@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Insecticidal Activities of Allium sativum and Capsicum annum extracts in field against thrips (Megalurothrips sjostedti) damage on cowpea plant in Kano State-Nigeria<#LINE#>J.M.@Abdullahi  <#LINE#>1-5<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJBS-2018-059.pdf<#LINE#>Biology Department, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, P.M. B. 3244, Kano Nigeria<#LINE#>2/8/2018<#LINE#>21/2/2019<#LINE#>The insecticidal activities of Capsicum annum fruits and Allium sativum cloves methanolic crude extracts were assessed on field against M. sjostedti damage on cowpea plants.  Two genotypes IAR-48 and IT97K-499-35 were planted separately in a randomized block design, for a cowpea genotype four plots each measured 5mx3m with 1.5m space between plots replicated three times given the total of twelve plots were formed. Within the plots are three pairs of ridges (70cm apart) tallied with the three different concentrations (200, 600 and 1000ppm) for the plant extracts treatments application. Plant extract treatments along side with synthetic chemical insecticide (Magic force) as control check were applied to the plots using Knapsack sprayer 33 days after sowing. The results showed that the damage rates of M. sjostedti on susceptible cowpea genotype IAR-48 was significantly (p>0.05) higher as expected when compared with resistant genotype IT97K-499-35. The least significant (P 0.05) M. sjostedti damage rate was recorded on IT97K-499-35 genotype treated with A. sativum at 1000ppm concentration level which is similar to control check (synthetic chemical). Also the genotype IAR-48 had the lower damage rate on plant treated with A. sativum   at 1000ppm which differed significantly (p>0.05) with untreated control.  Although the least significant (p>0.05) damage rate was recorded in control check (synthetic chemical). For a safe crop production, there is the need to boost the use of plant extracts technically in field as segment of integrated pest management.<#LINE#>Singh S.R. and Allen D.J. (1979).@Cowpea Pests and Diseases.@International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan Nigeria, Manual Series NO., 2(5), 11-13. Available at http://hdl.handle.net/10568/80788. Accessed on 23/08/2016.@Yes$Dugje I.Y., Omoigui L.O., Ekeleme F., Kamara A.Y. and Ajeigbe H. (2009).@Famers’ Guide to Cowpea Production in West Africa.@Printed in Nigeria by IITA, 3, 11-13. ISBN 978-131-332-3.@Yes$Wood A., Ambridge L. and Bigger M. (1996).@A Guide to Insect Pests of Nigerian Crops Identification, Biology and Control/ Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resource, Nigeria and Overseas Development Administration.@published by Chatham Natural Resources Institute, UK., 117-130. ISBN 0859544311.@Yes$Wolfson J.L., Shade Mentzer P.E. and Murdock L.L. (1991).@Efficacy of ash for controlling infestations of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) in stored cowpeas.@Journal of Stored Products Research, 27(4), 239-243.@Yes$Ekesi S. (2000).@Effect of volatiles and crude extracts of different plant materials on egg viability of Maruca vitrata and Clavigralla tomentosicollis.@Phytoparasitica, 28(4), 305-310.@Yes$Lalla F.D., Ahmed B., Omar A. and Mohieddine M. (2013).@Chemical composition and biological activity of Allium  sativum essential oils against Callosobruchus maculatus.@J. Environ Sci. Toxicol. Food Technol., 3(1), 30-36.@Yes$Oparaeke A.M., Dike M.C. and Amatobi C.I. (2005).@Evaluation of botanical mixtures for insect pests management on cowpea plants.@Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics. Subtropics, 106(1), 41-48.@Yes$Asante S.K., Tamo M. and Jackai L.E.N. (2001).