@Research Paper
<#LINE#>A study on the Macrobrachium Bate, 1868 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae) of Purba Medinipur District, West Bengal, India<#LINE#>Priti Ranjan @Pahari,Mitali @Das,Tanmay @Bhattacharya <#LINE#>1-7<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJBS-2018-058.pdf<#LINE#>PG Department of Zoology, Tamralipta Mahavidyalaya, Tamluk, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, 721636, India@PG Department of Zoology, Tamralipta Mahavidyalaya, Tamluk, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, 721636, India@Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India<#LINE#>31/7/2018<#LINE#>14/10/2018<#LINE#>This study revealed existence of 10 species of Macrobrachium Bate, 1868 from Purba Medinipur District, West Bengal. Of these Macrobrachium banjarae is being recorded for the first time from West Bengal. 8 species namely M. idae, M. idella, M. lamarrei, M. malcolmsoni, M. mirabile, M. rude, M. scabriculum and M. villosimanus are reported for the first time  from Purba Medinipur district and 4 species viz., M. banjarae, M. lamarrei, M. malcolmsoni, M. villosimanus are endemic to the Indo-Burma region.<#LINE#>Odinetz-Collart O. (1993).@Ecologia e potencial pesqueiro do camarão-canela Macrobrachium amazonicum na  Bacia Amazônica. In FERREIRA. EJG., SANTOS, GM., LEÃO, ELM. and OLIVEIRA, LA. (Eds.).@Bases científicas para estratégias de preservação e desenvolvimento da amazônia: fatos e perspectivas. Manaus: INPA., 2, 147-166.@Yes$Short J.W. (2004).@A revision of Australian river prawns, Macrobrachium (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae).@Hydrobiologia, 525, 1-100.@Yes$Magalhães C. (2001).@Diversity, distribution, and habitats of the macro-invertebrate fauna of the Río Paraguay and Río Apa, Paraguay, with emphasis on decapod crustaceans.@In: Chernoff B, Willink PW, Montambault JR (eds) A biological assessment of the aquatic ecosystems of the Río Paraguay Basin, Alto Paraguay, Paraguay. RAP Bull Biol Assess 19. Conservation International, Washington, DC, 68-72.@Yes$Report (2018).@Integrated Taxonomic Information System.@https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt. July, 2018@No$Jayachandran K.V. (2002).@Palaemonid prawns: Biodiversity, taxonomy, biology and management.@Oxford IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., 624. ISBN: 1-57808-182-3@No$Jayachandran K.V. and Indira B. (2010).@Sustainable exploitation of freshwater prawn diversity of india for food and livelihood security with emphasis on planning.@Indian j.sci.res., 1(2), 127-132.@Yes$Radhakrishnan E.V., Deshmukh V.D., Maheswaradu G., Jose Joscleen, Dineshbabu A.P., Philipose K.K., Sarada P.T., Lakshmi Pillai S., Saleela K.N., Chakraborty Rekhadevi, Dash Gyanaranjan, Sajeev C.K., Thirumilu P., Sridhara B., Miniyappa Y., Sawant A.D., Vaidya N.G., Dias Johny R., Verma J.B., Baby P.K., Unnikrishnan C., Ramachandran N.P., Vairamani A., Palanichamy A., Radhakrishnan M. and Raju B. (2012).@Prawn fauna (Crustacea, Decapoda) of India – An Annotated checklist of the Penaeid Sergestoid, Stenopodidand Caridean prawns.@J. Mar. Biol. Ass. India, 54(1), 50-72.@Yes$Chandra K., Gopi K.C., Rao D.V., Valarmathi K. and Alfred J.R.B. (Eds.). (2017).@Current Status of Freshwater Faunal Diversity in India.@Zoological Survey of India. ISBN 978-81-8171-462-6@Yes$Klotz W. (2008).@Macrobrachium agwi-a new species of freshwater prawn (Decapoda:Palaemonidae) from East Bengal India.@Zootaxa, 1844, 47-54.@Yes$Chanda A. (2014).