys., 515, A41 (2010) @No $ @ @ Hildner E., The formation of solar quiescent prominences by condensation, Solar Phys. 35, 123-136 (1974) @No $ @ @ Sigalotti L.D.G. Guerra G.A. and Mendoza-Briceño C. A., Propagation and Damping of a Localized Impulsive Longitudinal Perturbation in Coronal Loops, Solar Phys., 254, 127-144 (2009) @No $ @ @ Ofman L. and Wang. T., Hot coronal loop oscillations observed by sumer: slow magnetosonic wave damping by thermal conduction, Astrophysical J., 580, L85-L88 (2002) @No $ @ @ Nakariakov V.M.,  Ofman L., DeLuca E.E., Roberts B. and Davila J.M., TRACE Observation of Damped Coronal Loop Oscillations: Implications for Coronal Heating, Science, 285, 862-864 (1999) @No
<#LINE#>RTD Studies in Plug Flow Reactor and its Simulation with Comparing Non Ideal Reactors<#LINE#>NitinG.@Kanse,S.D.@Dawande<#LINE#>42-48<#LINE#>5ISCA-RJRS-2012-025.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemical Engineering, FAMT Ratnagiri-415639, INDIA @ Department of Chemical Engineering, L.I.T. Nagpur, MH, INDIA<#LINE#>13/1/2012<#LINE#>16/1/2012<#LINE#>This paper proposes RTD studies in plug flow reactor and comparison of non-ideal reactors using residence time distribution function. The model also gives a prediction of the number of ideal continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTR) that could represent the non-ideal plug flow reactor (PFR) in question. Simulated results reveal that 10 numbers of ideal stirred tanks in series would represent the non-ideal plug flow reactor under study. The graphical result of all four reactors is generated directly by polymath.Most of the chemical reactors in the industries have non-ideal regime. The non-ideal plug flow reactor (PFR) is one whose attributes deviate from that of the ideal plug flow reactors. Therefore, an in-depth knowledge of the residence time distribution(RTD) of components in the reactor is necessary for its analysis. The residence time distribution indicates how much time each fraction of a charged material spends in the vessel. The residence time distribution of reactants or tracers in a flow vessel is a key datum for determining reactor performance. <#LINE#> @ @ Levenspiel O., Chemical reaction engineering, 2nd ed., 107-9, 253-99, John Wiley, New York, N.Y. USA (1972) @No $ @ @ Richardson J.F. and Peacock D.G. Coulson and Richardson’s Chemical Engineering, 3(3), 71-80, 102-3  Pergamon, Great Britain (1994) @No $ @ @ Aweh E.A., One parameter model and computer simulation of a non-ideal plug flow reactor. B.Eng. thesis, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria (2002) @No $ @ @ Fogler H.S., Elements of chemical engineering reaction, nd ed., prentice-Hall of India private Ltd., New Delhi, 708-23,759-65 (1997) @No $ @ @ Ganjal G. and Hanna A review on residence time distribution (RTD) in food extruders and study on the potential of Neural networks in RTD modeling, Journal of food science,67(6), 1996-2002 (2002) @No $ @ @ Burrows L.J., Stokes A.J., West J.R. and Forster C.F., evaluation of different analytical methods for tracer studies in aeration lanes of activated sludge plants, Water Res., 33, 367-74 (1999) @No $ @ @ Luyben W.L., Process Modeling, Simulation and Control for Chemical Engineers, 2nd ed., 15-38, 87-91, McGraw-Hill, Singapore (1990) @No $ @ @ Perry R.H. and Green D.W., Perry’s chemical engineering handbook, 7th ed., 23 (15-23) @No $ @ @ , McGraw-Hill, New York, N.Y., U.S.A. (1997) @No $ @ @ 9.Bhajmohan Singh and Sayed S.H. Rizvi, Residence time distribution and goodness of mixing during co injection in twin screw extrusion, Part II, Journal of food process engineering, 22, 111-26 (1998) @No $ @ @ 0.Danckwerts P.V., Continuous flow systems. Distribution of residence times, Chemical Engineering Science,2, 1-13 (1953) @No $ @ @ Smith J.M., Chemical Engineering Kinetics, 3rd edition, McGraw-Hill, Tokyo (1981) @No
<#LINE#>Protein contents and activity of enzymes in the mod gut homogenate of fifth instar larvae of silkworm, Bombyx mori (L) (Race: PM x CSR2) fed with herbal drug(Kho-go) treated mulberry leaves<#LINE#>Vitthalrao@Khyade,SuchetaS.@Doshi<#LINE#>49-55<#LINE#>6ISCA-RJRS-2012-027.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, Shardabai Pawar Mahila College, Shardanagar Tal – Baramati, Dist. Pune–413115, MH, INDIA  @ Department of Zoology, T.C. College, Baramati, Dist. Pune, MH, INDIA<#LINE#>14/1/2012<#LINE#>23/1/2012<#LINE#> The aqueous solution of herbal drug: kho-go of various concentrations (5.0 ppm; 10.0 ppm; 20.0 ppm and 50.0 ppm) was used to treat the leaves of mulberry and fed to the fifth instar larvae of polyvoltine, crossbreed silkworm, Bombyx mori (L) for first three days, second day and third day and third day (only). The larvae fed with untreated and water treated leaves were also maintained. Bioassays of proteins (S.P. and T.P.) and enzymes (protease and amylase) were carried out on fifth day through the use of mid gut homogenate. Treating the mulberry leaves with herbal drug: kho-go and feeding them to fifth instar larvae was found reflected into significant improvement in the levels of proteins (S.P. and T.P.) and velocities of biochemical reactions catalyzed by protease and amylase. The pattern of increase in soluble proteins and total proteins in the mid gut