@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Influence of physico-chemical characteristics of water in seasonal abundance of insects of Kapla Beel, Assam, India<#LINE#>Barman@Alakesh ,Baruah@Binode Kr.  <#LINE#>1-8<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJBS-2017-098.pdf<#LINE#>P.G. Department of Zoology, Bajali College, Barpeta-781325, India@Department of Zoology, Cotton University, Guwahati-781001, India<#LINE#>20/10/2017<#LINE#>18/2/2018<#LINE#>During the entire study period total 46 species of insects were recorded from the Kapla Beel. Among these, the order Coleoptera comprised of greatest number with 20 species belongs to 5 families. Diptera with 3 genera belongs to two families, Hemiptera recorded with 13 species belongs to 7 families, Odonata with 8 species belongs to 3 families and Ephemeroptera with 2 genera belongs to 1 family. The study revealed that aquatic insects abundance show positive correlation with pH, Conductivity, Dissolved Oxygen, BOD, Total Alkalinity, calcium, Magnesium and water Hardness and negatively correlated with Water Temperature, Turbidity, COD, Sulphate and Free CO2  during the year 2010-2011 and the pattern was almost same in 2011-2012 except Calcium. The study on the abundance of insects showed that they were abundant mostly during post monsoon season as compared to other two seasons.<#LINE#>Varma M.C., Kumar S., Pratap R. and Kumar A. (2008).@Quantitative Assessment of Predatory Insets and their Intergration with Varied Factors in Some Fish Culture Ponds.@Ecobiology of Aqautic Insects, Edited by Arvind Kumar and Dr. Habhajan Kaur, 11. Daya Publishing House. Delhi-110035.ISBN: 978-8170355489@No$Subhashini S, Kumar L.K. and Logaswamy K. (2008).@Insects and aquatic environment.@Ecobiology of Aqautic Insects, 107. Edited by Arvind Kumar and Dr. Habhajan Kaur. 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<#LINE#>Transcriptomic analysis of Agelenopsis naevia (Aranae: Agelenidae) Venom Gland<#LINE#> J.@Ahmed,D.M. @Shehu,I.S.@Ndams <#LINE#>9-23<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJBS-2017-103.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria@Department of Zoology, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria@Department of Zoology, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria<#LINE#>28/11/2017<#LINE#>19/2/2018<#LINE#>The venom of spider is made up of toxins with varying biological activities whose selectivity and affinity for various receptors and ion channels are yet to be sufficiently explored and exploited. Recently, transcriptomics have been employed as a tool to reveal the molecular diversity and structure of animal venoms across species. Thus, this study was carried out to determine the transcripts coding for toxins in the venom gland of Agelenopsis naevia, collected in open gardens of Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria. Venom glands were isolated using micro dissection followed by mRNA extraction. A cDNA library was constructed and pair-end sequencing was carried out. A total of 11,167,123 reads were generated which were assembled into 33,182 sequences. Fourty eight (48) transcript coded for proteins/peptides amongst which are sphingomyelinase-D, hyaluronidase, astacin-like metalloproteases, techylectin and cystine knot toxins. The results provide insight towards the discovery of novel potential bioinsecticides and/or drug leads from Agelenopsis Naevia venom for agro-allied/pharmaceutical applications.<#LINE#>Agnarsson I., Coddington J.A. and Kuntner M. (2013).@Systematics - progress in the study of spider diversity and evolution.@D. Penney (Ed.), Spider research in the 21st century: trends and Perspectives, Siri Scientific Press, Manchester, UK, 58-11. 978-0-9574530-1-2@Yes$Rash L.D. and Hodgson W.C. (2002).@Pharmacology and biochemistry of spider venoms.@Toxicon, 40(3), 225-254.@Yes$Escoubas P., Sollod B. and King G.F. (2006).@Venom landscapes: Mining the complexity of spider venoms via a combined cDNA and mass spectrometric approach.@Toxicon, 47(6), 650-663.@Yes$Liang S. (2004).@An overview of peptide toxins from the venom of the Chinese bird spider Selenocosmia huwena Wang [= Ornithoctonus huwena (Wang)].@Toxicon, 43(5), 575-585.@Yes$Siemens J., Zhou S., Piskorowski R., Nikai T., Lumpkin E.A., Basbaum A.I., King D. and Julius D. (2006).@Spider toxins activate the capsaicin receptor to produce inflammatory pain.@Nature, 444, 208-212.@Yes$Bohlen C.J., Priel A., Zhou S., King D., Siemens J. and Julius D. (2010).@A bivalent tarantula toxin activates the capsaicin receptor, TRPV1, by targeting the outer pore domain.@Cell, 141(5), 834-845.@Yes$Windley M.J., Herzig V., Dziemborowicz S.A., Hardy M.C., King G.F. and Nicholson G.M. (2012).@Spider-Venom Peptides as Bioinsecticides.@Toxins, 4(3), 191-227.@Yes$King G.F. and Hardy M.C. (2013).@Spider venom peptides: Structure, pharmacology, and potential for control of insect pests.@Annu. Rev. Entomol., 58, 475-496.@Yes$Escoubas P. and Rash L. (2004).@Tarantulas: Eight-legged pharmacists and combinatorial chemists.@Toxicon, 43(5), 555-574.@Yes$Tedford H.W, Sollod B.L., Maggio F. and King G.F. (2004).@Australian funnel-web spiders: Master insecticide chemists.@Toxicon, 43(5), 601-618.@Yes$Sollod B.L., Wilson D., Zhaxybayeva O., Gogarten J.P., Drinkwater R. and King G.F. (2005).@Were arachnids the first to use combinatorial peptide libraries?.@Peptides, 26(1), 131-139.@Yes$Platnick N.I. (2012).@The world spider catalog.@version 12.0. American Museum of Natural History, 2012. Available online: http://research.amnh.org/iz/spiders/ catalog (accessed on 20 December 2014).@No$Skinner W.S., Adams M.E., Quistad G.B., Kataoka H., Cesarin B.J., Enderlin F.E. and Schooley D.A. 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(2008).@A rational nomenclature for naming peptide toxins from spiders and other venomous animals.@Toxicon, 52(2), 264-276.@Yes$Chen J., Deng M., He Q., Meng E., Jiang L., Liao Z., Rong M. and Liang S. (2008).@Molecular diversity and evolution of cystine knot toxins of the tarantula Chilobrachys jingzhao.@Cell. Mol. Life Sci., 65(15), 2431-2444.@Yes$Diego-García E., Peigneur S., Waelkens E., Debaveye S. and Tytgat J. (2010).@Venom components from Citharischiuscrawshayi spider (Family Theraphosidae): Exploring transcriptome, venomics, and function.