@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Investigating anti-oxidant and anti-diabetic activity of leaf extracts of Justicia adhatoda and Murraya koenigii<#LINE#>S.@Mishra ,M.@Khatri ,V.@Mehra  <#LINE#>1-7<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJBS-2018-095.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biomedical Science, Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, University of Delhi, Delhi-110096, India@Department of Biomedical Science, Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, University of Delhi, Delhi-110096, India@Department of Biomedical Science, Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, University of Delhi, Delhi-110096, India<#LINE#>25/10/2018<#LINE#>4/4/2019<#LINE#>Justicia adhatoda and Murraya koenigii are well known indigenous medicinal plants which have always been used in various Ayurvedic medicines. Where J.adhatoda is known to be effective against bronchitis, asthma, blood disorders, cardiac problems, fever; M.koenigii is known to be useful as laxative, curing persistent boils, vitamin and calcium deficiency as well as osteoporosis. Apart from their uses in Ayurvedic and Unani system, these plants are given no importance in Allopathy. In Ayurvedic system, both plants are also known to be used in the treatment of Diabetes, whose existence can be dated back to Vedic period. The disease is the combination of multiple disorders commonly presenting with the hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance due to lack of insulin, defective insulin activity or both. Till now there is no complete cure of the disease as it is chronic and patient having the disease has to live on lifetime medication. Today, more and more researchers are focusing on plant based treatment as it is safe and devoid of any toxic side effects. In this study, Ethanol and DCM leaf extracts of J.adhatoda and M.koenigii were subjected to in-vitro analysis of Anti-oxidant and Anti-diabetic activity. Both in-vitro assays are the preliminary biochemical tests Both plant extracts were compared and evaluated to find the possible bioactive compound responsible for the above mentioned properties.<#LINE#>Olokoba A.B., Obateru O.A. and Olokoba L.B. (2012).@Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Current Trends.@Oman Med. Journal, 27(4), 269-273. doi:10.5001/omj.2012.68.@Yes$WHO diabetes report (2018).@Global report on Diabetes.@retrieved from http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/204871/1/9789241565257_eng.pdf@No$Mehra V., Mishra S., Gupta N. and Khatri M. (2018).@Diabetes: The next epidemic.@Int. J. of. Life Sciences, 6(2), 665-680.@No$US National Library of Medicine (2018).@BYDUREON- exenatide.@retrieved from https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?set id=71fe88be-b4e6-4c2d-9cc3-8b1864467776@No$Gulfraz M., Ahmad A., Asad M.J., Afzal U., Imran M., Anwar P. and Qureshi R.U. (2011).@Antidiabetic activities of leaves and root extracts of Justicia adhatoda Linn against alloxan induced diabetes in rats.@African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(32), 6101-6106.@Yes$Ajay S., Rahul S., Sumit G., Paras M., Mishra A. and Gaurav A. (2011).@Comprehensive review: Murraya koenigii Linn.@Asian J. Pharma. Life Sci., 1(4), 417-425.@Yes$Mehra V., Khatri M., Mishra S., Singh N., Sharma N., Goswami R. and Kothari P. (2018).@Assessment of Anti-diabetic and Anti-oxidant activity of Murraya Koenigii extracts using in-vitro assays.@Journal of Biomedical and Therapeutic Sciences, 5(1), 1-8.@Yes$Prabhavathi R.M., Prasad M.P. and Jayaramu M. (2016).@Studies on Qualitative and Quantitative Phytochemical Analysis of Cissus quadrangularis.@Advances in Applied Science Research, 7(4), 11-17.@Yes$Kulkarni A., Govindappa M., Channabasava Chandrappa C.P., Ramachandra Y.L. and Koka P.S. (2015).@Phytochemical analysis of Cassia fistula and its in vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.@Advanced Medicinal Plant Research, 3(1), 8-17.@Yes$Debiyi O. and Sofowora F.A. (1978).