@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Stress Inducing and Stress Reducing Foods in Children<#LINE#>Sapna@Dinesh,Kumari.S@Syama<#LINE#>1-7<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJSS-2014-92.pdf<#LINE#><#LINE#>1/5/2014<#LINE#>28/10/2014<#LINE#> Stress today is a worldwide epidemic affecting every individual regardless of age. For more than half a century stress has been of significant interest to scientists and educationists all over the world. Today in Kerala the stress related problems are increasing alarmingly among children and adults. Things that cause us stress are called stressors. Many events can be thought of as stressors. These could be academic pressure, conflicts, nutritional disorders, other health related problems etc. Diet is one area of behaviour that tends to be abused or neglected when under stress, which in turn affects our ability to cope with stress. A major problem seen today among children is eating disorder and poor food consumption pattern. The present study therefore aims in studying the diet and food consumption pattern of the children and thereby identifying the stress inducing and stress reducing foods for the children.   <#LINE#> @ @   Gomez, Occupational health and work satisfaction among Canadian women. 1, Psychol. Rep., 72(3), 811-821 (2003) @No $ @ @   Arthur C.J. and John E.H., Text book of medical physiology, Tenth edition, Saunders – WBCO. London, 215 (2002) @No $ @ @   Reaburn J.A., Krohdle M and Lau D., Social determinants in food selection, J. Am. Diet. Association., 74, 637-641 (1979) @No $ @ @   Khalid S Al-Gelban,’ Depression, anxiety and stress among Saudi adolescent school boys, ‘Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, (2004) @No $ @ @ Int. Res. J. Social Sci. International Science Congress Association  7 @No $ @ @  Misra Ranjita, Michelle Mckean, Sarah West, Tony Russo., Academic Stress Of College Students: Comparison Of Student And Faculty Perceptions, College Student Journal. June, (2000) @No $ @ @   French S.A., Story M., Neumark-Sztainer D., Fulkerson J.A. and Hannan P., Fast food restaurant use among adolescents: association's with nutrient intake, food choices and behavioral and psychosocial variables, Int J. Obesity., 25, 1823-33 (2001) @No $ @ @   Gibson S.A., Associations between energy density and macronutrient composition in the diets of pre-school children: sugars vs. starch. Int J Obesity., 24, 633-38 (2000) @No $ @ @    Ambili. G.U., Contributing factors and problems associated with overweight among rural and urban school children. Ph.D. thesis. KAU. Thrissur, (2008) @No $ @ @   Mudur G., Asia grapples with obesity epidemics, Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. World Health Organization. Geneva. BMJ., 326 (7388) , 515 (2003) @No $ @ @   Raje L.R.., Rajwade L., Kenje K., Gogare P. and Uplipi S.A., Food Habits, Nutritional intake and health of school girls in sub-urban Mumbai. IX Asian Congress of Nutrition, Nutrition goals for Asia, 23-27 February 2003. Nutrition Foundation of India, New Delhi, Abstract. 239 (2003) @No $ @ @   Kumari S. and Singh S., Nutritional status of 6-12 years belonging to scheduled caste, Indian J. Nutr. Dietet., 38, 428-430, (2001) @No $ @ @  Halmulka J., Sengar G.A. and Witkowska K., Frequency of intake and energy value of breakfast for students selected from primary schools in Warsaw, Rocz Panstaw Zakl Hig, 51, 279-290 (2000) @No $ @ @  @No 
<#LINE#>Analysis into the Factors influencing the Level of Small Scale Household Farmers’ Off-Farm Income amongst the Grape Farmers in Dodoma Tanzania<#LINE#>Christopher@LemaNicodemas<#LINE#>8-16<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJSS-2014-122.