@Cell Mol. Life Sci., 67(16), 2799-2813.@Yes$Jiang L., Zhang D., Zhang Y., Peng L., Chen J. and Liang S. (2010).@Venomics of the spider Ornithoctonushuwena based on transcriptomic versus proteomic analysis.@Comp. Biochm. Physiol. Part D Genomics and Proteomics, 5(2), 81-88.@Yes$Tang X., Zhang Y., Hu W., Xu D., Tao H., Yang X., Li Y., Jiang L. and Liang S. 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(2007).@CSTX-1, a toxin from the venom of the hunting spider Cupienniussalei, is a selective blocker of L-type calcium channels in mammalian neurons.@Neuropharmacology, 52(8), 1650-1662.@Yes$He Q., Duan Z., Yu Y., Liu Z., Liu Z. and Liang S. (2013).@The venom gland transcriptome of Latrodectustredecimguttatusrevealed by deep sequencingand cDNA library analysis.@PLoS ONE, 8(11), e81357.@Yes$Colgrave M.L. and Craik D.J. (2004).@Thermal, chemical, and enzymatic stability of the cyclotidekalata B1: the importance of the cyclic cystine knot.@Biochemistry, 43(20), 5965-5975.@Yes$Fry B.G., Roelants K., Champagne D.E., Scheib H., Tyndall J.D.A., King G.F., Nevalainen T.J., Norman J.A., Lewis R.J., Norton R.S., Renjifo C. and de la Vega R.C. (2009).@The toxicogenomic multiverse: convergent recruitment of proteins into animal venoms.@Annu. Rev. Genome Hum. Genet., 10, 483-511.@Yes$Jiang L., Liu C., Duan Z., Deng M., Tang X. and Liang S. (2013).@Transcriptome analysis of venom glands from a single fishing spider Dolomedes mizhoanus.@Toxicon, 73, 23-32.@Yes$da Silveira R.B., Chaim O.M., Mangili O.C., Gremski W., Dietrich C.P., Nader H.B. and Veiga S.S. (2007).@Hyaluronidases in Loxoscelesintermedia (Brown spider) venom are endo-beta-N-acetyl-d-hexosaminidases hydrolases.@Toxicon, 49(6), 758-768.@Yes$Cerdà-Costa N. and Gomis-Rüth F.X. (2014).@Architecture and function of metallopeptidase catalytic domains.@Protein Science, 23(2), 123-144.@Yes$Trevisan-Silva D., Gremski L.H., Chaim O.M., da Silveira R.B., Meissner G.O., Mangili O.C., Barbaro K.C., Gremski W., Veiga S.S. and Senff-Ribeiro A. (2010).@Astacin-like metalloproteases are a gene family of toxins present in the venom of different species of the brown spider (genus Loxosceles).@Biochimie, 92(1), 21-32.@Yes$Undheim E.A., Sunagar K., Herzig V., Kely L., Low D.H., Jackson T.N., Jones A., Kurniawan N., King G.F., Ali S.A., Antunes A., Ruder T. and Fry B.G. (2013).@A proteomics and transcriptomics investigation of the venom from the barychelid spider Trittameloki(brush-foot trapdoor).@Toxins, 5(12), 2488-2503.@Yes$Kairies N., Beisel H.G., Fuentes-Prior P., Tsuda R., Muta T., Iwanaga S., Bode W., Huber R. and Kawabata S. (2001).@The 2.0-A crystal structure of tachylectin 5A provides evidence for the common origin of the innate immunity and the blood coagulation systems.@PNAS, 98(24), 13519-13524.@Yes$Wan H., Kang T., Kim B.Y., Lee S.K. and Li J. (2014).@AvCystatin, a novel cysteine protease inhibitor from spider (Araneusventricosus).@Journal of Asian Pacific Entomology, 18(1), 13-18.@Yes$deFernandes-padrosa M., Junqueira-de-Azevedo I.L.M., Gonçalves-de-Andrade R., Kobashi L.S, Almeida D.D., Ho P.L. and Tambourgi D.V. (2008).@Transcriptome analysis of Loxosceleslaeta(Araneae, Sicariidae) spider venomous gland using expressed sequence tags.@BMC Genomics, 9, 279.@Yes$Ferrer V.P., de Mari T.L., Gremski L.H., Trevisan Silva D., da Silveira R.B., Gremski W., Chaim O.M., Senff-Ribeiro A., Nader H.B. and Veiga S.S. (2013).@A novel hyaluronidase from brown spider (Loxoscelesintermedia) venom (Dietrich@PLoSNegl. Trop. Dis., 7, E2206-E2206.@Yes$de Fernandes-Pedrosa M.F., Junqueira de Azevedo I.L.M., Goncalves-de-Andrade R.M., van den Berg C.W., Ramos C.R.R., Ho P.L. and Tambourgi D.V. (2002).@Molecular cloning and expression of a functional dermonecrotic and haemolytic factor from Loxosceleslaeta venom.@Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 298(5), 638-645.@Yes$vanMeeteren L.A., Frederiks F., Giepmans B.N.G., FernandesPedrosa M.F., Billington S.J., Jost B.H., Tambourgi D.V. and Moolenaar W.H. (2004).@Spider and bacterial sphingomyelinases D target cellular lysophosphatidic acid receptors by hydrolyzing lysophosphatidylcholine.@J. Biol. Chem., 279, 10833-10836.@Yes$Luch A. (2010).@Mechanistic insights on spider neurotoxins.@EXS, 100, 293-315, PubMed: 20358687.@Yes$Orlova E.V., Rahman M.A., Gowen B., Volynski K.E., Ashton A.C., Manser C., van Heel M. and Ushkaryov Y.A. (2000).@Structure of alpha-latrotoxin oligomers reveals that divalentcation-dependent tetramers form membrane pores.@Nature Structural Biology, 7, 48-53.@Yes$Ashton A.C., Rahman M.A., Volynski K.E., Manser C., Orlova E.V., Matsushita H., Davletov B., van Heel M., Grishin E.V. and Ushkaryov Y. (2000).@Tetramerisation of alpha-latrotoxin by divalent cationsisresponsible for toxin-induced non-vesicular release and contributes totheCa(2+)-dependent vesicular exocytosis from synaptosomes.@Biochimie, 82(5), 453-468.@Yes$Ushkaryov Y. (2002).@&#945;-Latrotoxin: from structure to some functions.@Toxicon, 40, 1-5.@Yes$Rohou A., Nield J. and Ushkaryov Y.A. (2007).@Insecticidal toxins from black widow spider venom.@Toxicon, 49(4), 531-549.@Yes$Volynski&#301; K.E., Volkova T.M., Galkina T.G., Krasnoperov V.G., Pluzhnikov K.A., Khvoshchev M.V. and Grishin E.V. (1999).@Molecular cloning and primary structure of cDNA fragment for alpha-latrocrustatoxin from black widow spider venom.@BioorgKhim, 25, 25-30.@Yes$Gibbs G.M., Roelants K. and O@The CAP superfamily: cysteine-rich secretory proteins, antigen 5, and pathogenesis-related 1proteins--roles in reproduction, cancer, and immune defense.@EndocrRev., 29, 865-897.@Yes$Silva E.C., Camargos T.S., Maranhão A.Q., Silva-Pereira I., Silva L.P., Possani L.D. and Schwartz E.F. (2009).@Cloning and characterization of cDNA sequences encoding fornew venom peptides of the Brazilian scorpion Opisthacanthus cayaporum.@Toxicon, 54(3), 252-261.@Yes$Liu Z.C., Zhang R., Zhao F., Chen Z.M., Liu H.W., Wang Y.J., Jiang P., Zhang Y., Wu Y., Ding J., Lee W. and Zhang Y. (2012).@Venomic and transcriptomic analysis ofcentipede scolopendra subspinipes dehaani.@J. Proteome Res., 11(12), 6197-6212.@Yes$Baek J.H., Oh J.H., Kim Y.H. and Lee S.H. (2013).@Comparative transcriptome analysis of the venom sac and gland ofsocial wasp Vespa tropica and solitary wasp Rhynchium brunneum.@Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 16(4), 497-502.