@Pytochemical screening of medical plants.@Iloyidia, 3, 234-246.@Yes$Garg V.K., Jain M., Sharma P.K. and Garg G.A.R.I.M.A. (2010).@Anti-inflammatory activity of Spinacia oleracea.@International Journal of Pharma Professional&apos;s Research, 1(1), 1-4.@Yes$Govindappa M., Naga S.S., Poojashri M.N., Sadananda T.S. and Chandrappa C.P. (2011).@Antimicrobial, antioxidant and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of ethanol extract and active phytochemical screening of Wedelia trilobata (L.), Hitchc.@Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherepy, 3(3), 43-51.@Yes$Madhu M., Sailaja V., Satyadev T.N.V.S.S. and Satyanarayana M.V. (2016).@Quantitative phytochemical analysis of selected medicinal plant species by using various organic solvents.@Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 5(2), 25-29.@Yes$Harborne J.B. (1998).@Phytochemical Methods.@London: Chapman and Hall, 91.@Yes$Obadoni B.O. and Ochuko P.O. (2002).@Phytochemical studies and comparative efficacy of the crude extracts of some haemostatic plants in Edo and Delta States of Nigeria.@Global Journal of pure and applied sciences, 8(2), 203-208.@Yes$Liyana-Pathirana C.M. and Shahidi F. (2005).@Antioxidant activity of commercial soft and hard wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as affected by gastric pH conditions.@Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 53(7), 2433-2440.@Yes$Alam M.N., Bristi N.J. and Rafiquzzaman M. (2013).@Review on in vivo and in vitro methods evaluation of antioxidant activity.@Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 21(2), 143-152.@Yes$Phatak R.S. and Hendre A.S. (2014).@Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of fresh leaves of Kalanchoe pinnata.@Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2(5), 32-35.@Yes$Brand-Williams W., Cuvelier M.E. and Berset C. (1995).@Use of free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity.@Lebens- Wiss Technol., 28, 25-30.@Yes$Conforti F., Statti G., Loizzo M.R., Sacchetti G., Poli F. and Menichini F. (2005).@In Vitro antioxidant effect and inhibition of alpha-amylase of two varieties of Amaranthus caudatus seeds.@Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 28(6), 1098-1102.@Yes
<#LINE#>MITE species composition from grain stores: a report from Kashmir, India<#LINE#>Dehar@Mohd. Yousuf Paray* and Parminder Singh  <#LINE#>8-16<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJBS-2018-101.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Punjabi University, Patiala-147002, India<#LINE#>29/12/2018<#LINE#>15/4/2019<#LINE#>In storage facilities, mites can be found either in stored food or food residues. In the present investigation, a total of 120 samples were collected and examined for exploring the mite fauna and sampling surveys lasted from March 2017 to February 2018. The samples were collected from the 10 Grain stores, one sample per month from each Grain store. The samples constituted the various materials like organic dust, debris and residues. Out of the 120 samples collected from the 10 Grain stores (12 samples from each Grain Store), 59 (49.17%) samples were infested with mites and 17 mite species were reported. The number of mite-infested samples and the mite populations they contained differed from one Grain store to another Grain store as well as varied dramatically between the hotter and cooler months. The most predominant species reported in terms of the number of samples found infested with and the number of specimens obtained was Acarus siro followed by Tyrophagus putrescentiae.<#LINE#>Solomon M.E. (1946).@Tyroglyphid mites in stored products. Ecological studies.@Ann. of App. Biol., 33(1), 82-97.@Yes$Arlian L.G. (1991).@House-dust-mite allergens: A review.@Exp. Appl. Acarol., 10(3-4), 167-186.@Yes$Arlian L.G., Rapp C.M. and Fernandez-Caldas E. (1993).@Allergenicity of Euroglyphus maynei and its cross-reactivity with Dermatophagoides species.@J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 91(5), 1051-1058.