@Integrated Management of Cowpea Insect Pests Using Elite Cultivar, Date of Planting and Minimum Insecticide Application.@African Crop Science Journal, 9(4), 655-665.@Yes$Odey M.O., Iwara I.A., Udiba U.U., Johnson J.T., Inekwe U.V., Asenye M.E. and Victor O. (2012).@Preparation of Plant Extracts from Indigenous Medicinal Plants.@International  Journal of Science and Technology, 1(12), 688-692.@Yes$Zuharah W.F., Ahbirami R., Yahaya Z.S., Dieng H., Thiagaletchumi M., Fadzly N., Abu Hassan Ahmad A.H. and Bakar S.A. (2014).@Oviposition deterring and oviciding potentials of Ipomoea cairica L. leaf extract against dengue vectors.@Tropical Biomedicine, 31(3), 456-465.@Yes$Shrankhla B.S., Sharma P., Mohan L. and Srivastava C.N. (2012).@Relative larvicidal potential of Pseudocalymma alliaceum and Allium sativum against malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi (Liston).@J Europ Mosq Contr Assoc, 30, 83-90.@Yes$Ogah E.O. (2013).@Field Evaluation of Plant Extracts in the Management of M. sjostedti and M. vitrata of Cowpea in Sothern Nigeria.@World Essays Journal, 1(1), 11-17.@Yes$Egho E.O. (2011).@Management of major field insect pests and yield of cowpea (Vignaunguiculata (L) walp) under calendar and monitored application of synthetic chemicals in Asaba, southern Nigeria.@American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 2(4), 592-602.@Yes$William G. Miller (2014).@OpenStat software.@(Version 08.12.14).@No$Oparaeke A.M. (2007).@Toxicity and spraying schedules of a biopesticide prepared from Piper guineense against two cowpea pest.@Plant Protection Sciences, 43(3), 103-108.@Yes$Barry R.B., Ngakou A. and Nukenine E.N. (2017).@Pesticidal activity of plant extracts and a myco-insecticide (Meterhrizium anisopliae) on cowpea flower thrips and leaves damage in the field.@Journal of Experimental Agriculture International, 18(2), 1-15. DOI:10.9734/JEAI/2017?37002.@Yes$Akintola A.J., Oyegoke O.O. and Ikusebiala I.M. (2013).@Morphometry and preffered feeding site of Egyptian mealybug (Icerya aegyptiaca Douglas) on croton Codiaeu variegatum plant.@Int. J. of Appl. Agric. Res., 9(1-2), 189-195.@Yes$Fanou A., Baimey H., Zandjanakou-Tachin M. and Lawouin L. (2014).@Efficacy of botanical extracts and Cydim Super in the fight against cochineal (Dysmicoccus brevipes) associated with wilt disease in pineapple.@International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 8(5), 2007-2014.@Yes$Umar Y.F. (2008).@Comparative potentials of leaf, bark and wood powders of Jatropha curcas (L) as protectants of stored cowpea against Callosobruchus maculatus (F).@Savannah J. Agric., 3, 86-92.@Yes$Ahmed B.I., Onu I. and Mudi L. (2009).@Field bioefficacy of plant extracts for the control of post flowering insect pests of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.)Walp) in Nigeria.@Journal of Biopesticides, 2(1), 37-43.@Yes$Olaifa J.I. and Adenuga A.O. (1988).@Neem products for protecting field cassava from grasshopper damage.@International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 9(2), 267-270.@Yes$Oparaeke A.M., Dike M.C. and Amatobi C.I. (2003).@Preliminary study on Clove, Syzigium aromaticum Gaertun and Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb. (Myrtaceae) as a source of insecticide.@Nigerian Journal of Agricultural Extension, 13, 73-80.@Yes