@Yes$Bouzid W., Klopp C., Verdenaud M., Ducancel F. and Vétillard A. (2013).@Profiling the venom gland transcriptomeofTetramoriumbicarinatum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): The first transcriptome analysis of an ant species.@Toxicon, 70, 70-81.@Yes$Cassola A.C., Jaffe H., Fales H.M., Castro-Afeche S., Magnoli F. and Cipolla-Neto J. (1998).@Omega-phonetoxin-IIA: a calcium channel blocker from the spider Phoneutrianigriventer.@Pflugers Arch, 436(4), 545-552.@Yes$Schweitz H., Bruhn T., Guillemare E., Moinier D., Lancelin J.M., Berees L. and Lazdunski M. (1994).@Kalicludines and kaliseptine. Two different classes of sea anemone toxins forvoltage sensitive K+ channels.@J. Biol. Chem., 270, 25121-25126.@Yes$Zupunski V., Kordis D. and Gubensek F. (2003).@Adaptive evolution in the snake venom Kunitz/BPTI protein family.@FEBS Letter, 547(1-3), 131-136.@Yes$Dy C.Y., Buczek P., Imperial J.S., Bulaj G. and Horvath M.P. (2006).@Structure ofconkunitzin-S1, a neurotoxin and Kunitz-fold disulfide variant from cone snail.@Acta Crystallogr. D Biol. Crystallogr., 62, 980-990.@Yes$Yuan C.H., He Q.Y., Peng K., Diao J.B., Jiang L.P., Tang X. and Liang S.P. (2008).@Discovery of a distinct superfamily of Kunitz-type toxin (KTT) from tarantulas.@PLoS ONE, 3, e3414.@Yes$Zhao R., Dai H., Qiu S., Li T., He Y., Ma Y., Chen Z., Wu Y., Li W. and Cao Z. (2011).@SdPI, the first functionally characterized Kunitz-type trypsin inhibitor from scorpion venom.@PLoS ONE, 6(11), e27548.@Yes$Peng K., Lin Y. and Liang S.P. (2006).@Nuclear magnetic resonance studies on huwentoxin-XI from the Chinese bird spider Ornithoctonushuwena: 15N labeling and sequence-specific 1H, 15N nuclear magnetic resonance assignments.@ActaBiochim. Biophys. Sin., 38(7), 457-466.@Yes$Zobel-Thropp P.A., Correa S.M., Garb J.E. and Binford G.J. (2014).@Spit and venom from scytodes spiders: a diverse and distinct cocktail.@J. Proteome Res., 13(2), 817-835.@Yes$Kimura T., Ono S. and Kubo T. (2012).@Molecular cloning and sequence analysis ofthe cDNAs encoding toxin-like peptides from the venom glands of tarantula Grammostola rosea.@International Journal of Peptides, 1-10.@Yes$Kuhn-Nentwig L., Largiader C.R., Streitberger K., Chandru S., Baumann T., Kampfer U., Schaller J., Schurch S. and Nentwig W. (2011).@Purification, cDNA structure and biological significance of a single insulin-like growth factor-binding domain protein (SIBD-1) identified in the hemocytes of the spider Cupiennius salei.@Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol., 41(11), 891-901.@Yes$Haney R.A., Ayoub N.A., Clarke T.H., Hayashi C.Y. and Garb J.E. (2014).@Dramatic expansion of the black widow toxin arsenal uncovered by multi-tissue transcriptomics and venom proteomics.@BMC Genomics, 15, 366.@Yes
<#LINE#>Study on drought management practices in mulberry sericulture in dry agro climatic zones of Karnataka State, India<#LINE#> A.@Mahimasanthi,Vedavyasa@Vedavyasa,M.N.@Morrison, V.@Sivaprasasd <#LINE#>24-28<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJBS-2017-106.pdf<#LINE#>Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute (CSRTI), Central Silk Board (CSB), Srirampura, Mysore- 570 008, Karnataka, India@Research Extension Centre, CSRTI, CSB, Tumkur and Madiwala, Karnataka, India@Research Extension Centre, CSRTI, CSB, Tumkur and Madiwala, Karnataka, India@Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute (CSRTI), Central Silk Board (CSB), Srirampura, Mysore- 570 008, Karnataka, India<#LINE#>13/12/2017<#LINE#>24/2/2018<#LINE#>Sericulture is an agro industry significantly contributing for the rural development throughout Karnataka. Recent droughts affected Mulberry cultivation and Silk worm rearing in many sericultural clusters in the Karnataka. Study was conducted with the sericulture farmers of central and southern dry agro climatic zone of Karnataka to find out the drought management practices adopted. The farmer’s wise adoption index was calculated for 30 identified drought management technologies. The study inferred that 34 percent of the sericulturists were medium adopters and 66 percent were low adopters. 70 percent of technologies have low extent of adoption, 7 percent have medium extent of adoption and 23 percent of technologies have high extent of adoption. 76 percent of the farmers are affected by water shortage to carry out their sericultural activities. The study suggests for taking suitable efforts to increase the awareness and to increase the adoption of technologies in an integrated manner for quality linked silk production in the drought areas.<#LINE#>Naidu K.K. and Singh V. (1990).@Impact of DPAP on psycho-social dimensions.@Journal of Rural Development, 9(3), 531-547.@Yes$Rathnam N.V. and Narasaiah P.V. (2012).@Sericulture industry - An effective tool for development of drought-Prone areas.@International Journal of Business Economics & Management Research, 2(12), 85-97.@Yes$Munikrishnappa H.M., Lakshmanan S., Geethadevi R.G., Mallikarjuna B. and Kamble C.K. (2009).@A study on economics of sericulture in drought prone region of Andhra Pradesh.@Indian J. Sericulture, 48(1), 201-203.@Yes$Mahimasanthi A., Vindhya G.S., Thippeswamy T. and Sivaprasad V. (2016).@Hand book on Integrated drought management for mulberry sericulture.@CSRTI., Mysore.@No$Rajaram S., Benchamin K.V. and Qadri S.M.H. (2006).@Impact of drought on sericulture.@Indian Silk, 45(8), 10-12.@Yes$Susheelamma B.N., Rekha M., Urs M.K.P. and Balakrishna R. (2008).@Evaluation of Promising Mulberry Hybrids for Leaf Yield under Natural Stress and Normal Environments in Mulberry.@advances in plant sciences, 21(1), 157-160.@Yes$Yadav V.P.S., Yadav S.K., Singh B.K., Mishra A. and Sharma K. (2012).@An Analysis of Factors Associated with Productivity of Dryland Crops in Haryana.@Indian Journal of Extension Education, 48(3-4), 30-33.@Yes$Xerochore (2010).@Synthesis report on Management and Policy Options for Conference On Drought”  held in the Marriott Hotel Brussels.@Belgium, on February 23-24, 101.@No$Praveena P.L.R.J., Marathy P. and Rani V.S. (2016).@Crisis Management by the Farmers Exposed to Drought–A Case Study.@Indian Research Journal of Extension Education, 14(1), 118-121.@Yes$Krishnamoorthy T.S. and Radhakrishnan S. (2012).@A study on knowledge adoption of new sericulture technologies among small mulberry farm size holders of Udumalpet and Krishnagiri areas in Tamilnadu.@Indian J. Seric., 51(1), 50-58.@Yes$Singh Bhagwan (2007).@Factors influencing technological gaps in adoption of mustard (Brassica juncea L.) production technology in arid zone of Rajasthan.@Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops, 16(1), 50-54.@Yes