@Yes$Hughes A.M. (1976).@The Mites of stored Food and Houses.@HMSO, London.@Yes$Fain A., Guerin B. and Hart B.J. (1990).@Mites and Allergic Disease.@Allerbio., 89(4), 190.@Yes$Hallas T.E. (1981).@Mites of stored hay in Iceland.@J. Agr. Res. Icel., 13, 61-67.@Yes$Hallas T.E. and Gudmundsson B. (1985).@Mites of stored hay in Iceland, related to quality of hay and the storage duration.@J. Agr. Res. Icel., 17, 31-37.@Yes$Hallas T.E. and Iversen M. (1996).@Sources of exposure to storage mites in the farming environment.@Ann. Agic. Environ.Med., 3, 9-12.@Yes$Gill N.K., Paray M.Y. and Dehar P.S. (2018).@Occurrence and abundance of populations of three Astigmatid mite species in stored products infested with Fusarium species.@Int. J. of interdis. Res. and Innovat., 6(2), 404-411.@No$Gill N.K. and Paray M.Y. (2018).@A study on the occurrence and abundance of mite Acarus siro L. (Acari: Acaridae) reported from the samples of some stored foods in Kashmir (India).@Int. J.  of interdis. Res. and Innovat., 6(4), 512-519.@No$Gill N.K. and Dehar P.S. (2018).@A preliminary report of some stored food products mites of district Sangrur (Punjab) India.@Int. Res. J. Biol Sci., 7(9), 1-6.@No$Solomon M.E. (1945).@Tyroglyphid mites in stored products Methods for the study of population density.@Ann. of App. Biol., 32(1), 71-75.@Yes
<#LINE#>Lead induced changes in protein contents of kidney, liver, muscles and ovary of tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters)<#LINE#>Meshram@Dilip B. ,Masram @Suresh C. ,Baile@Vidya V.  <#LINE#>17-20<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJBS-2018-102.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur-440033, India@Department of Zoology, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur-440033, India@Department of Zoology, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur-440033, India<#LINE#>31/12/2018<#LINE#>8/4/2019<#LINE#>The present study aims to investigate toxicological effects of heavy metal, lead on protein contents of some tissues such as kidney, liver, muscles and ovary of a freshwater teleost, Oreochromis mossambicus. After LC50 determination, fish was exposed to one-third of LC50 as sublethal concentration for 10 days, it showed remarkable changes in protein profiles of all these tissues. Diminution of total proteins in kidney, liver, muscles and ovary was significantly observed (p<0.05). Compared to those in controlled fish, depletion of total proteins was found to be 6.85 % in kidney, 27.40% in liver, 45.23% in muscles and 6.60% in the ovary of experimental fish. Results showed that toxicity of lead to fish tissues was in the order muscles&#707; liver&#707;kidney&#707;ovary. These alterations can be related to toxicological stress caused by heavy metal, lead.<#LINE#>Conacher H.B., Page B.D. and Ryan J.J. (1993).@Industrial chemical contamination of foods [Review].@Food Addit.Contam., 10(1), 129-143.@No$Velez D. and Montoro R. (1998).@Arsenic speciation in manufactured seafood products: a review.@J. Food Prot., 61(9), 1240-1245.@Yes$Sobha K., Poornima A., Harini P. and Veeraiah K. (2007).@A Study on Biochemical Changes in the Fresh Water Fish, Catlacatla (Hamilton) Exposed to the Heavy Metal Toxicant Cadmium Chloride.@Kathmandu Univ. J. Sci. Eng. Technol., 3(2), 1-11.@Yes$Scott G.R. and Sloman K.A. (2004).@The effects of environmental pollutants on complex fish behaviour: integrative behavioural and physiological indicators of toxicity.@Aquat. Toxicol., 68(4), 369-392.@Yes$Mohanambal R. and Puvaneswari S. (2013).@A study on the acute toxicity of lead nitrate ( pb ( no 3 ) 2 ) on the freshwater fish Catlacatla (Hamilton, 1822).@Int. J. Curr. Res., 5(8), 2151-2155.@Yes$Ogamba E., Izah S. and Isimayemiema F. (2016).@Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in the Gill and Liver of a Common Niger Delta Wetland Fish.@Clariasgarepinus. Br. J. Appl. Res., 1(1), 17-20.@Yes$Vutukuru S.S., Iiimabindu J.V. and Anjaneyulu Y. (2009).