tissue were 32.147 to 90.074 percent and 5.657 to 39.052 percent respectively. The activities of mid gut protease and amylase were increased by 21.444 to 83.706 percent and 14.54 to 52.257 percent respectively. The nutrient contents of herbal drug: kho-go serve to improve the digestibility and exert the influence of efficient metabolism in the fifth instar larvae of silkworm, Bombyx mori (L). The herbal drug treatment may gear overall biochemical constituency of silkworm larvae, through mid gut enzymes. <#LINE#> @ @ Bowers W.S., Fales V.M., Thompson M.J. and Uebel B., Juvenile and gonadotropic activity of 10, 11 epoxyfranesoic acid methyl ester, Life Science,, 2323-2331 (1966) @No $ @ @ Murugan K. and George A. (Sr.), Feedings and nutritional influence on growth and reproduction of Daphnia near (L), Insect Physiol., 38, 961-969 (1992) @No $ @ @ Ito H., Effect of sugars on feeding the larvae of silkworm, Bombyx mori (L), J. Insect. Physiol.,5, 95-107 (1960) @No $ @ @ Ito T., Nutrition of silkworm, Bombyx mori (L). Proc. Jpn. Acad. 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United Nations Rome (1978) @No $ @ @ Vitthalrao Khyade and Jeevan P. Sarawade, Protein profiles in the fifth instar larvaeof silkworm, Bombyx mori (L)(PM xCSR) fed with digoxin treated mulberry leaves. The Bioscan, (1), 41-44 (2009) @No $ @ @ Khyade V.B., Influence of juvenoids on silkworm, Bombyx mori (L), Ph.D. thesis, Shivaji University, Kolhapur (2004) @No $ @ @ Brik Y., Harpaz J., Ishaya and Bhondi A., Studies on proteolytic activity of beetle, Tenebrio molitor (L), J. Insect Physiol., 8, 417-429 (1962) @No $ @ @ Ishaya I. and Swirski E., Trehalase invertase and amylase activities in the larvae of Egyptian cotton worm, Spodoptera littoralis (L), J. Insect Physiol.,17, 945-953  (1976) @No $ @ @ Chougale A.C., Influence of magnetic energy on silkworm Bombyx mori (L). Ph.D. Thesis, Shivaji University, Kolhapur (1992) @No $ @ @ Bernfeld P., Amylase, a and b. In: Methods of Enzymology, Vol. I (Ed. Clockwik and Kalpin). Academic Press, New York, (1955) @No $ @ @ Ishaaya I., Moore I. and Joseph B., Protease and amylase activity in the larvae of Egyption cotton worm, Spodoptera littoralis (L), J. Insect physiol.17, 945-953 (1971) @No $ @ @ Gaikwad A.R., Biology of some dung beetles of South Western Maharashtra. Ph.D. thesis, Shivaji University, Kolhapur (1998) @No $ @ @ Norman T.J. and Baily Statistical methods in Biology (1955) @No $ @ @ Applebaum S.W., Biochemistry of digestion. In: Comprehensive insect physiology (Ed. Kerkut, G.A. and Gilbert (I), 4:297-307, Pergamon Press New York, (1985) @No $ @ @ Ghantaloo U.S. Influence of digoxin on silkworm, Bombyx mori (L). M.Phil. Thesis, Algappa University, Karaikudi (Tamil Nadu), India (2007) @No $ @ @ Horie Y., Physiological studies on the limentary canal of silkworm, Bombyx mori (L), III. Absoroption and utilization of carbohydrates, Bull. Sericult. Exp. Sta., Japan, 16, 287-309 (1961) @No $ @ @ Jagtap S.G., Effect of plant juvenoids on consumption and utlizationof mulberry leaves by silkworm, Bombyx mori (L), M.Phil. Thesis, Algappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India (2007) @No $ @ @ Lowery O.H., Rosenbrough N.J., Far A.L. and Randall R.J. Protein measurement with folin phenol reagent,J. Biol. Chem., 193: 265-275 (1951) @No
<#LINE#>Impact of Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Shivaji University lakes on Phytoplankton Communities, Kolhapur, India<#LINE#>ShilpaG.@Patil,SonalG.@Chonde,AasawariS@Jadhav.,PrakashD@.Raut<#LINE#>56-60<#LINE#>7ISCA-RJRS-2012-028.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Environmental Science, Shivaji university, Kolhapur, MH, INDIA<#LINE#>16/1/2012<#LINE#>20/1/2012<#LINE#> The study deals with physico-chemical properties of Shivaji University lakes of Kolhapur city and its impact on phytoplankton population. Several limnological parameters were evaluated during the period from September, 2010 to February, 2011 from seven sampling stations sited along lakes of Shivaji university campus viz. Music Department Lake, Bhshabhavan Lake, Rajaram Lake. The physical parameters included were temperature, turbidity and chemical parameters included were pH, temperature, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, total hardness and nitrate, phosphate and sulphate. A total 19 species were observed during the study period, maximum number of sp observed were in the Rajaram lake i.e. 13 sp. There were 9 species observed from the class Chlorophyceae, 4 species of the class Cynophyceae, 3 of the class Bacillariophyceae, 3 of the class Euglenophyceae. The Microcystis species was observed in Rajaram lake indicates the signs of eutrophication of lake, while species like Desmidium , observed  from Music Department and Bhshabhavan lake were the indicator of  better water quality. The physico-chemical parameters such as nitrates, phosphate, temperature and alkalinity are favorable for the growth of phytoplankton. Maximum species of the class chlorophyceae were observed during study period. <#LINE#> @ @   Hassan and kathim, Effect of chemical and physical properties of river water in Shatt Al-hilla on phytoplankton communities, ISSN pub, 4(2), PP 323-330 (2008) @No $ @ @ Srivastava and Harit, Study of physico-chemical