<#LINE#>Bringing blue revolution to the desert<#LINE#>Punit@Saraswat  <#LINE#>29-35<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJBS-2017-109.pdf<#LINE#>Dept. of Zoology and Env.Sci. Lachoo Memorial College of Sci and Tech (Autonomous), Jodhpur (Rajasthan), India<#LINE#>19/7/2017<#LINE#>10/2/2018<#LINE#>One species of Indian major carps (Labeo rohita) and one species of exotic carp (Cyprinus carpio) were breed by induced breeding method between 19.3.1998 and 8.4.1999 using CIFE D-81 unit which has two type of setting – Indoor and Outdoor. The indoor setting has breeding and hatching unit, while outdoor setting has an underground, overhead tank and a filtration – sedimentation unit. Chlorine, sand and zooplankton free water was used for breeding exercise and natural condition was simulated (showering, water circulation) in the breeding tank after introduction of brooders using the synthetic hormone “OVAPRIM” @ of 0.5 ml/kg wt. The time of giving injection was varied in different exercises but the results were found to be the same. The eggs in case of Labeo rohita were collected in hapa and introduced in the egg containers (2 mm mesh size cotton netting) hanging in hatchery buckets. In case of C. carpio polythene strips having attached eggs were introduced in nursery tank. High dissolved oxygen in nursery tank and hatchery bucket was maintained. The oxygen content in nursery tank was further increased using multiple circular water jet provided at the top circumference of tank. Vertical air lift system in the tank was used for removing metabolites from time to time. The small quantity of water about 5000 to 6000 liters used in whole operation was passed through the filtration and sedimentation unit. The water quality improved considerably after passing through this unit as dissolved oxygen increased from 1.5 ml/l to 4.2 ml/l, free CO2 decreased from 9.0 ppm to Nil, bicarbonates decreased from 102.0 ppm to 96.0 ppm, nitrate reduced from 16.853 to 7.673 µg/l while phosphate decreased from 0.2567 µgmPO4-P/lt to 0.1244 µgmPO4-P/lt. This water was found to be suitable for breeding operation and was reused conserving this important commodity of desert.<#LINE#>Alikunhi K.H. and Chaudhuri H. (1955).@Observation on the spawning in Indian carps by hormone injection.@Curr. Sci, 26(12), 381-382.@Yes$Nandeesha M.C., Rao K.G., Jayanna R., Parker N.C., Varghese T.J., Keshavanath P. and Shetty H.P. (1990).@Induced spawning of Indian major carps through single application of Ovaprim.@In the second Asian fisheries forum, (Eds: R. Hirano and M. Hanyu). Asian Fisheries Society, Manila, Philippines, 581-585.@Yes$Harker K. (1992).@Breeding carps with ovaprim in India.@Infofish. – Int., 1, 36-39.@No$Lakra W.S., Mishra A., Dayal R. and Pandey A.K. (1996).@Breeding of Indian major carps with the synthetic hormone drug ovaprim in Uttar Pradesh.@J. Adv. Zool., 17(2), 105-109.@Yes$Sherwood N., Eiden L., Brownstein M., Spiess J., Rivier J. and Vale W. (1983).@Characterization of a teleost gonadotropin-releasing hormone.@Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 80(9), 2794-2798.@Yes$Peter R.E., Sokolowska R. and Nahorniak C.S. (1986).@Comparision of (D, Arg6, Trp7, Leu8, Pro9 Net) – Luteninzing harmone – releasing harmones (LHRH-A), in combination with pimozide, in stimulating gonadotropin release and ovulation in the gold fish.@Carrassius auratus. Can. J. Zool., 65, 987-991.@Yes$Habibi H.R., Marchant T.A., Nahorniak C.S., Van Der Loo H., Peter R.E., Rivier J.E. and Vale W.W. (1989).@Functional Relationship between Receptor Binding and Biological Activity for Analogs of Mammalian and Salmon Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormones In the Pituitary of Goldfish (Carasslus Auratus).@Biology of reproduction, 40(6), 1152-1161.@Yes$Singh B.N., Das R.C. and Kanugo G. (1998). Proceedings of the National Workshop on Recent Advances in Harmonal Physiology of Fish and Shell Fish Reproduction. April 16 – 18. Central Institute of Fresh Water Aquaculture. Bhubaneswar.@undefined@undefined@No$Huet Marchel (1971).@Text Book of fish Culture – Breeding and Cultivation of Fish.@Fishing New Books Ltd. Farnham, Surrey, England.@No$Shrigur G.A. (1972).@Observations on efficiency of vertical flow jars (glass and transparent polythene) for hatching of major carp eggs.@J. Inland. Fish. Asso., 2(1-2), 90-101.@No$Bhowmick R.M. (1974). Summer Institute on Inland Aquaculture, CIFRI, Barrackpore.@undefined@undefined@No$Shirgur G.A. (1973).@Observations on efficiency of large capacity vertical flow bins for hatching major carp eggs.@J Ind Fish Assoc, 3, 80-85.@Yes$Diwedi S.N. (1976).@Indigenous vertical jar carp hatchery.@J. Inland Fish. Asso., 6(1-2), 140.@No$Mukerjee H.K. (1945).@Factors influencing the spawning of principal carps of India.@Proc. Nat. Inst. Sci. India., 11(3), 312-315.@Yes$Silver S.J., Warren C.E. and Doudoroff P. (1963).@Dissolved oxygen requirements of developing steelhead trout and chinook salmon embryos at different water velocities.@Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 92(4), 327-343.@Yes$Dwivedi S.N., Reddy A.K. and Tiwari V.K. (1988).@A carp hatchery for India with controlled environment.@J. Inland. Fish. Soc. India, 20(1), 6-12.@Yes$Nandeesha M.C., Das S.K., Nathaniel D.E. and Verghese T.J. (1990).@Project Report on breeding of carps with ovaprim in India.@Special Publ. 4. Asian Fisheries Society Indian Branch, Manglore, Karnataka, 1-41.@Yes$Francis T., Sukumaran N., Devaraj M. and Sundararaj V. (1991).@Induced breeding of major carps using Ovaprim.@Fishing Chimes, 11(7), 25-27.@Yes$Azad I.S. and Shimrary D.K. (1991).@First success in induced breeding of Indian and exotic carps in Manipur using ovaprim.@Fish. Chimes, 11(7), 28-29.@Yes$Pandey A.C. and Singh R.N. (1997).@Breeding of Catla catla (Bhakur), Labeo rohita (rohu) and Cirrhinus mrigala (Nain) by ovaprim injection for quality seed production.@J. Adv. Zool., 18(1), 38-41.@Yes$Nayak P.K., Mishra T.K., Singh B.N., Pandey A.K. and Das R.C. (2001).