@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Effects of Deposition Time on the Absorbance of Chemical Bath deposited CuS Thin Films<#LINE#>I.A.@Ezenwa<#LINE#>1-4<#LINE#>1.ISCA-RJEngS-2012-113.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Industrial Physics, Anambra State University, Uli, NIGERIA<#LINE#>18/10/2012<#LINE#>3/11/2012<#LINE#>The chemical bath deposition technique was used to deposit thin films of copper sulphide onto glass substrates. The bath composition included copper chloride which was the source of Cu2+ and thiourea which supplied the S2- ions. X- ray diffraction and optical microscopy were used to investigate structural and morphological characterization respectively. The influence of deposition time was studied to determine its influence on the absorbance of the deposited films. The deposited CuS films showed hexagonal structure. <#LINE#> @ @ Cruz-Vasques C., Inoue M., Inoue M.B., Bernal R. and Espinoza-Beltran F.J., Superficies Y Vacio,, 219 (1999) @No $ @ @ Thanikaikarasan S., MahalingamT., Kathalingam A., Hosun M. and Yong D.K., Characterization of Electrodeposited Copper Sulphide Thin Films, Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems, 13(1), 29-33 (2010) @No $ @ @ Satoshi K., Yohei S., Shotaro K., Kouichi T. and Kaoru S., Synthesis of Non-stoichiometric (LaO)CuS Thin Films by Pulse Laser Deposition, Applied Physics A: Materials Science and Processing, 93(3), 741 (2008) @No $ @ @ Isac L.A., Duta A., Kriza A. Enesca I.A. and Nanu MThe growth of CuS thin films by Spray Pyrolysis, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 61, 477 (2007) @No $ @ @ Nair M.T.S., Laura G. and Nair P.K., Conversion of Chemically Deposited CuS Thin Films to Cu1.8S and Cu1.96S by Annealing, Semicond. Sci. Technol.,13, 1164 (1998) @No $ @ @ Ezema F.I., Nnabuchi M.N. and Osuji R.U., Optical Properties of CuS Thin Films Deposited by Chemical Bath Deposition Technique and Their Applications, Trends in Applied Sciences Research, ,  467-476 (2006) @No $ @ @ Ezenwa I.A., Ekpunobi A.J. and Ekwo P., Growth and Characterization of CuS thin film by Chemical Bath Deposition, Nat. and Appl. Sc. Jour., 11(2), 157–164 (2010) @No
<#LINE#>To Study the Fouling of Corrugated Plate Type Heat Exchanger in the Dairy Industry<#LINE#>Murugesan@M.P.,R.@Balasubramanian<#LINE#>5-10<#LINE#>2.ISCA-RJEngS-2012-120.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemical Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, 638 052, Tamilnadu, INDIA<#LINE#>20/12/2012<#LINE#>17/1/2013<#LINE#>  Fouling is a major severe problem both technically and economically in the corrugated plate type heat exchanger from dairy industry. Thermal treatment of milk represents major unit operations. It should be considered that products microbiologic safety and shelf-life increase. But during the thermal treatment of such sensible fluids in a corrugated plate type heat exchanger, proteins are denaturized and aggregate reaction takes place. Finally formation of fouling affect’s the treatment’s efficiency and overall heat transfer efficiency. The relative amount of denaturated and aggregated proteins depends upon a number of factors such as milk quality, presence of micro organism, Operating condition, design and type of heat exchangers and heat transfer surface properties. In this present work fouling factors consider the change in a process condition. Pre-heating of test fluid and cleaning of corrugated plate surface provides controlling of fouling and enhances the rate of heat transfer and increase the treatment efficiency (pasteurization, sterilization process) of milk products. <#LINE#> @ @ Sandu C. and Lund D., Fouling of heat exchangers: optimum design and operation. Book: Fouling of heat exchanger surfaces, Engineering Foundation, New York, 681-716 (1983) @No $ @ @ Christian G.K., Changani S.D., Fryer P.J., The effect of adding minerals on fouling from whey protein concentrate, Development of a model fouling fluid for a plate heat exchanger, Transactions of the Institute of Chemical Engineers, 80, 231–239 (2002) @No $ @ @ Müller-Steinhagen H. and Zhao Q., Investigation of low fouling surface alloys made by ion implantation technology, Chemical Engineering Science, 52(19), 3321-3332 (1997) @No $ @ @ Kück U.D. and Hartmann, Entwicklung neuer Verarbeitungsprozesse für die Lebensmittelherstellung durch Anwendung von neuartigen funktionalen Materialoberflächen, AiF-Abschlußbericht, Bremen (AiF-Nr. 14228N/1) (2007) @No $ @ @ Sandu C., Physicomathematical model for milk fouling in a plate heat exchanger Ph.D. thesis, University of Wisconsin-Madison (1989) @No $ @ @ Bansal B., Crystallization Fouling in Plate Heat Exchangers, Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering (2007) @No $ @ @ Beuf M. and Rizzo G., Fouling and cleaning of modified stainless steel plate heat exchangers processing milk products, Proceedings of ECI Conference on Heat Exchanger Fouling and Cleaning: Fundamentals and Applications, pp. 99-106, Vol. RP1, Article 14, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA (2003) @No $ @ @ Premathilaka and Bansal B., Interaction of whey protein with modified stainless steel surfaces, Proceedings of 7thInternational Conference on Heat Exchanger Fouling and Cleaning, pp. 150-121, ECI Symposium Series, Volume RP5, Article 21, tomar, Portugal (2007) @No $ @ @ Zhao Q. and Liu C., Bacterial and protein adhesion on Ni-P-PTFE coated surfaces, Proceedings of 7th International Conference on Heat Exchanger Fouling and Cleaning, pp. 237-242, ECI Symposium Series, Volume RP5, Article 33, Tomar, Portugal (2007) @No $ @ @ Yang L.C., Asako Y., Yamaguchi Y. and Faghri M., Numerical prediction of transitional characteristics of flow and heat transfer in a corrugated duct, Trans. ASME, J. Heart Transfer, 119, 62–69 (1997) @No $ @ @ Asako Y. and Faghri M., Finite-volume solutions for laminar flow and heat transfer in a corrugated duct, Trans. ASME, J. Heat Transfer, 109, 627–634 (1987) @No $ @ @ Murugesan M.P. and Balasubramanian R., The Effect of Mass Flow Rate on the Enhanced Heat Transfer Characteristics in A Corrugated Plate Type Heat Exchanger, Research Journal of Engineering Sciences, 1(6), 22-26 (2012) @No