@A Systematic Study on Prawns (Crustacea: Decapoda:Caridea: Palaemonidea: Palaemonidae) in Riverine System of Paschim Medinipur, West  Bengal.@The Int. Jour. Of Sci. & Techno., 2(5), 366-373.@Yes$Ghosh S. (2018).@Penaeid shrimp and giant prawn seed collection from Rupnarayan River in Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India.@Aquaculture Asia, 22(1), 16-21.@No$George M.J. (1969).@Systematics ii – Taxonomic considerations and General distribution –Prawn fisheries.@CMFRI Bulletin 14; Prawn fisheries of India. CMFRI, Mandapam Camp, 14, 5-48.@Yes$Jalihal D.R., Shakuntala S. and Sankolli K.N. (1984).@Freshwater prawns of the genusMacrobrachium Bate, 1868 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) from Karnataka, India.@Rec. Zool. Surv. India, Miscellaneous publication Occational paper, 112, 1-74.@No$Mariappan N. and Richard J. (2006).@Studies on freshwater prawns of family Atyidae, and Palaemonidae from Kanchipuram district and Thiruvallur distr, icts, Tamilnadu, India, including one new species of Genus Caridina H Milne Edwards.1837.@Rec.Zoo. Surv. India. Occasional paper no. 243.@Yes$Tiwari K.K. (1958).@New species and subspecies of Indian freshwater prawns.@Rec. Indian Mus., 53, 297-300.@Yes$Heller C. (1862).@Beritrage Zurnaheren Kenntniss der maeruren.@Sitzungsberichte akad.Wiss. Wien, 45, 389- 426.@No$Nobili (1899).@Contribuzioni alia conoscenza della fauna carcinologica della Papuasia, delle Molucche e dell@Annali del Museum Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, series 2, 20(40), 230-282.@Yes$Man J.D. (1897).@Report? About Mr. Schiffskapit? n Storm to Atjeh, to the western K? of Malacca, Borneo and Celebes, as well as decapods and stomatopods collected in Java Lake. Sixth part.@Zoological Year, 725-790.@Yes$Coutiere (1900).@Sur quelques Macroures des eaux douces de Madagascar.@Comptes 1881. Rendus des Stances de iAcademic des Sciences (Paris), 130, 1266-1268.@No$De Man. (1902).@Die von Herrn Professor Kiikenthal in Indischen Archipelgesammelten Dekapoden und Stomatopoden.@In W. Kiikenthal, Ergebnisse einer zoologischen Forschungsreise in den Molukkenund Borneo. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 25(3), 467-929.@Yes$Holthuis (1950).@The Decapoda of the Siboga Expedition, Part X: The Palaemonidae Collected by the Siboga and Snellius Expeditions, with Remarks on Other Species, Part I: Subfamily Palaemoninae.@In Siboga-Expeditie, 39(9), 1-268.@Yes$Hilgendorf F. (1898).@Die Land- und Susswasser-Dekapoden Ostafrikas.@Deutsch-Ost-Afrika, 4(7), 1-37.@Yes$Coutiere H. (1901).@Les Palaemonides des eaux douces de Madagascar.@Annis Sci. nat. Zool, 12, 249-342.@No$Henderson J.R. and Matthai G. (1910).@On Certain Species of Palaemon from South India.@Records of the Indian Museum, 4(4), 277-305.@Yes$Edwards H.M. (1837).@Histoire Naturalle des Crustaces,comprenant I’anatomie,la physiologie et la classification de ces animaux.@2, 1-532.@No$Edwards H.M. (1844).@Crustaces. Voyage dans I’Inde ,par Victor Jacquemont, pendant les anees 1828 a 1832.@Description des collections, 4(2), 1-9.@No$Kemp S. (1917).@Notes on Crustacean Decapoda in the Indian Museum. IX.@Rec. Indian Mus., 13, 203-231.@Yes$De Man J.G. (1879).@On some species of the genus Palaemon Fabr. with descriptions of two new forms.@Notes from the Royal Zoological Museum of the Netherlands at Leyden, 1(3), 165-184.@Yes$Fabricius J.C. (1798).@Supplementum Entomologiae Systematicae.@Hafniae, 572.@Yes$Ortmann A. (1891).