@Research Paper <#LINE#>Women Empowerment through Microfinance (SHGs): A Study of Ajmer District, Rajasthan, India<#LINE#>Saroj@Lakhawat,Shailendra@Singh Charan<#LINE#>1-6<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJSS-2015-221.pdf<#LINE#>2 1Govt. Engineering College Ajmer, INDIA @ S.P.C. Govt. College Ajmer, INDIA <#LINE#>11/9/2015<#LINE#>22/10/2015<#LINE#> In India, government has introduced a number of development programmes but most of them have neglected the women. The need for gender equality and women empowerment has been highlighted in various constitutional provisions, legal laws and conventions. The government has taken necessary initiatives to make credit - delivery system more efficient through micro-finance to strengthen and expansion of credit-institutions for the women empowerment. Micro-finance movement has helped to develop a enormous number of self help groups (SHGs) in our nation, that encourage small amount of savings as well as the reprocess of generating resources amongst the members. SHGs help to conquer exploitation as well as build assurance for the financial independence of the women. SHGs facilitate women - members to collaborate for a general aim and to achieve potency from each other to get rid of exploitation, which they are facing, in numerous form. The present work is intended to study the role of micro-finance through Self Help Groups (SHGs) in socio-economic empowerment of women. The study has been carried out in Ajmer district of Rajasthan covering a sample of 75 beneficiaries, 8 SHGs, 4 villages, and 2 blocks. <#LINE#> @ @ Ahmad M.A., Women Empowerment: Self Help Groups, Kurukshetra, ( 1999 ) @No $ @ @ Puhazhehdhi V., Evaluation Study Of SHG's :Important Finding of Evaluation Study In Tamil Nadu, Paper Presented In A Workshop, BIRD, Lucknow, (1999 ) @No $ @ @ Datta S.K. and Raman A., Can Heterogeneity And Social Cohesion Coexist in Self Help Groups : An Evidence From Group Lending In AP, India, Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 33(4), (2000) @No $ @ @ Gurumoorthy T.R., Self Help Groups Empower Rural Women, Kurukshetra, (2000) @No $ @ @ Naggayya D., Micro-Finance For Self Help Groups, Kurukshetra, (2000) @No $ @ @ arbara S. and Mahanta R., Micro Finance Through Self Help Groups And It's impact : A Case Of Rashtriya Gramina Vikas Nidhi -Credit And Saving Programme In Assam, Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 56(3) (2001) @No $ @ @ Dasgupta R., An Informal Journey Through SHG's, Indian Journal and Agricultural Economics, 56(3), ( 2001) @No $ @ @ Manimekalai M. and Rajeshwari G., Nature and Performance of Informal Self Help Groups A Case From Tamil Nadu, Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 56(3), (2001) @No $ @ @ Puhazhendhi V and Satyasai, Empowerment of Rural Poor Through SHG's, Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 56 (3), (2001) @No $ @ @ Narang Uma, Self Help Group: An Effective Approach To Women Empowerment in India, International Journal of Social Science and Interdisciplinary Research, 1, (2012) @No $ @ @ Reji, Economic Empowerment of Women Throuh Self Help Groups In Kerala, International Journal of Marketing, Financial Services and Management Research, 2( 3), (2013) @No $ @ @ Sahoo Ansuman, Self Help Group and Woman Empowerment: A study on some selected SHGs, International Journal of Business and Management Invention, 2(9) ( 2013) @No $ @ @ Eswaraiah C., Role of Self- Help Groups In Empowerment of Women: A Study In Ananthapuramu District Of Andhra Pradesh, Research Directions, 2(2), (2014) @No $ @ @ Kaur Sumanjeet, Women Empowerment Through Micro Finance: An Empirical Study Of Women Self Help Groups In Patiala District, Punjab, International Journal in Commerce, IT and Social Sciences, 2(2), (2015) @No <#LINE#>Does Job Stress play any role in Work Motivation of University Clerical Employees?<#LINE#>Ravi Shankar@Lal,A.P.