<#LINE#>Copper Extraction from the Discarded Printed Circuit Board by Leaching<#LINE#>R.@Vijayaram,D.@Nesakumar,K.@Chandramohan<#LINE#>11-14<#LINE#>3.ISCA-RJEngS-2012-122.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Chemical Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, 638052, INDIA<#LINE#>27/12/2012<#LINE#>8/1/2013<#LINE#>  This project deals with the experimental results of the leaching of Cu from Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) from obsolete electronic devices by means of leaching using different combinations of acidic mixtures followed by precipitation. Printed circuit boards were dismantled, cut into small pieces, and fed into a Ball mill. The powder obtained was leached by using the aqueous solutions HSO, HSO+HCl, HCl, and HCl+HNO. The lowest values for the percentage of metal extraction were obtained with HSO4 while the HCl+HNO mixture exhibited an extraction of Cu in a maximum percentage. Precipitates were obtained at different pH values by neutralizing the leach liquors using NaOH. The HCl+HNO leach system presented the highest recovery values from the powder feed as well as from the leach liquor. Cu extraction after 120 minutes obtained with the various leach systems, 3.0N HCl+1.0N HNO exhibited the highest percentage Cu extraction (92.7% Cu).  <#LINE#> @ @ Kui Huang, Jie Guo and Zhenming Xuprinted circuit board: A review of current technologies and treatment status in china, J. of hazardous managementJhazmat, (2008) @No $ @ @ Masavetas, Nikola O.U, Spanou, PavlatouProduction Of Copper Powder From Printed Circuit Boards By Electrodeposition,Global Nest,11(2) (2009) @No $ @ @ Agarwal  Perween, Shubhajit Pramanik and Sahu K.K., Recovery of copper from pcb leach solution by solvent extraction, Conf. Proceedings national metallurgical laboratory, csir, jamshedpur - 831007, india  (2008) @No $ @ @ Kazuya Koyama, Mikiya Tanaka and Jae-chun Lee, Copper Leaching Behavior from Waste Printed Circuit Board in Ammoniacal Alkaline Solution, Materials Transactions, 47(7) 1788 to 179 (2006) @No $ @ @ Gramatyka P.,  Nowosielski R. and  Sakiewicz P., Recycling of waste electrical and electronic equipment, JAMME 20(1-2) (2007) @No $ @ @ Zong Gao, Jianchi Li, C. Zhang, Printed circuit board Recycling:A State of Art survey, Dept of Industrial Engineering, Texas USA. IEEE(2002) @No $ @ @ Md Fazlul Bari, Mst. Noorzahan Begum, Shamsul Baharin Jamaludin, Kamarudin, Selective leaching for the recovery of copper from pcb, Hussin School of Materials Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Malaysia (2012) @No $ @ @ Chatterjee and Krishna Kumar, Effective electronic waste management and recycling process involving formal and non-formal sectors, Intl J. of Physical Sciences,13), 893-905 (2009) @No $ @ @ Hugo Marcelo Veit et.al, Recovery of copper from printed circuit boards scraps by mechanical processing and electrometallurgy, LACOR, PPGEM, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Campus do Vale (2004) @No $ @ @ Havlik T., Orac D., Petranikova and Miskufova A., Hydrometallurgical treatment of used printed circuit board after thermal treatment, Elsevier-waste management- j.wasman, (2011) @No
<#LINE#>Investigation of Physical and Mechanical Properties of High Density Polyethylene/Wood Flour Composite Foams<#LINE#>M.@Poostforush,M.@Al-Mamun,M.@Fasihi<#LINE#>15-20<#LINE#>4.ISCA-RJEngS-2012-124.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Polymer Engineering, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, IRAN @ Department of Chemistry, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet3114, BANGLADESH @ Department of Polymer and Color Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, IRAN <#LINE#>1/1/2013<#LINE#>10/1/2013<#LINE#>In this paper, high density polyethylene (HDPE)/wood flour (WF) composite foams were prepared by using an intermeshing co-rotating twin screw extruder followed by an injection molding. Experimental design based on Taguchi method was applied to investigate the effects of “concentrations and types of chemical foaming agent (CFA)”, “HDPE melt flow index (MFI)” and “WF content” on, density, mechanical properties and morphological structure of HDPE/WF composite foams. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) demonstrated that MFI, CFA concentration, CFA type and WF contents can significantly affect the optimized mechanical properties, respectively. In addition, the average cell sizes had strong relationships with CFA concentration and WF content. <#LINE#> @ @ Faruk O., Bledzki A.K., Matuana L.M., Microcellular foamed wood-plastic composites by different processes: A review, Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 113-127 (2007) @No $ @ @ Guo G., Lee Y.H., Rizvi GM, Park CB. Influence of wood fiber size on extrusion foaming of wood fiber/HDPE composites, J Appl Polym Sci.,107, 3505-3511 (2008) @No $ @ @ Li Q., Matuana L.M., Foam extrusion of high density polyethylene/wood-flour composites using chemical foaming agents, J Appl Polym Sci., 88, 3139-3150 (2003) @No $ @ @ Matuana L.M., Li Q., Statistical modeling and response surface optimization of extruded HDPE/Woodcomposite foams, 17, 185-199 (2004) @No $ @ @ Rizvi G., Matuana L.M., Park C.B., Foaming of PS/wood fiber composites using moisture as a blowing agent, Polymer Engineering & Science.,40, 2124-2132 (2000) @No $ @ @ Deshpande D.P., Warfade V.V., Amaley S.H. and Lokhande D.D., Petro-Chemical Feed stock from Plastic Waste, Research Journal of Recent Sciences., 1, 63-67 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mudigoudra B.S., Masti S.P., Chougale R.B., Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Ternary Polymer PVC/PVAc/PEG Blended Films, Research Journal of Engineering Sciences.,, 63-65 (2012) @No $ @ @ @No $ @ @ Lee Y.H., Kuboki T., Park C.B., Sain M., The effects of nanoclay on the extrusion foaming of wood fiber/polyethylene nanocomposites, Polymer Engineering & Science.,51, 1014-1022 (2011) @No $ @ @ @No $ @ @ Li Q., Matuana L.M., Effectiveness of maleated and acrylic acid-functionalized