@Die Decapoden-Krebse des Strassburger Museums, mit besonderer Beriicksichtigung der von Herrn Dr. Doderlein bei Japan und bei den Liu-Kiu-Inseln gesammelten und z. Z. im Strassburger Museum aufbewahrten Formen, II: Versuch einer Revision der Gattungen Palaemon sens, strict, und Bithynis. Zoologische JahrbQchern.@Abtheilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere., 5, 693-750.@Yes$Sharp B. (1893).@Catalogue of the Crustaceans in the Museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.@Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 104-127.@Yes$Schenkel E. (1902).@Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Dekapodenfauna von Celebes.@Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel, 13, 485-585.@Yes$Sunier A.L.J. (1925).@Two announcements about Palaemonids.@Magazine of the Dutch Dierkundige Vereeniging. Leiden, (2), 19, 115-117.@Yes$Heller C. (1862).@New crustaceans collected during the world sailing of the KK frigate Novara.@Nego. kaiser.-konig. zool.-bot. Gesell.Vienna, 12, 519-528.@Yes$Hilgendorf F. (1879).@Die von Hrn. W. Peters in Mozambique gesammelten Crustaceen.@Monatsberichte der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie Wissenschaf- ten zu Berlin, 1878:782-852.@Yes$Nobili G. (1903).@Crostacei di Pondichery.@Marie, Bombay etc. Bollettino dei Muuseidi Zoologia ed Anatomia comparata della R. Universita di Torino, 18(452), 1-24.@Yes$Nobili G. (1900).@Descrizione di un nuovo Palaemon di Giava e osservazioni sulla Callianassa turnerana Wh. del Camerun.@Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia comparata della R. Universitd di Torino, 15(379), 1-4.@Yes$Tiwari K.K. (1955).@Distribution of Indo-Burmese freshwater prawns of the genus Palaemon Fabr., and its bearing on the Satpura hypothesis.@Bul. the Nat. Inst. of Sci. India, New Delhi, 7, 230-239.@Yes$Tiwari K.K. (1947).@Preliminary descriptions of two new species of Palaemon from Bengal.@Rec. Indian Mus, 45(4), 329-331.@Yes
<#LINE#>Bioethanol production from mild alkali pretreated sawdust and groundnut shells<#LINE#>Sundeep @Kaur,Sonam@.,Pardeep @Kaur <#LINE#>8-14<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJBS-2018-061.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Microbiology, Dolphin (PG) College of Science and Agriculture, Chunni Kalan-140307, Punjab, India@Department of Microbiology, Dolphin (PG) College of Science and Agriculture, Chunni Kalan-140307, Punjab, India@Department of Microbiology, Dolphin (PG) College of Science and Agriculture, Chunni Kalan-140307, Punjab, India<#LINE#>10/8/2018<#LINE#>20/11/2018<#LINE#>Lignocellulosic materials like sawdust (SD) and groundnut shells (GS) are abundant renewable resources exploited for second generation bioethanol production. The present study investigated the production of bioethanol from mild alkaline pre-treated SD and GS. The SD and GS were pre-treated with 1% (w/v) NaOH followed by autoclaving at 121ºC for 45 min. The pre-treated biomass revealed 20% and 32% loss of lignin content, accompanied with a release of 2.97g/100 g and 2.47 g/100 g sugars in the pre-treated hydrolysate of SD and GS. The pre-treated biomass also revealed changes in physical characteristics such as 18.5% and 21.8% weight loss and change in colour intensity. The saccharification of pre-treated SD and GS by commercial cellulase (ex Aspergillus niger) resulted in maximum reducing sugar content of 15.64g/100g and 8.48g/100 g at 48h and 24h of incubation, respectively. The fermentation of hydrolysate (saccharified and pretreated) of SD and GS with Saccharomyces cerevisiae resulted in 5.48g/100g and 2.84g/100g bioethanol at 120h of incubation, respectively.