@Physiological stress responses as biomarkers of sensitivity in Esomusdanricus exposed to copper.@Asian J. Microbiol. Biotech. Env. Sci., 11, 969-975.@No$Vutukuru S.S. and Basani K. (2013).@Acute effects of mercuric chloride on glycogen and protein content of Zebra fish.@Daniorerio. J. Environ. Biol., 34, 277-281.@Yes$Dhanalakshmi B. (2013).@Acute and chronic toxicity of chromium on biochemical composition of the fresh water major carp Cirrhinusmrigala (Hamilton).@Asian J. Sci. Technol., 4(12), 21-26.@Yes$Madhavan P. and Elumalai K. (2016).@Effects of chromium ( VI ) on the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant parameters in the gill and kidney tissues of catfish. Clariasbatrachus ( Linnaeus , 1758 ) ( Actinopterygii&#8239;: Siluriformes).@Int. J. Adv. Res. Biol. Sci., 3(4), 249-255.@Yes$Schmitt C.J., Whyte J.J., Brumbaugh W.G. and Tillitt D.E. (2005).@Biochemical effects of Lead, Zinc, and Cadmium from mining on fish in the tri-states district of Northeastern Oklahoma, USA.@Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 24(6), 1483-1495.@Yes$Abedi Z., Hasantabar F., Khalesi M.K. and Babaei S. (2013).@Effect of Sublethal Concentrations of Cadmium , Lead and Chromium on Some Enzymatic Activities of Common Carp&#8239;; Cyprinus carpio.@World. J. Zool., 8(1), 98-105. https://dx.doi.org/10.5829/idosi.wjz.2013.8.1.7197.@Yes$Naz S. and Javed M. (2013).@Studies on the toxic effects of lead and nickel mixture on two freshwater fishes. Ctenopharyngodon idella and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix.@J. Anim. Plant Sci., 23(3), 798-804.@Yes$Singh K.N., Ojha G.S. and Singh S.N. (2006).@Lead&#8239;: A toxic substance, its effect and removal.@Curr. World Environ., 1(2), 209-212.@Yes$APHA. (2012).@Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater, 22nd edn.@American Public Health Association, Washington DC.@No$Finney D. (1971).@Probit Analysis 3rd ed.@Cambridge University Press.@Yes$Lowry O.H., Rosebrough N.J., Farr A.L. and Randall R.J. (1951).@Protein Measurement With the Folin Phenol Reagent.@J. Biol. Chem., 193(1), 265-275. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(92) 87011-4.@Yes$Tambe R.S. (2014).@Total protein Alteration in Different Tissues of Fresh Water Bivalve, Parreysia cylindrica After Dichlorovos Exposure.@Indian J. Appl. Res., 4(10), 595-597.@No$Bais U.E. and Lokhande M.V. (2012).@Effect of Cadium Chloride on the Biochemical content in different Tissues of the Freshwater Fish Ophicephalus striatus.@Int. Res. J. Biol. Sci., 1(7), 55-57.@Yes$Sudarshan S. and Kulkarni R.S. (2014).@Effect of some hormones on the muscle tissue biochemical contents of the fresh water fish Notopterusnotopterus.@Int. J. Res. Biosci., 3(1), 7-12.@Yes$Borah S. and Yadav R.N.S. (1996).@Biochemical and haematological responses to starvation in an air breathing fresh water teleost Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch).@Indian J. Fish., 43(3), 307-311.@Yes$David M., Mushigeri S.B., Shivakumar R. and Philip G. (2004).@Responses of Cyprinuscarpio (Linn.) to sub-lethal concentration of Cypermethrin: Alterations in protein metabolism profile.@Chemosphere, 56(4), 347-352.@Yes$Sakar A. and Al lail J. (2005).@Fenvalerate induced histopathological and histo-chemical changes in the liver of the cat fish Clariasgariepinus.@J. Appl. Sci. Res., 1(3), 263-267.@Yes$George K.R., Malini N.A. and Rani G.S. (2012).@Biochemical changes in liver and muscle of the cichlid, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852) exposed to sub-lethal concentration of mercuric chloride.@Indian Journal of Fisheries, 59(2), 147-152.@Yes$Nanda P. and Behera M.K. (1996).@Nickel induced changes in some hemato- biochemical parameters of a catfish. Heteropneustus fossilis (Bloch).@Eviron. Ecol., 14, 82-85.@Yes$Snehalata D., Patro S.K. and Sahu B.K. (2001).@Biochemical changes induced by mercury in the liver of penaeid prawns Penaeus indicus and P.monodon from Rushikulya estuary, east coast of India.@Indian J. Mar. Sci., 30, 246-252.@Yes$Vutukuru S.S. (2003).@Chromium induced alterations in some biochemical profiles of the freshwater teleost fish, Labeorohita (Hamilton).@Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 70, 118-123.@Yes$Martin P.D.P. and Arivoli S. (2008).@Biochemical study of freshwater fish Catlacatla with reference to mercuric chloride.@J. Environ. Heal. Sci. Eng., 5, 109-116.@Yes$Atli G. and Canli M. (2011).@Alterations in ion levels of freshwater fish Oreochromisniloticus following acute and chronic exposures to five heavy metals.@Turkish J. Zool., 35(5), 725-736. https://dx.doi.org/10.3906/zoo-1001-31.@Yes
