@Research Article
<#LINE#>Human Resource Management/ Development Practices and Organization’s Competitive Advantage<#LINE#>Singh@Chandra M.* ,Sharma@Sanjay <#LINE#>1-9<#LINE#>1.ISCA-RJMS-2016-016.pdf<#LINE#>Kruti Institute of Technology and Engineering, Raipur, Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekananda Technical University, Bhilai, C.G., India@Bhilai Institute of Technology, Durg, Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekananda Technical University, Bhilai, C.G., India<#LINE#>24/2/2016<#LINE#>2/5/2016<#LINE#>The cut-throat competitive world has made the importance of human resource more crucial than any other resource and thus development of human resource (HR) is key to competitive advantage for any organization. Various surveys highlight that human resource management/ development (HRM/D) practices like performance appraisal (PA), training and development (TD), knowledge management (KM), employee empowerment, employee motivation, career management, etc. applied by human resource department (HRD) are visible in organizations and are also resulting into achievement of various organizational objectives (OO) like employee skill development, employee competence, enhanced performance, organization innovativeness, organization commitment, competitive advantage (CA), higher productivity, organizational growth etc. apart from financial profits and enhanced brand image. The reason behind the study is to find association between various HRM/D tools in practice and the competitive advantage, one of the organizational objectives, gained by the organization. The paper also discusses few HRM/D tools as a factor of CA.<#LINE#>Bobillo A., Iturriaga F. and Gaite T. (2010).@Firm Performance and International Diversification: The Internal and External Competitive Advantages.@International Business Review. 19, 607–618.@Yes$Tandon A. (2015).@Press Release: University graduates not prepared for the workplace, a CareerBuilder India survey Reveals”, http://www.thecareermuse.co.in/press-release-graduate-not-prepared-workplace/. 28/07/2015.@@No$Bratton J. and Gold J. (1999).@Human Resource Management Theory and practice.@London, Macmillan Press Ltd. ISBN: 978-0-805-83862-6.@No$Robbins S. (1991).@Organizational Behaviour: Concepts, controversies, and applications.@London, Prentice Hall. ISBN-13: 978-0136406990.@Yes$Tichy N., Fombrun C. and Devanna M.A. (1982).@Strategic Human Resource.@Sloane Management Review, 23(2), 47-61.@No$Bhattacharyya D.K. (2012).@Human Resource Development, Mumbai.@Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai, India, 369.@Yes$Werner J. M. and DeSimone R.L. (2006).@Human Resource Development 4e. 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(2011).@Human Capital Enhancing HRM Systems and Frontline Employees in Australian Manufacturing SMEs.@The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 22 (12), 2522-2538.@Yes$Bhattacharjee S.B. and Bhattacharjee B. (2015).@Competitive Advantage through HRM Practices in MSMEs.@International Journal of Management and Humanities, 1(1), 15-22.@Yes$Rahman M. H. and Al-Mamun M.A. (2013).@HRM Focus on Distinctive Human Capital and Strategy of Building-Retaining Competitive Advantage.@Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 13 (11), 12-18.@Yes$Kazlauskaite R. and Buciuniene I. (2008).@The Role of Human Resources and Their Management in the Establishment of Sustainable Competitive Advantage.@Engineering Economics, 5(60), 78-84.@Yes$Wright P.M., McMahan G.C. and McWilliams A. (1993).@Human Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage:A Resource-Based Perspective.@Centre for Effective Organizattion, 1- 34@Yes$Schuler R.S. and MacMillan I.C. 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(2013).@Human Resource Planning and Competitive Advantage: Investigating the Relationship.@KASBIT Business Journal, 6, 29-37.@Yes$Obisi C. (2011).@Employee Performance Appraisal and Its Implication for Individual and Organizational Growth.@Australian Journal of Business and Management Research, 1(9), 92-97.@Yes$Beha L.S. and Looa L.H. (2013).