@Induced maturation and ovulation in Heteropneustes fossilis by using LHRHa, pimozide and ovaprim for production of quality eggs and larvae.@Indian J. Fish, 48(3), 269-275.@Yes$Singh B.N., Das R.C., Sarkar M., Kanungo G., Sahoo G.C. and Pandey A.K. (1999).@A balanced diet for rearing of singhi, Heteropneustes fossilis, broodfish and induced breeding using ovaprim.@Indian J. Fish.@No$Khan M.N., Janjua M.Y. and Naseem M. (1993).@Breeding of carps with ovaprim (LH-RH analogue) at hatchery in Islamabad.@Proc. Pakistan Cong. Zool., 12, 545-552.@Yes$Naik I.U. and Mirza Z.S. (1993).@Use of ovaprim-C in induced spawning of Indian major carps in Punjab, Pakistan.@Proc. Pakistan Congr. Zool., 12, 411-416.@No$Pandey A.C. and Singh R.N. (1997).@Breeding of Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala by ovaprim injection for quality seed production.@J. Adv. Zool., 18(1), 38-41.@Yes$Pandey A.C. and Singh R.N. (1997).@Ovaprim for mass breeding of Indian major carps.@Indian J. Anim. Sci., 67 (12), 1133-1134.@Yes$Little J.M. and Dawson J.A. (1989).@Advances in finfish induced breeding – from laboratory to field.@Marine Biotechnology Conference, Tokyo, Japan.@Yes$Pandey A.K., Patiyal R.S., Upadhyay J.C., Tyagi M. and Mahanta P.C. (1998).@Induced spawning of golden mahasheer (Tor pulitora) with ovaprim at state fish farm near Dehradun.@Indian J. Fish., 45, 457-459.@Yes$Khan H. (1945).@Observations on the spawning behaviour of carps in Punjab.@Proc. Nat. Inst. Sci. India., 11(3), 315-320.@Yes$Chaudhari H. (1960).@Experiments on induced spawning of Indian carps with pitutary injections.@Indian J. Fish., 7 (11), 20-49.@Yes
<#LINE#>Testing of genotoxic potential of amikacin sulphate through micronucleus test in a fish in vivo system<#LINE#>Dash@Manas Ranjan ,Soren@Dhananjaya  <#LINE#>36-40<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJBS-2018-001.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, B.B. Mahavidyalaya, Harichandanpur, Keonjhar-758028,Keonjhar Dist.,  Odisha, India@Department of Zoology, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack-753003, Cuttack Dist., Odisha, India<#LINE#>4/1/2018<#LINE#>2/3/2018<#LINE#>In the present study, the injectable form of Amikacin (Amikacin sulphate) a therapeutically popular broad spectrum antibiotic, is assessed for its genotoxic potential using MNT in a fish, Oreochromis mossambicus. Amikacin sulphate is already reported to be potentially nephrotoxic, ototoxic and neurotoxic. In the present investigation, Amikacin sulphate failed to induce MN in lower doses but it did so in higher doses, though not significantly. Again, the frequencies of MN and nuclear abnormalities (NA) were found to be comparatively higher in fishes exposed to the antibiotic for longer period irrespective of strength of the treatment dose. In comparison to MN frequencies, the frequencies of nuclear abnormalities (NA) were observed to be higher in fishes of all treated groups and their incidences were dose and exposure dependent. The frequencies of both MN and nuclear abnormalities showed an increasing trend with the increase of dose strength and exposure time. The MN and NA data of this study indicated that Amikacin  sulphate has the potentiality to cause damage or instability to the genome of an organism in higher doses and longer exposures. However, long term studies in animals employing different assay systems are required to assess its carcinogenic and genotoxic potential thoroughly.<#LINE#>Ma&#269;or M. and Ebringer L. (1988).@Effect of elevated temperature on genotoxicity of chemotherapeuticals towardEuglena gracilis.@Folia microbiologica, 33(4), 314.@Yes$McQueen C.A., Way B.M., Queener S.M., Schlüter G. and Williams G.M. (1991).@Study of potential in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity in hepatocytes of quinolone antibiotics.@Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 111(2), 255-262.@Yes$Gibson D.P., Ma X., Switzer A.G., Murphy V.A. and Aardema M.J. (1998).@Comparative genotoxicity of quinolone and quinolonyl&#8208;lactam antibacterials in the in vitro micronucleus assay in Chinese hamster ovary cells.@Environmental and molecular mutagenesis, 31(4), 345-351.@Yes$Ila H.B. and Topaktas M. (1999).@In vivo genotoxic effects of spiramycin in rat bone marrow cells.@Cytologia, 64(3), 277-283.@Yes$Sontakke Y.A. and Fulzele R.R. (2009).@Cytogenetic study on genotoxicity of antitumor-antibiotic Mitomycin C.@Biomedical Research, 20(1), 40-44.@Yes$Çelik A. and Eke D. (2011).@The assessment of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of tetracycline antibiotic in human blood lymphocytes using CBMN and SCE analysis, in vitro.@International Journal of Human Genetics, 11(1), 23-29.@Yes$Metovic A., Mackic-Djurovic M. and Ibrulj S. (2013).@Analysis of chromosome aberrations contained in vitro human peripheral blood lymphocytes after treatment with ceftriaxone.@Medical Archives, 67(4), 228.@Yes$Ko&#351;ar P.A., A&#351;c&#305; H., Ci&#287;erci I.H., Sayg&#305;n M., Calapo&#287;lu M., Yüksek &#350;. and Cankara F.N. (2017).@The Effect of Alpha-Lipoic Acid on Preventing Amikacin-Induced DNA Damage in Rats.@Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences, 87(4), 1489-1495.@Yes$Hooftman R.N. and De Raat W.K. (1982).@Induction of nuclear anomalies (micronuclei) in the peripheral blood erythrocytes of the eastern mudminnow Umbra pygmaea by ethyl methanesulphonate.@Mutation Research Letters, 104(1-3), 147-152.@Yes$Belpaeme K., Delbeke K., Zhu L. and Kirsch-Volders M. (1996).@Cytogenetic studies of PCB77 on brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) using the micronucleus test and the alkaline comet assay.@Mutagenesis, 11(5), 485-492.@Yes$Hayashi M., Ueda T., Uyeno K., Wada K., Kinae N., Saotome K., Tanaka N., Takai A., Sasaki Y.F., Asano N., Sofuni T. and Ojima Y. (1998).@Development of genotoxicity assay systems that use aquatic organisms.@Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, 399(2), 125-133.@Yes$Rodriguez-Cea A., Ayllon F. and Garcia-Vazquez E. (2003).@Micronucleus test in freshwater fish species: an evaluation of its sensitivity for application in field surveys.@Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 56(3), 442-448.@Yes$Ali F., El-Shehawi A.M. and Seehy M.A. (2008).@Micronucleus test in fish genome: a sensitive monitor for aquatic pollution.