@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Cross-linguistic influence in the Writing of Preliterate Low-proficiency learners<#LINE#>Meenakshi@SirigiriBarad<#LINE#>1-5<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJSS-2014-54.pdf<#LINE#> Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Technology, Gandipet Main Road,, near CBIT, Gandipet, Hyderabad, Telangana 500075, INDIA<#LINE#>20/3/2014<#LINE#>26/1/2014<#LINE#> Experience has taught us that second language acquisition (SLA) is strongly influenced by the learners’ first language (L1). Research has proven that literacy in the first language can have a positive influence on the acquisition of L2 literacy. For learners who are not literate in their native language reading and writing in English is an ordeal. This study attempts to examine the relationship between low proficiency preliterate high school level English as Second Language learners’ writing competence in L2 and the cross-linguistic influence found in their writing. Of secondary interest is the correlation to the lack of script/literacy in their L1. This is done by examining errors made by low proficiency ‘Patkar’ students in their written essays. It centers on the concept of an adequate literacy base for the writing of learners who have not experienced a tradition of literacy at home. The researcher attempts to examine and describe cross-linguistic influence in the writing of low-proficiency preliterate learners and determine how mother tongue can influence the acquisition of English. Essays written by such students were analyzed for sub-stratum transfer. Incorrect usage due to interference from their native language as well as their low levels of proficiency was observed. Some recommendations to reduce negative sub-stratum transfer in writing are made. It is suggested that teachers can provide a ‘scaffolding’ to link challenging content in academics to the cultural resources that are rich in myth and oral literature that such students bring to school. The findings of this study point at issues that should be addressed by policy makers and teachers which could lead to more inclusive classrooms enabling participation, and enhancing learning achievements of learners from various backgrounds. Thus the implications of this study can contribute towards the need for school-based ethnographic research. <#LINE#> @ @ Hudelson, The role of native language literacy in the education of language Minority children, Language Arts, 64(8), 827-841, (1987) @No $ @ @ Hakuta K., Mirror of language: the debate on bilingualism, New York: Basic Books, (1986) @No $ @ @ Larsen-Freeman, The acquisition of grammatical morphemes by adult ESL students, TESOL Quarterly,9,409-19 (1975) @No $ @ @ Anyan, Different Families, not distant cousins: Comparing Thai and English, Med Magazine, 37,(2006) @No $ @ @ Shaughnessy C., Preliterate English as a Second Language Learners: A Case Study of Somali Bantu Women, ED495960, (2006) @No $ @ @ Alsleben B., Preliterate English Learners: Refugee Camp to the U.S. Classroom, California English, (2006) @No $ @ @ Sharwoodsmith, Second Language Acquisition, Theoretical Foundations, Longman, (1994) @No $ @ @ Chomsky N., Aspects of the Theory of Syntax, Language Arts & Disciplines, MIT Press, (1965) @No $ @ @ Corder S.P., the Significance of Learners` Errors. International Review of Applied Linguistics, 5, 161-169, (1967) @No $ @ @ Odlin T., Language Transfer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, (1989) @No $ @ @ Ellis R., The Study of Second Language Acquisition, Oxford University Press ,(1994) @No $ @ @ Freire P., Pedagogy of the oppressed, New York Continuum, (1970) @No $ @ @  @No 
<#LINE#>Team Effectiveness a Key to Success - An Empirical Study Executive Summary<#LINE#>Maharani@D.<#LINE#>6-11<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJSS-2014-161.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Cooperation, Vellalar College for Women, Erode Tamilnadu, INDIA <#LINE#>1/7/2014<#LINE#>10/8/2014<#LINE#> The team work with well structured goals and objective leads to success. It can be observed in this paper that the success of the team is being determined by different factors viz., team atmosphere, Relationships among the team members, flow of communication, direction of the top management and team leaders, objectives of organisation and the team, roles of individual members in the team. Each of the above six areas are contributed by a good number of variables. They are explained under proper heads. In course of analysis each variable was divided into five for measurement purposes namely, very often, often, indifferent, rarely and very rarely. The main aim of the study was to know the effectiveness of the study team using core variables and to offer suitable suggestions for improvement. The present study is an empirical study consists of 60 samples out of 120 working employees to the tune of 50 per cent of the population. Both the Primary and secondary data collected using structured interview questionnaire from sample respondents and the reference books, journal articles, E-Books and E-Journals company websites and in person from company records has been used for the study. Simple percentages, tabular analysis, Likert’s five point scale and Kolmogorov – Smirnov One Sample Test have been used for analysis. It has been found from the scaling techniques that a highest rate of 43 per cent