polyolefin coupling agents for HDPE-wood-flour composites, Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials.,16, 551-564 (2003) @No $ @ @ @No $ @ @ Kim J., Pal K., Wood plastic composite foam applications, Springer Berlin Heidelberg., 32, 165-172 (2011) @No $ @ @ Matuana L.M., Mengeloglu F., Microcellular foaming of impact-modified rigid PVC/wood-flour composites, Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology., 7, 67-75 (200112.Matuana L.M., Park C.B., Balatinecz J.J., Cell morphology and property relationships of microcellular foamed pvc/wood-fiber composites, Polymer Engineering & Science.,38, 1862-1872 (1998) @No $ @ @ Mudigoudra B.S., Masti S.P., Chougale R.B., Thermal Behavior of Poly (vinyl alcohol)/ Poly (vinyl pyrrolidone)/Chitosan Ternary Polymer Blend Films, Research Journal of Recent Sciences.,, 83-86 (2012) @No $ @ @ Guo G., Rizvi G.M., Park C.B., Lin W.S., Critical processing temperature in the manufacture of fine-celled plastic/wood-fiber composite foams,  J Appl Polym Sci.,91, 621-629 (2004) @No $ @ @ Adhikary K.B., Islam M.R., Rizvi G.M., Park C.B., Effect of extrusion conditions on the surface quality, mechanical properties, and morphology of cellular wood flour/high-density polyethylene composite profiles, Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials., 311-18 (2012) @No $ @ @ Rizvi G.M., Park C.B., Guo G., Strategies for processing wood plastic composites with chemical blowing agents,  Journal of Cellular Plastics.,44, 125-137 (2008) @No $ @ @ Zhang H., Rizvi G.M., Park C.B., Development of an extrusion system for producing fine-celled HDPE/wood-fiber composite foams using CO2 as a blowing agent, Adv Polym Technol.,23, 263-276 (2004) @No $ @ @ Rachtanapun P., Selke S., Matuana L.M., Microcellular foam of polymer blends of HDPE/PP and their composites with wood fiber, J Appl Polym Sci.,88, 2842-2850 (2003) @No $ @ @ Gwon J., Lee S., Kang H., Kim J., Effects of sizes and contents of exothermic foaming agent on physical properties of injection foamed wood fiber/HDPE composites,  International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing., 13, 1003-1007 (2012) @No $ @ @ Bengtsson M., Oksman K., Silane crosslinked wood plastic composites: Processing and properties, Composites Sci Technol., 66, 2177-2186 (2006) @No $ @ @ Kuboki T., Lee Y.H., Park C.B, Sain M. Mechanical properties and foaming behavior of cellulose fiber reinforced high-density polyethylene composites,  Polymer Engineering & Science.,49, 2179-2188 (2009) @No $ @ @ Zhang J., Rizvi G., Park C.B., Effects of wood fiber content on the rheological properties, crystallization behavior, and cell morphology of extruded wood fiber/HDPE composite foams, BioResources.,6, 4979-4989 (2011) @No $ @ @ Kord B., Effect of chemical blowing agent on the hygroscopic behavior of HDPE/rice husk flour composites. Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials., 31, 1-13 (2012) @No $ @ @ Bledzki A.K., Faruk O., Injection moulded microcellular wood fibre–polypropylene composites, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing.,37, 1358-1367 (2006) @No $ @ @ Yoon J.D., Kuboki T., Jung P.U., Wang J., Park C.B., Injection molding of wood–fiber/plastic composite foams, Composite Interfaces., 16, 797-811 (2009) @No $ @ @ Murthy B.R.N., Lewlyn L.R. Rodrigues., Anjaiah D., Process Parameters Optimization in GFRP Drilling through Integration of Taguchi and Response Surface Methodology,Research Journal of Recent Sciences., , 7-15 (2012) @No $ @ @ Felix J.M., Gatenholm P., The nature of adhesion in composites of modified cellulose fibers and polypropylene,  J Appl Polym Sci., 42, 609-620 (1991) @No $ @ @ Agnantopoulou E., Tserki V., Marras S., Philippou J., Panayiotou C., Development of biodegradable composites based on wood waste flour and thermoplastic starch,  J Appl Polym Sci., 126, E273-E281 (2012) @No $ @ @ Georgopoulos S.T., Tarantili P.A., Avgerinos E., Andreopoulos A.G., Koukios E.G., Thermoplastic polymers reinforced with fibrous agricultural residues,  Polym Degrad Sta., 90, 303-312 (2005) @No $ @ @ Afrifah K.A., Hickok R.A., Matuana L.M., Polybutene as a matrix for wood plastic composites, Composites Sci Technol., 70, 167-172 (2010) @No
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Design of Experiments based Grey Relational Analysis in Various Machining Processes - A Review<#LINE#>Sreenivasulu@Reddy,Ch.Srinivasa@Rao<#LINE#>21-26<#LINE#>5.ISCA-RJEngS-2012-102.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Mechanical Engineering, R.V.R. and J.C. College of Engineering, (Autonomous), Guntur, AP, INDIA @ Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University College of Engineering, (Autonomous), Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, AP, INDIA <#LINE#>3/11/2012<#LINE#>16/11/2012<#LINE#>  Machining processes are widely used in the aerospace, aircraft and automotive industries although that non-traditional machining method have improved in the manufacturing industries in response to new and unusual machining requirement that could not be satisfied by conventional methods. Non-traditional machining including ultrasonic machining, abrasive water jet cutting, electrochemical machining (ECM), and chemical machining (CHM) are some of the examples. In machining processes, cutting fluids are used to lubricate the process and reducing the temperature that contributes of wear and tear to the cutting tool. Aluminum alloys widely used for automotive and aerospace industries which durability, strength, and light weight are desired and these materials subjected to machining operations where the criterion of minimization of lubricant or coolant use is becoming more topicality. Manufacturer have desired to work without any lubricant because of reasons such as the cost of using it, supply and maintenance of the lubricant, hazard arising from the lubricant and the disposal of used lubricant, therefore an alternative methods of machining is a dry machining. A statistical technique, fractional factorial experiments and analysis of variance (ANOVA), has been employed to investigate the influence of cutting parameters. This paper presents a literature review on optimization of various machining processes  using design of experiments based grey relational analysis.