@Human Resource Management Best Practices and Firm Performance: A Universalistic Perspective Approach.@Serbian Journal of Management, 8(2), 155-167.@Yes$MA N.B. (2011).@Human Resource Management in Function of Creating the Strategic Competitive Advantages.@International Symposium Engineering Management and Competitiveness, 93-96.@Yes$Commey V., Howard E.K. and Turkson J. K. (2014).@Assessment of Sustainable Competitive Advantage of Selected Hotels in Kumasi Using the Generic Functions of Human Resource Management Model.@The International Journal of Business and Management, 2 (11), 34-44.@Yes$Vucetic A. (2012).@Human Resources as a Competitive Advantage of Travel Agencies in Montenegro.@Turizam. 16 (2), 78-87.@Yes$Sum V. (2011).@Integrating Training in Business Strategies Means Greater Impact of Training on The Firm’s Competitiveness.@Research in Business and Economics Journal, 4, 1-19.@Yes$Saha N. and Gregar A. (2012).@Human Resource Management: As a Source of Sustained Competitive Advantage of the Firms.@10.7763/IPEDR. 46 (1), 1-5.@Yes$Vemic J. (2007).@Employee Training and Development and The Learning Organization.@Economics and Organization, 4(2), 209-216.@Yes$Wong K.Y. and Aspinwall E. (2005).@An Empirical Study of the Important Factors for Knowledge Management Adoption in The SME Sector.@Journal of Knowledge Management, 12 (3), 64-82.@Yes$Nonaka I. and Takeuchi H. (1995).@The Knowledge-Creating Company. How Japanese Companies Create the Dynamic of Innovation.@Oxford University Press. New York, USA, ISBN: 0-19-509259-4.@Yes$Zack M. (1999).@Developing a Knowledge Strategy.@California Management Review, 41 (3), 125-145.@Yes$Chuang S.H. (2004).@A Resource-Based Perspective on Knowledge Management Capability and Competitive Advantage: An Empirical Investigation.@Expert Systems with Applications, 27, 459-465.@Yes$Rahimli A. (2012).@Knowledge Management and Competitive Advantage.@Knowledge Management and Competitive Advantage, 2 (7), 37-43.@Yes$Meihami B. and Meihami H. (2014).@Knowledge Management a Way to Gain a Competitive Advantage in Firms (Evidence of Manufacturing Companies).@International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, 14, 80-91.@Yes$Englis P.D., Englis B.G., Solomon M.R., Valentine L., Bieak N. and Turner S. (2006).@Using Knowledge Management to Gain Competitive Advantage in The Textile and Apparel Value Chain: A Comparison Small And Large.@Firms: The 14th Annual High Technology Small Firms Conference. Enschede, The Netherlands, 11th-13th May. pp 1 -14.@Yes$Nguyen Q.T.N., Neck P.A. and Nguyen T.H. (2009).@The Critical Role of Knowledge Management in Achieving and Sustaining Organisational Competitive Advantage.@International Business Research, 2 (3), 3-16.@Yes$Gilani M.H.N., Zadeh M.S. and Saderi H.R. (2012).@The Role of Strategic Human Resource Management in Creation of Competitive Advantages (Case Study: A Commercial Organization in Malaysia).@International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(16), 225-238.@Yes$Chikati R. and Mpofu N. (2013).@Developing Sustainable Competitive Advantage through Knowledge Management.@International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 2 (10), 77-81.@Yes$Kamya M.T., Ntayi J.M. and Ahiauzu A. (2010).@Knowledge Management and Competitive Advantage: The Interaction Effect of Market Orientation.@African Journal of Business Management, 4 (14), 2971-2980.@Yes$Hana U. (2013).@Competitive Advantage Achievement through Innovation and Knowledge.@Journal of Competitiveness, 5 (1), 82-96.@Yes$F-Jardon C.M. and Gonzalez-Loureiro M. 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(2012).@Role of Talent Management in Sustainable Competitive Advantage: Rising to Meet Business Challenge.@Pacific Business Review International, 4 (3), 29-33.@Yes$Al-Rfou A. and Trawneh K. (2009).@Achieve Competitive Advantage through Job Motivation.@Journal of Social Sciences, 20 (2), 105-107.@Yes$Greenwood W., Will F., Wood N. and Zelano J. (2013).@Human Capital As a Contributor to Organization Competitive Advantage.@E-Leader Slovenia, 1-21.@Yes