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Economics and Statistics, The University of Dodoma, P.O. Box 395, Dodoma, TANZANIA<#LINE#>30/1/May<#LINE#>3/9/2014<#LINE#> The grant aim of this study was to assess the various factors that determinethe level of small scale household farmers’ off-farm income amongst grape farmers in Dodoma. Thestudy appliedthe Tobit econometric technique in investigating the factors that may explain the households’ decision on whether or not to participate in various off-farm income generating activities, using household data collected from grape farmers in Dodoma. Due to its failure in specification tests, the study employed the use of Censored Least Absolute Deviation estimator (CLAD) which is robust to heteroskedasticity and non-normality specification problems facing the normal maximum likelihood estimations such as that of Tobit. The results indicated that the level of income amongst small scale households’ farmers from various off-farm income generating activities is significantly influenced by asset endowments where by financial assets, human capital assets and physical assets are the main assets influencing the decision where byhuman capital assetswere the main determinants. The study went further into proposing policy interventions which includesawareness campaign for off-farm work, revisiting land ownership policies, provision of loans to farmers, availability of sustainable markets, effective implementation of Kilimo Kwanza policy and improved rural infrastructure. <#LINE#> @ @ Reardon T.K., Stamoulis G. and Winters P., Promoting Farm/Non-farm Linkages for Rural Development: Case Studies from Africa and Latin America, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome (2002) @No $ @ @ Davis J.R., The rural non-farm economy, livelihoods and their diversification: Issues and options, Natural Resources Institute, Chatham (2003) @No $ @ @ Amani H.K.R., Making Agriculture Impact on Poverty in Tanzania: The Case of Non-Traditional Export Crops, Paper Presented at a Policy Dialogue for Accelerating Growth and Poverty Reduction in Tanzania, Held at ESRF, May 12, 2005, Dar es Salaam, (2005) @No $ @ @ Bright H., Davis J., Janowski M., Low A. and Pearce D., Rural Non-Farm Livelihoods in Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia and the Reform Process: A Literature Review. Natural Resources Institute Report No. 2633, World Bank (2000) @No $ @ @ Gordon A., Non-Farm Rural Livelihoods, Natural Resources Institute, Chatham (1999) @No $ @ @ Taylor D.C., The Economics of Malaysian Paddy Production and Irrigation, The Agricultural Development Council, Bangkok (1982) @No $ @ @ United Republic of Tanzania, Poverty Reduction Strategy: The Second Progress Report 2001/02, Government Printers, Dar es Salaam (2003) @No $ @ @ Ellis F., Survey article: household strategies and rural livelihood diversification, Journal of Development Studies,35(1), 1–38 (1998) @No $ @ @ Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rural non-farm income in developing countries, in The State of Food and Agriculture, Rome, FAO (1998) @No $ @ @ Babatunde R.O. and Qaim M., Off-farm Labor Market Participation in Rural Nigeria: Driving Forces and Household Access. Contributed paper for the 5th IZA/World Bank Conference: Employment and Development, May 03 – May 04, 2010, Cape Town, South Africa,(2010) @No $ @ @ Long N., Agency and Constraint, Perceptions and Practice. A theoretical position. In: (H. de Haan and N. Long 9eds), Images and Realities of Rural Life, Wageningen Perspectives on Rural Transformations. Assen: Van Gorcum, 1-20 (1997) @No $ @ @ Omiti J. and Omosa M., The Impact of HIV/AIDS on Rural Livelihoods: A Desk Review, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Republic of Kenya (2002) @No $ @ @ Barret, C.B. and Reardon, T., Asset, Activity, Income Diversification among African Agriculturists: Some Practical Issues, Project report to the USAID BASIS CRSP, (2000) @No $ @ @ Ellis F., The determinants of rural livelihood diversification in developing countries, Journal of Agricultural Economics, 51(2), 289-302 (2000) @No $ @ @ DFID, Natural Resources Systems Programme: Annual Report 1998/99. RNRKS, DFID, London (1999) @No $ @ @ Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Analysis of Livelihood Assets. Integrated Food Security phase Classification, Rome FAO (2009) @No $ @ @ Krishna, A., Active Social Capital. Oxford University Press (2003) @No $ @ @ Carney D., Drinkwater M., Rusinow T., Neefjes K., Wanamali S. and Singh N., Livelihood approaches compared: A brief comparison of the livelihoods approaches of DFID, CARE, Oxfam, and UNDP, Department of International Development (DFID), London (1999) @No $ @ @ Reardon T. and Vosti S.A., Links Between Rural Poverty and the Environment in Developing Countries: Asset Categories and Investment Poverty, World Development, 23(9), 1495-1506 (1995) @No $ @ @ Gujarati D., Basic Econometrics 3rd Edition. McGraw-Hill, New York (1995) @No $ @ @ Siegelman L. and Zeng L., Analyzing Censored and Sample-Selected Data with Tobit and Heckit Models, Political Analysis,, 167-182 (1999) @No $ @ @ De Janvry A. and Sadoulet E., Income strategies among rural households in Mexico: the role of off-farm activities, World Development,29(3), 467-480 (2001) @No $ @ @ Greene W.H., Econometric Analysis. 