@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Transeterification of Castor oil<#LINE#>Deshpande @D.P,Haral @S.S.,Gandhi @S.S.,Ganvir @V.N. <#LINE#>2-7<#LINE#>1.ISCA-JEngS-2012-001.pdf<#LINE#>Dept of Chemical Engineering, TKIET, Warananagar, MS, INDIA@Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Govt. Polytechnic, Jalna, MS, INDIA@Dept of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Alandi, Pune, MS, INDIA@Dept, of Petrochemical Technology, LIT, Nagpur, MS, INDIA<#LINE#>21/5/2012<#LINE#>29/6/2012<#LINE#>As supply of fossil fuel is limited whilst energy demand continues to rise, hence alternative renewable fuels have received increasing attention for future utilization. In this paper, it is planned to study transesterification reaction on castor oil in a batch reactor using potassium hydroxide as a catalyst. The variables chosen for the study were Residence time, Oil to methanol ratio, catalyst concentration; and reaction temperature. The effects of these variables on the viscosity of biodiesel were studied, since this is one of the important specifications in ASTM standard. Apart from viscosity other properties like sp.gr, acid value, and sap value were also determined for the biodiesel product<#LINE#>Lima, Daniela G., Valerio C.D., et al.,@Diesel-like fuel obtained by pyrolysis of vegetable oils.@J Anal Appl Pyrolysis, 71, 987–96 (2004)@No$Gunstone F.D. and Hamilton R.J. (eds.),@Oleochemicals manufacture and applications.@Sheffield Academic Press/CRC Press, Sheffield, UK/Boca Raton, FL (2001)@No$Shay E.G.,@Diesel fuel from vegetable oils: status and opportunities.@, Biomass Bioenergy, 4, 227–242 (1993)@No$Mohammed H. Chakrabarti and Rafiq Ahmed,@Transesterification studies on castor oil as a first step towards its use in biodiesel production.@Pak. J. Bot., 40(3), 1153-1157 (2008)@No$Marta M. Conceicao, Roberlucia A., Candeia Fernando C., Silva Aline F., Bezerra Valter J., Fernandes Jr. Antonio G. Souza,@Thermoanalytical characterization of castor oil biodiesel,@Renewable and sustainable Energy Reviews, 11, 964-975 (2007)@No$Volkhard Scholz, Jadir Nogueira da Silva,@Prospects and risks of the use of castor oil as fuel,@Biomass and Bioenergy, 32, 95-100 (2008)@No$Agra I.B., Warnijati S. and Wiratni,@Two steps ethanolysis of castor oil using sulphuric acid as catalyst to produce motor oil,@Werc (1996)@No$Palligarnai T. Vasudevan and Michael Briggs,@Biodiesel production- Current state of the art and challenges,@J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol, 35, 421-430 (2008)@No$Lindon Robert Lee et.al,@Biodiesel production from Jatropha oil and its characterization,@Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(1), 81-87 (2011)@No$Linus N. and Okoro et.al,@Synthesis, Calorimetric and Viscometric Study of Groundnut oil Biodiesel and Blends,@Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(3), 49-57 (2011)@No$Mishra S.R.,@Production of Bio-diesel (Methyl Ester) from Simarouba Glauca Oil,@Res. J. Chem. Sci., 2(5), 66-71 (2012)@No
<#LINE#>Green Intelli Campus Using Radio Frequency Technology<#LINE#>Prakash @Vaibhav V.,Ajay L. @Kutnikar  <#LINE#>8-13<#LINE#>2.ISCA-JEngS-2012-003.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, Mysore, INDIA@Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, Mysore, INDIA<#LINE#>28/6/2012<#LINE#>31/5/2012<#LINE#>To strategically reduce the carbon foot print of a chosen campus using RFID tags to monitor and manage the daily energy consumption pattern of the campus. In today’s world, the need of the hour is to reduce the carbon foot print (CFP) in our day to day activities since higher carbon foot print means more global warming and green house gas (GHG) accumulation over a period of time. From fossil fuels to bio fuel/solar and wind, from public transport to sustainable metro transit grid, from a dream home to dream community and from a energy intense campus to a green and eco friendly campus. As one can see today many educational institutions have campuses which have activities which are isolated in terms of communication with its members. The objective of this proposal is to bring a sustainable integrated eco system model through innovative and CFP reducing processes. To work on this model an intelligent communication channel is established the efficiency of the campus and its potential is increased exponentially through a dynamic bi-directional feedback system. The system proposed here is perhaps affordable, accessible and adaptable and can be applied to about 5k – 10k population in an 8 hour cycle. The purpose is that an established system gives a constant feedback to each of its members on various multifarious activities. When a member of the campus wearing the RFID tag enters the campus, the person is immediately updated of the day’s events via a text message. The same applies for when the student walks into a specific department. However in these systems the reliability and confidentiality and the management of the database is critical. By incorporating cycling and validating and sustaining it through an automated system the use of fossil fuel based locomotives can be greatly reduced. Further validation can be done by RFID tags coupled with sensors of high precision and accuracy and reproductively. The number of hours a student logs in for reducing the carbon credit will also be acknowledged. All this can be done using the CCRA (Carbon credit reducing algorithm) which is explained in the following sections.<#LINE#>Wright L., Kemp S. and Williams I.,@Carbon footprinting: towards a universally accepted definition@, Carbon Management, 2(1), 61-72 (2011)@No$Climate change glossary, Carbon credit,@Environment Protection Authority Victoria,@2008-09-02, Retrieved 2010-02-16 (2010)@No$Charles A. and Walton,@Portable radio frequency emitting identifier,@U.S. Patent 4, 384,288 (1983)@No$Sun Opens Java, Sun Microsystems,@Archived from the original on 2008-05-13@(2008)@No$@http://www.phidgets.com/@(2012)@No$Heath, Steve Embedded systems design,@EDN series for design engineers (2 ed.),@Newnes, 2 (2003)@No$a b USB ‘A’ Plug Form Factor Revision 1.0 (PDF).@USB Implementers Forum, Body length is fully 12mm in width by 4.5mm in height with no deviations@(2005)@No$@http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_card@(2012)@No$@http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_area_network@(2012)@No$Martein Meints@A Structured Collection on Information and Literature on Technological and Usability Aspects of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID),@FIDIS deliverable 3(7), (2007)@No$Paul Mann, Lisa Gahagan and Mark B. Gordon,@Tectonic setting of the world@American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 50, accessed (2009)@No$@http://www.hengsen.cn/emdatae/em4102_ds.pdf@(2012)@No