@Singh<#LINE#>7-11<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJSS-2015-237.pdf<#LINE#> Dept. of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005 UP, INDIA <#LINE#>28/9/2015<#LINE#>4/1/2015<#LINE#> Employee is one of the key factors of the organization success. Organizations often attempt to satisfy and motivate their employees to gain their commitment to duty and to get their better performance. However, it is not easy for the organizations to be successful in making individual motivated for their better performance. Through this study we have tried to find out the role of job stress in work motivation of clerical employees. The study has been conducted on one of the important central universities of India, i.e., Banaras Hindu University. The university plays an important role in the higher educational area at national and international levels. The study has been taken up with special reference to clerical employees of the university. 201 clerical employees were asked on various items that measure their Job stress and Employee motivation. The objective of this study is to determine the relationship among Job stress and Employee motivation. The results were examined by using appropriate statistics. The results revealed that organizations should take some initiations to improve working conditions and make employee-friendly work-environment in workplaces and offices. This research attempts to contribute new knowledge to the existing literature pertaining to relationships between Job stress and Employees motivation with special reference to clerical employees. <#LINE#> @ @ National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Stressat Work. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, 26, 99-101, (1999) @No $ @ @ International Labour Office (ILO) and joint WHO Committee on Occupational Health, Psychosocial factors at work: Recognition and control, Occupational Safety and Health Series. 56, 81, (1986) @No $ @ @ Palmer, Stephen, Cary Cooper and Kate Thomas, A model of work stress: Counselling at Work, Winter, 5, (2004) @No $ @ @ Selye H., The stress of life. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, (1976) @No $ @ @ Kreitner R. and Kinicki A., Organizational behavior (3rd ed.), New York: Irwin, (1995) @No $ @ @ Buford J.A. Jr., Bedeian A.G. and Lindner J.R. Management in Extension (3rd ed.) Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State University Extension, (1995) @No $ @ @ Higgins J. M., The management challenge (2nd ed.), New York: Macmillan, (1994) @No $ @ @ Bedeian A.G., Management (3rd ed.), New York: Dryden Press, (1993) @No $ @ @ Dubin R., Human Relations in Administration, Prentice Hall, New Delhi, (1977) @No $ @ @ Dalton E. McFarland, Management Principles and Practice, Mcmillan New York, (1974) @No $ @ @ Robins S., Organizational Behaviour: Concepts, Controversies and Application (6th ed.), Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, (1995) @No $ @ @ Herzberg F., One more time: How do you motivate employees? Harvard Business Review, Sept-Oct. (1987) @No $ @ @ Karasek R.A., Job Demands, Job Decision Latitude, and Mental Strain: Implications for Job Redesign, Administrative Science Quarterly, 24, 285-308, (1979) @No $ @ @ Abdel-Halim A.A., Employee Affective Responses to Organizational Stress: Moderating Effects of Job Characteristics, Personnel psychology, 31, 561-579, (1978) @No $ @ @ Wallgren L.G. and Hanse, J.J., Job Characteristics, Motivators and Stress among Information Technology Consultants: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach. International journal of industrial ergonomics, 37, 51-59, (2007) @No $ @ @ Smith G.P., Motivation. In W. Tracey (ed.), Human Resources Management and Development Handbook (2nd ed.), (1994) @No $ @ @ Bowen B.E. and Radhakrishna R.B., Job Satisfaction of Agricultural Education Faculty: A Constant Phenomena, Journal of Agricultural Education, 32(2), 16-22, (1991) @No $ @ @ Kovach K.A., What motivates employees? Workers and supervisors give different answers, Business Horizons, 30, 58-65, (1987) @No <#LINE#>Evaluation of State Level Reforms under JnNURM in India<#LINE#>Doreshor@Khwairakpam<#LINE#>12-19<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJSS-2015-240.pdf<#LINE#> Institute of Urban Development Studies, Ethiopian Civil Service University Addis Ababa, Ethiopia <#LINE#>29/9/2015<#LINE#>13/10/2015<#LINE#> The Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JnNURM) was a scheme launched by government of India to improve the urban infrastructure facilities