<#LINE#>Phytochemistry analysis and modulatory activity of Portulaca oleracea and Aquilaria malaccensis extracts against High-fructose and high-fat diet induced immune cells alteration and heart lipid peroxidation in Rats<#LINE#>Derouiche@Samir ,Degachi @Ouidad ,Gharbi@Khaoula  <#LINE#>6-11<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJBS-2018-071.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of natural sciences and life, University of ElOued, El-Oued 39000, Algeria@Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of natural sciences and life, University of ElOued, El-Oued 39000, Algeria@Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of natural sciences and life, University of ElOued, El-Oued 39000, Algeria<#LINE#>9/9/2018<#LINE#>25/2/2019<#LINE#>Our objective of this investigation is to estimate the influence of Portulaca oleracea (P. oleracea) and Aquilaria malaccensis (A. malaccensis) methanol extracts on High-fructose-fat diet (HFFD) induced immune cells alteration and heart lipid peroxidation in Rats. Twenty five Females rats were equally divided into five groups (n=5) as control, HFFD, HFFD+Po, HFFD+Am and HFFD+Po+Amgroups. High fructose-fat diet was addes in diet of rats with (60% fructose and 60% kcal fat) for 70 days. Methanol extracts of P.oleracea (Po) (400mg/kg bw) and A.malaccensis (Am) (200mg/kg bw) were supplemented orally for four weeks. Methanol extracts of plants were prepared and phytochemicals were analyzed by using HPLC methods. Hematological markers and lipid peroxidationin heart were assessed. Results obtained shown that HFFD induction caused a significant increase in White blood cell (&#119875;<0.01), Granulocyte (&#119875;<0.05), Lymphocyte (&#119875;<0.01) Monocyte (&#119875;<0.001) count and heart MDA level and no significant effect in Red blood cell  and Hemoglobin  level compared to the rats given normal diet. Methanol extracts of P. oleracea and A. malaccensis treatment partially correct the parameters studied. Our study indicate that A. malaccensis possesses the ability to control the heart lipid peroxidation and immune cells alteration associated with High fructose-fat diet.<#LINE#>Basciano H., Federico L. and Adeli K. (2005).@Fructose, insulin resistance, and metabolic dyslipidemia.@Nutr.Metab., 2, 5. https://doi:10.1186/1743-7075-2-5.@Yes$Derouiche S., Kawther A., Manel D., Soumya B.A. and Kechrid Z. (2013).@The effects of copper supplement on zinc status, enzymes of zinc activities and antioxidant status in alloxan-induced diabetic rats fed on zinc over-dose diet.@International Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 5(5), 82-87.@Yes$Kuller L.H. (1997).@Dietary fat and chronic diseases: epidemiologic overview.@J. Am. Diet. Assoc., 97(7 Suppl), S9-S15.@Yes$Rizkalla S.W. (2010).@Health implications of fructose consumption: A review of recent data.@Nutr.Metab., 7, 82. https://doi:10.1186/1743-7075-7-82.@Yes$Tappy L., Lę K.A., Tran C. amd Paquot N. (2010).@Fructose and metabolic diseases: new findings, newquestions.@Nutrition., 26(11-12), 1044-1049. https://doi:10.1016/j.nut.2010.02.014.@Yes$Monzo-Beltran L., Vazquez-Tarragón A. and Cerdŕ C. (2017).@One-year follow-up of clinical, metabolic and oxidative stress profile of morbid obese patients after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. 8-oxo-dG as a clinical marker.@Redox Biol., 12, 389-402. https://doi:10. 1016/j.redox.2017.02.003.@Yes$Rakotoarivelo N.H., Rakotoarivony F., Ramarosandratana A.V., Jeannoda V.H., Kuhlman A.R., Randrianasolo A. and Bussmann R.W. (2015).@Medicinal plants used to treat the most frequent diseases encountered in Ambalabe rural community, Eastern Madagascar.@Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine, 11(1), 68..doi:10.1186/s13002-015-0050-2.@Yes$Mubashir H.M., Bahar A., Showkat R.M., Bilal A.Z. and Nahida T. (2011).@Portulacaoleracea L. A Review.@J. Pharm. Res., 4(9), 3044-3048.@Yes$Saikia P. and Khan M.L. (2014).@Ecological Features of Cultivated Stands of Aquilaria malaccensis Lam. (Thymelaeaceae), a Vulnerable Tropical Tree Species in Assamese Homegardens.