<#LINE#> @ @ Pande S.S., Relekar H.P., Investigations on Reducing Burr Formation in Drilling, Int. J. Machine Tool Design Research,26(3), 339-348 (1986) @No $ @ @ Gillespie L.K., Deburring Precision Miniature Parts, Precision Engineering, 1(4), 189-198 (1979) @No $ @ @ Takazawa K., The Challenge of Burr Technology and Its Worldwide Trends, Buu. of Japan Society of Precision Eng., 22(3), 165-170 (1988) @No $ @ @ Sung-Lim Ko and Jing-Koo Lee, Analysis on Burr Formation in Drilling with New Concept Drill, J. of Materials Processing Technology,113(1), 392-398 (2001) @No $ @ @ Pascal C., Agbangnan D., Christine Tachaon, Justine Dangal, Anna Chrostowska, EricFouquet and Dominique C.K.Sohounhloue Optimization of the Extraction of Sorghum’s poly phenols for industrial production by membrane processes, Res.J.Recent Sci,,1(4), 1-8 (2012) @No $ @ @ Rao Sathish U. and Rodrigues L.L. Raj, Applying wear maps in the optimization of machining parameters in drilling of polymer matrix composites – Review,Res.J.Recent Sci,, 1(5), 75-82 (2012) @No $ @ @ Deepak S.S.K., Application of different optimization methods for  metal cutting operation–A Review,Res.J.Recent Sci.,1(3), 52-58 (2012) @No $ @ @ Deng, JL Introduction to grey system theory, Journal of Grey System, 1, 1-24 (1989) @No $ @ @ Chakradhar D. and Venu Gopal A., Multi-Objective Optimization of Electrochemical machining of EN31 steel by Grey Relational Analysis International Journal of Modeling and Optimization, 1(2), 113-117 (2011) @No $ @ @ Show-Shyan Lin, Ming-Tsan Chuang, Jeong-Lian Wen, and Yung-Kuang Yang Optimization of 6061T6 CNC Boring Process Using the Taguchi Method and Grey Relational Analysis The Open Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Journal,  2(1) 14-20 (2009) @No $ @ @ Sadasiva Rao T., Rajesh V., Venu Gopal A Taguchi based Grey Relational Analysis to Optimize Face Milling Process with Multiple Performance Characteristics International Conference on Trends in Industrial and Mechanical Engineering (ICTIME'2012) @No $ @ @ 4-25, (2012) @No $ @ @ Balasubramanian S. et al., Grey Relational Analysis to determine optimum process parameters for Wire Electro Discharge Machining (WEDM), International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 3(1) 95-101 (2011) @No $ @ @ Lu H.S., Chang C.K., Hwang N.C. and Chung C.T., Grey relational analysis coupled with principal component analysis for optimization design of the cutting parameters in high-speed end milling, Journal of materials processing technology,209(1) 3808–3817 (2009) @No $ @ @ Chin-Ping Fung, Manufacturing process optimization for wear property of fiber-reinforced polybutylene terephthalate composites with grey relational analysis, Wear,254(1) 298–306 (2003) @No $ @ @ Chorng-Jyh Tzeng, Yu-Hsin Lin, Yung-Kuang Yang, Ming-Chang Jeng Optimization of turning operations with multiple performance characteristics using the Taguchi method and Grey relational analysis Journal of materials processing technology209(1) 2753–2759 (2009) @No $ @ @ Rodrigues L.L.R., Kantharaj A.N., Kantharaj B., Freitas W.R.C. and Murthy B.R.N., Effect of Cutting Parameters on surface roughness and cutting force in turning Mild Steel, Res.J.Recent Sci.,1(10) 19-26 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ulas C aydas, Ahmet Hasc alk Use of the grey relational analysis to determine optimum laser cutting parameters with multi-performance characteristics, Optics & Laser Technology40(1) 987–994 (2008) @No $ @ @ Nihat Tosun,Determination of optimum parameters for multi-performance characteristics in drilling by using grey relational analysis, Int J Adv Manuf Technology,28(1) 450–455 (2006) @No $ @ @ Davim J.P. and Reis P., Drilling of carbon fiber reinforced plastic manufactured by auto clave experimental and statistical study. Materials and Design, 24(5) 315-324 (2003) @No $ @ @ Kurt M., Bagci E. and Kaynak Y., Application of Taguchi methods in the optimization of cutting parameters for surface finish and hole diameter accuracy in dry drilling processes, International  Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,40(5-6) 458-469 (2009) @No $ @ @ Murthy BRN, Lewlyn LR Rodrigues and Anjaiah Devineni, Process Parameters optimization in GFRP drilling through integration of Taguchi and Response surface methodology,Res.J.Recent Sci.,1(6)7-15(2012) @No $ @ @ Rajmohan T., Palanikumar K. and Kathirvel M., Optimization of machining parameters in drilling hybrid aluminium metal matrix composites, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China,  22(1) 12861297 (2012) @No
<#LINE#>Effect of Parameters in Once-Through Boiler for Controlling Reheat Steam Temperature in Supercritical Power Plants<#LINE#>P.@RavindraKumar,RajuV.@Ramchandra,N.@RaviKumar<#LINE#>27-34<#LINE#>6.ISCA-RJEngS-2012-104.pdf<#LINE#>LakiReddy Bali Reddy Engineering College (Autonomous), Mylavaram, Vijayawada, Krishna (DT), AP, INDIA @ JNTU College of Engineering, Vizianagaram (DT) AP, INDIA @ MVGR College of Engineering, Vizianagaram (DT) AP, INDIA <#LINE#>5/11/2012<#LINE#>15/11/2012<#LINE#>  In once through boilers, superheated steam is generated at a pressure and temperature above the critical point of 221.2 bar and 375C. For controlling Reheat steam temperature in once through boilers, many methods are being adopted namely Burner angle, Gas Recirculation, divided back pass dampers, excess air and steam bypass as primary control and feed water attemperation is considered as  an emergency control. When the boiler is operated in sliding pressure mode the cold reheat steam temperature is higher compared to constant pressure operation. The adjustment required for maintaining constant Reheat outlet temperature is larger in constant pressure operation mode. In general spray is not used for RH steam temperature control for boilers designed for constant pressure operation since the spray quantity required will be large and it will effect on plant heat rate. Utility boilers are operated under sliding pressure mode and hence Reheat