<#LINE#>Waqas M., Aburiazaiza A.S., Minadad R., Rehan M., Barakat M.A. and Nizami A.S. (2018).@Development of biochar as fuel and catalyst in energy recovery technologies.@J. Clean. Prod., 188, 477-488.@Yes$Rajaeifar M.A., Akram A., Ghobadian B., Rafiee S., Heijungs R. and Tabatabaei M. (2016).@Environmental impact assessment of olive pomace oil biodiesel production and consumption: A comparative lifecycle assessment.@Energy., 106, 87-102.@Yes$Jahirul M.I., Rasul M.G., Chowdhury A.A. and Ashwath N. (2012).@Biofuels production through biomass pyrolysis—A technological review.@Energies., 5, 4952-5001.@Yes$Bilal Abdi (2017).@India proposes new bio-ethanol policy to spur Rs 5,000 crore investments.@Energy world. https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/oil-and-gas/india-proposes-new-bio-ethanol-policy-to-spur-rs-5000-crore-investments/61755856. 23 November 2017.@No$Velazquez-Lucio J., Colla L.M., Rodríguez-Jasso R.M., Sáenz-Galindo A., Cervantes-Cisneros D.E., Aguilar C.N., Fernandes B.D. and Ruiz H.A. (2018).@Microalgal biomass pre-treatment for bioethanol production: A review.@Biofuel Res. J., 17, 780-791.@Yes$Vallejos M.E., Kruyeniski J. and Area M.C. (2017).@Second-generation bioethanol from industrial wood waste of South American species.@Biofuel Res., 15, 654-667.@Yes$Chang Y.H., Chang K.S., Chen C.Y., Hsu C.L., Chang T.C. and Jang H.D. (2018).@Enhancement of the efficiency of bioethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae via gradually batch-wise and fed-batch increasing the glucose concentration.@Fermentation., 4(2), 45.@Yes$Balat M. (2011).@Production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic materials via the biochemical pathway: A review.@Energy Convers. Manag., 52(2), 858-875.@Yes$Valdivia M., Galan J.L., Laffarga J. and Ramos J.L. (2016).@Biofuels 2020: Biorefineries based on lignocellulosic materials.@Microb. Biotechnol., 9(5), 585-594.@Yes$Ramos J.L., García-Lorente F., Valdivia M. and Duque E. (2017).@Green biofuels and bioproducts: Bases for sustainability analysis.@Microb. Biotechnol., 10(5), 1111-1113.@Yes$Kumar P., Barrett D.M., Delwiche M.J. and Stroeve P. (2009).@Methods for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for efficient hydrolysis and biofuel production.@Industrial & engineering chemistry research, 48(8), 3713-3729.@Yes$Mohanty B. and Abdullahi I.I. (2016).@Bioethanol production from lignocellulosic waste-a review.@Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia, 13(2), 1153-1161.@Yes$Rathna G., Saranya R. and Kalaiselvam M. (2014).@Bioethanol from sawdust using cellulase hydrolysis of Aspergillus ochraceus and fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.@Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci., 3(12), 733-742.@Yes$Nyachaka C.J., Yawas D.S. and Pam G.Y. (2013).@Production and performance evaluation of bioethanol fuel from groundnuts shell waste.@American J. Eng. Res., 2(12), 303-312.@Yes$Akinosho H., Dumitrache A., Natzke J., Muchero W., Jawdy S.S., Tuskan G.A., Brown S.D. and Ragauskas A.J. (2017).@Effects of biomass accessibility and klason lignin contents during consolidated bioprocessing in Populus trichocarpa.@ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng., 5(6), 5075-5081.@Yes$Miller G.L. (1959).@Use of Dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar.@Anal. Chem., 31(3), 426-428.@Yes$Mandels M., Andreotti R. and Roche C. (1976).@Measurement of saccharifying cellulase.