@African journal of biotechnology, 7(5), 606-612.@Yes$Bolognosi C. and Hayashi M. (2011).@Micronucleus assay in aquatic animals.@Mutagenesis, 26(1), 205-213.@Yes$Bucker A., Carvalho M., Conceição M. and Alves-Gomes J. (2012).@Micronucleus test and comet assay in erythrocytes of the Amazonian electric fish Apteronotus bonapartii exposed to benzene.@Ecotoxicology and Environmental Contamination, 7(1), 65-73.@Yes$Kadurugamuwa J.L., Clarke A.J. and Beveridge T.J. (1993).@Surface action of gentamicin on Pseudomonas aeruginosa.@Journal of bacteriology, 175(18), 5798-5805.@Yes$Begg E.J. and Barclay M.L. (1995).@Aminoglycosides – 50 years on.@Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 39, 597-603.@No$Poulikakos P. and Falagas M.E. (2013).@Aminoglycoside therapy in infectious diseases.@Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy, 14(12), 1585-1597.@Yes$Szczepanik W., Kaczmarek P. and Je&#380;owska-Bojczuk M. (2004).@Oxidative activity of copper (II) complexes with aminoglycoside antibiotics as implication to the toxicity of these drugs.@Bioinorganic chemistry and applications, 2(1-2), 55-68.@Yes$Ozer M.K., Asci H., Oncu M., Yesilot S., Savran M., Bayram D. and Cicek E. (2009).@Effects of pentoxifylline on amikacin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.@Renal failure, 31(2), 134-139.@Yes$Aksoy F., Dogan R., Ozturan O., Eren S.B., Veyseller B., Pektas A. and Hüseyinbas Ö. (2014).@Protective effect of trimetazidine on amikacin-induced ototoxicity in rats.@International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology, 78(4), 663-669.@Yes$Asci H., Saygin M., Cankara F.N., Bayram D., Yesilot S., Candan I.A. and Ilhan I. (2015).@The impact of alpha-lipoic acid on amikacin-induced nephrotoxicity.@Renal failure, 37(1), 117-121.@Yes$Je&#380;owska-Bojczuk M., Szczepanik W., Le&#347;niak W., Ciesio&#322;ka J., Wrzesi&#324;ski J. and Bal W. (2002).@DNA and RNA damage by Cu (II)-amikacin complex.@The FEBS Journal, 269(22), 5547-5556.@Yes$Drugs.Com (2017), Amikacin. https//www.drugs.com/pro/ amikacin.html. Acessed on Oct 13, 2017.@undefined@undefined@No$EMEA (2017).@The Europian Agency for Evaluation of Medicinal Products, Veterinary Medicines and Inspections, 2001.@Committee for veterinary medicinal products, Gentamicin, Summary Report (3). Available at http://www.emea.eu.int., Accessed on Oct 13, 2017.@No$International programme on chemical safety website (2017).@WHO food additives series 41 prepared by the 50th meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA).@Available at www.inchem.org/ documents/jecfa/jecmono/vo41je05.htm.Accessed on Oct 17, 2017.@No$Woodward K.N. and Directorate V.M. (2017).@Antimicrobial Agents.@Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, UK.  Available at www.inchem.org / documents / jecfa/ jecmono/v38je04.htm.Accessed on Oct 13, 2017.@Yes
@Short Communication
<#LINE#>Habitat selection and behaviour of purple moorhen (Porphyrio porphyrio) in district Ambala, Haryana, India<#LINE#>Rana@Sarita  <#LINE#>41-45<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJBS-2017-107.pdf<#LINE#>Deptt. of Zoology, University College, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India<#LINE#>18/12/2017<#LINE#>28/2/2018<#LINE#>Purple moorhen (Porphyrio porphyrio) is a purple color bird of order Gruiformes and Ralidae family. It is found inhabiting marshy lands, swamps and often found foraging in paddy fields. Purple moorhen usually prefers wetlands for various activities like feeding, foraging and nesting, but due to increased encroachment of these wetlands large scale change in habitat selection and behavior has been observed since last decade. The study was conducted in the district Ambala of Haryana from May 2015 to October 2016. As the breeding season commences aquatic plant species Salvinia was found to be abundant in the water bodies and so it is most preferred species for nesting by the purple moorhen. Maximum time was allocated to the activities like foraging feeding, care of chicks and resting. For most of the activities of the day preferred microhabitat was Salvinia and Eichornia.<#LINE#>Wallau G.L., Della-Flora F., Bueno A.S., Corso J., Ortiz M. F. and Cáceres N.C. (2010).@Behaviour of the Common Moorhen in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.@acta ethologica, 13(2), 127-135.@Yes$Hu J., Jiang Z., Yang D. and Hu H. (2010).@Nest-site selection by Purple Swamphen in Haifeng, China.@Chinese Birds, 1(4), 230-235.@Yes$Helm R.N., Pashley D.N. and Zwank P.J. (1987).@Notes on the Nesting of the Common Moorhen and Purple gallinule in Southwestern Louisiana (Notas sobre el anidamiento de Gallinula chloropus y Porphyrula martinica en el suroeste de Luisiana, EUA).@Journal of Field Ornithology, 58(1), 55-61.@Yes$Najafi N.N., Kahrom E. and Karami M. (2012).@Preliminary Survey of the Breeding Biology of the Purple Swamphen Porphyrio porphyrio in Anzali wetland, Southwest Caspian Sea.@Journal homepage, 7(1/2), 9-15, www.wesca.net.@Yes$Quader S. (2003).@Nesting and mating decisions and their consequences in Baya weaver (Ploceus philippinus)- A study.@Doctorate thesis submitted to university of Florida.@Yes$Santhoshkumar E. and Balasubramanian P. (2010).@Breeding behaviour and nest treeuse by Indian Grey  Hornbill  in Eastern Ghats India.@Forktail, 26, 82-85.@Yes$Kaushik T.K. and Gupta R.C. (2014).@Deteriorating rural ponds: a threat to overseas migratory wetland birds in Kurukshetra suburbs, Haryana, India.@J Appl Natur Sci, 6(2), 570-577.@Yes$Collias N.E. and Collias E.C. (1967).@A quantitative analysis of breeding behavior in the African village weaverbird.@The Auk, 84(3), 396-411.@Yes