steam temperature control by spray is a common practice especially for once-through boilers. This paper deals with the benefits and losses of using spray for Reheat steam temperature control in lieu of other control mechanisms. If the plant incorporates reheat and several stages of feed heating, there is about a 2% gain in overall thermal efficiency compared with the corresponding subcritical cycle. <#LINE#> @ @ Spliethoff H., Power Generations from Solid Fuels, 125-200 Springer (2010) @No $ @ @ Stephen J. Goidich, Richard J. Docherty, Kenneth P.Melzer, The world’s first supercritical boiler FW-Benson vertical PC Boiler – The Long view power project, by– Power Gen Europe, Colonge, Germany, May 26-28 (2009) @No $ @ @ Balakrishnan T. and Balarathinam V., Introduction of supercritical / ultra supercritical technology in India, Tiruchirapalli, India Energex(2008) @No $ @ @ Srinivas T. and Gupta A.V.S.S.K.S., Thermodynamic analysis of Rankine cycle with generalization of feed water heaters, Journal of the Institute of Engineers (India),  87,56-63 (2007) @No $ @ @ Srinivas T., Gupta AVSSKS and Reddy B.V., Generalized Thermodynamic Analysis of Steam Power Cycle with 'n' number of Feed Water Heaters, International Journal of Thermodynamics,10(4), 177-185 (2007) @No $ @ @ Saito K. et al., Reliability of Supercritical Boiler and its Advantages, Electric Power (2004) @No $ @ @ Shimogori Y. et al., Experience in Designing and Operating the Latest Ultra Supercritical Coal Fired Boiler, Power-Gen Europe(2004) @No $ @ @ Gupta A.V.S.S.K.S., Satyanarayana I., Srihari B., Reddy B.V., Govindarajulu K. and Nag P.K., Thermodynamic Analysis of Supercritical Cycle, The Seventh ASME -ISHMT National Heat and Mass Transfer Conference, IGCAR, Kalpakkam, (2004) @No $ @ @ Shinotsuka N. et al., Application of High Steam Temperature Counter measure in High Sulfur Coal- Fired Boilers, Electric Power(2003) @No $ @ @ Abe T. et al., Design and Operating Experience of Supercritical Pressure Coal Fired Plant, Electric Power(2003) @No $ @ @ The statistics on Supercritical Boiler use is From Power Magazine, July, (2002) @No $ @ @ Singapore, Dincer I. and Muslim H.A., Thermodynamic Analysis of Reheat Cycle Steam Power Plants, Int. J. Energy Research,25, 727-739 (2001) @No $ @ @ Habib M.A., Said S.A.M. and Al-Zaharna, Thermodynamic optimization of reheat regenerative thermal-power plants, Journal of Applied Energy, 63, 17-34 (1999) @No $ @ @ Ibrahim A.H., Second law analysis of the reheat-regenerative Rankine cycle, Energy Conversion and Management, 38(7),  647-658 (1997) @No $ @ @ Fukuda Y. et al., Application of High Velocity Flame Sprayings for the Heat Exchanger Tubes in coal Fired Boiler, Int. Thermal Spraying Conf. May, Osaka, (1995) @No $ @ @ Joachim Franke, SIEMENS AG, Germany, Ponnusami K Gounder, CETHAR VESSELS LTD, V.Balarathinam, CETHAR VESSELS LTD, Reheat steam temperature control concept in Once-through boilers, (2008) @No $ @ @ Mark Richardson, Yoshihiro Kidera, et.al, Supercritical Boiler Technology Matures, (2008) @No $ @ @ Leading the Industry in Supercritical Boiler Technology, ALSTOM (2007) @No $ @ @ Dev Nikhil, Attri Rajesh et.al., Thermodynamic and the Design, Analysis and Improvement of Heat and Power System, Research Journal of Recent Sciences,1(3), 76-79 (2012) @No
<#LINE#>Parameters Affecting the Functioning of Close Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe: A Review<#LINE#>S.Y.@Nagvase,P.R.@Pachghare<#LINE#>35-39<#LINE#>7.ISCA-RJEngS-2012-115.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Mechanical Engineering, Govt. College of Engineering, Amravati, MS, INDIA<#LINE#>5/12/2012<#LINE#>22/12/2012<#LINE#>  Advancement is taking place in every field of engineering and increasing the demand of smaller and effective heat transfer devices. This leads to the development of Pulsating Heat Pipe (PHP). PHP is a passive two-phase heat transfer device for handling moderate to high heat fluxes typically suited for power electronics and similar applications. It usually consists of a small diameter tube, closed end-to-end in a loop, evacuated and then partially filled with a working fluid. The internal flow patterns in a PHP are a function of the applied heat flux. This paper highlights the thermo-hydrodynamic characteristics of these devices. State of art indicates that at least three thermo-mechanical boundary conditions have to be met for the device to function properly as pulsating heat pipe. This includes internal tube diameter, applied heat flux and filling ratio. Additionally the numbers of turns and thermo-physical properties of working fluid also play a vital role in determining the thermal behaviour. Apart from this, paper is a literature review on pulsating heat pipe technology; work performed by researchers. Finally, unresolved issues on the mechanism of PHP operation with different type of working fluids, validation techniques and applications are discussed.  <#LINE#> @ @ Akachi H., Structure of a Heat Pipe, U.S. Patent Number 4921041 (1990) @No $ @ @ Akachi H., Structure of Micro-Heat Pipe, U.S. Patent Number 5219020 (1993) @No $ @ @ Khandekar S., Mamelli M. and Marengo M., An Exploratory Study of a Pulsating Heat Pipe Operated with a Two Component Fluid Mixture, ASME Heat and Mass Transfer conference, IIT Madras, (2011) @No $ @ @ Groll M. and Khandekar S., Pulsating Heat Pipes: Progress and Prospects, Proc. International Conference on Energy and the Environment, Shanghai, China. , 723-730 (2003) @No $ @ @ Reay D.A. and Kew P.A., Heat pipes theory, design and applications, fifth edition, Applied Thermal Engineering, Elsevier Science, 978-0-7506-6754-8 (2006) @No $ @ @ Nishio S., Nagata S. and Baba S., Thermal Performance of SEMOS Heat Pipes, Proc. 12th Int. Heat Transfer Conf. Grenoble, France, 4, 477-482 (2002) @No $ @ @ Basiulis A. and Filler M., Operating characteristics and long life capabilities of organic fluid heat pipes, 6th AIAA Thermophys, Conference, Tullahoma, Tennessee, AIAA Paper, 71-408 (1971) @No $ @ @ Mamelli M., Marengo M. and Zinna S., Numerical model of a multi-turn Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe: Effects of the local pressure losses due to meanderings, Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 55, 1036–1047, (2011) @No $ @ @ Khandekar S. and Groll M., Pulsating Heat Pipes: Attractive Entrants in the Family of Closed Passive Two-Phase System, Journal of Energy, Heat and Mass Transfer, 26, 99-115 (2004) @No $ @ @ Meena P. and Rittidech S., Effect of Evaporator Section Lengths and Working Fluids on Operational Limit of Closed Loop Oscillating Heat Pipes with Check Valves, American Journal of Applied Sciences, 6(1), 133-136(2009) @No $ @ @ Khandekar S., Groll M., Charoensawan P. and Terdtoon P., Pulsating Heat Pipes: Thermo-fluidic Characteristics and Comparative Study with Single Phase Thermosyphon, Proc. 12th Int. Heat Transfer Conf., Grenoble, France, 4,459-464 (2002) @No $ @ @ Khandekar S., Dollinger N. and Groll M., Understanding Operational Regimes of Pulsating Heat Pipes: An Experimental Study, Applied Thermal Engineering, Elsevier Science, (2003) @No $ @ @ Shafii M., Faghri A. and Zhang Y., Thermal Modeling of Unlooped and Looped Pulsating Heat Pipes, ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, 123, 1159-1172 (2001) @No $ @ @ Groll M. and Khandekar S., Pulsating Heat Pipes: A Challenge and Still Unsolved Problem in Heat Pipe Science, Archives of Thermodynamics, Begell House, 23(4), 17-28 (2002) @No 
<#LINE#>A Classification and Mobility Metrics of Various Mobility Models<#LINE#>S.@PatelTushar,M.@PanchalMayur,N.@LadumorDhara,I.@PatelAnkit,P.@DesaiPiyusha<#LINE#>40-44<#LINE#>8.ISCA-RJEngS-2012-116.pdf<#LINE#>Mehsana – 384002, Gujarat, INDIA  @ LDRP Institute of Technology and Research, Gandhinagar – 382015, Gujarat, INDIA<#LINE#>6/12/2012<#LINE#>23/12/2012<#LINE#>  In wireless network research, simulation plays an important role in determining the network characteristics and measuring performance. The results of simulative performance evaluation relies on models used in the network. Since wireless networks consist of or at least contain mobile devices, the mobility model used has a decisive impact. However, in common performance evaluations mainly simple random-based models are used. In this study, we first provide a survey and a categorization of existing mobility models in the literature. In the paper, we present classification  of  various mobility models. We also define various kinds of mobility metrices using mobisim simulator. <#LINE#> @ @ Nagadeepa N., Enhanced Bluetooth Technology to Assist the High Way Vehicle Drivers, Res.J.Recent Sci.,1(8), 82-85 (2012) @No $ @ @ Bettstetter C., Mobility   modeling   in   wireless   networks: categorization,  smooth  movement,  and  border  effects, ACMSIGMOBILE Mob. Comp. Commun. Rev., 55–66 (2001) @No $ @ @ Camp T., Boleng J. and Davies V., A survey of mobility models for ad hoc network research, Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comp., 483-502 (2002) @No $ @ @ Johnson D.B. and Maltz D.A., Dynamic source routing in ad hoc wireless networks, in Mobile Computing, 253-281(1996) @No $ @ @ Resta G. and Santi P., An analysis of the node spatial distribution of the random waypoint model for ad hoc networks, in Proc.ACM Worksh. Princip. Mob. Comp. POMC, 44-50(2002) @No $ @ @ Navidi W. and Camp T., Stationary distributions for the random waypoint mobility model, IEEE Trans. Mob. Comp., 99-108(2004) @No $ @ @ Yoon J., Liu M. and Noble B., Random waypoint considered harmful, in Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, San Francisco, 1312-1321(2003) @No $ @ @ Bettstetter C., Resta G. and Santi P., The node distribution of the random waypoint mobility model for wireless ad hoc networks, IEEE Trans. Mob. Comp., 257-269 (2003) @No $ @ @ Bettstetter C. and Wagner C., The spatial node distribution of the random waypoint mobility model, In in Proc. 1st German Worksh. Mob. Ad-Hoc Netw. WMAN’02, 41–58 (2002) @No $ @ @ Blough D.M., Resta G. and Santi P., A statistical analysis of the long-run node spatial distribution in mobile ad hoc networks, Wirel. Netw., 543–554 (2004) @No $ @ @ Lim S., Yu C. and Da C.R., Clustered mobility model for scalefree wireless networks, in Proc. IEEE Conf. Loc. Comput. Netw. LCN 2006,231-238(2006) @No $ @ @ Royer E.M., Melliar-Smith P.M. and Moser L.E., An analysis of the optimum node density for ad hoc mobile networks, in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun., 857-861(2001) @No $ @ @ Bettstetter C., Smooth is better than sharp: a random   mobility model for simulation of wireless networks, in Proc. 4th Int. Symp. Model. Anal. Simul. Wirel. Mob. Syst. MSWIM19-27(2001) @No $ @ @ Liang B. and Haas Z.J., Predictive  distance-based  mobility management  for  multidimensional  PCS  networks, IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw.,718-732(2003) @No $ @ @ Hong X., Gerla M., Pei G. and Chiang C.C., A group mobility model for ad hoc wireless networks, in Proc. Int. Symp. Model. Simul. Wirel. Mob. Syst. MSWiM, 53-60(1999) @No $ @ @ Blakely K. and Lowekamp B., A structured group mobility model for the simulation of mobile ad hoc networks, in Int. Conf. Mob. Comp. Netw., Proc. 2nd Int. Worksh. Mob. Manag. Wirel. Acc. Pro-toc., 111–118 (2004) @No $ @ @ Sánchez M. and Manzoni P., ANEJOS: a Java based simulator for ad hoc networks, Fut. Gener. Comput. Syst., 573-583(2001) @No $ @ @ Kraaier J. and Killat U., The random waypoint city model – user distribution in a street-based mobility model for wireless network simulations, in Proc. 3rd ACM Int. Worksh. Wirel. Mob. Appl. Serv. WLAN Hotsp.,100-103(2005) @No $ @ @ Mogre P.S., Hollick M., d’Heureuse N., Heckel H.W., Krop T. and Steinmetz R., A graph-based simple mobility model, in Proc. WMAN’07, Proc. Conf. KiVS’07, 421-432  (2007) @No $ @ @ Jardosh A., Belding-Royer E.M., Almeroth K.C. and Suri S., Towards realistic mobility models for mobile ad hoc networks, in Proc. IEEE MobiCom, 217-229(2003) @No $ @ @ Jardosh A.P., Belding-Royer E.M., A.K.C. and Suri S., Realworld environment models for mobile network evaluation, IEEE J. Selec. Areas Commun., 622-632(2005) @No $ @ @ Zimmermann H.M. and Gruber I., A Voronoi-based mobility model for urban environments, in Eur. Wirel. 