@Int. J. For. Res., 2014, Article ID 140926, 16. http://dx.doi.org/10. 1155/2014/140926.@Yes$Hashim Y.Z., Kerr P.G., Abbas P. and Mohd Salleh H. (2016).@Aquilaria spp. (agarwood) as source of health beneficial compounds: A review of traditional use, phytochemistry and  pharmacology.@J. Ethnopharmacol., 189, 331-360.@Yes$Tobey T.A., Mondon C.E., Zavaroni I. and Reaven G.M. (1982).@Mechanismofinsulin resistance  in fructose- fed rats.@Metabolism, 31(6), 608-612.@Yes$Meng R., Da-Long Z., Yan B., Dong-Hui Y. and Ya-Ping W. (2011).@Anti-Oxidative Effect of Apocyninon Insulin Resistance in High-Fat Diet Mice.@Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci., 41(3), 236-243.@Yes$Sastre J., Pallardó F.V., García de la Asunción J. and Vińa J. (2000).@Mitochondria, oxidative stress and aging.@Free Radic. Res., 32(3), 189-198.@Yes$Bradford M.M. (1976).@Rapid and sensitive method for the quantities of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding.@Anal. Biochem., 72, 248-254.@Yes$Shankar S., Kumar D. and Srivastava R.K. (2013).@Epigenetic Modifications by Dietary Phytochemicals: Implications for Personalized Nutrition.@Pharmacol. Ther., 138(1), 1-17.@Yes$Corbi G., Conti V., Davinelli S., Scapagnini G., Filippelli A. and Ferrara N. (2016).@Dietary Phytochemicals in Neuroimmunoaging: A New Therapeutic Possibility for Humans.@Front Pharmacol., 7, 364. https://doi:10.3389/fphar.2016.00364.@Yes$Fontaine K.R., Redden D.T., Wang C.A., Westfall O. and Allison D.B. (2003).@Years of   life lost due to obesity.@JAMA., 289(2), 187-193.@Yes$Oliva L., Aranda T., Caviola G., Fernández-Bernal A., Alemany M., Fernández-López J.A. and Remesar X. (2017).@In rats fed high-energy diets, taste, rather than fat content, is the key factor increasing food intake: a comparison of a cafeteria and a lipid-supplemented standard diet.@Peer J., 5, e3697. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3697.@Yes$Hasani-Ranjbar S., Jouyandeh Z. and Abdollahi M. (2013).@A systematic review of anti-obesity medicinal plants - an update.@J. Diabetes Metab. Disord., 12(1), 28. https://doi:10.1186/ 2251-6581-12-28.@Yes$Zheng J., Zheng S., Feng Q., Zhang Q. and Xiao X. (2017).@Dietary capsaicin and its anti-obesity potency: from mechanism to clinical implications.@Bioscience reports, 37(3), BSR20170286. https://doi:10.1042/BSR20170286.@Yes$Gomez-Smith M., Karthikeyan S., Jeffers M.S., Janik R., Thomason L.A., Stefanovic B. and Corbett D. (2016).@A physiological characterization of the Cafeteria diet model of metabolic syndrome in the rat.@Physiol. Behav., 167, 382-391.@Yes$Pektas M.B., Koca H.B., Sadi G. and Akar F. (2016).@Dietary Fructose Activates Insulin Signaling and Inflammation in Adipose Tissue: Modulatory Role of Resveratrol.@Biomed Res. Int., 2016, 8014252. https://doi:10.1155/2016/8014252.@Yes$Bratoeva K., Stoyanov G.S., Merdzhanova A. and Radanova M. (2017).@Manifestations of Renal Impairment in Fructose-induced Metabolic Syndrome.@Cureus., 9(11), e1826. https://doi:10.7759/cureus.1826.@Yes$Klein A.V. and Kiat H. (2015).@The mechanisms underlying fructose-induced hypertension: a review.@J. Hypertens., 33(5), 912-920.@Yes$Atoussi N., Guediri S. and Derouiche S. (2018).@Changes in Haematological, Biochemical and Serum Electrolytes Markers in Women Breast Cancer Patients.@SJRAB., 3(2), 173-177.@No$Anfal D. and Samir D. (2017).@Study of fluoride-induced haematological alterations and liver oxidative stress in rats.@World J Pharm Pharmscie, 6(5), 211-221.@Yes$Lee A.S., Lee Y.J., Lee S.M., Yoon J.J., Kim J.S., Kang D.G. and Lee H.S. (2012).@Portulaca oleracea ameliorates diabetic vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in db/db mice.@Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2012. Article ID 741824, 9. https://doi.org/ 10. 1155/2012/741824.@Yes$Yang X., Yan Y., Li J., Tang Z., Sun J., Zhang H. and Liu L. (2016).@Protective effects of ethanol extract from Portulacaoleracea L on dextran sulphate sodium-induced mice ulcerative colitis involving anti-inflammatory and antioxidant.@Am. J. Transl. Res., 8(5), 2138-2148.@Yes$Cialdella-Kam L., Nieman D., Knab A., Shanely R., Meaney M., Jin F. and Ghosh S. (2016).@A Mixed Flavonoid-Fish Oil Supplement Induces Immune-Enhancing and Anti-Inflammatory Transcriptomic Changes in Adult Obese and Overweight Women-A Randomized Controlled Trial.@Nutrients., 8(5), 277. https://doi:10.3390/nu8050277.@Yes$Panche A.N., Diwan A.D. and Chandra S.R. (2016).@Flavonoids: an overview.@J. Nutr. Sci., 5, e47. https://doi:10.1017/jns.2016.41.@Yes$Shukla S. and Gupta S. (2010).@Apigenin: A Promising Molecule for Cancer Prevention.@Pharm. Res., 27(6), 962-978. https://doi:10.1007/s11095-010-0089-7.@Yes$Konishi T., Konoshima T., Shimada Y. and Kiyosawa S. (2002).@Six new 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromones from Agarwood.@Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo)., 50(3), 419-422.@Yes$Yadav D.K., Mudgal V., Agrawal J., Maurya A.K., Bawankule D.U., Chanotiya C.S, Khan F. and Thul S.T. (2013).@Molecular docking and ADME studies of natural compounds of Agarwood oil for topical anti-inflammatory activity.@Curr.Comput. Aided Drug Des., 9(3), 360-370.@Yes$Derouiche S., Zeghibe K., Gharbi S. and Khelef Y. (2017).@In-vivo study of stress oxidative and liver damage in rats exposed to acetate lead.@Int. Res. J. Biological Sci. 6(9), 1-6.@No$Tangvarasittichai S. (2015).@Oxidative stress, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetesmellitus.@World J. Diabetes, 6(3), 456-480. https://doi:10.4239/wjd.v6.i3.456.@Yes$Lee M.T., Lin W.C., Yu B. and Lee T.T. (2017).@Antioxidant capacity of phytochemicals and their potential effects on oxidative status in animals-A review.@Asian-Australas J. Anim. Sci., 30(3), 299-308. https://doi:10.5713/ajas.16.0438.@Yes$Khoo H.E., Azlan A., Kong K.W. and Ismail A. (2016).@Phytochemials and Medicinal Properties of Indigenous Tropical Fruits with Potential for Commercial Development.@Evid Based Complement Alternat.Med., Article ID 7591951, 20 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/ 7591951.@Yes$Papalia T., Barreca D. and Panuccio M.R. (2017).@Assessment of Antioxidant and Cytoprotective Potential of Jatropha (Jatrophacurcas) Grown in Southern Italy.@Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18(3), 660. http://doi:10.3390/ijms18030660.@Yes
@Short Communication
<#LINE#>To evaluate the antagonist potency of Trichoderma viridae on the fungal plant pathogen isolated from Sesamum indicum L.<#LINE#>Sathe@Seema Murlidhar ,Quazi@Sadat M.  <#LINE#>12-15<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJBS-2018-099.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Botany, Maulana Azad College, Rauzabagh, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India@Department of Botany, Maulana Azad College, Rauzabagh, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India<#LINE#>20/10/2018<#LINE#>25/3/2019<#LINE#>Sesamum indicum is well known oil seed crop and rich in protein .The product and byproducts have the tremendous value. Fungal diseases causing infection to the root, foliage and seed decreases the quality and yield. To tackle this problem biological agent is effective and it is ecofriendly does not harmful. so that, for recent investigation Trichoderma viridae as bioagent was selected. Trichoderma viridae