@Biotechnol. Bioeng. Symp., 6, 21-33.@Yes$Caputi A. Jr. and Wright D. (1969).@Collaborative study of the determination of ethanol in wines by chemical oxidation.@J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 52, 85-88.@Yes$Torkashvand A.M, Alidoust M. and Khomami A.M. (2015).@The reuse of peanut organic wastes as a growth medium for ornamental plants.@Int. J. Recycling Org. Wastes Agri., 4(2), 85-94.@Yes$Ramgopal Y.N., Chowdary M.R. and Chaitanya V. (2016).@A Study on Production of Pulp from Ground Nut Shells.@Int. J. Sci. Eng. Res., 7(6), 423-428.@No$Tan W.C., Kuppusamy U.R., Phan C.W., Tan Y.S., Raman J., Anuar A.M. and Sabaratnam V. (2015).@Ganoderma neo-japonicum imazeki revisited: Domestication study and antioxidant properties of its basidiocarps and mycelia.@Sci. Rep., 5, 10.1038/ srep12515.@Yes$Jaishankar M., Mathew B.B., Shah M.S., Krishna Murthy T.P. and Sangeetha Gowda K.R. (2014).@Biosorption of Few Heavy Metal Ions Using Agricultural Wastes.@Journal of Environment Pollution and Human Health., 2(1), 1-6.@Yes$Martin C., Alriksson B., Sjöde A., Nilvebrant N.O. and Jönsson L.J. (2007).@Dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment of agricultural and agroindustrial residues for ethanol production.@Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 136-140, 339-352.@Yes$Raveendran K., Ganesh A. and Khilar K.C. (1995).@Influence of mineral matter on biomass pyrolysis characteristics.@Fuel, 74(12), 1812-1822.@Yes$Dai Y., Si M., Chen Y., Zhang N., Zhou M., Liao Q., Shi D. and Liu Y. (2015).@Combination of biological pretreatment with NaOH/Urea pretreatment at cold temperature to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis of rice straw.@Biores. Technol., 198, 725-731.@Yes$Kim S.J., Lee Y.Y. and Kim T.H. (2016).@A review on alkaline pretreatment technology for bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass.@Biores. Technol., 199, 42-48.@Yes$Kim B., Gulati I., Park J. and Shin J.S. (2012).@Pretreatment of cellulosic waste sawdust into reducing sugars using mercerization and etherification.@Bioresources., 7(4), 5152-5166.@Yes$Sahare P., Singh R., Laxman R.S. and Rao M. (2012).@Effect of alkali pretreatment on the structural properties and enzymatic hydrolysis of corn cob.@Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 168(7), 1806-1819.@Yes$Brugnago R.J., Satyanarayana K.G., Wypych F. and Ramos L.P. (2011).@The effect of steam explosion on the production of sugarcane bagasse/polyester composites.@Comp. A: Appl. Sci. Manuf., 42, 364-370.@Yes$Emmel A., Mathias A.L., Wypych F. and Ramos L.P. (2003).@Fractionation of Eucalyptus grandis chips by dilute acid-catalysed steam explosion.@Bioresour. Technol., 86, 105-115.@Yes$Iroba K.L., Tabil L.G., Sokhansanj S. and Dumonceaux T. (2014).@Pretreatment and fractionation of barley straw using steam explosion at low severity factor.@Biomass Bioenerg., 66, 286-300.@Yes$Menardo S., Bauer A., Theuretzbacher F., Piringer G., Nilsen P., Balsari P., Pavliska O. and Amon T. (2013).@Biogas production from steam-exploded Miscanthus and utilization of biogas energy and CO2 in greenhouses.@BioEnerg. Res., 6(2), 620-630.@Yes$Margeot A., Hahn-Hagerdal B., Edlund M., Slade R. and Monot F. (2009).@New improvements for lignocellulosic ethanol.@Curr. Opin. Biotechnol., 20(3), 372-380.@Yes$Trevorah R.M. and Othman M.Z. (2015).@Alkali pre-treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of Australian timber mill sawdust for biofuel production.@J. Renew. Energy., 1-9.@Yes$Gajula C., Chandely A.K., Konakall R., Rudravaram R., Pogakuyy R. and Mangamoori L.N. (2011).