characteristics of lake around Jaipur, India,  journal of environmental biology, 30(5), 889-894 (2009) @No $ @ @   Trivedy R.K., Garud J.M. and Goel P.K., Studies on chemistry and phytoplankton of few freshwater  bodies in Kolhapur with special reference to human activity, Journal ofPoll. Res.,4(1), 25-44 (1985) @No $ @ @   APHA standard methods for the examination of water & waste water port city press, Baltimore, Maryland, USA (2001) @No $ @ @   Maithi S.K. Handbook of methods in environmental studies vol.1: water and waste water analysis, second edition, published by ABD publisher, Jaipur – 302015 (2004) @No $ @ @   Hacioglu Nurcihan and Basaran Dulger, Monthly variation of some physico-chemical and microbiological parameters in Biga Stream, (Biga, Canakkale, Turkey), African Journal of Biotechnology,8(9), 1929-1937 (2009) @No $ @ @   Kumar V.A., Sowjajanya V., Ravitra M., Gayatri P., Unnisa S.A. and Mukkanti K., A pollution profile of hussain sagar lake, IJEP, 28(9), 816-819 (2008) @No $ @ @   Patra A.P., seasonal variation in physicochemical parameters of chilka lake, world journal of fish and marine science, 2(2), 109-11 (2010) @No $ @ @   Kara Yasim, Investigation of some physical and chemical parameters of water in lakes Isykli in Denizli, Turkey, International journal of agriculture and biology, 275-277 (2004) @No $ @ @   Salanki V.R., variation in DO and BOD in two freshwater lakes of Bodhan, (A.P), nature environment and pollution technology, 6(4), 623-628, (2007) @No $ @ @   Khare S.L., Pau l S.R., Dubey Anita, A study of water quality of Khomph-Niwarli lake at chhatrapur, M.P. nature environment and pollution technology6(3),539-540 (2007) @No $ @ @   Parikh Ankita N. and Mankodi P.C., Limnology of Sama Pond, Vadodara City, Gujarat, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(1), 16-21 (2012) @No
<#LINE#>Multi-annual changes of bottom temperatures in the Pacific off the North Kuril Islands and South Kamchatka (Northwestern Pacific, Russia) and demography of selected groundfish species<#LINE#>Orlov@AlexeiM.,A.@Ul'chenkoVasily<#LINE#>61-84<#LINE#>8ISCA-RJRS-2012-030.pdf<#LINE#>Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (VNIRO), 17, V. Krasnoselskaya, Moscow, 107140, RUSSIA <#LINE#>17/1/2012<#LINE#>21/1/2012<#LINE#> The results of eight oceanological and bottom trawl surveys (totally 650 stations) conducted within the Pacific waters off the northern Kuril Islands and southeastern Kamchatka in 1993-2000 during the same calendar period (late summer – autumn) are analyzed. Several periods with different thermal conditions were marked out. The 1993-1995s were characterized by the existence of two areas with low bottom temperatures ( 1C): off central Paramushir Island and southeastern Kamchatka (cold years). The 1995 was coldest among three years with presence of wide area of negative bottom temperatures off the southeastern Kamchatka. The 1996-1998s were considerably warmer; the entire survey area was covered by waters with bottom temperatures &#x-1.0;ȃ 1C (warm years). In 1999, the situation has been changed and this year was somewhat colder than previous period (moderate year). 2000 was again warm year. During the whole study period, considerable changes of temperature conditions were registered in the northern part of the area surveyed only, while the rest part was covered by waters with bottom temperatures &#x-1.0;ȃ1C. The multi-annual changes of survey indices of 32 most common groundfish species (4 skates, Pacific cod, walleye pollock, sablefish, prowfish, 2 eelpouts, Atka mackerel, 5 sculpins, 6 snailfishes, sawback poacher, shortraker rockfish, Pacific ocean perch, broadbanded and shortspine thornyheads, Kamchatka flounder, northern rock and flathead soles, Pacific and Greenland halibuts) were analyzed. Correlation between demographic patterns of some species and bottom temperature changes were detected. Therefore it can be suggested that abundance of these species is affected by changes of bottom temperatures. At the same time, various species demonstrate similar tendencies of changes of their demography. Since the majority of species have long life span, they are not capable to respond quickly to climatic variability by changing of their abundance. The changes of their demographic patterns most likely show the redistribution of their biomass between areas or outside of area surveyed. <#LINE#> @ @   Pokudov V.V., Schemes and brief analysis of vertical circulation of waters in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, Tr. DVNIGMI, 55, 87-91 (1975) @No $ @ @   Bulatov N.V. and Lobanov V.B., Study of mesoscale eddies eastward Kuril Islands using the meteorological satellites data, Issled. Zemli iz Kosmosa, , 40-47 (1983) @No $ @ @   Rabinovich A.B., Topographic eddies in the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench area, Dokl. Akad. Nauk, 277, 976-979 (1984) @No $ @ @   Kantakov G.A., Oceanographic regime of the Pacific shelf and continental slope of the northern Kuril Islands and its influence on distribution of commercial fishery targets. In: Kotenev B.N., ed. Commercial and biological studies of fishes in the Pacific waters of the Kuril Islands and adjacent areas of the Okhotsk and Bering seas in 1992-1998. VNIRO Publishing, Moscow, 54-64 (2000) @No $ @ @   Orlov A.M. and Nesin A.V., Spatial distribution, maturation, and feeding of the juvenile long-fin thornyhead Sebastolobus macrochir and short-spine thornyhead S. alascanus (Scorpaenidae) in the Pacific  waters of the northern Kurils and southeastern Kamchatka, Vopr. Ikhtiologii, 40, 56-63 (2000) @No $ @ @   Orlov A.M., Impact of eddies on spatial distributions of groundfishes along waters off the northern Kuril Islands, and southeastern Kamchatka (north Pacific Ocean), Ind. J. Mar. Sci., 32, 95-113 (2003) @No $ @ @   Orlov A.M., Tokranov A.M. and Tarasyuk S.N., Composition and dynamics of the bottom fish communities on the Pacific upper continental slope off the northern Kuril Islands and southeast Kamchatka, Vopr. Rybolovstva, , 21-45 (2000) @No $ @ @    Orlov A.M., Present state, temporal changes of composition, fishery potential and prospects of fisheries exploitation of upper bathyal fish communities of the Pacific waters off the northern Kuril Islands and  southeastern Kamchatka, Aquatic biological resources, their condition and use: Analytical and abstract information VNIERKh, , 2-34 (2004a) @No $ @ @  Orlov A.M., Quantitative changes of bottom catch compositions in the Pacific waters off the northern Kuril Islands and southeastern Kamchatka during past decades. In: Freitas C.E.C et al., eds. Fish Communities and Fisheries, Symposium Proceedings, International Congress on the Biology  of Fish (Manaus, Brazil,  August 1-5, 2004); Physiology Section, American Fisheries Society, Vancouver, 187-198 (2004b) @No $ @ @   Hoff G.R., Life history aspects of noncommercial species in the eastern Bering Sea. Alaska Fish. Sci. Center Quart. Rep., July-August-September, 19-21 (1998) @No $ @ @   Moiseev P.A., Cod and flounders of the Far East seas, Izv. TINRO, 40, 3-118 (1953) @No $ @ @    Orlov A.M., Migrations of various fish species between Asian and American waters in the North Pacific  Ocean, Aqua, J. Ichthyol. Aquat. Biol., , 109-124 (2004c) @No
<#LINE#>Aspect of Finite Element Analysis Methods for Prediction of Fatigue Crack Growth Rate<#LINE#>T.Sanjay@Purkar,Sunil@Pathak<#LINE#>85-91<#LINE#>9ISCA-RJRS-2012-035.pdf<#LINE#>Swami Vivekanand College of Engineering, Indore, MP, INDIA <#LINE#>20/1/2012<#LINE#>25/1/2012<#LINE#> An attempt is made to predict the fatigue crack path using the finite element analysis to design a body against fatigue failure. Till now consideration is taken that the fatigue failures is always straight i.e. (Straight extending crack) but in practice the cracks fond in any body deviate or extend more in a zig zag manner due to mixed mode stress produced. The change in stress state mode caused by the deviation of a crack affect the succeeding crack path and its growth rate. Because of these reasons prediction of crack path and growth rate is more important for fatigue life evaluations. The use of the finite element method enabled the subsequent tracking of deflecting crack extension. In this paper we try to demonstrate the capability and its limitations, in predicting the crack propagation trajectory and the SIF values under linear elastic fracture analysis. <#LINE#> @ @ Sih G.C., Some Basic Problems in Fracture Mechanics and New Concepts, Eng. Fracture. Mech, 5, 365 (1973) @No $ @ @ Owen D., Stress intensity factors for cracks in a plate containing a hole and in a spinning disc, Int. J. Fract, 4, 471-476 (1973) @No $ @ @ Newman J., An improved method of collocation for the stress analysis of cracked plates with various shaped boundaries, NASA TN,6376, 1-45 (1971) @No $ @ @ Murakami Y., A method of stress intensity actor calculation for the crack emanating from an arbitrarily shaped hole or the crack in the vicinity of an arbitrarily shaped hole, Trans Jap. Soc. Mech Engineering, 44, 423-32 (1978) @No $ @ @ Bowie O.L., Analysis of an infinite plate containing radial cracks originating at the boundary of an internal circular hole, Math. Phys 35, 60-71 (1956) @No $ @ @ Yan X., Cracks emanating from circular whole or square hole in rectangular plate in tension, Eng. Fracture Mech., 73, 1743-1754 (2007) @No $ @ @ Laurencin J., Delette G. and Dupeux M., An estimation of ceramic fracture at singularities by a statistical approach, J. Eur. Ceramic Soc, 28, 1-13 (2007) @No $ @ @ Kutuka M.A., Atmacab N. and Guzelbey I.H., Explicit formulation of SIF using neural networks for opening mode of fracture, Int. J. Eng. Struct, 29,(2007) @No $ @ @ Abdul-Aziz Y., Abou-bekr N. and Hamouine A., Numerical modeling of the crack tip singularity, Int. J. Mater. Sic (2007) @No $ @ @  Aour B., Rahmani O. and Nait-Abdelaziz B., A coupled FEM/BEM approach and its accuracy for solving crack problems in fracture mechanics, Int. J. Solids Struct, 44, 2523-2539 (2007) @No $ @ @ Stanislav S. and Zdenek K., Two parameter fracture mechanics, Fatigue crack behavior under mixed mode conditions, Eng. Fracture Mech, 75, 857-865 (2008) @No $ @ @ Gustavo V.G., Jaime P. and Manuel E., KI evaluation by the displacement extrapolation technique, Eng. Fract. Mech, 66, 243-255 (2000) @No $ @ @ Alshoaibi A., Hadi M. and Ariffin A., Two dimensional numerical estimation of stress intensity factors and crack propagation in linear elastic analysis, Struct. Durability Health Monit, 3, 15-28 (2007) @No $ @ @  Zienkiewicz O., Taylor R. and Zhu J., The Finite Element Method, Its Basis and Fundamental, 6thedition Baker and Taylor Books, Oxford, 752 (2005) @No $ @ @ Löhner R., Automatic unstructured grid generators. Finite Element Analysis, 25, 111-134 (1997) @No $ @ @ Chang R., Static finite element stress intensity factors for annular cracks, J. Non destruct. Evaluat, 2, 119-124 (1981) @No $ @ @ Shahani A. and Tabatabaei S., Computation of mixed mode stress intensity factors in a four point bend specimen, Applied Math, 32, 1281-1288 (2008) @No $ @ @ Pathak Sunil, Turbo charging and Oil Techniques in Light Motor Vehicles, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(1), 60-65 (2012) @No