act as a potent bio control agent having lytic activity and antagonistic properties against the wide range of the plant pathogenic fungi. Work were initiated with the isolation and identification of antagonistic fungi as well as  phytopathogenic fungi by microscopic examination using standard key(Barnet and Hunter).In present study Trichoderma viridae was screened for antifungal activity by dual plate culture method against Alternaria sesamae, Colletotrichum sp,Fusarium oxysporum isolated from oil seed crop Sesamum indicum L. Antagonist i.e. Trichoderma viridae maximally retarded growth of Alternaria sesame, followed by Colletotrichum sp, minimum growth of inhibition shown in Fusarium oxysporum.<#LINE#>Rangaswami G. and Mahadevan A. (2012).@Diseases of crop plants in India.@4thed, PHI pvt ltd, India, 353-355. ISBN:978-81-203-1247-0@No$Kotle S.J. (1985).@Diseases of annual oil seed crops.@2nd. Rapeseed-Mustard and Sesame diseases. CRC press. Inc., Roca, Raton Florida, USA@No$Richardson M.J. (1979).@An annotated list of seed borne diseases.@C.M.I. Kew, Eng-land, 320.@Yes$Chet I. (1987).@Trichoderma: application, mode of action, and potential as biocontrol agent of soilborne plant pathogenic fungi.@Innovative approaches to plant disease control, 137-160.@Yes$Chung H.S. and Choi W.B. (1990).@Biological control of sesame damping off in the field by coating seed with antagonistic Trichoderma viride.@Seed Science and Technology (Switzerland), 18(2), 451-459.@Yes$Nema S., Bandyopadhyaya S. and Sharma N.D. (2001).@Some studies on trichoderma as biocontrol agent.@J. Mycopatho. Res., 40(2), 81-87.@Yes$Ahmad J.S. and Baker R. (1988).@Implications of rhizosphere competence of Trichoderma harzianum.@Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 34(3), 229-234.@Yes$Pan S. and Bhagat S. (2007).@Antagonistic potential of Trichoderma and Gliocladium spp. from West Bengal.@J Mycol Plant Pathol, 37(2), 235-239.@Yes$Haran S., Schickler H. and Chet I. (1996).@Molecular mechanisms of lytic enzymes involved in the biocontrol activity of Trichoderma harzianum.@Microbiology, 142(9), 2321-2331.@Yes$Bell D.K., Wells H.D. and Markham C.R. (1982).@In vitro antagonism of Trichoderma species against six fungal plant pathogens.@Phytopathology, 72(4), 379-382.@Yes$Howell C.R. (2003).@Mechanisms employed by Trichoderma species in the biological control of plant diseases: the history and evolution of current concepts.@Plant disease, 87(1), 4-10.@Yes$Johnson L.F. and Curl E.A. (1972).@Methods for research on the ecology of soil borne plant pathogens.@Burgress Publ.co., Minneapolis.@Yes$Dhingra O.D. and Sinclair J.B. (1995).@Establishment of diseases and testing for resistance.@In: basic plant pathology methods, 2nd ed., Boca Raton: CRC Lewis Publishers: 434.@No$Barnet H.L. and Hunter B.B. (1972).@Illustrated genera of imperfect fungi.@3rdedition, burgess publishing Co., 237.@Yes$Vincent J.M. (1947).@Distortion of fungal hyphae in the presence of certain inhibitors.@Nature, 159, 850.@Yes$Perveen K. and Bokhari N.A. (2012).@Antagonistic activity of Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma viride isolated from soil of date palm field against Fusarium oxysporum.@African Journal of Microbiology Research, 6(13), 3348-3353.@Yes