<#LINE#>Some Strategies for Sponsored Search Advertisements (Ads) Top Position at Search Engines<#LINE#>Gangeshwer@D.K. ,Kushwaha*@Sunil <#LINE#>10-13<#LINE#>2.ISCA-RJMS-2016-017.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Mathematics, Bhilai Institute of Technology, Durg, Pin 491001, India@Department of Mathematics, Bhilai Institute of Technology, Durg, Pin 491001, India<#LINE#>24/2/2016<#LINE#>13/5/2016<#LINE#>The present article brings out Some Strategies for Sponsored Search Advertisements (Ads) Top Position at Search Engines. The idea of present paper came to existence due to Raju and Subbaro where as they have mentioned that despite of enormous commercial important of online ads, there has been little work done to clarity the basis for ranking and displaying them. Also, there are numerous papers on search engine marketing related concepts, but most of the papers show that the statistical or mathematical models (or techniques) such as Bayesian modeling, Markov Chain, Monte Carlo methods etc. These models are somewhat difficult to understand by advertisers, businessmen, retailers, and practitioners. Therefore, the present paper shows the simple and easy way to understand about the dynamic behavior of Sponsored Search Ads Top Position system at Search Engines.<#LINE#>Agrawal D., Agrawal R.P., Singh J.B. and Tripathi S.P. (2012).@E-commerce: True Indian Picture.@Journal of Advances in IT, 3(4), 250-257.@Yes$Baichun Xiao, Wei Yang and Jun Li (2009).@Optimal reserve price for the generalized second-price auction in sponsored search advertising.@Journal of electronic Commerce Research, 10(3), 114-129.@Yes$Benjamin Edelmana and Michael Ostrovskyb (2007).@Strategic bidder behavior in sponsored search auctions.@Decision Support Systems, 43(1), 192–198.@Yes$Anindya G. and Sha Y. (2009).@Empirical analysis of search engine advertising: sponsored search in electronic markets.@Management Science, 55(10), 1605-1622.@Yes$Kinshuk Jerath, Liye Ma and Young-Hoon Park (2014).@Consumer Click Behavior at a Search Engine: The Role of Keyword Popularity.@Journal of Marketing Research, 51(4), 480-486.@Yes$Animesh Animesh, Siva Viswanathan and Ritu Agrawal (2010).@Competing “Creatively” in Sponsored Search Markets: The Effect of Rank, Differentiation Strategy, and Competition on Performance.@Information Systems Research, 22(1), 153–169.@Yes$Varian H. (2007).@Position auctions.@International Journal of Industrial Organization, 25, 1163-1178.@Yes$Kinshuk Jerath, Liye Ma, and Young-Hoon Park (2014).@Consumer Click Behavior at a Search Engine: The Role of Keyword Popularity.@Journal of Marketing Research 51(4), 480-486.@Yes$Carlos Rodríguez (2012).@How to Get a Higher Ad Position in Adwords without Increasing Bids.@White Shark Media, USA. http://blog.whitesharkmedia.com /how-get-higher-ranking-without-increasing-bids.@Yes$Jansen B.J. and Mullen T. (2008).@Sponsored search: an overview of the concept, history, and technology.@International Journal of Electronic Business, 6(2), 114–13.@Yes$Thompson S.H. Teo (2005).@Usage and effectiveness of online marketing tools among Business-to-Consumer (B2C) firms in Singapore.@International Journal of Information Management, 25(3), 203–213.@Yes$Bernad and Tracy (2008).@Sponsored search: an overview of the concept, history, and technology.@International Journal of Electronic Business, 6(2), 114.131.@Yes
<#LINE#>Possible Effect of a Common Currency on Nigerian Economic Sustainable Development<#LINE#>Oyinlola M.@Akinyede <#LINE#>14-20<#LINE#>3.ISCA-RJMS-2016-039.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Financial Studies, Redeemer\'s University, PMB 230, EDE, Osun, Nigeria<#LINE#>15/3/2016<#LINE#>20/5/2016<#LINE#>ECOWAS single currency ‘ECO’ is to be launched in year 2020 by five out of fifteen countries. A major problem to international business all over the world is identified to be currencies and the risk associated with currencies. The cost of doing business is high; transaction is difficult because sometimes the currencies involved in the business are not available. The objective of the study is to evaluate the viability of a monetary union on sustainable economic