<#LINE#>Bryophyte diversity of Jammu and Kashmir State, India<#LINE#>Thoker @Sameer Ahmad ,Patel@Sapan  <#LINE#>21-28<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJBS-2019-009.pdf<#LINE#>School of Studies in Botany, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, MP, India@School of Studies in Botany, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, MP, India<#LINE#>20/1/2019<#LINE#>6/4/2019<#LINE#>Bryophytes are unique group of land plants which exhibit maximum gametophytic diversity among the entire plant kingdom. They are cosmopolitan in distribution but their luxuriance is determined by a number of environmental factors like light, humidity, Temperature, ph, altitude etc. Himalayas which provide humid and shady conditions are suitable habitats for bryophyte growth. Jammu and Kashmir is situated in the extreme north of Indian union which lies between the coordinates 32&deg;17` to 37&deg;20`north latitude and 73&deg;25 to 80&deg; 30 east longitude. Several tribal communities from different corners of world use different species of bryophyte against several disorders and same is the case of tribal peoples of Jammu and Kashmir.<#LINE#>Asthana A.K. and Srivastava S.C. (1991).@Indian Hornworts A Taxonomic study.@Bryophyt. Biblio., 42, 1-160.@Yes$Sharma Anu (2017).@Bryophyte diversity in Jammu region of J&K state.@international conference on recent innovations in science, agriculture ,engineering and management university college of computer applications Guru University. Bathinda Punjab 20th November 2017 ISBN.978-93-8617-80-1@No$Kachroo P., Bapna K.R. and Dhar G.L. (1977).@Hepaticae of India-A taxonomic survey and census. V. Fossombroniaceae through anthocerotae.@Journal of the Indian Botanical Society, 56(1), 62-86.@Yes$Asakawa Y. (2008).@Liverworts-potential source of medicinal compounds.@Current pharmaceutical design, 14(29), 3067-3088.@Yes$Azuelo A.G. (2005).@Bryophyte Flora of Mt. Malindang, Misamis Occidental, Philippines.@Unpublished Dissertation Thesis. Central Mindanao University.@Yes$Bates J.W. (2000).@Mineral nutrition, substratum ecology, and pollution.@Bryophyte biology, 248-311.@Yes$Del Rosario R.M. (1986).@Philippine endemic mosses.@Guide Philippine Flora and Fauna, 1, 291-363.@Yes$Najar I.A. and Khan A.B. (2011).@Earthworm communities of Kashmir valley, India.@Tropical Ecology, 52(2), 151-162.@Yes$Rashid M., Lone M.A. and Romshoo S.A. (2011).@Geospatial tools for assessing land degradation in Budgam district, Kashmir Himalaya, India.@Journal of earth system science, 120(3), 423-433.@Yes$Raza M., Ahmad A. and Mohammad A. (1978).@The Valley of Kashmir: A Geographical Interpretation.@(New Delhi:Vikas Publishing House, Pvt. Ltd).@Yes$Kachroo P. (1969).@Hepaticae of India - A taxonomic survey and census I. Floristic and taxonomic considerations.@Kashmir J. Sci., 6, 39-55.@Yes$Kachroo P. (1970).@Hepaticae of India-A taxonomic survey and census II. Takakiaceae through Marsupellaceae.@Kashmir Science, 7(1-2), 176-200.@Yes$Kachroo P. (1970).@Hepaticae of India - A taxonomic survey and census IV. Lejeuneaceae.@Bull. Bot. Surv. India., 12, 226-241.@Yes$Frahm J.P. (2012). The Phyto geography of European bryophytes, Botanica Serbica, 2012; 36(1), 2336.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Hallingback T. and Tan B.C. (2010).@Past and present activities and future strategy of bryophytes conservation.@Phytotaxa, 9, 266-274.@Yes$Azuelo A.G., Sariana L.G. and Pabualan M.P. (2011).