2005 Conf. (2005) @No $ @ @ Bittner S., Raffel W.U. and Scholz M., The area graph-based mobility model and its impact on data dissemination, in Proc. IEEE PerCom, 268–272 (2005) @No $ @ @ G¨unes M. and Siekermann J., CosMos - communication scenario and mobility scenario generator for mobile ad-hoc networks, in Proc. 2nd Int. Worksh. MANETs Interoper. Iss. MANETII’05 (2005) @No $ @ @ Tian J., H¨ahner J., Becker C., Stepanov I. and Rothermel K., Graphbased mobility model for mobile ad hoc network simulation, in Proc. 35th Ann. Simul. Symp.,337-344(2002) @No $ @ @ Hsu W.J., Merchant K., Shu H.W., Hsu C.H. and Helmy A., Weighted waypoint mobility model and its impact on ad hoc networks, ACM SIGMOBILE Mob. Comp. Commun. Rev., 59-63 (2005) @No $ @ @ Musolesi M., Hailes S. and Mascolo C., An ad hoc mobility model founded on social network theory, in Proc. 7th ACM Int. Symp. Model. Anal. Simul. Wirel. Mob. Syst., 20-24  (2004) @No 
<#LINE#>Simulation of R-L-C Series and Parallel Resonance in Basic Electrical Engineering with LabVIEW<#LINE#>AshokKumar@Rajput<#LINE#>45-49<#LINE#>9.ISCA-RJEngS-2012-123.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Electrical Engineering, Radha Govind Group of Institutions, Meerut-25004, INDIA<#LINE#>27/12/2012<#LINE#>8/1/2013<#LINE#>  R-L-C Series and Parallel circuit at resonance is a part of basic electrical engineering course which is mandatory for all discipline students to aware the idea of resonance in all technical universities in India and abroad. This topic is also a part of in laboratory of their curriculum.  Now day by day students have different modes to perform the practical in the lab session. Software based practical are less costly than hardware base practical and also  have a provision to change the circuit parameters as we need compared to hardware based results, which is better understanding of students in learning concepts of basic electrical engineering course. Today software based different laboratory experiments can performed by the student with a single place which impacts on flexible learning of students and under-standing abilities. This motivation deals with Simulation of basic electrical engineering laboratory experiments which are part of lab session at under graduate electrical engineering students using laboratory virtual instrument engineering workbench (LabVIEW) software. Lab-VIEW uses graphical language which allows a natural, error free result and user-friendly interaction.<#LINE#> @ @ Jabbar R.A., Azah Mohamed, Hannan M.A., Muhammad Junaid, Mansoor M., Latif  A. and Noor H., Simulation of Electrical Machines Laboratory Using LabVIEW, International Conference on Computer, Electrical, and Systems Science, and Engineering (ICCESSE 2010) World Academy of Science Engineeringand Technology (WASET), Cape Town, South Africa, January 29-31 (2010) @No $ @ @ Rana A. Jabbar, Muhammad Junaid, M. Ali Masood, M. Mansoor and Adil Iftkhar, LabVIEW based Induction Machines Laboratory for Engineering Education, The 7thWSEAS International Conference onEngineering Education (Education '10), Corfu Island, Greece, July, 22-24 (2010) @No $ @ @ Stephen J. Chapman, Electric Machinery Fundamentals, 4th Edition, McGraw-Hill, Ch. 9 DC Motors and Generators, 533-632 (2005) @No $ @ @ Elliott C., Vijayakumar V., Zink W. and Hansen R., National Instruments LabVIEW: A Programming Environment for Laboratory Automation and Measurement, Journal of the Association for LaboratoryAutomation, 12(1),(2007) @No $ @ @ Basher H.A. and Isa S.A., On-Campus and Online Virtual Laboratory Experiments with LabVIEW, South eastConference, Proceedings of the IEEE, Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/second.2006.1629372, South Carolina State Univ., Columbia, SC, March 31, (2005)-April 2, (2005) @No $ @ @ Vento J.A., Application of LabVIEW in higher  education laboratories, Frontiers in Education Conference, Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/FIE.1988.35023, Austin, TX, USA, July 08, (2002) @No $ @ @ Wang J.Y.Z., LabVIEW in engineering laboratory courses, Frontiers in Education (FIE 2003) Digital-Object-Identifier: 10.1109/ FIE.2003. 1264710, Potomac State Coll., West Virginia University., USA, 5-8 Nov. (2003) @No $ @ @ Higa M.L. Tawy, D.M. Lord, S.M., “An introduction to LabVIEW exercise for an electronics class”, Frontiers in Education, 2002. FIE 2002. 32nd Annual, ISSN: 0190- 5848, ISBN: 0-7803-7444-4, Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/FIE.2002.1157905, On page(s): T1D-13 - T1D- 16 (1), University of San Diego, 6-9 Nov. (2002) @No $ @ @ Sherry R.A. and Lord S.M., LabVIEW as an effective enhancement to an optoelectronics laboratory experiment, Frontiers in Education Conference, 1997. 27th Annual Conference,'Teaching and Learning inan Era of Change. Proceedings, Digital Object Identifier:10. 1109/FIE.1997.635998, On page(s), 897-900 (2),Pittsburgh, PA, 5-8 Nov. (1997) @No $ @ @ 10,Nunnally C.E., Teaching EE circuits I lab with Labview, Frontiers in Education Conference, FIE'96. 26th Annual, INSPEC Accession Number: 5496652, Volume: 2, On page(s): 871-873 (2), 6-9 Nov 1996, Salt Lake City, UT, USA (1996) @No $ @ @ Usama Sardar M., Synchronous Generator Simulation  Using LabVIEW, Proceedings of World Academyof Science, Engineering & Technology (WASET), (29),(2008) @No $ @ @ Krishnan R., Bharadwaj A. and Materu P., Computer aided design of Electrical machine for variable speed applications, IEEE Transaction, Ind. Electron., 35(4),(1988) @No $ @ @ Ashok Kumar Rajput, Visualization Base Simulation of D.C Network Theorems in Basic Electrical Engineering with Lab VIEW, International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) 2(1),(2012) @No
@Research Article