respondents has expressed that the team atmosphere was often comfortable, 47 per cent respondents felt that they are often having good relationship in the team 42 per cent respondents revealed that often they have an effective communication with one another in the team, a highest number of 43 per cent of respondents expressed that effective direction in the team were often being given, a good amount of 40 per cent of respondents felt that often they were aware about the team objectives and a majority of 48 per cent respondents were often concious on their role in the team. It concludes that there is some difference of opinion on effective team atmosphere, good relationships, and effective communication, and good direction, objectives in the study team and roles among the team members in the study team. It has been suggested that the team spirit must be strengthened through mutual understanding exercises, trust worthiness exercises, recognition of the team members. The importance of leadership development spirit must be nurtured among the team members. The overlapping of the team must be avoided by making boundaries and clear cut determinant of role of the team members. <#LINE#> @ @ Parvinder Gupta, What Makes a Team Work?, Management and Labour Studies, 34, 596-606 (2009) @No $ @ @ Chantal M.J.H. Savelsbergh Beatrice I.J.M. van der Heijden Rob F. Poell The Development and Empirical Validation of a Multidimensional Measurement Instrument for Team Learning Behaviors, Small Group ResearchOctober, 1(40),  578-607 (2009) @No $ @ @ Du Toit L. and Cronje S., Games Teams Play, New York, Mc Graw-Hill Publishers(1999) @No $ @ @ Kozlowski S.W.J. and Bell B.S., Work groups and teams in organizations. In W.C. Borman, D.R. Ilgen and R.J. Klimoski (Eds.), Handbook of psychology: Industrial and organizational psychology, 12, 333-375 London: Wiley (2003) @No $ @ @ Nieva V.F., Fleishman E.A. and Rieck A., Team dimensions: Their identity, their measurement and their relationships. Washington, DC: Response Analysis Corporation, Advanced Research Resources Organization(1978) @No $ @ @ Mathieu J.E., Heffner T.S., Goodwin G.F., Salas E. and Cannon-Bowers J.A., The influence of shared mental models on team process and performance, Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 273-283 (2000) @No $ @ @ Edmondson A., Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams, Administrative Science Quarterly, 44, 350-383 (1999) @No $ @ @ Gully S.M., Work teams research: Recent findings and future trends. In M. M. Beyerlein (Ed.), Work teams: Past, present and future: 25-44, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic(2000) @No $ @ @ Guzzo R.A. and Dickson, M.W., Teams in organizations: Recent research on performance and effectiveness, Annual Review of Psy,hology, 47, 307-338 (1996) @No $ @ @  @No 
<#LINE#>Level of Urbanization: An Empirical Study of North 24 Parganas<#LINE#>Sayani@Banerjee,De@Dipanwita<#LINE#>12-20<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJSS-2014-179.pdf<#LINE#>Majdia Rail Bazar High School, P.O. Majdia, Nadia, West Bengal, INDIA @ Dept. of Geography, Swami Niswambalananda Girls' College, P.O. Bhadrakali, Hooghly, West Bengal, INDIA<#LINE#>19/7/2014<#LINE#>27/8/2014<#LINE#> As the world gets increasingly urban, more than half of its population live in cities and towns. India and West Bengal too is catching up the trend. Urbanization inevitably is accompanied by some changes in the socio-economic character of the place which is going through the process of urbanization. North 24 Parganas has a long history of urbanization. The district had experienced a remarkable rate of urban growth both in terms increasing urban population and urban centres since 1951. The present study analyses the trend of urbanization and also detect the level of urbanization of the district on the basis of composite standardise values of some selected urbanity and socio-economic indicators and also focused on type of economical concentration in respect of urbanization level. Community Development (C.D) blocks have been selected as the spatial unit for present study. This article reveals that there is intra spatial disparity in the urbanization level and economic activity of the selected C.D. blocks. <#LINE#> @ @ Lampard E.E., Historical aspects of urbanization in P.M. Houser and L.E. Schnore, The Study of Urbanization, Newyork (1965) @No $ @ @ Riseman L., The Urban Process, Newyork (1964) @No $ @ @ Pred A., Urban Growth and the City-Systems in United States,282 (1980), Retrieved by May 10, 2014, from http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/2120625?uid=3738256anduid=2anduid=4andsid=21104003638001 @No $ @ @  Ramachandran R., Urbanization and Urban System in India, Oxford University Press (1989) @No $ @ @ Chand M. and Puri V.K., Regional Planning in India, Allied Publishers Limited (1982) @No $ @ @ Roychaudhuri J.R., An Introduction to Development and Regional Planning, Orient Longman Ltd. Kolkata (2001) @No $ @ @ Sarkar A., A Study of Urban Growth in West Bengal During the Period 1901-81, GeographicalReview of India, 51(4), 65-74 (1989) @No $ @ @ Sarkar A., Urbanization and City Size Distribution of West Bengal, India 1091-2001,  Indian Journal ofRegional Science,  43(1), 9-16 ( 2011) @No $ @ @ Ghosh S., Introduction to Settlement Geography, Orient Longman, 47-52, (1998) @No $ @ @ Roy B.K., Urban Growth in India and its Contemporary