International Science Community Association Research Journal of Chemical Sciences 2231-606X 11 2 2021 06 18 Ethanol production from livestock manure: A review 7 19 EN C.U. Ameh 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria E.J. Eterigho 2 Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria A.A. Musa 3 Department of Production, Process and Utilities, Dangote Fertiliser Ltd, Lekki Free Trade Zone, Lagos State, Nigeria M. Abdullahi 4 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal Polytechnic, Bida, Nigeria Akinyele O.A. 1 Department of Agricultural and Bio-Environmental Engineering, Federal College of Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria Bamgboye A.I. 2 Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria > Review Paper 2020 8 26 2021 06 18 As a result of drastic increase in population and industrialization, the demand for biofuels globally, particularly bioethanol is incessantly increasing. Common crops like sugarcane, corn and cassava are not able to satisfy the worldwide requirement of ethanol production because of their key importance of food and feed for humans and animals. Thus, interest is shifting to animal manures and other agricultural wastes as major lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks for production of bioethanol. Agricultural wastes are abundant, renewable and cost effective. Ethanol produced from agricultural wastes, particularly animal manures might be a likely technology however the process has a number of challenges such as conveyance and handling of biomass, and effectual pre-treatment techniques for complete delignification of lignocellulosics. Proper methods of pre-treatment can increase the quantities of fermentable sugars after enzymatic hydrolysis, thus improving the whole process efficiency. Availability of lignocellulosics as alternative feedstock, and improvement of technology has resulted to the emergence of several bio-conversion methods like separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF), simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF), simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF), and consolidated bio-processing (CBP). In order to convert glucose and any other sugar to ethanol, it needs those fermentation technologies mentioned earlier to make the whole process cost effective. Those bio-conversion technologies are direct fermentation methods where biomass feed stocks are pre-treated, hydrolysed and fermented to ethanol. This review paper explains those available technologies for ethanol production from livestock manure and other major agricultural materials which include their benefits, limitations and possible effects on the environment. Copyright@ International Science Community Association