<#LINE#>A New Approach to Mine Frequent Itemsets<#LINE#>Patel @Tushar S.,Amin @Kiran R.  <#LINE#>14-18<#LINE#>3.ISCA-JEngS-2012-005.pdf<#LINE#>Computer Engineering Department, UVPCE, Kherva, Gujarat, INDIA@Computer Engineering Department, UVPCE, Kherva, Gujarat, INDIA<#LINE#>30/5/2012<#LINE#>1/6/2012<#LINE#>Mining frequent patterns in transaction databases and many other kinds of databases has been studied popularly in data mining research. Methods for efficient mining of frequent itemsets have been studied extensively by many researchers. However, the previously proposed methods still encounter some performance bottlenecks when mining databases with different data characteristics. The time required for generating frequent itemsets plays an important role. And also the poor efficiency of counting candidate itemset’s support count. In this study, we propose a new frequent itemsets tree (FI-tree) structure, which is used for storing frequent itemsets and their Tid sets. A distinct feature of this method is that it has runs fast in different data characteristics. Our study shows that a new approach has high performance in various kinds of data, outperforms the previously developed algorithms in different settings, and is highly scalable in mining different databases.<#LINE#>Agrawal R., Imielienski T. and A. Swami,@Mining Association Rules between Sets of Items in Large Databases,@Proc. Conf. on Management of Data, 207–216 (1993)@No$Raorane A.A.,  Kulkarni R.V. and Jitkar B.D.,@Association Rule – Extracting Knowledge Using Market Basket Analysis,@Res. J. Recent Sci., 1(2), 19-27  (2012)@No$Shrivastava Neeraj and Lodhi Singh Swati,@Overview of Non-redundant Association Rule Mining,@Res. J. Recent Sci., 1(2), 108-112 (2012)@No$Pramod S. and Vyas O.P.,@Survey on Frequent Item set Mining Algorithms,@In Proc. International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 - 8887), 1(15), 86–91 (2010)@No$Agrawal R. and Srikant R.,@Fast algorithms for mining association rules,@In Proc. Int’l Conf. Very Large Data Bases (VLDB), 487–499 (1994)@No$Park J.S., Chen M.S. and Yu P.S.,@An effective hash-based algorithm for mining association rules,@In Proc. ACM-SIGMOD Int’l Conf. Management of Data (SIGMOD), 175–186 (1995)@No$Brin S., Motwani R, Ullman J.D. and Tsur S.,@Dynamic itemset counting and implication rules for market basket analysis, In Proc.@ACM-SIGMOD Int’l Conf. Management of Data (SIGMOD), 255–264 (1997)@No$Savasere A., Omiecinski E. and Navathe S.,@An efficient algorithm for mining association rules in large databases,@In Proc. Int’l Conf. Very Large Data Bases (VLDB), 432–443 (1995)@No$Toivonen C.H.,@Sampling large databases for association rules,@In Proc. Int’l Conf. Very Large Data Bases (VLDB), 134–145 (1996)@No$Borgelt C.,@Efficient Implementations of Apriori and Eclat,@In Proc. 1st IEEE ICDM Workshop on Frequent Item Set Mining Implementations (2003)@No$Han J., Pei H. and Yin Y.,@Mining Frequent Patterns without Candidate Generation,@In Proc. Conf. on the Management of Data (2000)@No$Pei J., Han J., Lu H., Nishio S., Tang S. and Yang D.,@H-mine: Hyper-structure mining of frequent patterns in large databases,@In Proc. Int’l Conf. Data Mining (2001)@No$Borgelt C.,@SaM: Simple Algorithms for Frequent Item Set Mining,@IFSA/EUSFLAT 2009 conference (2009)@No$Blake C.L. and Merz C.J.,@UCI Repository of Machine Learning Databases,@Dept. of Information and Computer Science, University of California at Irvine, CA, USA  (1998)@No
<#LINE#>Assessing Adequacy of Probability Distributional Model for Estimation  of Design Storm<#LINE#>Roman @U.C.,Porey@ P.D.,Patel @P.L.,Vivekanandan @N. <#LINE#>19-25<#LINE#>4.ISCA-JEngS-2012-006.pdf<#LINE#>Sardar Vallabhai National Institute of Technology, Surat 395007, INDIA @Sardar Vallabhai National Institute of Technology, Surat 395007, INDIA @Sardar Vallabhai National Institute of Technology, Surat 395007, INDIA @Central Water and Power Research Station, Pune 411024, INDIA<#LINE#>30/5/2012<#LINE#>15/6/2012<#LINE#>Estimation of rainfall for a desired return period is one of the pre-requisites for any design purposes at a particular site, which can be achieved by probabilistic approach. In the present study, six probability distributions such as extreme value type-1 (EV1), normal, lognormal (LN2), gamma, pearson type-3, log pearson type-3 (LP3) are used to fit to annual 1-day maximum rainfall (ADMR) for Atner, Multai and Dharni sites in upper Tapi basin. Goodness-of-Fit tests such as Anderson-Darling, Chi-square and Kolmogorov-Smirnov are used to judge the applicability of the distributions for modelling recorded ADMR data. Diagnostic test, involving D-index, is used for selection of suitable distribution for estimation of rainfall for different return periods. The study shows the EV1 distribution is better suited, amongst six distributions studied, for estimation of design storm for Atner while LN2 for Multai and LP3 for Dharni.<#LINE#>National Institute of Hydrology (NIH),@Technical Note on Hydrological Process in an Ungauged Catchment,@1-163 (2011)@No$Singh R.D., Mishra S.K. and Chowdhary H.,@Regional flow duration models for 1200 ungauged Himalayan watersheds for planning micro-hydro projects,@ASCE J. Hydrologic Engineering,  6(4), 310-316 (2001)@No$Vaidya V.B., Karande B.I., Pandey Vyas, Lunagaria M.M. and Shekh A.M.,@Rainfall probability analysis for crop planning in Gujarat state,@J. Agrometeorology, 10(1-2), 183-185 (2008)@No$Aksoy H.,@Use of Gamma Distribution in Hydrological Analysis,@Turkey J. Engineering Environmental Sciences, 24(6), 419-428 (2000)@No$May W.,@Variability and extremes of daily rainfall during the Indian summer monsoon in the period 1901-1989,@Global and Planetary Change, 44(1-2), 83-105 (2004)@No$Sharda V.N. and Das P.K.,@Modelling weekly rainfall data for crop planning in a sub-humid climate of India,@J. Agricultural Water Management, 76(2), 120-138 (2005)@No$Chen J. and Adams B.J.,@Integration of Artificial Neural Networks with Conceptual Models in Rainfall-Runoff Modelling,@J. Hydrology, 318(3), 232-249 (2006)@No$Carta J.A. and Ramirez P.,@Analysis of two-component mixture Weibull statistics for estimation of wind speed distributions,@Renewable Energy, 32(3), 518-531 (2007)@No$Rosatto H.G.,  Becerra A.T., Botta G. and Presutti M.E.,@Runoff estimation in small rural watersheds using DEMS in North West of Argentina,@J. Soil and Tillage Research, 112(1), 8-17 (2011)@No$Sreekala P.P., Vijaya Bhaskara Rao  S. and Rajeevan M.,@Northeast monsoon rainfall variability over south peninsular India and its teleconnections,@J. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 108(1-2), 73-83 (2012)@No$Hiremath Deepa B. and Shiyani R.L.,@Adapting Gujarat to Climatic Vulnerabilities: The Road Ahead,@Research J. Recent Sciences, 1(5), 38-45 (2012)@No$Orlov Alexei M. and Ul’chenko Vasily A.,@Multi-annual changes of bottom temperatures in the Pacific off the North Kuril Islands and South Kamchatka (Northwestern Pacific, Russia) and demography of selected groundfish species,@Research J. Recent Sciences, 1(2), 61-84 (2012)@No$Xu Y.P., Yu C., Zhang X., Zhang Q. and Xu X.,@Design rainfall depth estimation through two regional frequency analysis methods in Hanjiang River Basin, China,@J. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 107(3-4), 563-578 (2012)@No$Lee J.H. and Heo J.H.,@Evaluation of estimation methods for rainfall erosivity based on annual precipitation in Korea,@J. Hydrology, 409(1-2), 30-48 (2011)@No$Saleh A.A.,@Developing an empirical formulae to estimate rainfall intensity in Riyadh region,@J. Engineering Sciences, 23(2), 81-88 (2011)@No$Suhaila J. and Jemain A.A.,@Fitting Daily Rainfall Amount in Peninsular Malaysia using Several Types of Exponential Distributions,@J. Applied Sciences Research, 3(10), 1027-1036 (2007)@No$D’Agostino B.R. and Stephans A.M.,@Goodness of Fit Statistic, Marcel Dekkar Inc., 270 Madison Avenue, New York 10016,@USA (1986)@No$Zhang J.,@Powerful Goodness-of-Fit Tests Based on the Likelihood Ratio,@J. Royal Statistical Society, 64(2), 281-294 (2002)@No$United States Water Resources Council (USWRC),@Guidelines for Determining Flood Flow Frequency,@Bulletin No. 17B, 15-19 (1991)@No$Report on@‘Comprehensive planning for the scheme flood protective measures in river Tapi in upper Tapi basin’,@Narmada Water Resources and Water Supply Department, Government of Gujarat, 1-45 (2000)@No
<#LINE#>Analysis of Crack Initiation in Fretting Fatigue Specimen<#LINE#>Purkar T. @Sanjay,Pathak@ Sunil <#LINE#>26-34<#LINE#>5.ISCA-JEngS-2012-011.pdf<#LINE#>Swami Vivekanand College of Engineering, Indore MP, INDIA@Swami Vivekanand College of Engineering, Indore MP, INDIA<#LINE#>2/6/2012<#LINE#>15/6/2012<#LINE#>The study of fracture mechanisms shows that the growth rate of a crack is proportional to the square root of its length, given the same stress fluctuation and degree of stress concentration. For this reason fatigue cracks spend most of their life as very small cracks which are hard to detect. A new approach for the simulation of fatigue crack growth in two elastic materials has been developed and specifically, the concept has been applied to fretting fatigue in a straight plate and in tubular joints. In the proposed method, the formation of new surface is represented by an interface element based on the interface potential energy. This method overcomes the limitation of crack growth at an artificial rate of one element length per cycle. In this method the crack propagates only when the applied load reaches the critical bonding strength. The predicted results compares well with experimental results.<#LINE#>Grewal B.S.,@Higher Engineering Mathematics,@Khanna Publication (2012)@No$Daniel Swenson,@Mark James A crack propagation simulator for plane layered structures,@Version 1.4 User@No$Hoeppner D.W., Chandrasekaran V. and Elliot C.B. Eds.,@Fretting-fatigue. Current Technologies and Practices, ASTM STP    1367,@American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA, (2000)@No$Cortez R., Mall S. and Calcaterra J.R.,@Fretting Fatigue: Current Technologies and Practices, ASTM STP 1367,@Hoeppner D.W.,  Chandrasekaran V., Elliot C.B., Eds, American Society Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 183-198 (2000)@No$Haritos G., Nicholas T., Painter G.,@18th symposium Fracture mechanics (Philadelphia:ASTM)@206-20 (1988)@No$Gallagher Jea et al.@Improved high-cycle fatigue (HCF) life prediction@(Wright- Patterson Air Force Base Ohio) (2001)@No$R. Hojjati Talemi and Soori M.,@Experimental investigation of fatigue,@Sustainable Construction and design (Islamic Azad university Iran) (2011)@No$Forman R.G. and Mettu S.R.,@Frac. Mech. 22nd Symp.1@(Philadelphia: ASTM) (1992)@No$Wang Q.Y.,@Pidaparti. Fatigue crack growth in adhesively bonded composite-metal double-lap joints,@International Journal Composite Structure, 57, 109-115 (2002)@No$Sih G.C.,@Some Basic Problems in Fracture Mechanics and New Concepts,@Eng. Fracture. Mech, 5, 365 (1973)@No$Owen D.,@Stress intensity factors for cracks in a plate containing a hole and in a spinning disc,@Int. J. Fract, 4, 471-476, (1973)@No$Newman J.,@An improved method of collocation for the stress analysis of cracked plates with various shaped boundaries,@NASA TN, 6376, 1-45 (1971)@No$Murakami Y.,@A method of stress intensity actor calculation for the crack emanating from an arbitrarily shaped hole or the crack in the vicinity of an arbitrarily shaped hole,@Trans Jap. Soc. Mech Engineering, 44, 423-32 (1978)@No$Bowie O.L.,@Analysis of an infinite plate containing radial cracks originating at the boundary of an internal circular hole,@Math. Phys, 35, 60-71 (1956)@No$Yan X.,@Cracks emanating from circular whole or square hole in rectangular plate in tension,@Eng. Fracture Mech., 73, 1743-1754 (2007)@No$Laurencin J., Delette G. and Dupeux M.,@An estimation of ceramic fracture at singularities by a statistical approach,@J. Eur. Ceramic Soc, 28, 1-13 (2007)@No$Kutuka M.A, Atmacab N. and Guzelbey I.H.,@Explicit formulation of SIF using neural networks for opening mode of fracture,@Int. J. Eng.Struct, 29, 2080-2086 (2007)@No$Abdul-Aziz Y., Abou-bekr N. and Hamouine A.,@Numerical modeling of the crack tip singularity,@Int. J. Mater. Sic, (2007)@No$Aour B., Rahmani O. and Nait-Abdelaziz B.,@A coupled FEM/BEM approach and its accuracy for solving crack problems in fracture mechanics,@Int. J. Solids Struct, 44, 2523-2539 (2007)@No$Stanislav S. and Zdenek K.,@Two parameter fracture mechanics: Fatigue crack behavior under mixed mode conditions,@Eng. Fracture Mech, 75, 857-865, (2008)@No$Gustavo V.G., Jaime P. and Manuel E.,@KI evaluation by the displacement extrapolation technique,@Eng. Fract. Mech, 66, 243-255 (2000)@No$Pathak Sunil,@Turbo charging and Oil Techniques in Light Motor Vehicles,@Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1, 60-65, (2012)@No$Zienkiewicz O., Taylor R. and Zhu J.,@The Finite Element Method: Its Basis and Fundamental,@6th edition Baker and Taylor Books, Oxford, ISBN: 10, 752 (2005)@No$Löhner R,@Automatic unstructured grid generators,@Finite Element Analysis 25, 111-134 (1997)@No$Chang R.,@Static finite element stress intensity factors for annular cracks,@J. Non destruct.Evaluat, 2,119-124 (1981)@No$Shahani A. and Tabatabaei S.,@Computation of mixed mode stress intensity factors in a four point bend specimen,@Applied Math, 32, 1281-1288 (2008)@No