Relevance, Geographical Review of India, 55(1), 12-21(1993) @No $ @ @ Paul S., Urbanization A Process of Development-A Case Study of The District North 24 Pargans, Retrieved by May 07, 2013, from http//www.msacademic.net /force_ download.php?filepath,  “n.d” (2013) @No $ @ @ Paul and Chatterjee., Urbanization and Consistency Measurement A  Study on The District of North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India, Archives of Applied Science Research, 4(5), 2052-2067, (2012) , Retrieved by May 20, 2013, from http//www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com/assr-1014../AASR-2012-4-5-2052-2067   @No $ @ @ Reddy P. Ch., Impact of Urbanization and Industrialization on Migration: A Case Study of Visakhapatnam City, Geographical Review of India, 53(4), 56-64 (1991) @No $ @ @ Ramesh D., Out-Migration of Labour from Rural Areas: A Study, Kurukshetra, 55(8), 28-33 (2007) @No $ @ @  Murphy, K.M. and Welch, F., Occupational Change and Demand for Skill, 1940-1990, 83(2), 122-126, (1993) @No $ @ @ Retrieved by May 26, 2013, from http://www.jstor.org/ stable / 2117651 @No $ @ @ Casetti, E., Equilibrium Population Partitions Between Urban and Agricultural Occupations, Geographical Analysis, 12(1), 47-54 (1980) @No $ @ @ Farouk EI.E.A., Urbanization and Rural Urban Migration in Sudan, Oriental Geographer, 34 (1and2) January and July, 51-70 (1990) @No $ @ @ Narain A.K., Impact of Rural Migration of Agricultural Labourers of Bihar in Assam (A Case study of Cachar District), Kurukshetra, 60(4), 24-27 (2012) @No $ @ @ Basu S., Occupational Structure of the Urban Units in the Lower Damodar Valley, Geographical Review of India, 53(4), 19-25 (1991) @No $ @ @ Mitra A., India’s Population: Aspects of Quality and Control, II, 593-603, Abhinav Publications New Delhi (1978) @No $ @ @ Census of India, District Census Handbook, 24 Parganas, West Bengal Series, 1951, 1961, 1971, 1981 (2014) @No $ @ @ Census of India, District Census Handbook, 24 Parganas, West Bengal Series, 1991 and 2001 (2014) @No $ @ @ Int. Res. J. Social Sci.International Science Congress Association 2026, 2013, from http//www.ubplan.gov.in/docs /Handbook_2001/24Pgs(N)1.pdf (2013) @No $ @ @ Economy of 24 PGS (N) District West Bengal, Retrieved by July 04, 2013, from http//www.indianetzone.com/16 /economynorth-24-parganas.html (2013) @No $ @ @ Brief Industrial Profile of North 24 Parganas District, West Bengal, and Retrieved by June 26, 2013, from http//www. dcmsme.gov.in/dips/NORTH%2004-PARAGANAS.pdf (2013) @No $ @ @ De Barun. (Ed.), West Bengal District Gazetteers 24 Parganas, Education Department, Government of West Bengal, Bikash Bhavan, North Block, 8th Floor, Salt Lake City, Culcutta-700056 (1994) @No $ @ @ Hunter W.W., A Statistical Account of Bengal, 24 – Parganas, West Bengal District Gazetteers, Education Department, Govt. of West Bengal, Kolkata-700012 (1998) @No $ @ @ Dasgupta B. (Ed.), Urbanization Migration and Rural Change: A Study of West Bengal, A Mukherjee and Co. Pvt. Ltd., Calcutta-700073 (1988) @No $ @ @  @No 
<#LINE#>Association of Maternal Age and Low Socio-Economic Status of Women on Birth Outcome<#LINE#>Mousumi@Gogoi<#LINE#>21-27<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJSS-2014-184.pdf<#LINE#> International Institute for Population Sciences Deonar, Mumbai-400088 INDIA<#LINE#>20/7/2014<#LINE#>28/8/2014<#LINE#> Teenage pregnancy is a major public health problem showing poor socio-demographic consequences while poor socio-economic status shows the effects of weak national and local economies on health outcomes and limitation of resources which may reduce the availability of good-quality health services, including obstetric and neonatal care. The main objective of the study is to examine the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with young maternal age and poor socio-economic status of women in India. Third round of National Family Health Survey (2005-06) data has used and the eligible adolescent women were included in the analysis. Cross tabulation, chi-square test and binary logistic regression were performed to fulfil the study objective. Preliminary result shows that a young and poor woman reports more complications during pregnancy and lesser use of any health care services. Young mothers develop more perinatal complications like preterm delivery (34.5%), low weight at birth baby (27.4%), small size at birth baby (25.9%) as compared to adult mothers. There is a significant correlation found between having any complication during pregnancy and adverse birth outcome among adolescent women. Teenage pregnancy is still high privileged in India showing various health complication during pregnancy and adverse birth outcome. It is a serious matter of concern for the mother and child which need an effort to aware women about the health consequences of teenage pregnancy. <#LINE#> @ @  Xi-Kuan C., Shi W.W., Fleming N., Demissie K., Rhoads G.G. and Walker M., Teenage pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes: a large population-based retrospective cohort study, International Journal of Epidemiology, 36, 368–373 (2007) @No $ @ @ Wang C.S. and Chou P., Differing risk factors for premature birth in adolescent mothers and adult mothers, Journal of the Chinese Medical Association, 66(l 9), 511-17 (2003) @No $ @ @ Borja J.B. and Adair L.S., Assessing the net effect of young maternal age on birth weight, American Journal of