International Science Community Association International Research Journal of Environmental Sciences 2319-1414 9 2 2020 04 22 Impact of water pollution on human health and environment: a review 62 69 EN Okparaocha Funmilayo J. 1 Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria and Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Ibadan, Nigeria Oyeleke Peter O. 2 Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Ibadan, Nigeria Bankole Akinyele A. 3 Institute of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria Saler Parul S. 1 Environment cepartment, K.I.T.'s College of Engineering, Kolhapur Maharashtra, India Nerlekar Tanaya H. 2 Environment department, K.I.T.'s College of Engineering, (an Autonomous Institute) Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India Bhoite Harshvardhan V. 1 Department of Environmental Engineering, Kolhapur Institute of Technology's College of Engineering (Autonomous), Kolhapur, India Thorvat Akshay Rajan 2 Department of Environmental Engineering, Kolhapur Institute of Technology's College of Engineering (Autonomous), Kolhapur, India Chaudhary Sheetal 1 Himalayan College, Roorkee Institute of Technology, Puhana, Roorkee-247667, India Sharma Ramesh C. 2 Department of Environmental Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar Garhwal 246174, Uttarakhand, India Andrée-Marie Kabran E.E. 1 Physical Chemistry laboratory, UFR SSMT, University of Félix Houphouët-Boigny of Cocody Abidjan, B.P. V34 Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire Konan YAO Marcel 2 Physical Chemistry laboratory, UFR SSMT, University of Félix Houphouët-Boigny of Cocody Abidjan, B.P. V34 Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire Albert TROKOUREY 3 Physical Chemistry laboratory, UFR SSMT, University of Félix Houphouët-Boigny of Cocody Abidjan, B.P. V34 Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire Katkar Amar A. 1 Environmental department, K. I. T.'s College of Engineering, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India Patil Arya S. 2 Environmental department, K.I. T.'s College of Engineering, (an Autonomous Institute) Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India Sharma Guncha 1 Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, India Ghosh Chirashree 2 Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, India Chawan Aakash 1 Department of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand College, Mumbai - 400 012, Maharashtra, India Salvankar Pradnya 2 Department of Zoology, Viva College of Science, Commerce and Arts, Virar- West, Palghar -401 303, Maharashtra, India S. Sinha 1 Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India J. Singh 2 Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India Bansal O.P. 1 Chemistry Department, D.S. College, Aligarh-202001, India > Review Paper 2019 8 6 2020 04 22 About 70% of the earth is covered by water but only 2.5% of it is freshwater and less than 13% is available to our increasing population. Globally groundwater is the main source of water for domestic, agricultural, industrial purposes in rural and urban areas. Due to increase in population, rapid industrialization, mismanaged agricultural practices, household sewage water, and sewage, landfills, medicines the groundwater is becoming contaminated by potentially toxic metals, pesticides, nitrate, fluoride, volatile organic compounds and pharmaceuticals by leaching process. Groundwater contamination causes a range of effects to animals and human beings. In developing countries, about 80% of diseases are waterborne diseases. Typhoid, Cholera, bacillary dysentery, hepatitis, amoebic dysentery, skin irritation, schistosomiasis, respiratory problems, gastrointestinal disorder, diarrhoea, stomatitis, tremor, hemoglobinuria, ataxia, pneumonia, depression, liver cirrhosis, hair loss, renal failure, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer, and neural disorder dental or skeletal fluorosis, methemoglobinemia, neurological disorder, cardiovascular disease, cancer, muscle paralysis, pneumonia, fetal malnutrition, leukemia, urticaria, anaphylaxis, bronchospasm, hemolyticanemia, thrombocytopemia, acute interstitial nephritis, serum sickness, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, optic neuropathy, retinal detachment and brain abscess are some diseases caused by contaminated groundwater. Copyright@ International Science Community Association