@Some medicinal bryophytes: their ethnobotanical uses and morphology.@Asian Journal of Biodiversity, 2(1), 49-80.@Yes$Alam A. (2011).@Diversity and altitudinal distribution of terrestrial liverworts (Hepaticae) in Nilgiri hills, Tamil Nadu, India.@Proceedings National Academy of Sciences, India, Sect. B, 81, 206-217.@Yes$Banday F.A. (1997).@Floristic studies in bryophytes of Kashmir Himalaya with reference to Gulmarg and adjoining areas (Doctoral dissertation, M Phil Dissertation, Kashmir University, Kashmir).@@Yes$Schuster R.M. (1984).@Evolution, phylogeny and classification of the Hepaticae.@New manual of bryology, 2, 892-1070.@Yes$Sharma A., Paul Y. and Langer A. (2011).@Status of Stephensoniella brevipedunculata in Jammu (NW Himalayas)-India.@Univ.-Bibliothek.@Yes$McCleary J.A. and Walkington D.L. (1966).@Mosses and antibiosis.@Revue Bryologique et Lichenologique, 34, 309&plusmn;314.@No$Wolters B. (1964).@Die Verbreitung antifungaler Eigenschaften bei Moosen.@Planta, 62(1), 88-96.@Yes$Gupta K.G. and Singh B. (1971).@Occurrence of antibacterial activity in moss extracts.@Res. Bull. Punjab Univ., 22, 237-239.@Yes$Ding H. (1982).@Medicinal spore-bearing plants of China.@Shanghai Science and Technology Press, Shanghai, 1-409.@Yes$Ando H. (1983).@Use of bryophytes in China 2. Mosses indispensable to the production of Chinese gallnuts.@Proc. Bryol. Soc. Jap, 3, 124-125.@Yes$Pant G. and Tewari S.D. (1990).@Bryophytes and mankind.@Ethnobotany, 2(1&2), 97-103.@Yes$Saxena D.K. and Harinder I. (2004).@Bryophytes and mankind.@Resonance, 9(6), 56-65.@Yes$Subhisha S. and Subramoniam A. (2005).@Antifungal activities of a steroid from Pallavicinia lyellii, a liverwort.@Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 37(5), 304-308.@Yes$Kumar K., Singh K.K., Asthana A.K. and Nath V. (2000).@Ethnotherapeutics of bryophyte Plagiochasma appendiculatum among the Gaddi tribes of Kangra valley, Himachal Pradesh, India.@Pharmaceutical biology, 38(5), 353-356.@Yes$Singh A.P., Asthana A.K. and Nath V. (2000).@Medicinal importance of Bryophytes - a review [in Hindi].@Bharteey Vaigyanik evam Audyogik Anusandhan Patrika, 8(2), 55-62.@Yes$Hart J.A. (1981).@The ethnobotany of the northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana.@Journal of ethnopharmacology, 4(1), 1-55. McClure J.W. and Miller H.A. (1967). Moss chemotaxonomy, a survey for flavonoids and the taxonomic implication. Nova Hedwigia, 14, 111-125.@Yes$Tutschek R. and Rudolph H. (1971).@Isolation of crystalline phenols from the cell wall of Sphagnum magellanicum.@Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges., 84, 309-311.@Yes$Alam J., Ali I., Karim S., Islam M. and Ahmad H. (2016).@Checklist of Anthocerophyta and Marchantiophyta of Pakistan and Kashmir.@Plant Science Today, 3(2), 226-236.@Yes$Banday F.A., Naqshi A.R. and Dar G.H. (1998).@Liverworts (Hepaticae) of Kashmir Himalaya-a floristic survey.@Oriental Science, 3, 1-6.@Yes
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>A review on effect of different plant extract against multidrug resistant bacteria<#LINE#>S.J.@Akshatha  <#LINE#>29-32<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJBS-2019-028.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Microbiology, KLE Society&apos;s Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, India<#LINE#>15/2/2019<#LINE#>9/4/2019<#LINE#>Multidrug resistance in bacteria is current problems for which many researches are being conducted to find a solution. There are different resistance mechanisms which the bacteria&apos;s have been adopting like mutation, by passing the target, efflux pumps etc. Herbal medicine has now drawn attention of world. Use of plant extracts against the bacterial could possibly reduce the antibiotic resistant which is mostly prevailing at present. Aloe Vera, Ginger, Garlic etc. have shown significant antibacterial activity against the multidrug resistant bacteria. In most of the studies Disk diffusion method was seen as the most commonly used method in finding the susceptibility of the extracts followed by determining the extracts Minimum inhibitory concentration. This is a review on resistance mechanism adopted by bacteria, and plant extract which have shown significant activity against the gram negative and gram positive bacteria.