Human Biology, 15(6), 733-40 (2003) @No $ @ @ International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) and macro international. National Family Health survey (NFHS-3) 2005-06: India: I. Mumbai: IIPS (2007) @No $ @ @ Chahande M.S., Jadho A.R., Wadhva S.K. and Udhade S., Study of some epidemiological factors in teenage pregnancy hospital-based case comparison study, Indian Journal of Community Medicine, , 106-109 (2002) @No $ @ @ Joshi S.N., Effect of the maternal biosocial determinants on the birth weight in a slum area of Greater Mumbai, Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 15, 121-123 (2000) @No $ @ @ Hobcraft J.N., McDonald J.W. and Rustein O.S., Demographic determinants of infant and early child mortality: A comparative analysis, Population Studies, 39 (3), 363-385 (1995) @No $ @ @ Rutstein S.K., Johnson and Gwatkin D., Poverty, health inequality and its health and demographic effects. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of Population Association of America Los Angeles, California (2000) @No $ @ @ Howard G., Anderson R.T. and Russell G., Race, socioeconomic status, and cause-specific mortality, Ann. Epidemiology, 10 (4), 214–223 (2000) @No $ @ @ Esperat C., Du F., Yan Z. and Owen D., Health behaviours of low-income pregnant minority women, Western Journal of Nursing Research, 29, 284-300 (2007) @No $ @ @ United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). Early marriage: A harmful traditional practice, New York: Author (2005) @No $ @ @ Stewart C.P., Katz S.K., LeClerq S.C., Shrestha S.R., West K.P. and Christian P., Preterm delivery but not intrauterine growth retardation is associated with young maternal age  among primiparae in rural Nepal, Maternal and Child Nutrition, 3(3), 174-185 (2007) @No $ @ @ Jain S. and Kurz K., New insights on preventing child marriage: A global analysis of factors and programs. Washington, DC: ICRW (2007) @No $ @ @ Mensch B.S., Singh S. and Casterline J.B., Trends in the timing of first marriage among men and women in the developing world. In C. B. Lloydet al. (Eds.). The changing transitions to adulthood in developing countries: Selected studies, Washington, DC: The National Academies Press (2005) @No $ @ @ United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). Early marriage: A harmful traditional practice. New York: Author (2005) @No $ @ @ Mathur S., Greene M. and Malhotra A., Too young to wed: The lives, rights and health of young married girls. Washington, DC: ICRW (2003) @No $ @ @ Rasheed S., Abdelmonem A. and Amin M., Adolescent pregnancy in Upper Egypt, International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 112 (1), 21-24 (2011) @No $ @ @ Fatusi A.O. and Hindin M.J., Adolescents and youth in developing countries: Health and development issues in context, Journal of Adolescence, 33, 499–508 (2010) @No $ @ @ Klingberg-Allvin M., Graner S., Phuc H.D., Hojer B. and Johansson A., Pregnancies and births among adolescents: A population-based prospective study in rural Vietnam, Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare1(1), 15–19 (2010) @No $ @ @ Omar K., Hasim S., Muhammad N.A., Jaffar A., Hashim S.M. and Siraj H.H., Adolescent pregnancy outcomes and risk factors in Malaysia, International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 111(3), 220-223 (2010) @No $ @ @ Nagahawatte N.T. and Goldenberg R., Poverty, Maternal Health, and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes, Annals of the New York Academy Science, 1136(1), 80-85 (2008) @No $ @ @ Talawar S. and Venkatesh G., Outcome of Teenage Pregnancy, IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 6(6), 81-83 (2013) @No $ @ @ Kramer M.S., Seguin L., Lydon J. and Goulet L., Socio-economic disparities in pregnancy outcome: Why do the poor fare so poorly, Paediatric Perinatal Epidemiology, 14(3), 194-210 (2000) @No $ @ @ Thaker R.V., Panchal M.V., Vyas R.C., Shah S.R., Shah P.T. and Deliwala K.J., Study of Feto-Maternal outcome of Teenage Pregnancy at Tertiary Care Hospital, Gujarat Medical Journal, 68 (2), 100-103 (2013) @No $ @ @  @No 
<#LINE#>The Role of ICTs in Health Communication in Slums in Kenya<#LINE#>George@Ojuondo,Tom@Kwanya<#LINE#>28-34<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJSS-2014-185.pdf<#LINE#> Maseno Universi, P.O. Box 333, Maseno Kenya, KENYA @ The Technical University of Kenya, Next to City Square Post Office, P. O. Box 52428, Nairobi, KENYA<#LINE#>22/7/2014<#LINE#>26/8/2014<#LINE#> The use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) for behaviour change communication is one of the approaches civil society in Kenya has embraced to confront the HIV/AIDS scourge. ICTs have a great potential to enable People Living with HIV (PLWHA) and other vulnerable groups such as women and the youth to respond appropriately to and participate effectively in programmes aimed at managing the impacts of the disease. This paper is focused on the actual role and potential benefits of ICTs in enhancing HIV/AIDS health communication in poorly resourced areas in Kenyan cities. Primary data for the study was collected through interviews and focus group discussions with administrators and users of ICT facilities in community HIV/AIDS project sites in Nairobi, Kenya. Additional secondary data was collected through documentary analysis of relevant literature. The collected data was analysed using content and conversation analysis. This