<#LINE#>Development of Self Compacting Concrete by use of Portland Pozzolana Cement, Hydrated Lime and Silica Fume<#LINE#>Dubey @Sanjay Kumar  <#LINE#>35-39<#LINE#>6.ISCA-JEngS-2012-022.pdf<#LINE#>Dept. of Civil Engineering, Jabalpur Engineering College, Jabalpur INDIA<#LINE#>14/6/2012<#LINE#>18/6/2012<#LINE#>Concrete is the most widely used construction material because of its mould ability into any required structural form and shape due to its fluid behavior at early ages.. Thorough compaction, using vibration, is normally essential for achieving workability, the required strength and durability of concrete. Inadequate compaction of concrete results in large number of voids, affecting strength and long term durability of structures. Self-compacting concrete (SCC) provides a solution to these problems. As the name signifies, it is able to compact itself without any additional vibration or compactive effort. However, wide spread applications of SCC have been restricted due to lack of standard mix design procedure and testing methods. Self compacted concrete is used as a special concrete in place of standard concrete due to lack of mix design procedures. The paper presents to develop self compacted concrete by using portland Pozzolana cement, hydrated lime and silica fume. Lime is used as filler material. SF improved aggregate-matrix bond resulting from the formation of a less porous transition zone in concrete. The test results for acceptance characteristics of self-compacting concrete such as slump flow; V-funnel and L-Box are presented. Further, compressive strength at the ages of 7, 28, and 60 days was also determined and results are included here.<#LINE#>Nagamoto N. and Ozawa K.,@Mixture properties of Self-Compacting, High-Performance Concrete.@Proceedings, Third Canmet/ACI International Conferences on Design and Materials and Recent Advances in Concrete Technology, SP-172, V. M. Malhotra, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, Mich. 623-637 (1997)@No$Ravikumar M.S., Selvamony C, Kannan S.U. et al.@Behaviour of self compacting self curing kiln ash concrete with various admixtures.@ARPN journal of engineering and applied science, 4(8), 25-30 (2009)@No$Frances Yang,@A report on self consolidating concrete.@3-21(2004)@No$IS: 1489 (Part-1),@Indian standard specification for Portland Pozzolana cement Part1 Fly ash based.@Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India (1991)@No$IS:4031(Part-iv,v),@Indian standard code of practice for Methods of tests for Properties of cement.@Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India (1988)@No$IS: 383-1970,@Specifications for Coarse and Fine aggregates from Natural sources for Concrete.@Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India (1970)@No$Schutter G. DE,@Guideline for Testing Fresh Self Compacting.@4-19 (2005)@No$EFNARC (European Federation of national trade associations representing producers and applicators of specialist building products),@Specification and Guidelines for self- compacting concrete.@Hampshire, U.K. (2002)@No$Gambhir M.L.@Book of Concrete Technology.@511-537 (2011)@No$IS 516-1959@Indian Standard code of practice for Methods of tests for strength of concrete.@Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi (1999)@No
<#LINE#>Effect of Lateral Confinement on Strength of Concrete<#LINE#>Khaleek@Ahmad ,Yadav @R.K.,Chandak @Rajeev <#LINE#>40-44<#LINE#>7.ISCA-JEngS-2012-026.pdf<#LINE#>Structural Engineering, Jabalpur Engineering College, Jabalpur, MP, INDIA@Department of Civil Engineering, Jabalpur Engineering College, Jabalpur, MP, INDIA@Department of Civil Engineering, Jabalpur Engineering College, Jabalpur, MP, INDIA<#LINE#>22/6/2012<#LINE#>29/6/2012<#LINE#>In columns or compression members, lateral reinforcement in the form of hoops, cross-ties, or spirals play an important role in safeguarding the columns, especially when they are subjected to strong earthquakes or accidental lateral loads. They are required in any column-whether they are parts of a moment resistant frame or the gravity system in order for them to deform laterally and provide the required ductility. This paper deals with studies on the compressive strength of concrete specimens having confinement in various quantities. Studies on reinforced cement concrete specimens were used to understand the influence of the lateral confinement on the compressive strength of concrete. Cylindrical and square test specimens having height to diameter (or width) ratio as 2 were used for the study. The specimen was prepared with different spacing of hoops and having seismic and non-seismic hooks. This paper deals with the variation of peak strength with volumetric ratio of transverse steel to confined concrete core.<#LINE#>Sheikh S.A. and Uzumeri S.M.,@Analytical Model for Concrete Confinement in Tied Columns.@ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering, 108(12), (1982)@No$Saatcioglu M. and Razvi S.R.,@High-Strength Concrete Columns with Square Sections under Concentric Compression.@ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering, 124(12), 1438-1447 (1988)@No$Cusson D. and Paultre P.,@High-Strength Concrete Col-Lanns Confined by Rectangular Ties.@ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering, 120(3), 783-804 (1994)@No$Mander J.B., Priestley M.J.N. and Park R.,@Theoretical Stress-Strain Model for Confined Concrete.@ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering, 114(2), 1804-1825 (1992)@No$Sheikh S.A. and Uzumeri S.M.,@Strength and Ductility of Tied Concrete Columns.@ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering, 1079-1102 (1980)@No$Mander J.B., Priestly M.J.N. and Park R.,@Observed Stress Strain Behavior for Confined Concret.@Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, 114(8), 1827-1849 (1988)@No$Saatcioglu M. and Razvi S.R.,@Strength and Ductility of Confined Concrete.@ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering, 118 (6), (1992)@No$www.iitk.ac.in/EQTip19.pdf (2012)@undefined@undefined@No$ACI,@Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete (ACI 318-99).@ACI Committee 318, American Concrete Insti¬tute, (1999)@No$IS@13920: 1993 (Reaffirmed 1998) Edition 1.2.@Ductile Detailing Of Reinforced Concrete Structures Subjected To Seismic Forces — Code of Practice (2003).@No$Nagashima T., Sugano S., Kimura H. and Ichikawa A.,@Monotonic Axial Compression Test on Ultra-Strength Concrete Tied Columns.@Proc. 10th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, 2983-2988 (1992)@No$Scott B.D., Park R. and Priestley M.J.N.,@Stress-Strain Behavior of Concrete Confined by Overlapping Hoops at Low and High Strain Rates.@AC1 Structural Journal, 79(2), (1982)@No$N&#283;me&#269;ek J., Padev&#283;t P. and Bittnar Z.,@Acta Polytechnica.@44 (5), 2004@No