<#LINE#>Graph Theoretic approach (GTA) A Multi-Attribute Decision Making (MADM) Technique<#LINE#>Rajesh@Attri,Dev@Nikhil,Vivek@Sharma<#LINE#>50-53<#LINE#>10.ISCA-RJEngS-2012-118.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Mechanical Engineering, YMCA University of Science and Technology, Faridabad – 121006, INDIA @ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Advanced Institute of Technology and Management, Palwal - 121105, INDIA<#LINE#>6/12/2012<#LINE#>22/12/2012<#LINE#>  This paper presents the basic concepts details of graph theoretic approach as a decision-making method in the manufacturing environment. Graph theory and matrix approach as a decision-making method is relatively new, and offers a generic, simple, easy, and convenient decision-making method that involves less computation. The method lays emphasis on decision-making methodology, gives much attention to the issues of identifying the attributes, and to associating the alternatives with the attributes, etc. The measures of the attributes and their relative importance are used together to rank the alternatives, and hence provides a better evaluation of the alternatives. The permanent concept fully characterizes the considered selection problem, as it contains all possible structural components of the attributes and their relative importance. The graph theoretical methodology consists of three steps – digraph representation, matrix representation and permanent function representation. These are also explained in the paper. <#LINE#> @ @ Chakraborty S., Applications of the MOORA method for decision making in manufacturing environment, International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 54, 1155-1166 (2011) @No $ @ @ Deo N., Graph theory with applications to engineering and computer science, Prentice Hall India, New Delhi (2000) @No $ @ @ Harary F., Graph theory, Addision-Wesley,Reading, Mass: USA (1969) @No $ @ @ Jense, J.B. and Gutin, G., Digraph theory, algorithms and applications, London: Springer (2000) @No $ @ @ Gandhi O.P. and Agrawal V.P., Lubrication selection through graph theory, Japan International Tribology Conference Nagoya, 1701-1706 (1990) @No $ @ @ Gandhi O.P. and Agrawal V.P., System wear-An experiment cum analytical approach, ASME Tribology Conference, Ankara Turkey, 269-277 (1992) @No $ @ @ Gandhi O.P. and  Agrawal V.P., A digraph approach to system wear evaluation and analysis, Journal of Tribology, 116(2), 268-274 (1994) @No $ @ @ Gandhi O.P. and Agrawal V.P. Failure cause analysis- A structural approach, Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology,118, 434–440 (1996) @No $ @ @ Garg R.K., Agrawal V.P. and Gupta V.K., Selection of power plants by evaluation and comparison using graph theoretical methodology, Electrical Power and Energy Systems, 28, 429–435 (2006) @No $ @ @ Gandhi O.P. and Agrawal V.P. and Shishodia K.S.M., Reliability Analysis and Evaluation of System, Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 32, 283-305 (1991) @No $ @ @ Agrawal V.P. and Rao J.S., Structural classification of kinematic chains and mechanism, Mechanism and Machine Theory, 22(5)489-496 (1987) @No $ @ @ Grover S., Agrawal V.P. and Khan I.A., A digraph approach to TQM evaluation of an industry, International Journal of Production Research, 42, 4031–4053 (2004) @No $ @ @ Grover S., Agrawal V.P. and Khan I.A., Role of human factor in TQM: a graph theoretic approach, Benchmarking: An International Journal, 13(4)447–468 (2006) @No $ @ @ Mohan M., Gandhi O.P. and Agrawal V.P., Systems modeling of a coal based steam power plant, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy, 217, 259-277 (2003) @No $ @ @ Mohan, M., Gandhi, O.P., and Agrawal, V.P., Maintenance strategy for a coal based steam power plant equipment – a graph theoretic Approach, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy, 218, 619–636 (2004) @No $ @ @ Mohan, M., Gandhi, O.P., and Agrawal, V.P., Real-time efficiency index of a steam power plant: A systems approach, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy, 220, 103-131 (2006) @No $ @ @ Rao R.V., A decision making framework model for evaluating flexible manufacturing systems using digraph and matrix methods, International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 30, 1101–1110 (2006) @No $ @ @ Rao R.V., Digraph and matrix methods for evaluating environmentally conscious manufacturing programs, International Journal of Environmentally Conscious Design and Manufacturing,12, 23–33 (2004) @No $ @ @ Rao R.V. and Gandhi OP, Digraph and matrix method for selection, identification and comparison of metal cutting fluids,  Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology, 212, 307–318 (2001) @No $ @ @ Rao R.V. and Padmanabhan K.K., Selection, identification and comparison of industrial robots using digraph and matrix methods, Robotics and Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 22, 373–383 (2006) @No $ @ @ Venkatasamy R. and Agrawal V.P., Selection of automobile vehicle by evaluation through graph theoretic methodology, International Journal of Vehicle Design, 17(4), 449–471 (1996) @No $ @ @ Wani M.F. and Gandhi O.P., Development of Maintainability index for Mechanical Systems, Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 65, 259-270 (1999) @No $ @ @ Yadav N., Khan I.A.  and Grover S., A graph theoretic approach to quality evaluation of typical gas turbine system, International Journal of Multidisciplinary Science and Technology, 2 (2), 7-19 (2011) @No $ @ @ Dev N., Samsher, Kachhwaha S.S., System modeling and analysis of a combined cycle power plant, International Journal of Systems Assurance and Engineering Management, DOI: 10.1007/s13198-012-0112-y (2012) @No $ @ @ Dev N., Samsher, Kachhwaha S.S. and Attri R., GTA-based framework for evaluating the role of design parameters in cogeneration cycle power plant efficiency, Ain Shams Engineering Journal, available at http,//dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2012.08.002 (2012) @No $ @ @ Faisal M.N, Banwet D.K and Shankar R., Quantification of risk mitigation environment of supply chains using graph theory and matrix methods, European Journal of Industrial Engineering, 1(1), 22-39 (2007) @No $ @ @ Raj T. and Attri R., Quantifying barriers to implementing Total Quality Management (TQM), European Journal of Industrial Engineering, 4(3), 308–335 (2010) @No $ @ @ Kulkarni S., Graph theory and matrix approach for performance evaluation of TQM in Indian industries, The TQM Magazine, 17(6), 509–526 (2005) @No