study revealed that e-mail discussion groups, social media, the World Wide Web (WWW), radio, television and distance learning systems are some of the ICT tools which are being used in the fight against HIV/AIDS in the slums in Kenya’s cities; HIV/AIDS programmes in Kenya utilise ICT tools to enhance their prevention, education and behaviour change communication mitigations; and HIV/AIDS projects utilise ICTs to educate health workers of emerging health issues in their efforts to enhance the impact of their interventions. The use of ICTs has resulted in social change, reduction of vulnerabilities, enhanced advocacy on pertinent issues, development of supportive networks and alliances, and enhanced capacity development outcomes. The effective use of ICTs for health communication is hampered by inadequate ICT infrastructure; prohibitive costs associated with the use of ICTs, inadequate technical skills, and low awareness of the potential benefits of ICTs to support health programmes. <#LINE#> @ @ UNAIDS, Global factsheet. Available from: http://www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/epidemiology/2013/gr2013/UNAIDS_Global_Report_2013_en.pdf. Accessed 9 March 2014 (2013) @No $ @ @ National AIDS and STI Control Programme (NASCOP), The Kenya AIDS survey. Available from: http://www.nascop.or.ke/library/3d/Preliminary%20Report%20for%20Kenya%20AIDS%20indicator%20survey%202012.pdf. Accessed 9 March 2014 (2013) @No $ @ @ Driscoll L., HIV/AIDS and information and communications technology, International Development Research Council. Available from: http://www.nied.edu.na/publications/aids/HIV_ICT_FR.pdf . Accessed 25 April 2014 (2001) @No $ @ @ Kelley M.J., The response of information technology to the challenge of HIV/AIDS in higher education institutions in Africa, Ad Hoc Expert Group Meeting on the use of information and Communications Technology in Africa, Nairobi, November 19-21. Available from: http://www.aau.org/sites/default/files/hiv_aids_synthesis_report.pdf. Accessed 25 April 2014 (2006) @No $ @ @ Ashcroft L. and Watts C., ICT skills for information professionals in developing countries: perspectives from a study of the electronic information environment in Nigeria, IFLA Journal, 31(1), 6-12 (2005) @No $ @ @ Gilhoney D., The role of ICT in the response to HIV/AIDS, Presentation before ICT Against HIV/AIDS Coalition Working Group, slide 11 (Nov, 20, 2001). Available from: http://www.sdnp.undp.org/ictaids/ UNDP_ Nov20 _ict_hiv.ppt. Accessed 24 April 2014 (2001) @No $ @ @ Adeya N.C., ICTs and poverty: a literature review. Available from: http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/ public/ documents/apcity/unpan048368.pdf. Accessed 26 July 2014 (2003) @No $ @ @ Alpi K. M. and Bibel B.M., Meeting the health information needs of diverse populations, Library Trends, 53(2), 268-282 (2004) @No $ @ @ Burnham, E and Peterson E.B., Health information literacy: a library case study, Library Trends, 53(3), 422-433 (2005) @No $ @ @ Chikonzo A., Information communication technologies and the provision of information on HIV/AIDS in developing countries. Available from: http://www.utexas.edu/conferences/africa/2005/panels/chikonzo.html. Accessed 26 July 2014 (2005) @No $ @ @ Jensen M., The African Internet, a status report. Available from: http://www.weforum.org/pdf/Global_Competitiveness_ Reports/Reports/GITR_2002_2003/ICT_Africa.pdf. Accessed 24 April 2014 (2002) @No $ @ @ Holly L., Satellife, HIV/AIDS Rrelated IT programming, Presentation at ICT against HIV/AIDS Coalition Meeting. Available from: https://www.academia.edu/967781/Lisa_Forman_Both_Medium_and_Message_HIV_AIDS_information_and_communication_in_Africa_. Accessed 24 April 2014 (2003) @No $ @ @ Donohew L., Palmgreen P. and Duncan J., An activation model of information exposure, Communication Monographs, 47(November), 295-303 (1980) @No $ @ @ Christ W. and Medoff N.J., Affective state and the selective exposure to and use of television, Journal of Broadcasting,  28(1), 51-63 (1984) @No $ @ @ West R. and Turner L.H., Introducing communication theory: analysis and application, Mountain View: Mayfield (2000) @No $ @ @  @No 
<#LINE#>Impact of different Factors on Social Maturity of Adolescents of Coed-School<#LINE#>Anand@A.K.@,N.@Kunwar,A.@Kumar<#LINE#>35-37<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJSS-2014-186.pdf<#LINE#>A.N.D.Nagar Nigam Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Kanpur, UP, INDIA @ Chandrasekhar azad University of Agriculture andTechnology, Kanpur, UP, INDIA @ Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow-226 025, UP, INDIA<#LINE#>21/7/2014<#LINE#>2/9/2014<#LINE#> The sample consists of 220 students of IXth, Xth, XIth and XIIth class selected from the coeducational English medium schools of Kanpur district.  Out of which 110 were boys and 110 were girls.  The sample was collected by using multistage random sampling technique.Self designed socio-demographic questionnaire was used to study the socio-demographic characteristics of respondents.  