<#LINE#>A Finite Element Approach for Analysis of a Multi Leaf Spring using CAE Tools<#LINE#>Krishan@Kumar,M.L.@Aggarwal<#LINE#>92-96<#LINE#>10ISCA-RJRS-2012-042.pdf<#LINE#>  Department of Mechanical Engineering,  YMCA University of Science and Technology, Faridabad, HR, INDIA<#LINE#>24/1/2012<#LINE#>27/1/2012<#LINE#> This work is carried out on a multi leaf spring having nine leaves used by a commercial vehicle. The finite element modelling and analysis of a multi leaf spring has been carried out. It includes two full length leaves in which one is with eyed ends and seven graduated length leaves. The material of the leaf spring is SUP9.The FE model of the leaf spring has been generated in CATIA V5 R17 and imported in ANSYS-11 for finite element analysis, which are most popular CAE tools. The FE analysis of the leaf spring has been performed by discretization of the model in infinite nodes and elements and refining them under defined boundary condition. Bending stress and deflection are the target results. A comparison of both i.e. experimental and FEA results have been done to conclude. <#LINE#> @ @  Rajendran I. and Vijayarangan S., Design and Analysis of a Composite Leaf Spring, Institute of Engineers, India, 82,180–187  @No $ @ @     Ahmad Refngah F.N., Abdullah S., Jalar A. and Chua L.B., Life Assessment of a Parabolic Spring Under Cyclic Strain Loading, European Journal of Scientific Research, 28(3), 351-363 (2009) @No $ @ @ Abdullah S., Jalar A. and Chua L.B., Life Assessment of a Parabolic Spring Under European Journal of Scientific Mouleeswaran Senthil Kumar and Vijayarangan Sabapathy, Analytical and Experimental Studies on Fatigue Life Prediction of Steel and Composite Multi-leaf Spring for Light Passenger Vehicles Using Life Data Analysis, ISSN 139213(2), 141-146 (2007) @No $ @ @ Shiva Shankar Gulur Siddaramann and Vijayarangan Sambagam, Mono Composite Leaf Spring for Light Weight Vehicle–Design, End Joint Analysis and Testing, ISSN 1392–1320 220-225( 2007) @No $ @ @ Patunkar M.M. and Dolas D.R., Modelling and Analysis of Composite Leaf Spring under the Static Load Condition by using FEA,of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, (2011) @No $ @ @ Hou J.P., Cherruault J.Y., Nairne I., and Mayer R.M., Evolution of the eyea composite leaf spring for heavy axle loads, Composite Structures, 28@No $ @ @ Aggarwal M.L., Khan R.A. and Aggarwalstress approach model for predictions of fatigue life by shot peening of EN45A spring steel, Journal of fatigue, 1845-1853 @No $ @ @  Corvi    Andrea,   A Preliminary Approach to Composite Beam Design using FEM Analysis, CompositeStructures 16, 259@No $ @ @  Yu W.J. and Kim H.C., for Automotive Suspension Leaf SpringStructures , 279-300 (1988) @No $ @ @  Aggarwal M.L. and Chawla P.S.,fatigue design of shot peenedJournal of Engineering and Materials Sciences,414-418 (2007) @No $ @ @  Arora Vinkel, Aggarwal M.L, and Bhushan Gian,  Comparative Study of CAE and Experimental Results of Leaf Springs   in Automotive  VehiclesInternational  Journal  of Engineering  Science and  Technology, 3(9), 6856-6866 @No $ @ @  Manual on design and application of leaf springs, Spring Design Manual, AEAutomotive Engineer Hs 788 (1990)  @No
@Short Communication
<#LINE#>Obtaining a high Accurate Fault Classification of Power Transformer based on Dissolved Gas Analysis using ANFIS<#LINE#>Pallavi@Patil,Vikal@Ingle<#LINE#>97- 99<#LINE#>11ISCA-RJRS-2012-017.pdf<#LINE#>  PG Department of Electronics Engg., Bapurao Deshmukh College of Engg, Sewagram, MS, INDIA <#LINE#>18/12/2011<#LINE#>28/12/2011<#LINE#> Power Transformers are a vital link in a power system. Well-being of power transformer is very much important to the reliable operation of the power system. Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) is one for the effective tool for monitoring the condition of the transformer. To interpret the DGA result multiple techniques are available.IEC codes are developed to diagnose transformer faults. But there are cases of errors and misleading judgment due to borderline and multiple faults. Methods were developed to solve this problem by using fuzzy membership functions to map the IEC codes and heuristic experience to adjust the fuzzy rule. This paper proposes a neuro-fuzzy method to perform self learning and auto rule adjustment for producing best rules. <#LINE#> @ @  Singh A. and Verma P., A review of intelligent diagnostic methods for condition assessment of insulation system in power transformers in Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis, 2008 CMD, international Conference, 