in 65 cities across country. This scheme aims to encourage the reforms in all states for better management of projects effectively and efficiently in order to sustain the projects. It is right time to evaluate JnNURM reforms at state level to learn the lesson from the first experienced for poor performing cities such as north east cities, India. The research was adopted through literature review, documents of ministry of urban development, Government of India, and National Institute of Urban Affair, Delhi. The analysis of state levels performance has been carried out and finally drawn the strategy to the states of India to ensure the effective management of JnNURM projects for better quality of life in cities and towns through JnNURM reforms implementation. The tool used for state level performance is carried out with the help of ArcGIS software. For the above statement, following objectives has been identified - i. to evaluate the performance of reforms before JnNURM scheme at state level, ii. to study the performance at state level in India, and iii. to draw a useful inference based on the states level performance to developed a strategy for poor performing state and build up capacity at state level. <#LINE#> @ @ Whilehead Z., Grascious N. and Nevel. T, From Economic Development to Local Economic Growth: Income Generating Projects in Nkayi, Zinmbabwe, The International Journal of Humanities and Social Studies, 2 (2), 27-33 (2014) @No $ @ @ Emmanuel T.S., Emmanuel T.J. and Benjamin O.A., Challenges of Local Government Financing: The Case of SEFWI Wiawso Municipal Assembly, The International Journal of Humanities and Social Studies, 3(1), 367-374 (2015) @No $ @ @ Ministry of Urban Development, Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission Overview, Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India (2005) @No $ @ @ Chetan V., Urban Issues, Reforms and Way Forward in India, Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Government of India, Working Paper, 4/2009-DEA (2009) @No $ @ @ Sivarramakrishnan K.C., The JnNURM Story, Centre for policy Research, New Delhi (2010) Singh, U.B., Revitalization Administration in India, Kalpz Publication, (2002) @No $ @ @ Nastar M., What drive the urban water regime? An analysis of water governance arrangements in Hyderabad, India, Ecology and Science, 19(2), 57 (2014) @No $ @ @ ASCI, Regional Capacity Building Hub Module 1 Urban Governance, Administrative Staff College of India, Hyderabad (2011) @No $ @ @ Md S.A. and Khan S., Assessment of Poverty Alleviation Programmes in Nagaon District of Assam, The International Journal of Humanities and Social Studies, 3(6), 260-268 (2015) @No $ @ @ Singh B., Land Transformation of Rohtak City: A Study Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques, The International Journal of Humanities and Social Studies, 2(2), 34-40 (2014) @No $ @ @ Amirullah, Public Private Partnership in Infrastructure Development of Rural Areas: Opportunities and Challenges in India, The International Journal of Humanities and Social Studies, 2(2), 1-6, (2014) @No $ @ @ NIUA, Impact of 74th Amendment Act on the Working of Urban Local Bodies, NIUA, Government of India, (2005) @No $ @ @ Ministry of Urban Development, JnNURM Reform Status Report-2012, Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, New Delhi, Available at http://jnnurm.nic.in/ (accessed on 3rd May 2013) (2012) @No <#LINE#>The Role of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar in Modern India-A study<#LINE#>D.@Sahadevudu,G. Ramesh@Babu,Y.Ramachandra@Reddy,C.@Venkateswarulu<#LINE#>20-23<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJSS-2015-253.pdf<#LINE#>History, Govt. College (M), Ananthapuramu-515001. Andhrapradesh State, INDIA @ Department of History, S.K.University, Ananthapur-515001 Andhrapradesh State, INDIA @ Department of History, S.K.University, Ananthapur-515001 Andhrapradesh State, INDIA @ Department of History, M.S.Degree College Gooty-515401.Andhrapradesh State, INDIA <#LINE#>15/10/2015<#LINE#>25/10/2015<#LINE#> Dr. Ambedkar was a freedom fighter of the truest kind, not merely dreaming of setting India force from British rule, but of transforming India into a country where freedom