development. The study used descriptive explanatory survey design which involves the use of questionnaire. The population included 270 staff that have spent not less than five (5) years in the foreign exchange department and/ or the treasury department of twenty (20) banks in Nigeria out of the twenty one banks as at October 2013. The results showed that common currency had a positive impact on sustainable economic development (r = 0.193, p = 0.004). The study concluded that a common currency would improve bilateral trade because countries in the currency zone would not be engaged in exchange rates fluctuations and it will be easier to move monies from one country to the other in the zone without being scared of diversity in exchange values. The study recommended that regional trade policies should be made known to the general public as this will improve bilateral trade within ECOWAS community, the community should ensure equal pay and equal right for work of equal value, members should be encouraged to deal more with their local currencies instead of dollar as this will help improve trade in the region. It was also recommended that the community to address most of the issues of internal and external shocks before the commencement of common currency.<#LINE#>Agyapong D. and Adam A.M. (2012).@Exchange Rate Behaviour: Implication for West African Monetary Zone.@International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, 2(4), 215-228.@Yes$BC Ross - Larson (2010).@Assessing Regional Integration in Africa.@Economic Commission for Africa, Payment Systems and Intra- African Trade.@Yes$Freetown (2008).@Review of ECOWAS exchange rate mechanism.@Online at http://www.amao-wama.org/fr/Publications/Mecanisme%20de%20change%20en.pdf.@No$Clark and John O.E. (1999).@Dictionary of banking and financial terms.@Prospect Media, Sydney, 352.@No$Szebeni K. (2009).@The effect of common currencies on trade.@Online at http://uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/ handle/10500/1155/Dissertation.PDF?sequence=1.@No$De Grauwe P (2003).@The Economics of monetary integration.@Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York, 5th ed.@Yes$Mundell R. (1961).@A Theory of Optimum Currency Area.@American Economic Review, 51, 509-517@Yes$Jimoh M.A. (2010).@Exploring the Role of Higher Education in Capacity Building and Sustainable Developement in Nigeria.@East Africa Journal of Educational Research and Policy, 4.@Yes$Ion R.A. (2011).@Monitoring sustainable agricultural development in Romania.@Review of International Comparative Management, 12(5), 940-947.@Yes$Zhang P. and London K. (2013).@Towards an internationalized sustainable industrial competitiveness model.@Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal, 23(2), 95-113.@Yes$Pearce D., A. Markandya and E.B. Barbier (1989).@Blueprint for a Green Economy.@Earthscan Publications Ltd., London.@Yes$Stiglitz J.E., Sen A. and Fitoussi J.P. (2010).@Mismeasuring our lives: Why GDP doesn@The New Press.@Yes$Van Rompuy H. (2012).@Towards a genuine economic and monetary union.@European Council. Brüssel, 5.@Yes$Alesina A., Barro R. and Tenreyro S. (2002).@Optimal Currency Areas.@Harvard Institute of Economic Research Working Papers 1958, Harvard - Institute of Economic Research.@Yes$Nitsch V. (2005).@Have a break, have a national currency: when do monetary unions fall apart?.@P. De Grauwe and J. M´elitz (eds), Prospects for monetary unions after the Euro, The MIT Press, Cesifo Seminar Series, 319-345.@Yes$Rose A. (2007).@Checking out: exits from currency unions.@Journal of Financial Transformation, 19, 121-128.@Yes$Farvaque E., Hammadou H. and Stanek P. (2011).@Selecting your inflation targeters: Background and performance of monetary policy committee members.@German Economic Review, 12(2), 223-238.@Yes$Kazandziska M. (2013).@Macroeconomic policy regimes in emerging market candidates for a currency union: the case of Latvia.@Working Paper, No. 21/ 2013.) www.ipe-berlin.org/fileadmin/...paper/ipe_working_paper_21.pdf@Yes$Oshikoya T.W. and Tarawalie A.B. (2010).@Sustainability of Fiscal Policy: The West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ) Experience.@West African Monetary Institute, 9, 2.@Yes