<#LINE#>Traditional medicinal plants and beliefs system of conservation of sacred lake Prashar, Himachal Pradesh, India<#LINE#>Sharma @Ramesh C. ,Kumari@Rama  <#LINE#>46-51<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJBS-2018-002.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Environmental Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar-Garhwal 246174, Uttarakhand, India@Department of Environmental Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar-Garhwal 246174, Uttarakhand, India<#LINE#>5/1/2018<#LINE#>4/3/2018<#LINE#>Prashar lake is situated in Himachal Pradesh, named after Parashar Rishi, one of the seven saga of Saptrishi. There are numerous cultural and traditional beliefs associated with this lake play an important role in conservation of the lake. Total 25 traditional medicinal plants were present in the Prashar lake landscape area. It was studied that most of the traditional plants have curative value to treat stomach related problems, fever, Asthma, Arthritis and Analgesic problems. The lake water is used as “Prasad” (sacrament) of the God, as lake water has high medicinal property. Water from the catchment area flows into the lake through many medicinal plants including Acorus calamus L., which accounts for medicinal properties in water. This lake reflects a holistic interaction of human and nature.<#LINE#>Peaty D. (2011).@Sacred sites, conservation and tourism.@Ritsumeikan Seisakukagaku, 18(3), 193-199.@Yes$Bernbaum E. (1996).@Secrets of the Sacred Hills.@People and the Planet, 8, 5.@Yes$Kumar S. and Sharma S. (2013).@Species diversity, uses and distribution of medicinal plants along an altitudinal gradient in Paddar valley, Northwestern Himalaya.@Int. J. Med. Arom. Plants, 3(3), 343-351.@Yes$Prakash K.C., Farooquee N.A. and Dhar U. (2004).@Prioritization of medicinal plants on the basis of available knowledge, existing practices and use value status in Uttaranchal, India.@Biodiversity and Conservation, 13(2), 453-469.@Yes$Bhat J.A., Kumar M. and Bussmann R.W. (2013).@Ecological status and traditional knowledge of medicinal plants in Kedarnath Wildlife sanctuary of Garhwal Himalaya, India.@J. Ethnobiol and Ethnomedicine, 9, 1.@Yes$Kumar N. and Choyal R. (2012).@Traditional Phytotherapy for Snake Bites by the Local Rural People of Hamirpur District in Himachal Pradesh (India).@An International Journal, 4, 98-106.@Yes$Vidyarthi S., Samant S.S. and Sharma P. (2013).@Traditional and indigenous uses of medicinal plants by local residents in Himachal Pradesh, North Western Himalaya, India.@International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services & Management, 9(3), 185-200.@Yes$Verma R.K. and Kapoor K.S. (2014).@Status of Plant Diversity in Alpine Area of Rakchham- Chitkul Wild life Sanctuary of District Kinnaur, Himachal Pradesh.@An International Journal, 6, 5-12.@Yes$Kumar P., Manikandan R., Panwar G.S. and Srivastava S.K. (2017).@Diversity of high altitude ethno-medicinal plants in Himachal Pradesh, India.@Indian Forester, 143(2), 165-179.@Yes$The Plant List (2017), www.theplantlist.org@undefined@undefined@No$Flowers of India (2017), www.flowersofindia.net.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Handa O.C. (1998).@Prashar-The Lake Divine.@Glimpses of the Western Himalayas, Indus Publishing company. New Delhi, 49.@Yes$Emerson W.H. (1920).@Gazetteer of the Mandi State.@Indus Publishing Company, New Delhi.@Yes$Thakur M.R. (1997).@Devata Institution and Its Rituals. Myths, Rituals, and Beliefs in Himachal Pradesh.@Indus Publishing Company New Delhi, 134.@Yes$Bharadwaj V. (2015).@Folk Belief and traditions of the supernatural: A case study of Shimla hills in Western Himalayas.@European Scientific Journal, 342-351.@Yes$Kala C.P. (2005).@Current status of medicinal plants used by traditional Vaidyas in Uttaranchal state of India.@Ethnobot Res Appl., 3, 267-278.@No$Anthwal A. and Sharma R.C. (2006).@Sacred groves: traditional way of conserving plant diversity in G arhwal Himalaya, Uttranchal.@The Journal of American Sciences, 2, 35-38.@No$Shastry K. and Chaturvedi G. (2001).@Charaka Samhita Part-I.@Chaukambha Bharati Academy,Varanasi, 72- 94.@No$Shastri K.A. (2002).@Sushruta Samhita Part-I.@Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 143-147.@Yes$Atrideva K. (2005).@Ashtanga Samgraha.@Chaukhambha Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi, 138-140.@Yes$Bhat S.D., Ashok B.K. and Acharya R. (2012).@Exploring the concept of vacha (acorus calamus linn.) shodhana in ayurveda.@International Journal of Research in Ayurveda & Pharmacy, 3(3), 341-344.@No$Kumar A. (2013).@Medicinal properties of Acorus calamus.@Journal of Drug Delivery & Therapeutics, 3(3), 143-144.@Yes$Hou J.P. and Jin Y. (2005).@The Healing Power of Chinese Herbs and Medicinal Recipes.@The Haworth Integrative Healing Press, Binghampton, New York, 277-280.@Yes$Said H.M. and Ahmad V.U. (1986).@Pakistan Encyclopaedia Planta Medica.@Hamdard Foundation Press, Pakistan, 160.@Yes$Uniyal S.K., Singh K.N., Jamwal P. and Lal B. (2006).@Traditional use of medicinal plants among the tribal communities of Chhota Bhangal, Western Himalaya.@Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 2, 14.@Yes$McNeely J.A. (2000).@Cultural factors in conserving biodiversity.@In Links between Culture and Biodiversity, (ed. Kunming, J. C.and Xu C.), China: Yunnan Science and Technology Press, 128-142.@Yes
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Some traditionally used medicinal plants of Kanpur District, UP, India<#LINE#>Nigam @Gaurav ,Bharati@Divya  <#LINE#>52-61<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJBS-2017-057.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Botany, Institute of Basic Science, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi-284128, U.P. India@Department of Botany, Institute of Basic Science, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi-284128, U.P. India<#LINE#>17/5/2017<#LINE#>15/2/2018<#LINE#>India is the largest producer of medicinal plants. An Ethnobotanical study was conducted from March 2014 to September 2014 to limited information regarding plants used by local people in Kanpur district for treating general ailments and common diseases. The present reported 87 medicinal plants belonging to 42 families and 82 genera for curing diverse from ailments, these  use of plant parts leaves 40%, fruit 14%, root 13%, bark 10%, seeds 7%, whole plant 4%, flower, latex, stem 3%, gum 2% and rhizome 1%. Most of the species were very common and were cultivated or planted in homestead or roadsides. Method of preparations for eight categories viz. Ash, Decoction, Extract, Juice, Oil, Paste, Powder and some time various fresh plant parts were also used directly. In fact the medicinal plants are easily available, compared to the modern (allopathic drug) system. It is urgent need to preserve indigenous knowledge for the benefits for future generation. Moreover this study could play on important role for the conservation of these plants.