holds meaning for everyone. He dedicated his life for uplifting of the Dalits. Ambedkar wished social reformers to create public opinion to fight the gross inequalities in the society. It is very sad that the media in the past as well as the present has projected Ambedkar mainly as a bitter critic of the Hindu religion and a great social rebel. They have ignored Dr. Ambedkars multi-faceted personality. Here is our little effort to focus his role in Modern India. <#LINE#> @ @ Buddhism and Communism, Ambedkars speech at the closing session of the Fourth Conference of the World Fellowship of Buddhists in the State Gallery Hall in Kathmandu (Nepal) on November, (1956) @No $ @ @ B.R. Ambedkar, What Congress and Gandhi have done to the Untouchables, 135-136 (2008) @No $ @ @ B. R. Ambedkar, Annihilation of Caste, an undelivered speech written in 1936 by B. R. Ambedkar, http://ccnmtl.columbia.edu/projects/mmt/ambedkar/web/index.html (2015) @No $ @ @ Jaoul Nicolas, Learning the use of Symbolic means: Dalits, Ambedkar statues and the state in U.P., Contributions to Indian Sociology, 40(2), 175-207 @No $ @ @ S. Anand (Ed.), Annihilation of Caste: The annotated critical edition B.R. Ambedkar Introduced with the essay The Doctor and the Saint by Arundhati Roy, Navayana Publishers, New Delhi, 44 (2014) @No $ @ @ Rajasekhar Vundru, The other Father, Outlook (Weekly), Independence Day Special, 20 August, 2012, (2012) @No $ @ @ Jadhav Narendra, Ambedkar: Awakening Indias social conscience, Konark Publishers, New Delhi, 453,454,463 (2014) @No $ @ @ Badal Sarkar, Dr. B. R. Ambedkars theory of State Socialism International Research Journal of Social Sciences, 2, (2013) @No <#LINE#>A Study of A Konyak Naga Village in Sivasagar District of Assam, India<#LINE#>Partha Protim@Dutta,Ujjal Protim@Dutta<#LINE#>24-29<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJSS-2015-259.pdf<#LINE#>Tezpur University, Assam, INDIA @ Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, INDIA <#LINE#>23/10/2015<#LINE#>31/10/2015<#LINE#> Assam is a cradle of different ethnic groups. Along with the indigenous tribes and communities of Assam, a good count of migrated communities is contributing to the grandeur of greater Assamese ethnicity since time immemorial. Besides, the Assam valley being surrounded by hills, sections of many tribal groups from the hills made foothill regions and beyond their habitats from ancient times. Some of these groups were also settled by the kingdoms of the valley. One example of such settlement is that of a small group of Konyak Naga community in Sivasagar district of Assam. Even if historical evidences are not enough to confirm the accurate root or causes of their migration to Assam, their existence and endeavour to assimilate with the Assamese community is a confirmed phenomenon. They have been living in this soil and have become an inalienable part of Assam with the time. This study tries to understand the historical background of the village formation and explore the assimilation process of the village with the larger Assamese society. <#LINE#> @ @ Vashum R., Nagas Rights to Self Determination, (2000) @No $ @ @ Vedaprakash, Encyclopaedia of North East India, New Delhi; Atlantic (2007) @No $ @ @ Singh K.S., People of India Nagaland, Calcutta; Anthropological Survey of India (1994) @No $ @ @ Singh K.S., People of India Nagaland, Calcutta; Anthropological Survey of India (1994) @No $ @ @ Sharma Chandan Kumar, Relgion and Social Change Neo-Vaisnavismvis a vis The TribalGroups in the Assam Valley; Religion and Society in North East India; Ed. D. Nath; DVS Publishers; Guwahati/Delhi (2011) @No $ @ @ Buragohain Bonita, Konyak Nagahokolor Lokosanskriti; Uttar Purbanchalar. Lokosanskriti; Ed. Debojit Bora; Guwahati (2014) @No $ @ @ Vidyarthi L.P. and Rai Binay Kumar, The Tribal Culture of India; New Delhi;Concept Publishing Company (1985) @No $ @ @ Mipun Jatin, The Mishings (Miris) of Assam; New Delhi; Gyan Publication (1993) @No $ @ @ Jacob Julian, The Nagas Society, Culture and Colonial Encounter; Thailand; Thames and Hudson (1998) @No $ @ @ Buragohain Bonita, Konyak Nagahokolor Lokosanskriti; Uttar Purbanchalar. Lokosanskriti; Ed. Debojit Bora; Guwahati, (2014) @No <#LINE#>Impact of Marketing Practices Followed By Agro-Based Units on Consumer Consumption: With Special Reference to Varanasi District<#LINE#>Anuj@Gupta<#LINE#>30-36<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJSS-2015-260.pdf<#LINE#> Faculty of Commerce, B.H.U. INDIA <#LINE#>7/10/2015<#LINE#>3/11/2015<#LINE#> In the agrarian economy, the agro-based units are facing problems in their expansion from the very existence. The problem is not new in India; it has been found that from our independence we are struggling in this path. The processing of agricultural product has become a chaos in the economy. Quality, price, distribution, promotion, finance, health, government policies, managerial inefficiencies, etc. are found a big cause for the same. In this paper the researcher has targeted 200 agricultural processed products dwelling in Varanasi. This sample gives a clear cut emphasis on the thrust areas of improvement. In the paper the consumers targeted are representing both rural and urban area. 32% of respondents were of rural sector and 68% were of urban area. All the respondents are approached using one of the survey method of primary data collection, i.e., questionnaire and schedule method. These responses are classified using tables that help in clear vision of the study. This study helps in knowing the reason of poor performance of agro-based units in Varanasi. It also suggests certain aspects that help in overcoming these problems. <#LINE#> @ @ Sharma A.P., Marketing problems of small-scale industries; Quoted in Neelmegham, S. (ed.); Marketing in India Cases and Readings, Vikash Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 240 (1996) @No $ @ @ Chengappa P.G., Emerging Trends in Agro- processing in India; Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 59, (2004) @No $ @ @ Alagh Y.K., Agro-based Industrialisation in India, in Harish Nayyar and P. Ramaswami (eds) GAM (1995) @No $ @ @ Desai B.M. and N.V. Nambuoodiri, Development of Food Processing Industries: EPW, 26, (1992) @No $ @ @ Kotler P. and Others, Marketing Management, New Delhi, Prentice Hall (2012) @No $ @ @ Schiffman D., Consumer Behaviour, New Delhi, E.E.E. (2006) @No $ @ @ Kachru R.P., Agro-processing industries in India-Growth, Status and Prospects. New Delhi (2008) @No $ @ @ Iqbal B.A, Agro-based industries; Performance and Prospects, Aligarh (1981) @No $ @ @ Gite P., Marketing practices of public sector food processing industries in India(thesis) (1998) @No $ @ @ Singh A., Marketing management of SSIs in industrial estates of Varanasi district(thesis) (2010) @No $ @ @ Banerjee B., Industrial sickness in the Industries in Varanasi(thesis) (2011) @No $ @ @ Upadhyay A., Marketing practices of Dabur India Ltd(thesis) (2002) @No $ @ @ MSME Development Institute, A brief industrial profile of Varanasi district (2011) @No $ @ @ Jha S.N. and Agrawal N.K., A Case Study of the Marketing Problems of Small Industries, Management Convergence, 1(1), 67-74 (2010) @No $ @ @ Grossman N. and Cralson D., Agriculture policy in India: The role of input subsidies, USITC Executive Briefings on Trade (2011) @No $ @ @ Gupta A. and Mishra A., Problem and prospects of Varanasi Nagar Nigam in city Development. The Voice 2(3), (2015) @No $ @ @ Govt. of India, Annual Plans, Ministry of Food Processing, New Delhi (2014) @No <#LINE#>Folk Craft in the Village Kudawa of the Sinharaja Rain Forest in Sri Lanka<#LINE#>Jayantha@Amarasinghe,Dammika@Hewage<#LINE#>37-44<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJSS-2015-149.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Sinhala, University of Ruhuna, SRI LANKA @ TURIS Project, Department of Sinhala, University of Ruhuna, SRI LANKA<#LINE#>10/6/2015<#LINE#>24/10/2015<#LINE#> The village “Kudawa” lying in the Kalawāna Divisional Secretarial Division of Ratnapura District in Sri Lanka also forms the north-western boundary of Sinharāja forest which is a wet tropical evergreen forest. The major livelihood of the people of Kudawa is the small scale cultivation of tea. Even at present, however, the majority of people in this village possess talent for making various tools necessary for day-to-day activities. Some people are engaged themselves in folk