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	<PublisherName>International Science Community Association</PublisherName>

	<JournalTitle>International Research Journal of Environmental Sciences</JournalTitle> 

	<Issn>2319-1414</Issn>

	<Volume>8</Volume>

	<Issue>4</Issue>

	<PubDate PubStatus="ppublish"> 

	<Year>2019</Year> 

	<Month>10</Month> 

	<Day>22</Day> 

	</PubDate>

	</Journal>



	<ArticleTitle>Indigenous methods used in rainfall forecasting, the case study of communities in ward 18 of Fort Rixon, Zimbabwe</ArticleTitle> 


	<FirstPage>52</FirstPage>

	<LastPage>60</LastPage>



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		<Author> 

		<FirstName>Henri Kp&egrave;d&eacute;kpo </FirstName>

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		<LastName>AKOGBETO</LastName>

		<Suffix>1</Suffix>

		<Affiliation>International Chair in Mathematical Physics and Applications (ICMPA), Faculty of Sciences and Technologies (FAST), University Abomey-Calavi, 072 P.O.Box 50, Cotonou, Benin  and Unit&eacute; de Recherche sur les Zones Humides, D&eacute;partement de Zoologie, Facult&eacute; des Sciences et Techniques, Universit&eacute; d&prime;Abomey-Calavi, 01BP526 Cotonou, B&eacute;nin</Affiliation>

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		<FirstName>Emile Didier  </FirstName>

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		<LastName>FIOGBE</LastName>

		<Suffix>2</Suffix>

		<Affiliation>Unit&eacute; de Recherche sur les Zones Humides, D&eacute;partement de Zoologie, Facult&eacute; des Sciences et Techniques, Universit&eacute; d&prime;Abomey-Calavi, 01BP526 Cotonou, B&eacute;nin</Affiliation>

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		<FirstName>N.N. </FirstName>

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		<LastName>Punchihewa</LastName>

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		<Affiliation>Department of Zoology, The Open University of Sri Lanka, Nawala, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka</Affiliation>

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		<FirstName>E.M.D  </FirstName>

		<MiddleName> </MiddleName>

		<LastName>Tharangani</LastName>

		<Suffix>2</Suffix>

		<Affiliation>Department of Zoology, The Open University of Sri Lanka, Nawala, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka</Affiliation>

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		<FirstName>Nandagopal </FirstName>

		<MiddleName> </MiddleName>

		<LastName>P.</LastName>

		<Suffix>1</Suffix>

		<Affiliation>Department of Environmental Science, Bangalore University, Jnanabharathi Campus, Bengaluru-560056, India </Affiliation>

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		<FirstName>Harish R.  </FirstName>

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		<LastName>Bhat</LastName>

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		<Affiliation>Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru-560012, India</Affiliation>

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		<FirstName>Shakya </FirstName>

		<MiddleName> </MiddleName>

		<LastName>Sudarshana</LastName>

		<Suffix>1</Suffix>

		<Affiliation>Department of Botany, Bhaktapur Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Bhaktapur, Nepal</Affiliation>

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		<FirstName>Yadav Pramod </FirstName>

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		<LastName>Kumar</LastName>

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		<Affiliation>Department of Chemistry, Thakur Ram Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Birgunj, Nepal</Affiliation>

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		<FirstName>Pant Dipesh </FirstName>

		<MiddleName> </MiddleName>

		<LastName>Raj</LastName>

		<Suffix>3</Suffix>

		<Affiliation>Department of Environment Science, Tri-chandra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvn University, Kathmandu, Nepal</Affiliation>

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		<FirstName>Shakya Ramesh </FirstName>

		<MiddleName> </MiddleName>

		<LastName>Kaji</LastName>

		<Suffix>4</Suffix>

		<Affiliation>Department of Zoology, Padma Kanya Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal</Affiliation>

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		<FirstName>Shrestha </FirstName>

		<MiddleName> </MiddleName>

		<LastName>Mahesh</LastName>

		<Suffix>5</Suffix>

		<Affiliation>Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Padma Kanya Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal</Affiliation>

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		<FirstName>Pradhananga Achut </FirstName>

		<MiddleName> </MiddleName>

		<LastName>Ram</LastName>

		<Suffix>6</Suffix>

		<Affiliation>Department of Chemistry, Padma Kanya Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal</Affiliation>

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		<FirstName>Shrestha Prem  </FirstName>

		<MiddleName> </MiddleName>

		<LastName>Kumar</LastName>

		<Suffix>7</Suffix>

		<Affiliation>Department of Chemistry, Padma Kanya Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal</Affiliation>

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		<FirstName>Shakya Pawan  </FirstName>

		<MiddleName> </MiddleName>

		<LastName>Raj</LastName>

		<Suffix>8</Suffix>

		<Affiliation>Department of Chemistry, Padma Kanya Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal</Affiliation>

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		<FirstName>Khin Myint </FirstName>