1354-1357 (2008) @No $ @ @   Kelly J.J., Transformer Fault Diagnosis by dissolved gas analysis, IEEE Trans on Industry Applications, 16(4), 777-782 (1980) @No $ @ @  Hongzhong M., Zheng L. and Ju. H. Jingdong P., Diagnosis of Power Transformer Faults on Fuzzy Three Ratio Method in Power Engineering Conference, 1-456 (2005) @No $ @ @  Rogers R., IEEE and IEC Codes to interpret incipient daults in transformer, using gas in oil analysis, IEEE, Trans. on Electr. Insu.13(5), 349-354 (1978) @No $ @ @  Su Q., Lai L.L. and Austin P., A fuzzy dissolved gas analysis method for the diagnosis of diagnosis of multiple incipient fault in a transformer, IEEE Transactions on Power System, 593-598 (2000) @No $ @ @  Zhenyuan W., Yilu L. and Griffin P.J., Neural net and expert systems diagnose transformer faults, Computer Applications in Power IEEE 13, 50-55 (2000) @No $ @ @  Mofizul S., Islam T. Wu and Ledwich G., A novel fuzzy logic approach to transformer fault diagnosis Dielectric and Electrical insulation IEEE transaction on 177-186 (2000) @No $ @ @  Wang Z.Y., Liu Y.L. and Griffin P.J, A combined ANN and expert system tool for transformer fault diagnosis. Power Engineering Society Winter meeting, IEEE 12, 23-27 (2000) @No $ @ @  Duval M., New Techniques for dissolved gas in oil analysis, Electrical insulation magazine, IEEE (19) 6-15, (2003) @No $ @ @  Muhamad N.A., Phung B.T. and Blackburn T.R., Comparative study and analysis of DGA methods for mineral oil using fuzzy logic, in power engineering conference 1301-1306 (2007) @No
<#LINE#>Linkage between Cyclonic storms, Geomagnetic storms, Sunspot numbers and Climate Change<#LINE#>IndiraSudhir@Joshi,Christiana@TadipartiMary<#LINE#>100-103<#LINE#>12ISCA-RJRS-2012-029.pdf<#LINE#>  Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Dr. HomiBhabha Road Pashan, Pune-411008, MH, INDIA  @ Spicer Memorial College, Aundh, Pune, MH, INDIA <#LINE#>17/1/2012<#LINE#>22/1/2012<#LINE#> Several studies have been made using geomagnetic activity as one of the parameters principally to determine its possible effects on meteorological parameters such as atmospheric circulation, pressure changes and atmospheric electricity, seismic activity. These studies led one to believe that geomagnetic activity affects the troposphere phenomena4 . In this paper a study has been undertaken to examine the relation between the geomagnetic storm activity, cyclonic storm activity, Sunspot numbers and climate Change. <#LINE#> @ @  Gwal A.K., Jain Santosh, Panda Gopal, Gujar Y.S., Raghuwanshi Sand Vijay S.K., Study of Ionospheric perturbationsduring strong seismic activity by correlation technique using NmF2 data, Res. J. Recent Sci., 1(1), 2-9 (2012) @No $ @ @  Olson R.H., Roberts W.O. and Zerefos C.S., Solar plages and the vorticity of the Earth's atmosphere Nature, 274, 140-142 (1978) @No $ @ @   Stolov H.L. and Shapiro R.J., Investigation of the responses of the general circulation at 700mb to solar geomagnetic disturbance, J. Geophys. Res., 79(15), 2161-2170 (1974) @No $ @ @   Gerety E.J., Wallace J.M. and Zerefos S., Sunspots, Geomagnetic Indices and the weather: A cross-spectral analysis between sunspots, geomagnetic activity and global weather data, J. Atmos.Sci., 34,673-678 (1977) @No $ @ @  Soon W.H., Posmentier E.S., Baliunas S.L., Inference of Solar Irradiance Variability from Terrestrial Temperature Changes, 1880-1993: an Astrophysical Application of the Sun-Climate Connection, Astrophysical Journal,472, 891-902 (1996) @No $ @ @  Kelly P.M., Wigley T.M.L., Solar cycle length, greenhouse forcing and global climate, Nature, 360, 328-330 (1992) @No $ @ @  Landsea C.W, Hurricanes and global warming, Nature, 438 (2005) @No $ @ @   Georgieva, Bianchi and Kirov, Once again about global warming and solar activity, Memorie dell Socirta Astronomica Italiana, 76, 969 (2005b)9. Lockwood, M., Stamper, R., and Wild, M.N., A doubling of the Sun's coronal magnetic field during the past 100 years Nature, 399, 437-439 (1999) @No $ @ @  Bora Abhijit, Science communication through mass media, Res. J. Recent Sci., 1(1), 10-15 (2012) @No 
<#LINE#>Micro Finance and Risk Management for Poor in India<#LINE#>Vijender@Aggarwal,Rachna@Aggarwal,Parul@Khanna<#LINE#>104-107<#LINE#>13ISCA-RJRS-2012-031.pdf<#LINE#> MBA Department, YMCA University of Sc. and Technology, Faridabad-121006, Haryana, INDIA @  MBA Department, Institute of Management and Technology, Faridabad, Haryana, INDIA<#LINE#>17/1/2012<#LINE#>25/1/2012<#LINE#> Since independence, various governments in India have experimented with a large number of grant and subsidy based poverty alleviation programmes. These programmes were based on grant/subsidy and the credit linkage was through commercial banks only. As a result, these programmes became unsustainable, perpetuated a dependant status on the beneficiaries and depended ultimately on the govt. employees for delivery. This not only led to misuse of both credit and subsidy but banks never looked at it as a profitable and commercial activity as well. This paper stresses on improving farm level efficiency through micro financing and micro insurance in achieving their economic and social goals, which at present find have largely identified only limited success. <#LINE#> @ @   Ayayi Ayi Gavriel and