<#LINE#>Characterization of the domestic wastewaters and dimensionality of a pilot treatment station by lagooning at Abomey Calavi city- Benin<#LINE#>Aina @M.P.,Djihouessi@ B.,Vissin @E.W.,Kpondjo @N.M.,Gbèdo @V.,Sohounhloué @K.C.D <#LINE#>45-50<#LINE#>8.ISCA-JEngS-2012-029.pdf<#LINE#>Lab. des Sciences et Techniques de l’Eau de l’Ecole Polytechnique d’Abomey Calavi, UAC, Cotonou, BENIN and Lab. d’Etude et de Recherche en Chimie Appliquée, Ecole Polytech. d’Abomey/Calavi, UAC, Cotonou, BENIN@Lab. des Sciences et Techniques de l’Eau de l’Ecole Polytechnique d’Abomey Calavi, UAC, Cotonou, BENIN @Lab. Pierre Pagney, Climat, Eau, Environ., Dévelopement (LACEEDE) /DGAT/FLASH, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, BENIN@Lab. des Sciences et Techniques de l’Eau de l’Ecole Polytechnique d’Abomey Calavi, UAC, Cotonou, BENIN @Lab. des Sciences et Techniques de l’Eau de l’Ecole Polytechnique d’Abomey Calavi, UAC, Cotonou, BENIN @Lab. d’Etude et de Recherche en Chimie Appliquée, Ecole Polytech. d’Abomey/Calavi, UAC, Cotonou, BENIN<#LINE#>2/7/2012<#LINE#>16/7/2012<#LINE#>This study has been conducted to characterize the household wastewaters rejected by the populations of Tokpa-Zoungo, a populous district of the city of Abomey-Calavi in Southern Benin. The laboratory analyses on samples of wastewaters taken from the cesspools, and near several compounds (houses) in the study area, revealed that the average load of polluting effluents to be treated is important (36O mg / l COD, 180 mg / l for BOD5). The results show that the wastewaters rejected by the inhabitants are perfectly biodegradable. A treatment by lagooning, using microphyte with three stabilization basins yielded good results with the targeted purifying output being about 88%. The water thus treated is susceptible to be in conformity with discharge standards in sensitive areas such as the lake Nokoué which is the receiving medium in this case. The study also suggested a network for the collection of wastewaters rejected by the populations of the study zone. Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) therefore will be the primary waste water receiving entity. Two phases have been achieved during the course of the present study, the first one being the topographic surveys that have been conducted to measure the slopes and the pressure drops to the WWTP, and the second. The dimensioning of the pipes to insure drainage of waters to the wastewater treatment plant WWTP.<#LINE#>CIEH,@Etude comparative des systèmes d@CIEH; Ouagadougou, 66 (1993)@No$UADE, OIEAU,@Assainissement urbain en Afrique : Gestion des déchets liquides et solides dans les centres urbains d@Rapport final du Séminaire Assainissement Urbain en Afrique, Ministère Français de la coopération (1993)@No$Charbonnel Y., Simo A.,@Procédé et systèmes de traitement biologiques d@Université de Yaoundé, Brevet OAPI n° 8320, 11 (1986)@No$Pearson H.W., Mara D.D., Calwley L.R., Arridge H.M. and Silva S.A.,@The performance of an innovative tropical experimental waste stabilization pond system operating at high organic loadings,@Wat. Sci. Tech., 33 (7), 63-73 (1996)@No$Koné D.,@Epuration des eaux usées par lagunage à Microphytes et à Macrophytes en Afrique de l@Thèse de Doctorat ès Sciences Techniques, Faculté Environnement Naturel, Architectural Et Construit / Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (N° 2653), 170 (2002)@No$Aina M., Mama D., Yao B., Labanowski J., Moudachirou M., Matejka G., Feuillade G.,@Remediation of Wastewater From Paper Mill Industry by Ultrafiltration and Aerated Lagoon,@J. App. Sci. Res., 5(11), 2035-2040, (2009)@No$SEIDL M.,@Mouchel J.M., Valorisation des eaux usées par lagunage dans les pays en voie de développement.@Centre d’Enseignement et de Recherche Eau Ville Environnement, 43 (2003)@No$Effebi R.,@Lagunage anaérobie : modélisation combinant la décantation primaire et la dégradation anaérobie.@Thèse de doctorat, Université de Liège Campus d’ARLON, 235 (2009)@No$Malick G. M.; Raval V.H., Zadyfia S. K.., Patej A.V.,@Idol immersion and Physico-Chimical properties of South Gujarat rivers, India,@Res. J. Chemical Sci., 2(3), 21-25 (2012)@No$Bourrier R.,@Les réseaux d’assainissement,@Cinquième édition, TEC et DOC, Lavoisier, Paris, 671 (2008)@No$Paing J.,@Bilan du carbone et du soufre dans le lagunage anaérobie : contrôle de l’émission d’H2S pour la réduction des nuisances olfactives.@Thèse de doctorat, Université Montpellier I, 255 (2001)@No$Degrémont,@Mémento Techniques de l’Eau.@Dixième édition, Tome 1, Lavoisier, Paris, 785 (2005)@No$Echihabi L., Yagoubo M., Foutlane A., Bourchich L., Ychioui M. El., Jellal J.,@Etude des performances épuratoires de la station d’épuration des eaux usées de la ville de Boujaad- type lagunage naturel.@Wat. Sci. Tech., 42 (10), 9-16 (2000)@No$Picot B., Paing J., Sambuco J. P., Costa R. H. R. and Rambaud A.,@Biogaz production, sludge accumulation and mass balance of carbon in anaerobic ponds.@5th International IWA Specialist Group Conference on waste stabilization ponds, Auckland- New Zealand, 1, 381-388 (2002)@No$Mara D.D., Pearson H.W.,@Design Manual for Waste stabilization ponds inmediterranean countries, Leeds,@Lagoon International Technology Ltd, 112 (1998)@No