5th Edition, Prentice Hall (2003) @No $ @ @ Powell J., Least Absolute Deviations Estimation for the Censored Regression Model, Journal of Econometrics, 25(3), 303-25 (1984) @No $ @ @  @No 
<#LINE#>Impact of different factors on Emotional Maturity of adolescents of Coed-School<#LINE#>Anand@A.K.,Kunwar@N.,A.@Kumar<#LINE#>17-19<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJSS-2014-178.pdf<#LINE#>A.N.D.Nagar Nigam Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Kanpur, UP, INDIA @ Chandrasekhar azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, UP, INDIA @ Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow-226 025, UP, INDIA <#LINE#>14/7/2014<#LINE#>19/1/September<#LINE#> The sample consists of 220 students of IXth, Xth, XIth and XIIth class selected from the coeducational english medium schools of Kanpur district.  Out of which 110 were boys and 110 were girls.  The sample was collected by using multistage random sampling technique. Self designed socio-demographic questionnaire was used to study the socio-demographic characteristics of respondents.  Emotional maturity of the respondents was assessed by emotinal Maturity scale developed by Singh and Bhargava. The most critical time in life is during emotional maturity in adolescent years.  We learn to love, hate, fear and feel anger.  It is very important that adults influence a child's thinking and actions in a positive manner.  Many life decisions happen during the short span of adolescent emotional maturity Positive emotions include enthusiasm, joy and love.  Emotionally mature adult grows from a childhood where one successfully struggles with failure, disappointment, and a high I.Q. (intelligence, quotient) does not necessarily lead one to develop emotion all maturity; may who are born with few advantages can develop into mature well adjusted adults. Adolescence can be a time of high risk, where new found freedoms can result in decisions that drastically open up or close off life opportunities.  So family, peer group, school and society plays an important role in the emotional stability of adolescent and this comes by the emotional maturity of adolescent girls and boys.  <#LINE#> @ @  Vyas C., A Comparative Study of Anxiety, Emotional Maturity, Security-Insecurity among Adolescents of Co-Education and Unisex Education Schools. Retrieved May, 20, 2011 (2008) @No $ @ @  Morler E.E., Emotional Maturity is a conscious choice. Retrieved may 20, 2001 from http://www.morler.com/emotional maturity.pdf (2002) @No $ @ @  Singh Y. and Bhargava M., Manual for Emotional Maturity scale.  Agra : National Psychological Corporation, (1990) @No $ @ @  Nanda, P.K. and Chawla A.,  Impact of Age and family type on Emotional Maturity of Urban Adolescents.  From http://www.aiaer.net/ejournal/vol 19107/6.htm (2005) @No $ @ @  Smar D., Sanson A, Baxlee J., Edwards B. and Hayes A., Home-to-school transition for      financially disadvantaged children: summary report. Sydney: The Smith Family and Australian Institute of Family Studies, (2008) @No $ @ @  Choudhary N. and Akshay Uppal, Achievement Motivation and Emotional Maturity of Adolescents Staying at Home and Orphanages, Indian Psychological Review, 46, 27-32 (1996) @No $ @ @  Date S., Emotional maturity of male and female secondary school teachers of Dhuk district, Journal of community guidance and research, 23(1),  8-10 (2006) @No $ @ @  Gakhar S.C., Emotional maturity of students at secondary stage, self-concept and academic achievement, Journal of Indian Education, 20(1), 100-106 (2003) @No $ @ @  Chouhan V.L. and Bhatnagar Tithi, Assessing Emotional Maturity, Emotional Expression and Emotional Quotient of Adolescent Male and Female Students, Journal of Community Guidance and Research, 20, 157-167(2003) @No $ @ @  Pomerantz E.M., Altermatt E.R. and Saxon J.L., Making the grade but feeling distressed:Gender differences in academic performance and internal distress, Journal of Educational Psychology, 94(2), 396 (2002) @No $ @ @  Aleem S., Emotional stability among college youth, Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 31(1-2), 100-102 (2005) @No $ @ @  Subbarauan K. and Visvanathan G.,. A study on emotional maturity of college students, Recent Research in Science and Technology, 3, 153-155 (2011) @No $ @ @  @No 