<#LINE#>Rashmi S. and Bhuvneshwar K. (2005).@Antibacterial resistance: current problems and possible solutions.@Indian journal of medical sciences, 59(3), 120-129.@Yes$Chung A., Perera R., Brueggemann A.B., Elamin A.E., Harnden A., Mayon-White R. and Mant D. (2007).@Effect of antibiotic prescribing on antibiotic resistance in individual children in primary care: prospective cohort study.@Bmj, 335(7617), 429.@Yes$Morgan D.J., Rogawski E., Thom K.A., Johnson J.K., Perencevich E.N., Shardell M. and Harris A.D. (2012).@Transfer of multidrug-resistant bacteria to healthcare workers&apos; gloves and gowns after patient contact increases with environmental contamination.@Crit Care Med., 40(4), 1045-1051.@Yes$Mandal S., DebMandal M., Saha K. and Pal N.K. (2011).@In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of three Indian Spices against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus.@Oman Med J., 26(5), 319-323.@Yes$Joshi B., Lekhak S. and Sharma A. (2009).@Antibacterial property of different medicinal plants: Ocimum sanctum, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Xanthoxylum armatum and Origanum majorana.@Kathmandu university journal of science, engineering and technology, 5(1), 143-150.@Yes$World Health Organization (2008).@Fact sheet no. 134: Traditional medicine.@Geneva: World Health Organization. [Online] Available from: http://who.int/ mediacentre/factsheets/ fs134/en/.[Accessed on September, 2013].@Yes$Nikaido Hiroshi (2009).@Multidrug Resistance in Bacteria.@Annu Rev Biochem., 78, 119-146.@Yes$Munita J.M. and Arias C.A. (2016).@Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance.@Microbiol Spectr., 4(2).@Yes$Gangoue-Pieboji J., Eze N., Djintchui A.N., Ngameni B., Tsabang N., Pegnyemb D.E. and Galleni M. (2009).@The in-vitro antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants against &#946;-lactam-resistant bacteria.@The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 3(09), 671-680.@Yes$Ekanola Y.A., Ogunshe A.A., Bajela T.T., Ajimosun M.A. and Okeowo A.W. (2013).@In vitro inhibitory potentials of crude plant extracts on multidrug resistant bacterial species from infected human wounds.@Int J Green Pharm, 7, 149-154.@Yes$Oskay M., Oskay D. and Kalyoncu F. (2009).@Activity of Some Plant Extracts against Multi-Drug Resistant Human Pathogens.@Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 8(4), 293-300.@Yes$Khan R., Islam B., Akram M., Shakil S., Ahmad A.A., Ali S.M. and Khan A. (2009).@Antimicrobial activity of five herbal extracts against multi drug resistant (MDR) strains of bacteria and fungus of clinical origin.@Molecules, 14(2), 586-597.@Yes$Jayachandran V.P., Chayani N., Nair S. and Appukuttan G. (2012).@A study on the prevalence of multiple drug resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRPA) among clinical isolates and efficacy of water extracts of selected medicinal plants against MDRPA.@IJBPAS, 1(6), 857-869.@No$Surjushe A., Vasani R. and Saple D.G. (2008).@Aloe vera: A short review.@Indian J Dermatol, 53(4), 163-166.@Yes$Akinniyi A.P., Oluwaseun E., Mopelola D.A.A., Mosunmola O.J., Remi R.A.R. and Afolabi O. (2013).@Susceptibility of multi-antibiotic resistant bacteria strains in Abeokuta, Nigeria to Aloe vera juice.@American Journal of Research Communication, 1(9), 56-64.@Yes$Sahu M.C. and Padhy R.N. (2013).@In vitro antibacterial potency of Butea monosperma Lam. against 12clinically isolated multidrug resistant bacteria.@Asian Pac J Trop Dis, 3(3), 217-226.@Yes$Vyas P. and Patil S. (2012).@Effect of essential oils on MDR pathogens: a comparative study.@J Environ Res Dev, 6(3), 462-466.@Yes$Gull I., Saeed M., Shaukat H., Aslam S.M., Samra Z.Q. and Athar A.M. (2012).