SeneMaty, What Drives Micro finance Institution's Financial Sustainability, The Journal of Developing Areas,  44(1), 303-324 (2011) @No $ @ @   Nyariki Dickson M. and Size Farm, Modern Technology Adoption, and Efficiency of Small Holdings in Developing Countries: Evidence from Kenya, The Journal of Developing Areas, 45(1), 35-52 (2011) @No $ @ @   Hudon Marek, Norms and Values of the Various Micro finance Institutions, International Journal of Social Economics, 35(1/2), 35–48 (2008) @No $ @ @   Field Erica and Pande Rohini, Repayment Frequency and Default in Microfinance: Evidence from India, Journal of the European Economic Association, 6(2), 501–509 ( 2008) @No $ @ @ Megicks Philip, Mishra Atul and Lean Jonathan,Enhancing Microfinance Outreach Through Market- oriented New Service Development in Indian Regional Rural Banks, International Journal of Bank Marketing, 23(1), 107–125 (2005) @No $ @ @   Jarka Chloupkova and Christian Bjønskov, Counting in Social Capital When Easing Agricultural Credit Restraints, Journal of Microfinance, 4(1), 17-34 (2002) @No $ @ @   Anderson C.L., Locker L. and Nugent R., Microcredit, Social Capital, and Common Pool Resources, Paper presented at Constituting the Commons, The eighth Conference of the International Association for the Study of Common Property, May 31–June 4, Bloomington, Indiana, USA (2000) @No $ @ @   Barnes C., Morris G. and Gaile G., An Assessment of Clients of Micro Finance Programs in Uganda, International Journal of Economic Development1(1), 1 (1999) @No $ @ @   John F. Else, Striving for Scale and Sustainability in Microenterprise Development Programs, Journal of Microfinance, 4(1), 65-70 (2002) @No $ @ @   Sam Afrane, Impact Assessment of Microfinance Interventions in Ghana and South Africa: A Synthesis of Major Impacts and Lesson, Journal of Microfinance, 4(1), 71-80 (2002) @No $ @ @   Sriram M.S. and Upadhyayula Rajesh S., The Transfermation of Microfinance Sector in India,  Journal of Microfinance, 4(1), 89-97 (2002) @No $ @ @  Sahu Bananta K., Challenges for inclusive growth in Orissa, Performance of Agriculture and Poverty International Journal of Development Studies, 2(4), 60-70 (2010) @No $ @ @   William Burrus, Microenterprise development in United States, Journal of Microfinance, 4(1), 81-88 (2002) @No $ @ @   Elaine L. Edgcomb, What Makes for Effective Microenterprise Training, Journal of Microfinance, 4(1), 99-114 (2002) @No $ @ @   Talwar Shalini, Averting Bank Distress in International Financial system: Evolving a Comprehensive Risk Management Process The IUP Journal of Finacial Risk Management, 8(4), 37-51 (2011) @No $ @ @   Sahu Basanta  K., Challenges for Inclusive Growth in Orissa: Performance of Agriculture and Poverty, International Journal of Development Studies, 2(4), 60-70 (2010) @No
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Overview of Non-redundant Association Rule Mining<#LINE#>Neeraj@Shrivastava,Swati@LodhiSingh<#LINE#>108-112<#LINE#>14ISCA-RJRS-2012-023.pdf<#LINE#>IES, IPS Academy Indore, MP, INDIA <#LINE#>5/1/2012<#LINE#>16/1/2012<#LINE#> Sequential association rule mining is one of the possible methods to analysis of data. As conventional sequential association rule mining very often generates a huge number of association rules, of which many are redundant, it is desirable to find a solution to get rid of those unnecessary association rules, because of the complexity and temporal ordered characteristics of sequential data, current research of sequential rule mining is limited. Although several sequential association rule prediction model using either sequence constraint or temporal constraint have been proposed, none of them considered the redundancy problem in rule mining. The main purpose of this paper to propose a non redundant sequential association rule mining method proposed the Sequential Min-Max basis for concise representation of non-redundant sequential association rules. <#LINE#> @ @ Ayres J., Flannick J., Gehrke J. and Yiu T., Sequential PAttern Mining using a Bitmap Representation. Proceedings of the Eighth ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (2002) @No $ @ @ Agrawal R. and Srikant R., Fast algorithms for mining association rules in large databases, Proceedings of 20th International Conference on Very Large Databases (1994) @No $ @ @ Desikan P., Pathak N., Srivastava J. and Kumar V., Incremental page rank computation on evolving graphs. Paper presented at the Special interest tracks and posters of the 14th International Conference on World Wide Web (2005) @No $ @ @ Ganter B. and Wille R., Formal Concept Analysis: Mathematical Foundations, Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York, 10,(1999) @No $ @ @ Gaul W. and Schmidt-Thieme L., Mining Generalized Association Rules for Sequential and Path Data, Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (2001) @No $ @ @ Agrawal R., Imielinski T. and Swami A., Mining association rules between sets of items in large databases, Proceedings of the 1993 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data (1993) @No $ @ @ Agrawal R. and Srikant R., Mining sequential patterns, Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Data Engineering 1995 (1995) @No $ @ @ Ashrafi M.Z., Taniar D. and Smith K., Redundant association rules reduction techniques, International Journal of Business Intelligence and Data Mining (2007) @No $ @ @ Guo S., Liang Y., Zhang Z. and Liu W., Association Rule Retrieved from Web Log Based on Rough Set Theory. Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery, 03, (2007) @No