		<MiddleName> </MiddleName>

		<LastName>Mar</LastName>

		<Suffix>1</Suffix>

		<Affiliation>Department of Zoology, University of Magway, Myanmar</Affiliation>

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		<Author> 

		<FirstName>Thin Thin </FirstName>

		<MiddleName> </MiddleName>

		<LastName>Khaing </LastName>

		<Suffix>2</Suffix>

		<Affiliation>Department of Zoology, University of Magway, Myanmar</Affiliation>

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		<Author> 

		<FirstName>Ma  </FirstName>

		<MiddleName> </MiddleName>

		<LastName>Win</LastName>

		<Suffix>3</Suffix>

		<Affiliation>Department of Zoology, University of Magway, Myanmar</Affiliation>

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		<Author> 

		<FirstName>Joshi </FirstName>

		<MiddleName> </MiddleName>

		<LastName>Anushri</LastName>

		<Suffix>1</Suffix>

		<Affiliation>Department of Geography, Shri Haridas Kalidas Arts College, Ashram Road, Ahmedabad, Gujarat-380009, India</Affiliation>

		</Author>
		<Author> 

		<FirstName>Desai </FirstName>

		<MiddleName> </MiddleName>

		<LastName>Ajay</LastName>

		<Suffix>2</Suffix>

		<Affiliation>Mehsana Urban Institute of Sciences, Ganpat University, Ganpat Vidhyanagar, Mehsana, Gujarat-384012, India</Affiliation>

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		<FirstName>Mehta </FirstName>

		<MiddleName> </MiddleName>

		<LastName>Kavit</LastName>

		<Suffix>3</Suffix>

		<Affiliation>Mehsana Urban Institute of Sciences, Ganpat University, Ganpat Vidhyanagar, Mehsana, Gujarat-384012, India</Affiliation>

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		<FirstName>Bhatt </FirstName>

		<MiddleName> </MiddleName>

		<LastName>Keyur2 </LastName>

		<Suffix>4</Suffix>

		<Affiliation>Mehsana Urban Institute of Sciences, Ganpat University, Ganpat Vidhyanagar, Mehsana, Gujarat-384012, India</Affiliation>

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		<FirstName>Jain  </FirstName>

		<MiddleName> </MiddleName>

		<LastName>B.K.</LastName>

		<Suffix>5</Suffix>

		<Affiliation>M.G. Science Institute, Navarangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat-380009, India</Affiliation>

		</Author>
		<Author> 

		<FirstName>Elizabeth Wangui </FirstName>

		<MiddleName> </MiddleName>

		<LastName>Muoria</LastName>

		<Suffix>1</Suffix>

		<Affiliation>Department of Environmental Science, Egerton University. P.O. Box 536 Egerton Njoro, Kenya</Affiliation>

		</Author>
		<Author> 

		<FirstName>Wilkister Nyaora </FirstName>

		<MiddleName> </MiddleName>

		<LastName>Moturi</LastName>

		<Suffix>2</Suffix>

		<Affiliation>Department of Environmental Science, Egerton University. P.O. Box 536 Egerton Njoro, Kenya</Affiliation>

		</Author>
		<Author> 

		<FirstName>George Were  </FirstName>

		<MiddleName> </MiddleName>

		<LastName>Eshiamwata</LastName>

		<Suffix>3</Suffix>

		<Affiliation>Natural Sciences, Kenya National Commission for UNESCO, P.O. Box 72017-00200, Nairobi, Kenya</Affiliation>

		</Author>
		<Author> 

		<FirstName>Noel  </FirstName>

		<MiddleName> </MiddleName>

		<LastName>Dube</LastName>

		<Suffix>1</Suffix>

		<Affiliation>Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Zimbabwe Open University. Box 346, Gwanda, Zimbabwe</Affiliation>

		</Author>

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	<PublicationType>Case Study</PublicationType>


	<History>  
	<PubDate PubStatus="received">
	<Year>2019</Year>
	<Month>2</Month>
	<Day>14</Day>
	</PubDate>
	<PubDate PubStatus="accepted">										
	<Year>2019</Year> 
	<Month>10</Month>									
	<Day>22</Day> 
	</PubDate>

	</History>
	<Abstract>The aim of the study was to determine the different indigenous methods used to forecast rainfall and then rank the different forecasting methods. The acceptability of the forecasting methods by the different age groups in the community was also assessed. A random sample of 42 households out of a population of 410 households in Ward 18 of Fort Rixon was done and family members were interviewed using an interview guide. Youths and elders were also engaged in focus group discussions. Observation of fruit trees used to predict rainfall amounts was also done. The major indicators for the onset of rains are the direction of the winds, flowering of certain plants, movement of migratory birds, and behavior of insects. The prediction of the amount of rainfall is based on the amount of fruits produced by different fruit trees, the amount of butterflies and their direction of flight, and the amount and intensity of whirlwinds. The majority of the community 70% rely on the traditional methods of forecasting rainfall, 25% rely on both and 5% rely more on the meteorological department forecasts. There was no relationship between age and the method of forecasting used. The majority of Fort Rixon community members rely on traditional methods of forecasting to plan for their agricultural activities.</Abstract>

	<CopyrightInformation>Copyright@ International Science Community Association</CopyrightInformation>

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