<#LINE#>The Art of How Not to Govern a University Well: Reflecting on the Role of Vice Chanceellors of the Public Universities in Ghana<#LINE#>Iddirisu@Andani Mu-Azu,Paul@Alhassan Nabila <#LINE#>21-27<#LINE#>4.ISCA-RJMS-2016-044.pdf<#LINE#>Research Scholar, Department of Mass Communication and Journalism, Mangalore University, India@Main Regisyry-University for Development Studies, Ghana<#LINE#>25/3/2016<#LINE#>18/5/2016<#LINE#>The Art of How Not to Govern a University well is an exploratory and evaluative work of the ills plaguing many universities. These ills manifest themselves mostly in misplaced use of power over colleagues. The study focuses on the expected roles of chairmen of councils, vice-chancellors and registrars. Chancellors are left out merely because their roles are ceremonial in nature and incumbents seldom delve into day to day administrative matters until and unless there is a looming crisis. The evaluation emphasizes the need for proper use of discretionary power and a commitment to work with the statutes and committees designed to mobilize the finest ideas for collective decision-making processes in universities. The work also looks at the expected qualities of these key players in the lives of universities and how a commitment to leadership by example can instill discipline and order in the intellectual, research and social engagements of universities as communities of scholars. Besides observations, the study relied on literature review (Desk study). The study concludes that, respect for senior academics and professional non-teaching staff builds teams that protect and defend internal and external intrusions into academic pursuits and autonomy.  Such license promotes the search, dissemination and defense of the truth.  The work stresses the usefulness of academic freedom in speaking about anything and dealing fairly, firmly and calmly with problems which have potential to malign university managers and dent the images of scholastic institutions within the international community.<#LINE#>Kerr C.  (1966).@The Uses of the University.@Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard.@Yes$Ojo J.D. (1987).@Law and University Administration in Nigeria.@Lagos, Malhouse Press.@Yes$Armstrong M. (1994).@How to Be an Even Better Manager: a complete AZ of proven techniques and essential skills.@Kogan Page.@Yes$Daniel E. (1999).@Mr. Registrar:  The Making of an Amanuensis.@Accra, Woeli Publishing.@Yes$Roseman E. (1977).@Confronting Non promotability:  How to Manage a Stalled Career.@New Services.@No$Bogue E.G. (1985).@The Enemies of Leadership: Lessons for Leaders in Education Bloomington.@Indiana, Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation.@No$Greenleaf R.K. (1977).@Servant Leadership.@New York, Panalist Press.@Yes$Cleveland H. (1972).@The Future Executive.@New York, Harper and Row.@Yes$Walker D.  (1981).@The President as Ethical Leader of the Campus.@Professional Ethics the University Administration, ed R. H. Stein et all, San Francisco, Jossey – Bass.@Yes$Hedde W.G., Brigance W.N. and Powell V.M. (1969).@The New American Speech.@New York, J.B. Lippincott Company.@No$Peter L.J. (1972).@The Peter Principle. London, Allen and Unwin.@Publishers, University Press.@Yes$Lank E.  (1999).@The First is Knowing Who Knows What.@Human Resources, November, Limited.@Yes$Kerr S. (1975).@On the Folly of Rewarding A, while Hoping for B.@ACAD MANAGE J, 18(4), 769-783.@Yes$Mintzberg H. (1973).@The Nature of Managerial Work.@New York, Harper and Row.@Yes$Addae- Mensah I. (2000).@Education in Ghana: A Tool for Social Mobility or Stratification.@Webber, Organisational Behaviour and the Practice of Management, 5th ed, 1987, 1999, 26.@Yes$Drucker P.F. (1966).@The Effective Executive, New York, Harper and Row.@Glenview, Scott, Foresman and Co.@No$Achebe C. (1987).@Anthills of the Savannah.@Jordan Hill, Oxford, Heinemann Educational.@Yes$Chambers R. (1983).@Rural Development: Putting the Last First.@New York, Longman Scientific and Technical.@Yes