<#LINE#>A Study of Spatial Variation of Women Health Status in Hugli District of West Bengal, India<#LINE#>Sayanti@Poddar<#LINE#>20-26<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJSS-2014-189.pdf<#LINE#> Asutosh College. 92, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata- 700026, INDIA <#LINE#>29/1/July<#LINE#>9/1/September<#LINE#> It is agreed worldwide that good health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, religion, sex, political belief and economic or social conditions. Beyond its intrinsic value for individuals, improving and protecting health is also central to overall human development and to the reduction of poverty. However, nourishment and health-care facilities that are available to women form areas of major concern in developing countries like India. In most of the parts of the country, women remain the neglected section of the society and are deprived of essentials of life that lead to deterioration in their health standards. Primacy of health sector in augmenting the development process is an undeniable fact. Yet, access to health services has continued to remain poor. The female population stands on the back foot in comparison to the males in the access to health infrastructure. Besides this, the status of maternal health condition among women is also in an alarming state in the country. As per West Bengal Human Development Report, 2010, the Hugli district in West Bengal occupies the third position in terms of gender development index and sixth in the human development ladder. Though the health infrastructure of the district is overall satisfactory, the status of women health poses serious concern. In fact, there is a great deal of inequality in the female health status at the sub-district block level. Given this scenario, it is imperative that the status of female health is explored in detail and the link between health infrastructure and female health outcome is examined at the block level. This paper seeks to run the exercise for Hugli district bringing out the intra-block regional variation. It is expected that this will enable to bring out the current sections of concern and aid in adopting necessary measures for improvement of the situation.  <#LINE#> @ @  Sen A., Many Faces of Gender Inequality, The New Republic, Nov. 9, India (2001) @No $ @ @  Seth M., Women and Development: The Indian Experience, Sage Publications, New Delhi, 32-46 (2001) @No $ @ @  Dev S.M., Inclusive Growth in India, Oxford University Press, New York, 112-118 (2010) @No $ @ @  Census of India, Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal, Director of Census Operation, West Bengal, Kolkata (2011) @No $ @ @  Nachane D.M., India Development Report 2011, Oxford University Press, New York, (2011) @No $ @ @  District Human Development Report, Hooghly District, (2010) @No $ @ @  Buitendijk S., Zeitlinemail J., Cuttini M., Langhoff-Roos J. and Bottu J., Indicators of Foetal and Infant Health Outcomes, European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of India, 56(1), 47-52 (2003) @No $ @ @  Lal S., Social Status of Women, ABD Publishers, Jaipur (2005) @No $ @ @  GOI, Bulletin on Rural Health Statistics in India, New Delhi: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (2009) @No $ @ @  Datar A., Mukherji A. and Sood N., Health Infrastructure and Immunization Coverage in Rural India, Indian Journal of Medical Research, 31-42 (2007) @No $ @ @  @No 