Social maturity of the respondents was assessed by using Rao's Social Maturity scale developed by Dr Nalini Rao. Factors affecting social maturity of adolescents of co-ed schools were affected by family and peergroup in social maturity whereas co-ed school respondents were affected by personality. The boys and girls were affected by inferiority complex while 50.9% boys and 40.0% of girls were affected in social maturity by neighborhood and school. Co-ed school adolescents were given recreation as a factor in social maturity. <#LINE#> @ @ Barber B., Intrusive parenting: How psychological control affects children and Adolescents, Washington DC: American Psychological Association (2002) @No $ @ @ Bushman B. and Anderson, Media Violence and the American Public: Scientific facts versus media misinformation, American Psychologist,56, 477-489 (2001) @No $ @ @ Kaur H. and Kalaramna A., Study of interrelationship between home environment, social intelligence and socio-economic status among males and females, Journal of Human Ecology, 16, 137-140 (2004) @No $ @ @ Pushpalata Bimla Dhanda and Chandrakala Singh, Family: A predictor of social competence of preshoolers Stud, Home Comm  Sci,3(1), 63-66 (2009) @No $ @ @ Rao N. Manual for Rao’s Social Maturity Scale, Agra : National Psychological corporation (1986) @No $ @ @ Gir S., Jain P. and Lodha R., Social maturity and locus of control of high achievers and low achievers - A comparative Analysis, Recent Researches in Education and Psychology, 2(1-11), 7-10 (2006) @No $ @ @ Chand R., Social maturity among student teachers. Education: New horizons, Quarterly Journal of Education,18-25 (2007) @No $ @ @ Rap M., Mannal for Social Maturity Scale, Agra National Psychological Corporation (2006) @No $ @ @  Ramalingam P. and Mani P., Social maturity of elementary pupil teachers, Psycho-lingua, Psycho linguistic association of India, 39(2), 168-170, (2009) @No $ @ @ Mulia R.D., A comparative study of social maturity of higher secondary students in the context of their streams, sex and DIQS,  Journal of education and psychology,48 (3-4), 145-55 (1991) @No $ @ @ Jain P. and Patel A., A comparative study of social maturity of girls of working and non-working mothers, Recent researchers in Education and Psychology, 8(1 and 2), (2003) @No $ @ @  @No 
<#LINE#>Home Environment as Percieved by Adolescents of Kerala<#LINE#>Jeny@Rapheal,DeepaK@Damodaran,Varghese@PaulK<#LINE#>38-45<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJSS-2014-188.pdf<#LINE#>Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, INDIA @ Department of psychology Prajyoti Niketan College, Pudukkad, Kerala, INDIA <#LINE#>28/7/2014<#LINE#>31/1/August<#LINE#> The study which took place in the Thrissur district of Kerala state explored the psychological environment of 290 families of adolescents using Home Environment Inventory prepared by Karuna Shanker Misra. The aim of the study was to get a clear picture of how adolescents perceived their home environments. A detailed frequency table revealed the nature of distribution of various aspects of the psychological environment prevalent in the families of selected adolescents. T-test and single factor ANOVA were the main statistical tests carried out to estimate the differences in the perceived home environment of adolescents along four dimensions namely, gender, age, place of residence and the type of school studied. Gender difference was very prominent in six aspects of the perceived HE. The type of school adolescent studied exhibited a significant role in seven aspects of HE. Meanwhile age and place of residence of adolescents were significant only in two dimensions of HE namely control and permissiveness.   <#LINE#> @ @ Hendee W.R., The health of adolescents- Understanding and facilitating biological behavioral, and social development (94-1 17), San Fancisco- Jossey-Bass (1991) @No $ @ @ Jeremiah W. et al, Adolescent development as a determinant of family cohesion- A longitudinal analysis  of adolescents in the mobile youth survey, Journal of child and  family studies DOI 10.1007/s 10826-014-9966-8 (2014) @No $ @ @ Nan Chen., Kirby D. and Martha A. Bell., The role of temperament by  family environment interactions in child maladjustment. Journal of abnormal child psychology. DOI 10.1007/s 10802-014-9872-y (2014) @No $ @ @ Ritu Singh., Kusha Pant and Laitonjam Valentina, Impact Analysis- Family Structure on Social and Emotional Maturity of Adolescents,Anthropologist, 17(2), 359-365(2014) @No $ @ @ Rogers, Carl, On Becoming a Person., Boston- Houghton Mifflin (1961) @No $ @ @ Suninder Tung. and Rupan Dhillon Emotional Autonomy in Relation to Family Environment- A Gender Perspective. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology July 2006,  32(3), 201-212 (2006) @No $ @ @ Boronfenbrenner U.,The ecology of human development- Experiments by nature and design, Cambridge, MA- Harvard University Press (1979) @No $ @ @  @No 
@Research Article
<#LINE#>Myanmar under the Military Rule 1962-1988<#LINE#>ShakilaDevi@Konsam<#LINE#>46-50<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJSS-2014-173.