<#LINE#>Intrusion Detection and Prevention System (IDPS) Technology- Network Behavior Analysis System (NBAS)<#LINE#>Tiwari @Nitin,Solanki @Rajdeep Singh,Pandya @Gajaraj Singh  <#LINE#>51-56<#LINE#>9.ISCA-JEngS-2012-032.pdf<#LINE#>Singhania University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, INDIA@Singhania University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, INDIA@Singhania University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, INDIA<#LINE#>11/7/2012<#LINE#>19/7/2012<#LINE#>Intrusion detection is the process of monitoring the events occurring in a computer system or network and analyzing them for signs of possible incidents, which are violations or imminent threats of violation of computer security policies, acceptable use policies, or standard security practices. Intrusion prevention is the process of performing intrusion detection and attempting to stop detected possible incidents. Intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDPS) are primarily focused on identifying possible incidents, logging information about them, attempting to stop them, and reporting them to security administrators. In addition, organizations use IDPSs for other purposes, such as identifying problems with security policies, documenting existing threats, and deterring individuals from violating security policies. IDPSs have become a necessary addition to the security infrastructure of nearly every organization. In this paper we discuss the one technology of IDPS named network behavior analysis system. A network behavior analysis system (NBAS) is basically an IDPS (intrusion detection and prevention system) technology which examines network traffic to identify threats that generate unusual traffic flows, such as distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks, certain forms of malware, and policy violations, In this paper we provides a detailed discussion of NBA technologies. First, it covers the major components of the NBA technologies and explains the architectures typically used for deploying the components. It also examines the security capabilities of the technologies in depth, including the methodologies they use to identify suspicious activity. The rest of the part discusses the management capabilities of the technologies, including recommendations for implementation and operation.<#LINE#>Scarefone Karen and Mell Peter,@Computer Securiy,@National Institute of Standard Technology, (2007)@No$W. Stallings@Networks Security Essentials: Application and Standards,@Pearson Education (2007)@No$Shukla Brahma Dutta and Gupta V.K.,@Performance Interoperability between RDBs and OODBs,@Res. J. Recent Sci., 1, 419-421 (2012)@No$Gupta Dhiraj, Shukla Brahma Dutta@Constraint of Secured Database in Distributed Database management System,@advancement in computational technique & application, 1, 190-194 (2011)@No$Sheetlani Jitendra and Gupta V.K.,@Concurrency Issues of Distributed Advance Transaction Process,@Res. J. Recent Sci., 1, 426-429 (2012)@No$Gligor V.D. and Shattuck S.H.,@Deadlock detection in distributed systems,@IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. SE-6, 5, 435-440 (1980)@No$Gupta Dhiraj and Gupta V.K.,@Approaches for Deadlock Detection and Deadlock Prevention for Distributed systems,@Res. J. Recent Sci., 1, 422-425 (2012)@No$Mell Peter and Scarfone Karen,@Guide to Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems,@U.S. Department of Commerce (2007)@No$Moss E.B.,@Nested transactions: An approach to reliable distributed computing,@Ph.D. dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA (1981)@No$Gray J.N.,@Notes on database operating systems. In Operating Systems: An Advanced Course,@Springer-Verlag, New York, 60, 393-481 (1978)@No
<#LINE#>Vocoder (LPC) Analysis by Variation of Input Parameters and Signals<#LINE#>Gupta @Rajani,Mehta @Alok K. ,Tiwari@ Vebhav <#LINE#>57-61<#LINE#>10.ISCA-JEngS-2012-036.pdf<#LINE#>Truba College of Engineering and Technology Indore, INDIA@Truba College of Engineering and Technology Indore, INDIA@Truba College of Engineering and Technology Indore, INDIA<#LINE#>31/10/2011<#LINE#>29/1/2012<#LINE#>In this paper we have performed analysis on the quality of processed signals by varying various parameters associated with the Linear Predictive Coder (LPC) vocoder, designed as a project. The aim of the project was to compress (encode) voice signals using a lossy compression technique called LPC and obtain a compression rate up to 95% to utilize channel bandwidth by using less resources. But while performing the analysis this time we have given priority to the quality compromising a little on the efficiency of the process. In this paper we analyze the effect of sampling rate, order of the vocoder and size of the frame on standard male and female voice signal patterns. The LPC vocoder is designed using MATLAB®.<#LINE#>Rabiner  L.R. and Schafer R.W.,@Digital Processing of Speech Signals,@Prentice-Hall Englewoods Cliffs,  Chapter 3,  38-103, Chapter 5, 172-232, Chapter 8, 396-453 (1978)@No$Sosnin I.N. and Rajfeld M.A.,@Algorithm of compensation of an acoustic noise for improvement of operation of digital algorithms of a speech coding (vocoders)@Electrical and Computer Engineering, 146-149 (2010)@No$Cao Binshi,@Sub band synthesized LPC vector quantization (SBS-LPC-VQ),@IEEE Workshop, 114-116 (2000)@No$Harish D. and Ramasubramanian V.,@Comparison of segment quantizers: VQ, MQ, VLSQ and unit-selection algorithms for ultra low bit-rate speech coding,@Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, 4773-4776 (2008)@No$Nascimento F.A.R. and  Fraga F.J.,@New methods for improvement of sinusoidal transform vocoders,@ICME@No$Makinen J., Ojala P. and Toukomaa H.,@Performance comparison of source controlled GSM, AMR and SMV Vocoders,@Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems, 151-154 (2004)@No$Jurafsky Daniel and James H. Martin,@Speech and language processing,@Prentice Hall (2000)@No$Yallapragada  R. and Kripalani V.,@Increments in voice capacity and impact on voice quality with new vocoders in GSM and CDMA systems,@IEEE International Conference, 100-104 (2002)@No$Sosnin I.N. and Rajfeld M.A.,@Algorithm of compensation of an acoustic noise for improvement of operation of digital algorithms of a speech coding (vocoders),@Electron Devices and Materials Proceedings, 146- 149 (2003)@No$Islam M.S., Islam M.N., Alam M.S., Riaz M.A. and  Hasan  M.T.,@Performance evaluation of various vocoders in mobile ad hoc network (MANET),@Electrical and Computer Engineering, 670-673 (2010)@No