@Inhibitory effect of Allium sativum and Zingiber officinale extracts on clinically important drug resistant pathogenic bacteria.@Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials, 11(1), 8.@Yes$Howell A.B. and D@The Pomegranate: Effects on Bacteria and Viruses That Influence Human Health.@Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 11. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/606212@Yes$Phatthalung P.N., Chusri S. and Voravuthikunchai S.P. (2012).@Thai ethnomedicinal plants as resistant modifying agents for combating Acinetobacter baumannii infections.@BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 12, 56.@Yes$Anas K., Jayashree P.R., Vijayakumar T. and Kumar Manish P.R. (2008).@In vitro activity of Psidium guajava Linn. leaft extract on clinical isolates of multidrug resistant staphylococcus aureus.@Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 46, 41-46.@Yes$George S., Benny P.J., Sunny K. and Cincy G. (2011).@Antibiotic activity of 2, 3-dihydroxybenzoic acid isolated from Flacourtia inermis fruit against multidrug resistant bacteria.@Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 4(1), 126-130.@Yes$Bernaitis L., Shobha K.L., Ashok M., Shenoy R.P., Mathew J. and Khan D.M. (2013).@Comparitive evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract of Taxus baccata, Phyllanthus debilis and Plectranthus amboinicus against multidrug resistant bacteria.@IJPSR, 4(8), 3147-3150.@Yes$Gopinath R. and Prakash M. (2013).@Antibacterial activity of three medicinal plants against clinically isolated multidrug resistant Enterococcus faecalis (MDRE).@Int.J.Curr.Microbiol. App. Sci, 2(2), 6-14.@Yes$Dahiya P. and Purkayastha S. (2012).@Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants against multi-drug resistant bacteria from clinical isolates.@Indian journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 74(5), 443-450.@Yes$Masoud E.A. and Gouda H.A. (2012).@Effect of some natural plant extracts against gram negative bacteria in Njran Area, Saudi Arabia.@Egypt. Acad. J. Biolog. Sci., 4(1), 85-92.@Yes$Bhatia Mamta and Sharma Alka (2012).@Inhibitory activities of Brassica nigra, Cinnamomum cassia (Blume) and Cuminum cyminum towards Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.@Archives of Applied Science Research, 4 (4), 1811-1815.@Yes$David M., Bharath K.R. and Bhavani M. (2011).@Study of Calotropis gigantea R. Br. Extracts on Growth and Survival Dynamics of Selected Pathogenic Microorganisms.@International Journal of Biological Engineering, 1(1), 1-5.@Yes$Kumar G., Karthik L. and Rao K.V.B. (2010).@Antibacterial activity of aqueous extract of Calotropis gigantea leaves-an in vitro study.@International journal of pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 4(2), 141-144.@Yes$Sen A. and Batra A. (2012).@Determination of antimicrobial potentialities of different solvent extracts of the medicinal plant: Phyllanthus amarus Schum. And Thonn.@Int J Green Pharm, 6, 50-56.@Yes$jasim Alyaa Sabti (2012).@Antibacterial activity of oils extracts of Brassica nigra seeds on some bacteria isolated from plaque and healthy teeth in children (1-5) years.@Basrah Journal of Scienec, 30(1), 105-119.@Yes$Obi R.K., Nwanebu F.C., Ndubuisi U.U. and Orji N.M. (2009).@Antibacterial qualities and phytochemical screening of the oils of Curcubita pepo and Brassica nigra.@Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 3(5), 429-432.@Yes$Prabuseenivasan S., Jayakumar M. and Ignacimuthu S. (2006).@In vitro antibacterial activity of some plant essential oils.@BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 6(1), 39.@Yes$Cowan M.M. (1999).@Plant products as antimicrobial agents.@Clinical microbiology reviews, 12(4), 564-582.@Yes$Imran M., Lawrence R., Alam M.N., Shariq M. and Kumar E.J. (2012).@Synergistic effects of Ocimum sanctum extract and antibiotics on methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from clinical specimens.@Journal of recent advances in applied sciences (JRAAS), 27, 99-107.@Yes