International Science Community Association International Research Journal of Environmental Sciences 2319-1414 9 4 2020 10 22 The vigorous of land access and management implication on crop production among smallholder farmers in the Southern Highlands, Tanzania 7 13 EN K.M. Harishma 1 Division of Forest Botany, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi 680 653, Kerala, India S. Sandeep 2 Division of Forest Botany, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi 680 653, Kerala, India V.B. Sreekumar 3 Division of Soil Science, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi 680 653, Kerala, India Gwambene Brown 1 Marian University College, Bagamoyo, Tanzania > Research Paper 2020 3 16 2020 10 22 Among the major challenge in land use, smallholder farmers face over the years has been land fragmentation to accommodate family land requirements. They are straggling to increase land productivity, adapt to climate variability and access to adequate seeds, fertilizer and other inputs. Low uptake of new technology and the effect of changing climate stretched the problem and it becoming the grave of concern that posed formidable threats to smallholder farmers. These reverted smallholder farmers to the food purchaser contrary to producers who contribute to the food basket. To acquire reliable and valid informationa combination of both qualitative and quantitative techniques deployed in data collection. Specifically, the study reviewed the existing literature and employed Questionnaire survey, focus group discussion (FGD), Key informant interview (KI) and field observation. The focus was on examining the land use dynamic and their implication on the food crop production among smallholder farmers. The results indicated the vulnerability of smallholder farmers tohovering food prices and high production cost resulting from land shortage/ exhaustion, increasing production cost and changing environment. It concluded that deteriorating in agricultural productivity and food crop production among smallholder farmers resulted in dependency on purchased food as food consumption is outpacing food production. Thus, recommends the need for tactical measures to ameliorate the divergent and dynamic factors responsible for and increase agricultural productivity and food crop production to cater for exceeding population demands. Investing in innovative and improved farming production practices to enhance the resilience and capacity of smallholder farmers to adapt to changing environment and sustaining land productivity recommended for addressing the challenges. Copyright@ International Science Community Association