@Fermentation of Groundnut Shell Enzymatic Hydrolysate for Fuel Ethanol Production by Free and Sorghum Stalks Immobilized Cells of Pichia stipitis NCIM 3498.@Int. J. Chem. React. Eng., 9. 10.1515/1542-6580.2514.@Yes$Nester E.W., Roberts C.E. and Nester M.T. (1995).@Microbiology - A human perspective.@W.C. Brown Pub., Dubuque, Iowa, USA, 116-118.@Yes$Shide E.G., Wuyep P.A. and Nok A.J. (2004).@Studies on the degradation of wood sawdust by Lentinus squarrosulus (Mont.) singer.@Afric. J. Biotechnol., 3(8), 395-398.@Yes$Farias-Sanchez J.C., Velazquez-Valadez U., Pineda-Pimentel M.G., Lopez-Miranda J., Castro-Montoya A.J., Carrillo-Parra A., Vargas-Santillan A. and Rutiaga-Quinones J.G. (2017).@Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of pine sawdust (Pinus pseudostrobus L.) pre-treated with nitric acid and NaOH for bioethanol production.@Bioresources., 12(1), 1052-1063.@Yes$Ayeni A.O., Omoleye J.A., Hymore F.K. and Pandey R.A. (2016).@Effective alkaline peroxide oxidation pre-treatment of shea tree sawdust for the production of biofuels: Kinetics of delignification and enzymatic conversion to sugar and subsequent production of ethanol by fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae.@Braz. J. Chem. Eng., 33(1), 33-45.@Yes$Puttaswamy C.T., Sagar B.R., Simha U., Manjappa S. and Kumar V.C.S. (2016).@Production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass.@Indian J. Adv. Chemical Sci., 1, 239-244.@No$Bharthare P., Singh P. and Tiwari A. (2016).@Production of bioethanol with the aid of Mucor indicus by using peanut shell as substrate.@Int. J. Adv. Res., 4(12).@No$Byadgi S.A. and Kalburgi P.B. (2016).@Production of Bioethanol from waste newspaper.@Procedia Environ. Sci., 35, 555-562.@Yes$Singh A. and Singh A. (2015).@A comparative overview of bioethanol production from organic residues of agrowaste materials.@Eur. J. Biotechnol., 3(3), 11-14.@Yes
<#LINE#>Prevalence of multi drug resistant salmonella sp from meat samples of Hyderabad city, India<#LINE#>G. @Pradeep,S.K. @Mendem,G.C. @Math,C.T. @Shivannavar,S.M. @Gaddad <#LINE#>15-20<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJBS-2018-065.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Microbiology, Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi, Karnataka-585106, India@Department of Microbiology, Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi, Karnataka-585106, India@Department of Microbiology, Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi, Karnataka-585106, India@Department of Microbiology, Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi, Karnataka-585106, India@Department of Microbiology, Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi, Karnataka-585106, India<#LINE#>17/8/2018<#LINE#>24/11/2018<#LINE#>Food is important need of survival for humankind. Food infections and etiological agents associated food is a serious threat. In the current study involved with Salmonella sp isolation and screening from retail meat shops and evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility. A total of 287 samples meat (goat meat-147 and chicken meat-140) were collected from retail meat shops of Hyderabad city, India. Samples were processed as per the ISO 6579:2002 and Salmonella isolates were identified based on the standard biochemical and cultural characterization. The serotyping was carried out by Kauffmann-White scheme for species level identification. Evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility test to various antibiotics as per CLSI guidelines and MIC of Ceftazidime and Ciprofloxacin was determined. Out of 287, 56 samples were positive for Salmonella with an incidence rate of 19.57%. The highest incidence of 22% was recorded in chicken meat samples and the goat meat samples had incidence rate of 16.32% (n=24). Based on serotyping, 87.5% (n=49), and 12.5% (n=7) isolates were identified as S. typhimurium and S. enteridis.  