handicraft by means of which they spend their leisure treating the activity as a hobby. They have the necessary knowledge of making those creative products. Sinharāja Forest surrounding the village is the major source of raw material they need to make the products. Chief raw material used to makefolk craft includes bata / bamboo (Ochlandra stridula Moon ex Thw.), wēväl (cane), Vätakeyyā / screwpine (Pandanus kaida Kurz.), dunukeyyā (Pandanus thwaitesii Martelli), Indi kola (wild date palm leaves), katukitul (Oncosperma fasciculatum Thw.) and varieties of rush. Winnowing-fans, open baskets, milk-strainers, bags, mats and baskets can be identified as main folk crafts. Though there is a market for folk craft here on account of its tourist potential the community seems to have deviated from it to a large extent by now. Though the bustling situation created with the cultivation of tea has exerted a certain amount of unfavorable influence on traditional folk craft, actually speaking the present study revealed that it is the present forest conservation law which has had a decisive and adverse impact on the community to diverge from the folk craft. Community has been forbidden to enter the forest. In consequence a great difficulty in obtaining raw material has arisen. In view of the above it can be concluded that it is primarily the prevailing forest conservation law which made the community to deviate from the traditional folk craft. <#LINE#> @ @ Zoysa N.D and Raheem R., Sinharaja a Rian Forest in Sri Lanka. Colombo: March for Conservation, Sri Lanka, 1-4 (1993) @No $ @ @ Knox, Robert, An Historical Relation of the Island of Ceylon in the East Indies, New Delhi: Asian Educational Services, India, 134-138, (2004) @No $ @ @ Knox Robert, An Historical Relation of the Island of Ceylon in the East Indies, New Delhi: Asian Educational Services, India, 138, (2004) @No $ @ @ Janawamsa, Printed edition,; summary and partial translation by H.Nevill, Taprobanian, Vol.I., parts 3 and 4, Colombo, (1864) @No $ @ @ Raghavan M.D, The kinnarayathe Tribe of Mat Weavers, Ethnological Survey of Ceylon, No 2. Spolia Zeylanica: Bulletin of the National Museum of Ceylon, 26(i), Colombo, Ceylon. (1951) @No $ @ @ Coomaraswamy Ananda K., Mediaeval Sinhalese Art, State Printing Coporation, Colombo, Sri lanka. 243-246, (1979) @No $ @ @ Rajapaksa Shyamali., Mīmurē. (published in Sinhala), S. Godage and Brothers, Colombo, Sri Lanka, (2007) @No $ @ @ Waidyasekera D.D.M., The Royal Artificers of Mangalagama and their Descendants, Stamford Lake, Colombo, Sri Lanka, (2011) @No $ @ @ Gunaratne, P (52) 11.02. 2013, Palledeniya, Petiyakanda, Kudawa, Weddagala, (2013) @No $ @ @ silin, R.K (68)01. 03. 2013, Uturuweddagala, Weddagala, (2013) @No $ @ @ Läisā, K(61) 21. 03. 2013), Petiyakanda, Kudawa, Weddagala, (2013) @No $ @ @ Rosalin, P(70) 03.09. 2013), Ketalapattala, Kudawa, Weddagala, (2013) @No $ @ @ Dayaratne, K.D (38) 11.02.2013,Kudawa, Weddagala, (2013) @No $ @ @ Piyadasa, P (54) 07.03.2013, Petiyakanda, Kudawa, Weddagala, (2013) @No $ @ @ Sirisena, R.K (66) 21. 03. 2013,Petiyakanda, Kudawa, Weddagala, (2013) @No $ @ @ Temis, P.P (74) 06.02.2013, Petiyakanda, Kudawa, Weddagala, (2013) @No $ @ @ Wijesinghe, Martin (65) 06.02.2013, 'Disituru, Kudawa, Weddagala (2013) @No @Research Article <#LINE#>Public Health Organizations and Medical Facilities in Lucknow District (India) during British Rule<#LINE#>Swati@Shastri<#LINE#>45-47<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJSS-2015-212.pdf<#LINE#> Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow-226025, INDIA <#LINE#>31/8/2015<#LINE#>22/10/2015<#LINE#> Public health usually refers to organized efforts made under the direction of medical experts for preventing disease and improving peoples health. Decades before public health moved public opinion, socio-medical activities had called for strong sanitary measures, even a sanitary despotism. When the British came to India, indigenous people were having a number of diseases, which were difficult to prevent with the limited resources at that time. In order to improve the general health of the people, the District Medical Scheme was introduced in Lucknow, in the year 1927. British government made