<#LINE#>Mitochondrial CR and nuclear ITS2 regions analysis in flesh flies<#LINE#>N.@Bajpai  <#LINE#>16-19<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJBS-2019-010.pdf<#LINE#>Govt. Degree College, Kaushambi, Uttar Pradesh, India<#LINE#>21/1/2019<#LINE#>31/3/2019<#LINE#>Flies (flesh flies) of the family Sarcophagidae are found all over the world and are considered to be of great forensic and medical importance. These are difficult to identify by morphological characters, therefore, molecular marker technology based methods prove to be more effective and are used as an alternative method over morphology based identification. The use of molecular marker technology for exploring genetic relationship/identity or for forensic studies is most effective and precise method also. In this paper an attempt has been made to analyse mitochondrial CR and nuclear ITS2 region among flesh flies to draw genetic closeness.<#LINE#>Zumpt F. (1965).@Myiasis in man and animals in the old world.@Butterworth, London.@Yes$Greenberg B. (1973).@Flies and Diseases.@Biology and Disease Transmission, Princeton University Press, New Jersey, 2.@No$Cherix D., Wyss C. and Pape T. (2012).@Occurrence of flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) on human cadavers in Switzerland, and their importance as forensic indicators.@Forensic Sci. Int., 220, 158-163.@Yes$Catts E.P. and Goff M.L. (1992).@Forensic entomology in criminal investigations.@Annual review of Entomology, 37(1), 253-272.@Yes$Wells J.D., Pape T. and Sperling F.A.H. (2001).@DNA based identification and molecular systematics of forensically important Sarcophagidae (Diptera).@J. Forensic Sci., 46, 1098-1102.@Yes$Amendt J., Krettek R. and Zehner R. (2004).@Forensic Entomology.@Naturwissenschaften, 91(2), 51-65.@Yes$Napoleăo K.S., Mello-Patiu C.A., Oliveira-Costa J., Takiya D.M., Silva R. and Moura-Neto R.S. (2016).@DNA-based identification of forensically important species of Sarcophagidae (Insecta: Diptera) from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.@Genet Mol Res, 15, 1-7.@Yes$Bajpai N. and Tewari R.R. (2010).@Mitochondrial DNA sequence based phylogenetic relationship among flesh flies of the genus Sarcophaga (Sarcophagidae: Diptera).@J. Genet., 89, 51-54.@Yes$Sharma M., Singh D. and Sharma A.K. (2014).@Identification of three forensically important Indian species of flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) based on cytochrome oxidase I gene.@Indian J. Forensic Med. and Toxicol, 2, 814-818.@Yes$Ren L., Shang Y., Chen W., Meng F., Cai J., Zhu G., Chen L., Wang Y., Deng J. and Guo Y. (2018).@A brief review of forensically important flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae).@Forensic Science Research, 3, 16-26.@Yes$Bajpai N. (2016).@Mitochondrial DNA based studies in Sarcophagid flies from India.@Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 5, 17-20.@No$Maniatis T., Fritsch E.F. and Sambrook J. 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<#LINE#>New records for freshwater lignicolous fungi from Libya<#LINE#>M.S.@Ghenghish , A.@Abdallah,R.@Zariba ,T.A.@Almasri  <#LINE#>20-22<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJBS-2019-016.pdf<#LINE#>Marine Biology Research Center, Tajura, Libya@Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya@Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya@Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya<#LINE#>28/1/2019<#LINE#>29/3/2019<#LINE#>The present study reports on lignicolous fungi that were identified for the first time from freshwater habitat in Libya. Organisms were isolated from submerged wood and plant remains from different locations in Libya. The collected specimens were examined under light microscope and standard identification keys were used. Of the samples examined, sixteen freshwater lignicolous genera and species have been identified. The identified organisms belong to the classes Ascomycetes (five species) and Hyphomysetes (eleven species) and were not reported previously from Libya.<#LINE#>Johnson T.W. Jr. and Sparrow F.K. (1961).@Fungi in Oceans and Estuaries.