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Political Science, Manipur University, Canchipur-795003, INDIA<#LINE#>11/7/2014<#LINE#>27/8/2014<#LINE#> The paper is an attempt to analyze the military rule in Myanmar from 1962-1988. Myanmar gained its Independent from British Empire in 1948 under Burmese Independent Army. The root of military in Myanmar has been associated with the struggle for independent. The first military rule began in 1958 and direct military rule started when Ne Win captured power through a military coup in 1962 lasted for 12 years, in the claim to save the country from disintegration. During this period there was some democratic landscape in the form of election, giving rights to the citizen to elect and to stand for election. The paper argues that democratic landscape in Myanmar was only in theory. In this paper the period from 1962-1988 is divided into two phase, the phase of direct military rule and the phase of constitutional dictatorship. The paper further tries to find out the foreign policy during military regime. <#LINE#> @ @ Tom Kramer, Ending 50 years of military rule? Prospects for peace, democracy and development in Burma, Norwegian Peace Building Research Center, NOREF Report,(2012) @No $ @ @ Neil A. Englehart, Is Regime Change Enough for Burma? The Problem of State Capacity, Asian Survey, Published by: University of California Press, 45(4), 622-644 (2005) @No $ @ @ Robert Cribb, Myanmar (Burma): History in Lynn Daniel (ed.) The Far East and Australasia, European publication London, (1999) @No $ @ @ Sonu Trivedi, Transition From Authoritarian to Democracy: A Comparative Study of Indonesia and Myanmar. Ph.D Thesis submitted to Jawaharlal Nehru, (2009) @No $ @ @ Harvey Demaine, Myanmar (Burma), the Far East and Australia , Routledge,  (2013) @No $ @ @ Fred R. von der Mehden,Burmese Way to Socialism, Asian Survey, published by University of California Press, 3(3), 129-135 (1963) @No $ @ @ Tin Maung Maung Than, Myanmar: The Dilemma of Stalled Reforms, Published by Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore, 10, (2000) @No $ @ @ Sardesai, Southeast Asia Past and Present, Vikas Publishing House, (1981) @No $ @ @ Mohinder Pal Singh, Myanmar: Militarised Democratic Landscape. scholar warrior, Spring, 72-79 (2013) @No $ @ @ Marco Bünte, Legitimacy and Efficiency of Political Systems Burma’s Transition to “Disciplined Democracy”, Abdication or Institutionalization of Military Rule? GIGA Research Programme, 177 (2011) @No $ @ @ Myanmar, The Military Regime’s View of the World, ICG Asia Report, 28, (2001) @No $ @ @ Burma (Myanmar) Country of Original Information (COI) Report, (2012) @No $ @ @ Bünte M., Burma's Transition to Disciplined Democracy: Abdication or Institutionalization of Military Rule? GIGA Working Paper Series, 177 (2011) @No $ @ @ Callahan M., Burma Soldiers as State Builders. Coercion and Governance: The Declining Political Role of the Military, Stanford University Press, 413–433 (2001) @No $ @ @ Callahan M., Making Enemies War and State Building in Burma, Cornell University Press, (2003) @No $ @ @ Christina Fink, Living Silence: Burma Under Military Rule, New York: Zeb Books, (2001) @No $ @ @ CS Kuppuswamy, Reconciliation Process Myanmar’s Ethnic Divide and Conflicts, Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies, June, Issue Brief  221, (2013) @No $ @ @ Hanna Jung and Kurt Bassuener, The Beginning of a Road? Burma/Myanmar’s Uncertain Transition, A Diplomatic Handbook for Democracy Development Support,353-388 (2008) @No $ @ @ Hnin Yi, The Political Role of the Military in Myanmar, Ritsumeikan Center for Asia Pacific Studies working Paper Series, January 17 (2014) @No $ @ @ Huang R.L., Re-thinking Myanmar's political regime: military rule in Myanmar and implications for current reforms, Contemporary Politics, 1-15 (2013) @No $ @ @ John Funston (ed), Government and Politics in Southeast Asia, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore, (2001) @No $ @ @ Janowitz M., The Military and Political Development of New Nations, The University of Chicago Press,(1964) @No $ @ @  Maung Aung Myoe, Building the Tatmadaw: Myanmar Armed Forces since 1948, Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies,(2009) @No $ @ @ Mohamad Faisol Keling, Mohamad Nasir Saludin, Otto F. von Feigenblatt, Mohd Na’eim Ajis, and Md. Shukri Shuib, A Historical Approach to Myanmar’s Democratic Process, Journal of Asia Pacific Studies, 1(2), 132-148 (2010) @No $ @ @ Myanmar’s Tryst With Quasi-Democracy, Pereira International, July (2013) @No $ @ @ Soe Myat New Politics and Ethnic Dimension of the Conflict in Burma, EPU Research Papers, 07 (2008) @No $ @ @ Tin Muang Muang Than, Myanmar Military in Charge, in John Funston(ed.) Government and Politics in Southeast Asia, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore, (2001) @No $ @ @  @No 
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Gender Sensitivity in Recruitment and retention of Workers in an Organization: A review<#LINE#>Georgina@EdeogaI.<#LINE#>51-54<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJSS-2014-171.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Human Resource Management, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, NIGERIA<#LINE#>8/7/2014<#LINE#>12/9/2014<#LINE#> This paper examined gender sensitivity in the recruitment and retention of workers in an organization. It explains key issues such as gender, gender inequality and gender sensitivity, recruitment and retention of workers in an organization. It also described the role of gender in the recruitment and retention process of organization as well as the possible causes of gender insensitivity in the recruitment and retention of workers. Finally, it proffers some recommendations to ensure a gender sensitive organization in Nigeria and the world at large. <#LINE#> @ @ Commonwealth Plan of action on Gender and Development (1995) @No $ @ @ World Health Organization, WHO, Health Topics. http://www.who.int/topics/gender/en/ (2014) @No $ @ @ Otobe N., Global economic crisis, gender and employment: The impact and policy