<#LINE#>Gender Inequality in Literacy and School Level Education in Slums of Kolkata Municipal Corporation, India<#LINE#>Swati@Mallik<#LINE#>27-33<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJSS-2014-190.pdf<#LINE#> University of Calcutta, 35, Bullygunj Circular Road, Kolkata, INDIA <#LINE#>29/7/2014<#LINE#>9/10/2014<#LINE#> Literacy is one of the prime indicators of human development. Though the total literacy rate of India shows an impressive progress since the time of independence, there exists noticeable inequality in genderwise achievement at the national, regional and local levels. Recent researchers have developed evidences showing how education can help in increasing capabilities, like freedom of participation in political and economic processes, use of modern technologies, and protection against legal, economic as well as sexual exploitation, attainment of higher social status, increase child and maternal well-being (King and Hill, 1993). Educational status of women is very important as it determines the nature of employment and earning and eventually it helps to increase the family income. Thus education of females helps to eradicate poverty to some extent. Apart from that, level of education among women leads to good health, avoid burden of general disease, control birthrate and thus, has a very important consequence in the well-being of the individual and family. The females, being the biologically weaker section of the society, are being deprived from having equal educational, occupational as well as health status than in comparison with her male counterparts. The scenario is more intense in most of the developing countries like India. Due to several socio-economic and cultural reasons like poverty, preference towards male child, early marriage of girls, unequal rates of work participation and unemployment between males and females, social and religious beliefs, absence of awareness and conservative attitude of the families, high incidence of illiteracy and gender discrimination of girl child mainly in educational front can be seen. The scenario is worst in the slum areas, which is an indispensable part of large cities in contemporary third world countries. About one third of population of Kolkata Municipal Corporation dwells in the slum areas. The present study is thus concerned with the status of gender inequality in literacy of slums in Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC), which is one of the major metropolitan cities of India.   <#LINE#> @ @  Hazra A., Gender Disparity in Education, Yajana, 53, 165-178, (2009) @No $ @ @  Census of India, Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal, Director of Census Operation, West Bengal, Kolkata, Series 30, 245-256, (2011) @No $ @ @  Slum Population, Census of India, 314-356, (2001) @No $ @ @  Addy S., Problems on Educating Women: The Indian Scenario, Kolkata, 145-150, (2010) @No $ @ @  Seth M., Women and Development, The Indian Experience, 32-46, (2001) @No $ @ @  Kolkata Development Report, 345-389, (2007) @No $ @ @  Census of India, Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal, Director of Census Operation, West Bengal, Kolkata, Series 20, 202-308 (2001) @No $ @ @  Metropolitan Kolkata: An Anthology of Socio-Economic Studies and Survey Reports of KMDA 1970-2004, Socio Economic Planning Unit, Dorectorate of Planning and Development, KMDA, 5, 134-178, (2004) @No $ @ @  India Infrastructure Report, Urban Infrastructure, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 467-489, (2006) @No $ @ @  Education for All-Global Monitoring Report, The United Nations, 34-39, (2010) @No $ @ @  @No 
<#LINE#>Extent of Empowerment of Women entrepreneurs on Social and Economic Empowerment<#LINE#>M.@Swetha,JaganMohan@ReddyM.,V.@Sudharani<#LINE#>34-37<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJSS-2014-191.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Agricultural Extension, Acharya N.G Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad-30, INDIA <#LINE#>31/7/2014<#LINE#>25/10/2014<#LINE#> Women’s  economic empowerment is the capacity to bring economic changes for themselves, now a days it is increasingly recognised as the most important factor to achieving equality between women and men. But economically strengthening women is not only a means by which to increase the economic growth, but also strenghtening women's human rights. Hence the present paper focused on to analyse Determining the factors responsible for resource mobilization, social empowerment and economic empowerment among the women entrepreneurs. Hence the present paper focused on analyzing the Social and economic empowerment of women entrepreneurs. Majority of the women entrepreneurs had medium social and economic empowerment.  <#LINE#> @ @  Puhazhendhi V and Jayaraman B., Increasing women’s participation and employment generation among rural poor: An approach through informal groups, National bank News Review, 15, 55-62 (2001) @No $ @ @  Preethi Sharma and Shashi kanta Varma., Women Empowerment through entrepreneurial activities of self help groups, Indian Research Journal of extension education, 8(1),  46-51 (2008) @No $ @ @  John G.M., Women empowerment through self help groups, Southern Economist., 47(19), 28-30 (2008) @No $ @ @  Chaitanya kumari M.S., A study on tribal women entrepreneurs in high altitude tribal zone of Andhra Pradesh, Ph.D. Thesis. Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad, India (2004) @No $ @ @  @No 
<#LINE#>Stress Environmental Disease and Status of Women in Service Sector: An Empirical Study in Assam<#LINE#>Ritumani@Haloi<#LINE#>38-41<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJSS-2014-192.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Economics, Karimganj College, Karimganj, Assam, INDIA <#LINE#>31/7/2014<#LINE#>8/10/2014<#LINE#> When the people especially women section face such situations as torture for dowry, molestation, rape, kidnapping and eve teasing, then simply it is called stress environment. It has been observed that there is continuous rise in total incidents of crime against women folk,in particular, over the years. Consequently, women and children in particular are facing psychological and behavior related problems in their daily life. Psychological problems/diseases like anxiety, fear, sadness, depression, sleeplessness and physical problems such as high blood pressure, stomach upset, muscular tension, dryness of mouth, nervous beak down  now a days  have become  serious threats in the process of sustainable development of human being. The main objectives of the study is to examine whether (i) the service sector women feel less stress in terms of  social, mental, physical, mental-physical and financial matters/areas; and (ii) the service sector women are more secure than the housewives in terms of stress environmental diseases. This paper is prepared by using both Primary and Secondary data. It is expected that the outcome of this paper will be an important document in making proper policy and to form a mechanism to extend social sustainability in the era of knowledge economy.  <#LINE#> @ @  Jhingan  M.L., Environmental Economics, Theory, Management and Policy, Virinda Publications (P) Ltd. (2010) @No $ @ @  Kashyap S.K, Goswami N. and Dutta A., Economic Empowerment of Women in the North-East Region, Issues and Challenges, (Ed), Barbhag College, Assam, India (2012) @No $ @ @  Mathur B.L., Rural Management, Jaipur, R B S A Publishers (2008) @No $ @ @  Women and Human Rights, A publication of National Seminar paper, Barnagar College, Barpeta, Assam, India (2007) @No $ @ @  Srinivasan S. and Ilango P., Occupational Health Problems of Women Migrant Workers in Thogamalai, Karur District, Tamil Nadu, India, Int. Res. J. Social Sci., (February) 2(2), 21-26(2013) @No $ @ @  Satyanarayana G., Globalisation and development of Backward areas, (Ed), New Delhi, New century Publication (2007) @No $ @ @  Purkayastha G., Environmental Economics, Theory, Problems and Solutions, New Delhi, Kalyani Publishers (2014) @No $ @ @  Waghamode R.H., Desai Bhavana and Kalyan J.L., Domestic Violence against Women: An Analysis, Int. Res. J. Social Sci., (January), 2(1), 34-37 (2013) @No $ @ @  @No 