@J. Cramer Weinheim, Germany, 391.@Yes$Kohlmeyer J. and Kohlmeyer E. (1979).@Marine Mycology.@Academic Press, New York, 690.@Yes$Kohlmeyer J. and Volkmann-Kohlmeyer B. (1991).@Illustrated key to the filamentous marine fungi.@Botanica Marina, 34, 1-61.@Yes$Hyde K.D. (1992).@Tropical Australian freshwater fungi. II.* Annulatascus velatispora gen. et sp. nov., A. bipolaris sp. nov. and Nais aquatica sp. nov.(Ascomycetes).@Australian Systematic Botany, 5(1), 117-124.@Yes$Raja H.A., Tonaka K., Hirayama K., Miller A.N. and Shearer C.A. (2011).@Fresh water ascomycetes: two new species of Lindgomyces (Lindgomycetaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes) from Japan and USA.@Mycology, 103(6), 1421-1432.@Yes$Wong M.K., Goh T.K., Hodgkiss I.J., Hyde K.D., Ranghoo V.M., Tsui C.K. and Yuen T.K. (1998).@Role of fungi in freshwater ecosystems.@Biodiversity & Conservation, 7(9), 1187-1206.@Yes$Jones E.B.G. (2011).@Fifty years of marine mycology.@Fungal Diversity, 50, 73-112.@Yes$Ghenghish M.S. (2017).@New taxa for marine fungi from western cost of Libya.@American Journal of Biology and Life Sciences, 5, 51-54.@No$Meyers S.P. and Reynolds E.S. (1959).@Growth and cellulolytic activity of lignicolous Deuteromycetes from marine localities.@Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 5(5), 493-503.@Yes$Hughes G.C. (1960).@Ecological aspects of some lignicolous fungi in estuarine waters.@Ph.D. Thesis. Florida State University, Tallahassee, U.S.A.@Yes$Fallah P.M. and Shearer C. (2001).@Freshwater ascomycetes: new or noteworthy species from north temperate lakes in Wisconsin.@Mycology, 93(3), 566-602.@Yes$Al-Saadoon A.H. and Al-Dossary M.N. (2014).@Fungi from submerged plant debris in aquatic habitats in Iraq.@International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation, 6(6), 468-487.@Yes$Fournier J., Raja H.A. and Shearer C.A. (2015).@Freshwater Ascomycetes: Jahnula purpurea (Jahnulales, Dothideomycetes), a new species on submerged wood from Martinique Island, Lesser Antilles.@MycoKeys, 9, 29-36.@Yes$Rani C. and Panneerslvam A. (2009).@Diversity of linicolous marine fungi recorded from Muthupet Environs, East coast of India.@ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 4, 1-3.@Yes$Abdulkadir M.A. and Muhsin T.M. (1991).@Marine fungi from Iraq.@Marina Mesopotamica, 6, 193-207.@Yes$Abdel-Aziz F.A. (2016).@Freshwater fungi from the River Nile.@Egypt. Mycosphere, 7(6), 741-756.@Yes$Raja H.A., Schmit J.P. and Shearer C.A. (2009).@Latitudinal, habitat and substrate distribution patterns of freshwater ascomycetes in the Florida Peninsula.@Biodiversity and Conservation, 18(2), 419-455.@Yes$Smits G., Fernández R. and Cressa C. (2007).@Preliminary study of aquatic hyphomycetes from Venezuelan streams.@Acta Botánica Venezuelica, 30, 345-355.@Yes$Sakayaroj J., Phongpaichit S. and Jones E.B.G. (2005).@Viability and biodiversity of freshwater hyphomycetes in foam at Ton Nga Chang Wildlife-Sanctuary, Songkhla, southernThailand.@Fungal Diversity, 18, 135-145.@Yes$Ibrahim E.Z. and Mohamed A.E. (2014).@Airborne and dust borne fungi air atmospheric an of El-Beida city, Libya.@International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences, 2(5), 30-37.@Yes$Jones E.B.G., Sakayaroj J., Suetrong S., Somrithipol S. and Pang K.L. (2009).@Classification of marine Ascomycota, anamorphic taxa and Basidiomycota.@Fungal Diversity, 35, 1-187.@Yes$Hyde K.D., Goh T.K. and Steinke T.D. (1998).@Fungi on submerged wood in the Palmiet River, Durban, South Africa.@South African Journal of Botany, 64(3), 151-162.@Yes$Rutherford T.C. (1965).@A Survey of Aquatic Lignicolous Fungi in the Area about Blacksburg, Virginia.@Virginia Polytechnic Institute, 75.@Yes