an additional staffs and sanitary commissioners for the better care of the native people. They have introduced various public health organisations, hospitals, dispensaries, some indigenous hospitals including Ayurvedic and Unani, medical facilities and schemes within their rule in the various parts of the Lucknow districts of United Provinces. <#LINE#> @ @ Crawford D.G., A History of the IMS 1600-1913, Vol.II, W. Thacker and Co, Calcutta, 140 (1914) @No $ @ @ Uttar Pradesh District Gazetteer, State Editor- Dr. Parmanand Mishra. (Dept. of district Gazetteer. U.P. Lucknow (1989) @No $ @ @ Oudh General Department No. 1986/III 342 B 10, dated 29th June, (1892) @No $ @ @ Crawford D.G., A History of the IMS 1600-1913, Vol.II, W. Thacker and Co, Calcutta, 430 (1914) @No <#LINE#>Origin Migration and Settlement of the Chiru Tribe<#LINE#>Hosea@Thanglen<#LINE#>48-51<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJSS-2015-250.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Anthropology Manipur University, Manipur, 795003, INDIA <#LINE#>8/10/2015<#LINE#>22/10/2015<#LINE#> Chiru is one of the indigenous tribes of Manipur that has its own culture, tradition, legends, folklore, folktales, folksongs, languages, religion, beliefs etc. They show predominantly mongoloid features, and speak Chin-Kuki language of Tibeto-Burman linguistic family. The Chiru shows affinity with other kindred tribes viz. Hmar, Kom, Purum, Aimol, Koireng, Puimei, etc. The core argument of this paper is that the conspicuous issues among the contemporary tribal people of north-east India are their ethnic identity and division. Knowing and understanding the origin, oral history, and oral literature of ones own tribe is a must as it replicates the identity of the people itself. The paper is also an attempt to depict the facts about the nomenclature or the term Chiru and the related theory. This paper will also throw light about Chiru Tribe which will, hopefully, facilitate further research and study. <#LINE#> @ @ Zatung, Angam, Chiru Chong Le La Lu Rishim., 92-104 (2011) @No $ @ @ Hodson T.C., The Naga Tribes of Manipur, 2-19 (1911) @No $ @ @ Marammei, Kinthuijinang, The Ethno-History of the Chiru Tribe of Manipur, Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis. Manipur University, 35-56 (2007) @No $ @ @ Primary Census Abstract Scheduled Tribes, Manipur - Table A-11(Appendix), 1-3 (2011) @No $ @ @ Zatung, Angam, Synopsis of the Documentary Film Derkai, (2013) @No $ @ @ Hodson T.C., The Meitheis, (1975) @No $ @ @ Rumun, Benny and Rumun Partakson, The Golden Treasures of Chiru, (2012) @No $ @ @ Shakespear J, The Lushai Kuki Clans, (1912) @No <#LINE#>Facing Digital Divide: A Comparative Picture of Turkey and Bangladesh<#LINE#>Sonia@Haq<#LINE#>52-58<#LINE#>10.ISCA-IRJSS-2015-263.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Public Administration, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, BANGLADESH <#LINE#>25/10/2015<#LINE#>4/11/2015<#LINE#> Digital Divide - the catchy term refers to the gap between those people who get the benefits of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and ones who do not. The main factor is not the number of technology used or applied but rather the benefits and information generated from such. After a general discussion on the dimensions and basic facts of digital divide, this article attempts to present a picture of digital divide in different countries with a special emphasis on Turkey and Bangladesh. Some common crucial issues of digital divide which these two countries are facing have been compared. The paper then discusses the initiatives that should be taken to bridge the digital divide. The comparison aims to find out where these two countries stand in their endeavour towards bridging the gap. <#LINE#> @ @ Digital Divide http://isp.webopedia.com/TERM/D/ digital_divide.html.�, (2010) @No $ @ @ Riley T.B., E-Government, the Digital Divide and Information Sharing: Examining the Issues, Commonwealth Centre for E- Governance and Riley Information Services Inc. (2004) @No $ @ @ Lynce B.P., The Digital Divide or the Digital Connection, Firstmonday: Peer-reviewed Journal on the Internet. 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