response. Geneva,ILO, 60 (2011) @No $ @ @ Akankpo G.O. and Asa U.A., Gender role in maize production in Ini L.G.A. Akwa Ibom State. Proceeding of 40th Annual Conference of Agricultural Society of Nigeria held at Umudike, Abia State, 606-609 (2006) @No $ @ @ Van Deventer, I. and Van der Westhuizen, P. C., A shift in the way female educators perceive intrinsic barriers to promotion. South Afri. J. of Edu., 20, 235-241 (2000) @No $ @ @ Logan P.J., An educational leadership challenge: Refocusing gender equity strategies (1999) Available at www.aasa.org/publications/tap/2000summer/logan.html. Accessed 25th February, 2005 @No $ @ @ Dorsey B.J., Gender inequalities in education in the Southern African Region- Analysis of intervention strategies. Harare, UNESCO (1996) @No $ @ @ Armstrong M., A hand Book of Human Resource Management Practice. 7th Edition, Washington: Kogan page limited (1999) @No $ @ @ Snell S.A., Lepak D.P., Dean J.W. and Youndt M.A., Selection and Training: The moderating effects of job Characteristics, The J. of Manage. Studies, 37(3), 445-66 (2000) @No $ @ @ Rousseau D.M., Why workers still identify with organizations. J. of Organiz. Behavior, 19(3), 217–233 (1998) @No $ @ @ Catalyst Quick Take: Sex Discrimination and Sexual Harassment. New York: Catalyst, November 19, (2013) @No $ @ @ Milkman R., Gender at work. Urbana, University of Illinois Press, 56 (1987) @No $ @ @ Reskin B.F. and Padavic I., Supervisors as gatekeepers: Male supervisors’ response to women’s integration in plant jobs. Social Problems, 35, 536-550 (1988) @No $ @ @ Pfeffer J., New Directions for Organization Theory:Problems and Prospects. Oxford University Press (1997) @No $ @ @ Mama A., Restore, reform but do not transform: The gender politics of higher education in Africa. JHEA/RESA, , 101-125 (2003) @No $ @ @ Teferra D. and Altbach P., African higher education: An international reference handbook. Bloomington, Indiana, Indian University Press (2003) @No $ @ @ United States Agency International Development, USAID, Gender equality and female empowerment policy. Washington, DC., 28 (2012) @No $ @ @  @No 
@Case Study
<#LINE#>Tax Policy Changes and their Impact on Tax Revenue: A Case Study in Sri Lanka<#LINE#>V.@Anojan<#LINE#>55-63<#LINE#>10.ISCA-IRJSS-2014-121.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Accounting, Faculty of Management Studies and Commerce, University of Jaffna, SRI LANKA <#LINE#>28/5/2014<#LINE#>16/8/2014<#LINE#> The tax revenue is one of the major sources of income in every government. Tax policy changes play an important role in the country’s tax revenue. The main purpose of this study is to find out the impact of tax policy changes on tax revenue of Sri Lanka. Data on the tax revenue and tax policy changes were collected from the year 1990 to 2012 for this study purpose. Correlation and regression analysis were performed in this study to analyze the hypothesis of the study. The results reflect that there is significant association between tax policy changes and tax revenue of the country (P  0.01). The regression analysis confirmed that there is significant impact of tax policy changes on tax revenue of Sri Lanka furthermore the regression analysis’s R2 revealed that tax policy changes impact by 49.6% on tax revenue of the country (R = .496). According to the correlation analysis and regression analysis confirmed that the country’s tax revenue significantly impact and associate by the tax policy changes. Now a day every county is facing the economic crisis all over the world especially the number of developing countries are facing the budget deficit in every budget which is not good for the economic stability and development of Particular County. Here the tax policy changes are one of the major tools to the government to impact the tax revenue as well budget deficit as their needed. <#LINE#> @ @ Lymer A. and Oats L., Taxation: Policy and Practice. 16th ed. Birmingham: Fiscal Publications (2009) @No $ @ @ Shanmugam S., Managing self assessment - an appraisal: Tax Nasional, 1st Quarter, 30-32 (2003) @No $ @ @ Anojan V., Advanced Business Taxation: Principles and Practices. Jaffna: V.Agastina Jayamalar (2013) @No $ @ @ Central Bank of Sri Lanka, Annual Report. Sri Lanka: Central Bank of Sri Lanka and Central Bank of Sri Lanka, (2013) @No $ @ @  Economic and Social Statistics of Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka: Published by Statistics Department Central Bank of Sri Lanka (2012) @No $ @ @ Dessai M.A., Foley C.F. and Hines J.R., Foreign Direct Investment in a World of Multiple Tax, Journal of Public Economics, 88, 2727-2744 (2004) @No $ @ @ Lim D., Instability of Government Revenue and Expenditure in Less Developed Countries, World Development, 11(5), 447-450 (1983) @No $ @ @ Gober J.R. and Burns J.O., The Relationship between Tax Structures and Economic Indicators. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation,6, l-24 (1997) @No $ @ @ Mahdavi S., The level and composition of tax revenue in developing countries: Evidence from unbalanced panel  data. International Review of Economics and Finance,17,607–617 (2008) @No $ @ @ Hinrisch H.H., A general theory of tax structure change during economic development, Harvard Law School International Tax Program Development (1966) @No $ @ @ Leuthold J.H., Tax shares in developing economies: A panel study. Journal of Development Economics, 35,173185 (1991) @No $ @ @  @No