<#LINE#>Optimization of an Exhaust Gas Recirculation Cooler using CFD Technique <#LINE#>Duraisamy @S.,Bhaleghare @Santosh S.,Sundaralingam @S.,Thundil @Karuppa Raj R.,Elango @T. <#LINE#>62-67<#LINE#>11.ISCA-JEngS-2012-037.pdf<#LINE#>School of Mechanical and Building Sciences, VIT University, Vellore-632014, TN, INDIA@School of Mechanical and Building Sciences, VIT University, Vellore-632014, TN, INDIA@School of Mechanical and Building Sciences, VIT University, Vellore-632014, TN, INDIA@School of Mechanical and Building Sciences, VIT University, Vellore-632014, TN, INDIA@School of Mechanical and Building Sciences, VIT University, Vellore-632014, TN, INDIA<#LINE#>19/7/2012<#LINE#>21/7/2012<#LINE#>Presently exhaust emission regulation for automobile engines are being too much strengthened worldwide. In order to comply with modern pollution control norms exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system is recognized as one of most potential techniques to reduce NOx. EGR cooler is one of the important components in EGR system. This study represents the methodology to optimize EGR cooler based on numerical techniques using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools. The EGR cooler performance highly depends on the design, shape and size of the cooler tubes and diffuser. By optimizing the size and the shape of the diffuser it is possible to increase the effectiveness of the EGR cooler. The flow and the heat distribution will be analyzed for the optimized geometry of the EGR cooler. The pre-processing work and post processing is carried out using STAR CCM+. The governing equations conservation of mass, momentum and energy are solved.<#LINE#>Bowman C.T.,@Control of Combustion-Generated Nitrogen Oxide Emissions: Technology Driven by Regulations,@Twenty-Fourth Symposium (International) on Combustion  859-878, (1992)@No$Turns S.R.,@An Introduction to Combustion;@McGraw-Hill, (1996)@No$Holman J.P.,@Heat Transfer,@McGraw-Hill publications (2002)@No$Suhas V. Patankar,@Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow,@Taylor and Francis publications (1980)@No$John D. Anderson,@Computaiional Fluid Dynamics; The Basics with Applications,@McGraw-Hill publications (1995)@No$Paul Zelenka, Hans Aufinger, Walter Reczek, Wolfgang Cartellieri,@Cooled EGR- A Key Technology for Future Efficient HD Diesel,@SAE-980190 (1998)@No$Lucien Charnay, Hans-Erik Ångström and Lena Andersson, Björn Palm,@CFD Optimization of an EGR Cooler for Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines,@Institute of Heat and Transfer Technology,  SAE-2001-01-1755 (2001)@No$Yong-Wha Kim, Michiel Van Nieuwstadt and In Kwang Yoo,@EGR Cooler Performance Monitor-Heuristic Approaches Using Temperature Measurement,@SAE -2011-01-0707 (2011)@No$Melgar A., Horrillo A. and Cabaco G.,@Theoretical and Experimental Methodology for the Improvement of EGR-Coolers Design,@SAE- 2004-01-0052 (2004)@No$Sang-Ki Park, Kap-Seung Choi, Hak-Min Wang, Hyung-Man Kim and Dae-Hee Lee,@Heat Exchange Efficiency Characteristics of EGR Cooler with Stack-Type or Shell and Tube-Type,@SAE-2007-01-3446 (2007)@No
@Short Communication
<#LINE#>Strength Characteristics of Pre Cast Concrete Blocks Incorporating  Waste Glass Powder<#LINE#>Patel@Dhirendra,Yadav@R.K. ,Chandak@R. <#LINE#>68-70<#LINE#>12.ISCA-JEngS-2012-019.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Civil Engineering, Jabalpur Engineering College, Jabalpur, MP-482011, INDIA@Department of Civil Engineering, Jabalpur Engineering College, Jabalpur, MP-482011, INDIA@Department of Civil Engineering, Jabalpur Engineering College, Jabalpur, MP-482011, INDIA<#LINE#>11/6/2012<#LINE#>15/6/2012<#LINE#>In developing countries like India growth of nation along with waste produced going it simultaneously, and the latter one is the effect of first. This paper deals with studies on the use of waste glass powder in  concrete  with moderate level of decrease in  compressive strength  at 28 days , is locally available, and its use as a cement replacement material presents an efficient waste management option, without compromising concrete performance.<#LINE#>Byras E.A., Morales B. and Zhu H.Y.,@Waste glass as concrete aggregate and Pozzolana - laboratory and industrial projects,@Concrete, 38, 41-44 (2004)@No$Enviromental Protection Agency (EPA),@Municipal  Solid Waste Generation, Recycling and Disposal in the United States: Facts and Figures for 2005,@EPA-530-F06-039, (2006)@No$Neville A.M.,@Properties of Concrete,@Fourth Edition, (1995)@No$Park S.B., Lee B.C. and Kim J.H.,@Studies on mechanical proper-ties of concrete containing waste glass aggregate,@Cement and Concrete Research, 34, 2181-2189 (2004)@No$Topcu I.B. and Canbaz C.,@Properties of concrete containing waste glass,@Cement and Concrete Research, 34, 267-274 (2004)@No$Jin W., Meyer C. and Baxter S.,@Glascrete–Concrete with glass aggregates,@ACI Materials Journal, 97, 208-213, (2000)@No$Meyer C., Egosi N. and Andela C.,@Concrete with waste glass as aggregate, in Proceedings of Recycling and reuse of glass cullet,@Concrete technology unit of ASCE and University of Dundee, (2001)@No$Sangha C.M., Alani A.M. and Walden P.J.,@Relative strength of green glass cullet concrete,@Magazine of Concrete Research, 56, 293-297 (2004)@No$Lam C.S., Poon C.S. and Chan D.,@Enhancing the performance of pre-cast concrete blocks by incorporating waste glass – ASR consideration,@Cement and Concrete Composites, 29, 616-625 (2007)@No$Chen G., Lee H., Young K.L., Yue P.L., Wong A., Tao T. and Choi K.K.,@Glass recycling in cement production – an innovative approach,@Waste Management, 22, 747-753 (2002)@No$Xie Z. and Xi Y.,@Use of recycled glass as a raw material in the manufacture of Portland cement,@Materials and Structures, 35, 510-15 (2002)@No$Shayan A. and Xu A.,@Value-added utilization of waste glass in concrete,@Cement and Concrete Research, 34, 81-89 (2004)@No$Shao Y., Lefort T., Moras S. and Rodriguez D.,@Studies on concrete containing ground waste glass,@Cement and Concrete Re-search, 30, 91-100 (2000)@No$Shi C., Wu Y., Riefler C. and Wang H.,@Characteristics and pozzolanic reactivity of glass powders,@Cement and Concrete Re-search, 35, 987-993 (2005)@No$Dyer T.D. and Dhir R.K.,@Chemical reactions of glass cullet used as cement component,@Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 13, 412-417 (2001)@No$Schwarz N. and Neithalath N.,@Influence of a fine glass powder on cement hydration: Comparison to fly ash and modeling the degree of hydration,@Cement and Concrete Research, 38, 429-436 (2008)@No$Shi C. and Zheng K.,@A review on the use of waste glasses in the production of cement and concrete,@Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 52, 234-247 (2007)@No$BIS@Indian Standard code of Practice for specification for ordineary portland cement I.S 269-1976,@Bureau of Indian Standard New Delhi (1976)@No$BIS,@Indian Standard code of Practice for pre cast concrete units- guidelines,@I.S 2185(Part 1979, Bureau of Indian Standard New Delhi (1979)@No$BIS,@Indian Standard code of Practice for specification for coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources for concrete,@IS383-1970 Bureau of Indian Standard New Delhi (1970)@No