<#LINE#>Professional Education Among; Scheduled Tribes; Socoalogical Analyesis<#LINE#>Jogin@ParashuramB.<#LINE#>42-46<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJSS-2014-193.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Sociology, Karnataka Arts College Dharwad, Karnataka, INDIA <#LINE#>1/8/2014<#LINE#>9/10/2014<#LINE#> Human Society is based on likeness as well as difference; the people of different age, sex, and individual tendencies constitute it. This dissimilarity has caused the inequality in doing things and gaining status, this is called social differentiation. India is the unique country possessing of different language, Religion, race and caste and cultural groups. Caste system is the prominent and peculiar form of social stratification found in India, fostered from the vedic varna system throughout the ages. In spite of having made sociological study of the caste by the eminent scholars of inside and outside the country still its complex nature deserves to be studied objectively. Caste, joint family and rural style of living are the bases of Indian social organization. This caste system being one of the forms of social stratification and is unique and native in its growth and development.  <#LINE#> @ @  Bharadwaj A.N., Problems of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in India, Light and Life publishers, New Delhi, 68 (1979) @No $ @ @  Abbasayalu Y.B., Impact of Higher Education Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in India, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 53 (1978) @No $ @ @  H.R.K., Bharathada Arthika Vyavasthe, Swapna Book Centre, Bangalore, 108 (2001) @No $ @ @  Rao Appu, Facilities to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in India in Universities and Colleges, U.G.O. publishers, New Delhi 74 (1982) @No $ @ @  Arvind Kumar, Tribal Development and planning, Anmol publications, New Delhi 45  (2004) @No $ @ @  Deshmukha B.A., Tribal Education,  Sonali Publication, New Delhi 76 (2004) @No $ @ @  B. Jena,   Socio-cultural   Constraints   in   Tribal   Education, Ashish Publication House, New Delhi 118 (1991) @No $ @ @  The Dharwad District census Handbook  (2004-05)@No $ @ @ India Gazetteer, Government of India, (1999) @No $ @ @  Karnatak Gazetteer, Government of Karnatak, (1999) @No $ @ @  @No 
@Research Article
<#LINE#>Women in Electoral Politics in Nagaland, India<#LINE#>Rekha@Ojha<#LINE#>47-50<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJSS-2014-182.pdf<#LINE#> Dept. of Philosophy and Comperative Religion, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, Bolpur, Birbhum West Bengal Pin- 731235, INDIA <#LINE#>20/7/2014<#LINE#>13/10/2014<#LINE#> The Nagaland is one of the smallest state of India which belong to the north eastern region.Nagaland Lok Sabha constituency is the only Lok Sabha parliamentary constituency in Nagaland state in North east India and covers the entire area of the state. It participated in its first general election in 1967 after joining the Union in 1963. The Indian National Congress (INC) and the Nagaland People's Front (NPP) are the major political parties of the state. Some other political parties that are making their presence felt include the AITC, the JD(S), and the independents. The total number of voters in Nagaland is 11,74,633, of which 5,94,572 are male and 5,80,091 are female.One of the most trying issues in electoral studies in Nagaland is the discourse of women’s exclusion from the electoral process. There is a visible trend of men dominating the political terrain across the board, whereas the participation and representation of women in politics is invisible. This result in women being outside the centers of decision-making in terms of influence and status that is available to men. Women in Nagaland have been able to strengthen their political visibility only as voters. Indian constitution grants women full political rights, equal to those of men. Women can vote, run for office and hold ministerial and higher positions. According to the Reports of the Committee on Status of Women, three main indicators can be used to assess political status of women , viz., (i) participation in the political process as voters and candidates in elections; (ii) political attitudes such as awareness, commitment and involvement in politics and autonomy in political action and behaviour; and (iii) their impact on the political process.  