<#LINE#>Camejo-Rodrigues J., Ascensao L., Bonet M.À. and Valles J. (2003).@An ethnobotanical study of medicinal and aromatic plants in the Natural Park of “Serra de São Mamede” (Portugal).@Journal of ethnopharmacology, 89(2-3), 199-209.@Yes$Bhat T.A., Nigam G. and Majaz M. (2012).@Study of some medicinal plants of the Shopian District, Kashmir (India) with emphasis on their traditional use by Gujjar and Bakerwal tribes.@Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 5(2), 94-98.@Yes$Ahmad S.S. (2007).@Medicinal wild plants from Lahore, Islamabad Motor way (M-2), Pakistan.@Pak. J. Bot., 39(2), 355-375.@Yes$Agarwal K. and Verma R. (2012).@Some ethnomedicinal plants of Bhopal district used for treating stone diseases.@Journal of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 3(1), 1356-1362.@Yes$Saxena N., Yadav V.K. and Verma R.K. (2014).@Traditional knowledge of medicinal plants used to cure gastro intestinal problems in Jalaun district of U.P., India.@Journal of Medicinal Plant Studies, 2(4), 24-28.@Yes$Sharma A., Santvan V.K., Sharma P. and Chandel S. (2014).@Studies on Traditional Knowledge of Ethnomedicinal Plants in Jawalamukhi, Himanchal Pradesh, India.@International Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 3 (10), 6-12.@Yes$Duthi J.F. (1991).@Flora of Upper Gangetic Plain and of the Adjacent Siwalik and Sub Himalayan Tracts.@Culcutta Superintendent Government Printing, India, I,II,III.@No$Kanjilal P.C. (1933).@A Forest Flora for Pilibhit, Oudh, Gorakhpur and Bundelkhand. Orinting and Stationary, United Provience, Allahabad.@@Yes$Maheshwari J.K. (1963).@A Contribution to the flora of Kanha National Park, Madhya Pradesh.@Bull. Bot. Survey India, 5(2), 117-140.@Yes$Saxena A.P. and Vyas K.M. (1978).@Flora of Bundelkhand: A contribution to the Grasses of Banda and Hamirpur district U.P.@Bull. Bot. Soc.University Sagar, 25, 73-78.@Yes$Singh J., Sinha K., Mishra N.P. and Singh S.C., Sharma A. and Khanuja S.P.S. (2003).@Traditional uses of Terminalia arjuna (Arjun).@Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences, 25(4), 1039-1042.@No$Census of (2011).@Government of India. Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India.@@No$Jain S.K. and Goel A.K. (1995).@Workshop Exercise-1.Proforma for Field Work.@Jain S.K. (Editor). A Manual of Ethnobotany. Scientific Publisher, Jodhpur, pp.142-147.@No
@Short Review Paper
<#LINE#>Indigenous methods of preparation of tassey from palm tree Arenga obtusifolia Griff. by the Nyishi tribe of Kurung Kumey - Arunachal Pradesh, India<#LINE#>Nanda@P. ,Teyi@C. ,Gocham@Y. ,Kumji@T. ,Sharma@H. ,Muthu@Joram  <#LINE#>62-65<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJBS-2017-105.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, D.N. Government of College, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh-791113, India@Department of Zoology, D.N. Government of College, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh-791113, India@Department of Zoology, D.N. Government of College, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh-791113, India@Department of Zoology, D.N. Government of College, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh-791113, India@Department of Zoology, D.N. Government of College, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh-791113, India@Department of Botany, D.N. Government of College, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh-791113, India<#LINE#>3/12/2017<#LINE#>2/3/2018<#LINE#>The north eastern region of India comprises of two biodiversity hotspots including Eastern Himalayas. The rich biodiversity of the region comprises of floras and faunas which also include various forms of palm species. This study was conducted with the help of undergraduate students on the process of preparation of TASSEY from the sugar palm tree Arenga obtusifolia Griff. found in various parts of Arunachal Pradesh. The study area consisted of Kurung Kumey district of Arunachal Pradesh, where parts of Arenga obtusifolia are used as food by the local people. The people belonging to Nyishi tribe of the study area mostly depends on agriculture as their major sustenance with forest products as their secondary source. Tassey, a product obtained from the stem of the plant, is indigenously prepared as food item which is used by the people of that area, especially during natural calamity. The paper presents an elaborate description of the whole process of preparation of Tassey with the help of traditional methods and various indigenous instruments. The end product is obtained in the form of a white grey powder, which is taken as food in various forms. It is also used as fodder for the domestic animals. Local beverages are also prepared by fermenting it with yeast. With the pace of development and passage of time this indigenous knowledge is on the verge of extinction. Production of nutritionally rich Tassey can be encouraged by planting more such trees and promoting its marketing. Conservation of such indigenous knowledge system along with the plant, having ethno medicinal properties is the need of hour.<#LINE#>Phoenix G.K., Hicks W.K., Cinderby S., Kuylenstierna J. C.I., Stock W.D., Dentener F.J., Giller K.E., Austin A.T., Lefroy R.D.B., Gimeno B.S., Ashmore M.R. and Ineson P. (2006).@Atmospheric nitrogen deposition in world biodiversity hotspots: the need for a greater global perspective in assessing N deposition impacts.@Global Change Biology, 12(3), 470-476.@Yes$Kulkarni A.R. and Mulani R.M. (2004).@Indigenous palms of India.@Current science, 86(12), 1598-1603.@Yes$Singh R.K., Srivastava R.C., Pandey C.B. and Singh A. (2015).@Tribal institutions and conservation of the bioculturally valuable ‘tasat’(Arenga obtusifolia) tree in the eastern Himalaya.@Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 58(1), 69-90.@Yes$India State of Forest Report (2011), Forest Survey of India, 97.@undefined@undefined@No$Pushpangadan P. (1995).@Ethnobiology in India: a status report.@Ministry of Environment and Forests Government of India.@Yes$Tag H. (2005).@Plants used by the Hill Miri tribe of Arunachal Pradesh in Ethnofisheries.@Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 4(1), 57-64.@Yes$Dransfield J. and Mogea J.P. (1984).@The flowering behaviour of Arenga (Palmae: Caryotoideae).@Botanical journal of the Linnean Society, 88(1&#8208;2), 1-10.@Yes