<#LINE#>Effect of Pretreatments on Quality Attributes of Dried Green Chilli Powder<#LINE#>Take @Ajaykumar M.,Jadhav @Sandeep L.,Bhotmange @Madhukar G. <#LINE#>71-74<#LINE#>13.ISCA-JEngS-2012-020.pdf<#LINE#>Dept. of Food Technology, S.P. College of Food Technology, Kharawate-Dahiwali, Dr. B.S.K.K.V, Dapoli -415606, MS, INDIA@Dept. of Food Technology, Laxminarayan Institute of Technology, RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur– 440033, MS, INDIA@Dept. of Food Technology, Laxminarayan Institute of Technology, RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur– 440033, MS, INDIA<#LINE#>12/6/2012<#LINE#>15/6/2012<#LINE#>Chilli (Capsicum annuum L) known for their sharp acidic flavor and color was processed in to powder and evaluated for its chemical attributes. The chillies of two different verities (Tejas and NP-46) were blanched in hot water at 900C for 3 minute and given horizontal cuts of 1cm in order to improve the drying rate after blanching. These cuts of chillies were pretreated with the solution containing 1% ascorbic acid, 0.3% sodium metabisulphite, 0.3% sodium metabisulphite and 1% calcium chloride after blanching by giving 10 minute soaking in above solutions. The ratio of the green chilli: pretreatment solution is 250 g: 1 Liter followed by surface drying at 600C and 700C; then ground to make a fine powder. Green chilli powder yielded from Tejas variety has shown more green color as compared to NP-46. Using NaMS at drying air temperature of 600C provided more bright green color.<#LINE#>Lahudia A.P. and Kulkarni P.R.,@Chemical composition of green chilli varieties,@Indian Food Packer, 32(2), 22-24 (1978)@No$Ahmed J. and Shivhare U.S.,@Effect of pretreatment on drying characteristics and color of dehydrated green chillies,@J. Food Science Technol, 38, 504-506 (2001)@No$Wiriya P., Paiboon T. and Somchart S.,@Effect of drying air temperature and chemical pretreatments on quality of dried chilli,@In.l Food Res. J., 16, 441-454 (2009)@No$A.O.A.C,@Official methods of analysis,@15th edition, Association of official analytical chemists, Washington D.C. (1990)@No$Arora S. and Bharti S.,@Effect of mechanical drying on quality of chilli varieties,@J. Food Science Technol, 42(2), 179-182 (2005)@No$Khurana D.S. and Sandhu A.S,@Capsaicin and coloring matter of different cultivars of chilli dehydrated with different methods,@Indian Food Packer, 36-39 (1997)@No$Ranganna S.,@Handbook of analysis and quality control of fruits and vegetables products,@Tata-Mc Graw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd, New Delhi (1986)@No$Sadhana Arora and Shelly Bharti,@Effect of mechanical drying on quality of chilli varieties,@J. Food Science Technol, 42(2), 179-182 (2005)@No$William Renzo Cortez-Vega W., B.P. Angelica Maria, S. Juliana Marques and F. Gustavo Graciano,@Effect of L-Ascorbic acid and sodium metabisulfite in the inhibition of the enzymatic browning of minimally processed apple.@Int. J. Agric. Res, 3, 196-201 (2008)@No$Patil M.M., Kalse S.B. and Jain S.K.,@OSMO-Convective Drying of Onion Slices,@Res. J. Recent Sci. 1(1), 51-59, (2012)@No
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Optimized Maximum Power Point Tracker for Current Environmental Conditions and Sustainable Development<#LINE#>Swarup@ T.,Ansari @Anjum <#LINE#>75-82<#LINE#>14.ISCA-JEngS-2012-016.pdf<#LINE#>Digital Communication, BUIT, Barkatullah University, Bhopal- 462026, MP, INDIA@Department of Chemistry and Environment, BUIT, Barkatullah University, Bhopal- 462026, MP, INDIA<#LINE#>9/6/2012<#LINE#>16/6/2012<#LINE#>Every photovoltaic cell array has an optimum operating point, called the maximum power point (MPP), which varies depending on cell temperature and the present insulation level. The solar-powered racing vehicle sol train is not yet equipped with such a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) device. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques are used in PV systems to make maximum utilization of PV array output power which depends on solar irradiation and ambient temperature.  The addition of such an operating point controller will yield an estimated 60% increase in power output from the solar cells. This leads to a higher efficiency of the overall system without adding any additional photovoltaic cell surface to the existing array. This paper will introduce a novel approach to analyze, simulate, and evaluate the complete solar power supply system with a digital MPPT controller under varying operating conditions as they are experienced in a moving outdoor vehicle.<#LINE#>@http://www.restats.org.uk/@electricity.htm,@No$Tomas Markvart,@Solar electricity,@2nd edition, Wiley, (1999)   http://www.renewableenergyworld.com, accessed on (2008)@No$Dev N., Attri R., Mittal V., Kumar S., Mohit Satyapal and Kumar P.,@Thermodynamic Analysis of a Combined Heat and Power System,@Res. J. of Recent Sci., 1(3), 76-79 (Mar. 2012)@No$International Solar Energy Society.@United Kingdom Section, Solar energy: a UK assessment,@ISBN: 090496308 (1976)@No$Lorenzo E.,@Solar electricity:  Engineering of Photovoltaic systems,@Published by PROGENSA, (1994)@No$Boreland M. and Bagnall D.,@Current and future photovoltaic,@available at http://www.foresight.gov.uk /Energy/current_and_future_photovoltaics_.pdf, accessed on (2008)@No$Bleijs J.A.M. and Simmons A.D.,@Flexible PV demonstration and research system at the  University of Leicester: Performance and modelling,@Proceedings of the 20th European Union  Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, Barcelona, 2705-2708 (2005)@No$Bleijs J.A.M. and Mayere A.L.U.,@PV system at the University of Leicester: Performance and  Developments,@Proceedings  of  the  22nd  European  PV  Solar Energy Conference, Milan, 3089-3093 (2007)@No$Gow J.A. and Bleijs J.A.M.,@A modular DC-DC converter and maximum power tracking   controller  for  medium  to  large  scale  photovoltaic  generating  plant,@Proceedings of the 8th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, EPE’99, 8 (1999)@No$Hashemi S. 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