A total of 85.7 % (n=48) of the 56 Salmonella isolates are multidrug resistant (MDR) and subsequently, ES&#946;L (extended spectrum &#946;-lactamase) producing Salmonella strains were 7.1% (n=04). Out of 48 Ciprofloxacin Resistant Salmonella sp (CRSs), 06 isolates have shown maximum MIC range of 256 µg – 512µg/ml. Further, 12 out of 20 Ceftazidime Resistant Salmonella sp (CzRS) isolates assessed for MIC to Ceftazidime showed substantially high MIC values of 64-128µg/ml. In the current study Salmonella sp from poultry and animal meat samples were isolated and described characteristic studies. The results emphasize the issue of food safety and highlights violation of food safety regulations. The emergence of MDR among Salmonella sp is an alarming crisis could lead to treatment failure.<#LINE#>Bhunia A.K. (2018).@Foodborne microbial pathogens: mechanisms and pathogenesis.@Springer, 2008. Salmonella enteric, 201-215.@Yes$Rahman H. (2002).@Some aspects of molecular epidemiology & charcterisation of Salmonella Typhimurim isolated from man & animals.@Indian Journal of Medical Research, 115, 108.@Yes$Nørrung B. and Buncic S. (2008).@Microbial safety of meat in the European Union.@Meat Science, 78(1-2), 14-24.@Yes$Ray B. (2004).@Fundamental food microbiology.@CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.@No$Hernandez T., Sierra A., Rodriguez-Alvarez C., Torres A., Arevalo M.P., Calvo M. and Arias A. (2005).@Salmonella enterica serotypes isolated from imported frozen chicken meat in the Canary islands.@Journal of food protection, 68(12), 2702-2706.@Yes$Bouchrif B., Paglietti B., Murgia M., Piana A., Cohen N., Ennaji M.M. and Timinouni M. (2009).@Prevalence and antibiotic-resistance of Salmonella isolated from food in Morocco.@The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 3(01), 35-40.@Yes$Eblen D.R., Barlow K.E. and Naugle A.L. (2006).@US Food Safety and Inspection Service testing for Salmonella in selected raw meat and poultry products in the United States, 1998 through 2003: an establishment-level analysis.@Journal of food protection, 69(11), 2600-2606.@Yes$Jordan E., Egan J., Dullea C., Ward J., McGillicuddy K., Murray G. and McDowell S. (2006).@Salmonella surveillance in raw and cooked meat and meat products in the Republic of Ireland from 2002 to 2004.@International journal of food microbiology, 112(1), 66-70.@Yes$Kaye K.S., Engemann J.J., Fraimow H.S. and Abrutyn E. (2004).@Pathogens resistant to antimicrobial agents: epidemiology, molecular mechanisms, and clinical management.@Infectious disease clinics of North America, 18(3), 467-511.@Yes$Arslan S. and Eyi A. (2010).@Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella species in retail meat products.@Journal of food protection, 73(9), 1613-1617.@Yes$Straley B.A., Donaldson S.C., Hedge N.V., Sawant A.A., Srinivasan V., Oliver S.P. and Jayarao B.M. (2006).@Public health significance of antimicrobial-resistant gram-negative bacteria in raw bulk tank milk.@Foodbourne Pathogens & Disease, 3(3), 222-233.@Yes$White D.G., Zhao S., Sudler R., Ayers S., Friedman S., Chen S. and Meng J. (2001).