Naga women have successfully pushed for increased participation in many fields of activities. However, one area where their participation is conspicuously missing is in the political arena. The context of their political status remains an open question. Relative to their share in the population, they remain outsiders in politics. Even after more than four decades of statehood, Nagaland is the only state which has never had a woman MLA. This reinforces the perception that electoral politics in Nagaland continue to be dominated by men. A domination that should not really be, because of the almost equal proportion of the two genders in the population. If half of the states enfranchised population is kept out of the political structures of the state, one cannot talk of democracy.This paper contextualizes debates over the political status of women within the complex political and cultural space in Nagaland. The structural, institutional and situational barriers in the context of women’s political participation and representation are discussed.  <#LINE#> @ @  The Hindu, Calcutta, March 9, (2013) @No $ @ @  Moamenla Amer-Political status of women in Nagaland, (2010) @No $ @ @  Report on the First general election to the Nagaland Legislative Assembly, 1964, Govt of Nagaland, (2008) @No $ @ @  Statistical Report on General Elections 1964 to the Legislative Assembly of Nagaland Election Commission India, New Delhi, (2008) @No $ @ @  Toshimenla Jamir-Gender Dimensions of electoral politics in Nagaland, (2010) @No $ @ @  @No 
<#LINE#>A Comparative Analysis of Punishments Awarded in Islamic Legal System and Western Legal System<#LINE#>Muhammad@Waqas,Humdia@Qaiser<#LINE#>51-54<#LINE#>10.ISCA-IRJSS-2014-198.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Law Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, PAKISTAN @ Department of Shariah and Law, International Islamic University Islamabad, PAKISTAN <#LINE#>6/8/2014<#LINE#>20/10/2014<#LINE#> When the authority imposes something disobliging upon a person due to his unacceptable behaviour to that authority is known as punishment. Different theories of criminal behaviour or criminality have suggested justifications for imposition of punishment. The justifications for punishment are deterrence, incapacitation, retribution, or rehabilitation. The object of punishment in all legal systems is the prevention of crime in order to provide a cleaner society. However, there is remarkable difference between Islamic legal system and western legal system in imposition of punishments. The encounter between the two legal systems shows that Islamic law have certain unique features that have increased its effectives in achieving its goals as compare to its western counterpart.  <#LINE#> @ @  Hugo., Adam Bedau., Punishment Crime and the State, Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy, Retrieved 2014-4-10 from http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/legal-punishment/ #PunCriSta  (2010) @No $ @ @  McAnany and Patrick D., Justification for punishment, Grolier Multimedia Encyclopaedia Retrieved 2014-4-10  (2010) @No $ @ @  McAnany and Patrick D., Justification for punishment, Grolier Multimedia Encyclopaedia Retrieved 2014-4-10 (2010) @No $ @ @  GBT rights in Europe., In Wikipedia, Retrieved 2014-4-03, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Europe #cite_note-ILGA_2013-7  (n.d.) (2014) @No $ @ @  Saudi Arabia Crime Stats, Nation Master, Retrieved 2014-4-12, from http://www.nationmaster.com/country-info/profiles/Saudi-Arabia/Crime  (assessed 1998-2014) (2014) @No $ @ @  Nasimah. H., Ramizah W.M. and Majdah Zawawi., Punishment under the Criminal Jurisdiction of Shariah Courts of Malaysia: Issues and Prospect for Reform, Retrieved 2014-4-20, from http://www.inter-disciplinary.net/probing-the-boundaries/wp-content/ uploads /2012/12/hussinpunpaper.pdf  (n.d.) (2014) @No $ @ @  Patrick A. Langan. and David J. Levin., Recidivism of Prisoners Released In 1994, NCJ 193427, Retrieved 2014-4-12, from  http://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty= pbdetailandiid=1134 (2002) @No $ @ @  J. Venkatesan., MPs, MLAs to be disqualified on date of criminal conviction, The Hindu, (July 10, 2013) (2013) @No $ @ @  Aman L. Mcleod., Ismail K. White. and Amelia R. Gavin., Locked Ballot Box: The Impact of State Criminal Disenfranchisement Laws on African American Voting Behaviour and Implications for Reform, Va. J. Soc. Pol'y and L., 11, 8 (2003) @No $ @ @  Afindi., Majma Al- Anhar, Dar Ihya al-Turath, 1, 609, (1549) @No $ @ @  @No