<#LINE#>Artificial and Natural Regeneration of the Forests of Bombay Presidency: 1838 to 1860<#LINE#>Rodrigues@Louiza<#LINE#>113-118<#LINE#>15ISCA-RJRS-2012-026.pdf<#LINE#> History Dept., Ramnarain Ruia College, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019 INDIA<#LINE#>13/1/2012<#LINE#>18/1/2012<#LINE#> Since the late eighteenth century, the Colonial government actively pursued a forest policy that facilitated rapid commercialization which led the Forest officers, timber merchants and contractors deep into the forests of India.  The British systematically and legitimately exploited forest of India for the construction of ships, railways, civic construction, military and other purpose.  The state of Bombay’s forests in the late 1830’s was highly deplorable that there was concern about supplies of timber, especially teak which were required for the Royal Navy at Bombay Dockyard for the construction of ships.. This drew the attention of the British Government in 1838 to indiscriminate destruction of the forests. In January 1840 the Bombay Government instructed Dr. Alexander Gibson, the Superintendent of the Botanical garden at Dapuri and Hewra in Poona, to make a tour of the Northern and Southern Konkan Forests.  His report confirmed the Government fears of devastation and exhaustion of these forests.  The pressure of the timber needs worked to the advantage of the development of conservation policies, which resulted in the evolution of the policy of natural resource management. This finally resulted in the establishment of the pioneering forest department in 1847 in the Bombay Presidency with Alexander Gibson as its Conservator.  The establishment of the forest department and the rules and regulations implemented by the Bombay Government  to conserve the forests of Bombay was a landmark in the history of forestry of Bombay Presidency.  For the first time in Bombay, serious effort was made towards such conservancy measures.  The paper endeavours to evaluate conservation measures undertaken by the Forest Department in Bombay Presidency under the Conservator Alexander Gibson in the period 1838 to 1860.  It will throw light on the role of the Botanical gardens of western India towards afforestation.  It is argued that the history of plantation for sustainable development was a result of colonial anxiety to meet  timber needs and  for increased revenue earnings.  Forests became more of a commercial commodity than a matter of rich biodiversity to be protected from various unwanted factors although it helped in the better regeneration of a few specific timbers such as teak.  <#LINE#> @ @ Mookerjee R., Indian Shipping, A History of the sea-borne trade and Maritime activity of the Indians from earliest times, Longman, Green and Company, Bombay,  246, (1912) @No $ @ @ Sir Dietrich B., Forestry in India, Origins and Early Developments, Natraj publishers, Dehra Dun, 36, (1897) @No $ @ @ Coplestone W.E., Bombay Forests, The Government Central Press, Bombay,  4, (1925) @No $ @ @ Money W., Superintendent of Marine to Bombay, Marine Board, 20 January 1810, Maharashtra State Archives (hereafter MSA), Public Department Diary(hereafter PDD), 283,  631 -37, (1810) @No $ @ @ Vibart J., Revenue Commissioner, Poona  to Colonel E. M. Wood, Secretary to Government, Bombay, 27 August, 1840, MSA Marine Department, (hereafter MD), 45,  273 (1841-42)6.Letter, Government of Bombay, 11 July 1849, regarding rules framed to plant trees, MSA, Revenue Department. (hereafter RD), 105, 311 (1885) @No $ @ @ 7.Stebbing E.P., The Forests of India, , John Lane, London, 119 (1922) @No $ @ @ Noltie H., The Dapuri Drawings and Alexander Gibson, Mapin, Ahmedabad,  30, (2002) @No $ @ @ Arupyoti S., Jungles, Reserves, Wildlife: A History of Forests in Assam, Wildlife Areas Development and Welfare Trust, Assam, 206 (2005) @No $ @ @ Coplestone W., op. cit., 25 @No $ @ @ Gibson A., Forest Reports of the Bombay Presidency for the years 1849 to 1850, (hereafter Bombay Forest Reports),  8  @No $ @ @ Gibson A., to the Secretary to Government, Hewra, 13 August 1857, MSA, RD, 86 , 41-44 (1857) @No $ @ @ Bombay Forest Reports,  9-11 (1849-59) @No $ @ @  MSA,  Bombay Forest Commission Report, Bombay Government Press, Bombay, , 41 (1887) @No $ @ @  Bombay Forest Report, 69 (1859-60)  @No $ @ @ Bombay Forest Report, 158 (1849-52)   @No $ @ @ Bombay Forest Report, 205 (1853-54)  @No $ @ @  Birdwood H.M., The Hill Forests of Western India, H.M.Phipson, A.W.S Millard, (eds.), The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, XII(4), Bombay, 665 (1899) @No $ @ @ Kulkarni Sharad., Forest Legislation and Tribals: Comments of Forest Policy Resolution, Economic and Political Weekly , 22(50), 2143, December 12 (1987) @No $ @ @ Forest Memorial of the people of the Thana District in the Bombay Presidency to the Marquis of Ripon, Viceroy & Governor General of India against Forest Act VII of 1878, MSA,  RD, 105, 21-22. 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