@The isolation of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella from retail ground meats.@New England journal of medicine, 345(16), 1147-1154.@Yes$Livermore D.M. (1995).@beta-Lactamases in laboratory and clinical resistance.@Clinical microbiology reviews, 8(4), 557-584.@Yes$Paterson D.L. (2006).@Resistance in gram-negative bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae.@American journal of infection control, 34(5), S20-S28.@Yes$Andrews W.H., Andrew J. and Hammack T. (2011).@Salmonella. In: Bacteriological Analytical Manual.@Federal Drug Administration, 8th ed., Revision A, Ch. 5. USFDA.@Yes$Clarke P.H. and Cowan S.T. (1952).@Biochemical methods for bacteriology.@Microbiology, 6(1-2), 187-197.@Yes$Kauffmann F. (1972).@Serological diagnosis of Salmonella species.@Mungksgaard, Copenhagen.@Yes$Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (2012).@Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Tests; Approved Standard.@11th ed. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne.@No$Andrews J.M. (2001).@Determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations.@Journal of antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 48(1), 5-16.@Yes$Ellermeier C.D. and Slauch J.M. (2006).@The genus Salmonella.@In The prokaryotes, Springer, New York, NY., 123-158.@Yes$Ray B. (2004).@Fundamental Food Microbiology.@CRC Press, Boca Raton. New York, 225-238.@Yes$Popoff M.Y. and Le Minor L.E. (2005).@Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology.@Wiliam and wikins Bakimore, P545, 2, 198.@Yes$Van T.T.H., Moutafis G., Istivan T., Tran L.T. and Coloe P.J. (2007).@Detection of Salmonella spp. in retail raw food samples from Vietnam and characterization of their antibiotic resistance.@Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 73(21), 6885-6890.@Yes$Phan T.T., Khai L.T., Ogasawara N., Tam N.T., Okatani A.T., Akiba M. and Hayashidani H. (2005).@Contamination of Salmonella in retail meats and shrimps in the Mekong delta, Vietnam.@Journal of Food Protection, 68(5), 1077-1080.@Yes$Vindigni S.M., Srijan A., Wongstitwilairoong B., Marcus R., Meek J., Riley P.L. and Mason C. (2007).@Prevalence of foodborne microorganisms in retail foods in Thailand.@Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 4(2), 208-215.@Yes$Donado-Godoy P., Clavijo V., Leon M., Tafur M.A., Gonzales S., Hume M. and Doyle M.P. (2012).@Prevalence of Salmonella on retail broiler chicken meat carcasses in Colombia.@Journal of food protection, 75(6), 1134-1138.@Yes$Dong P., Zhu L., Mao Y. and Liang R. (2014).@Prevalence and profile of Salmonella from samples along the production line in Chinese beef processing plants.@Food Control, 38, 54-60.@Yes$Little C.L., Richardson J.F., Owen R.J., De Pinna E. and Threlfall E.J. (2008).@Campylobacter and Salmonella in raw red meats in the United Kingdom: prevalence, characterization and antimicrobial resistance pattern, 2003-2005.@Food microbiology, 25(3), 538-543.@Yes$Bachhil V.N. and Jaiswal T.N. (1988).@Occurrence of Salmonella in meats.@J. Food Sci. Technol., 25(5), 310-312.@Yes$Selvaraj R., Das R., Ganguly S., Ganguli M., Dhanalakshmi S. and Mukhopadhayay S.K. (2010).@Characterization and antibiogram of Salmonella spp. From poultry specimens.@J. Microbiol. Antimicrob., 2, 123-126.@Yes$Mayrhofer S., Paulsen P., Smulders F.J. and Hilbert F. (2004).@Antimicrobial resistance profile of five major food-borne pathogens isolated from beef, pork and poultry.@International Journal of Food Microbiology, 97(1), 23-29.@Yes$White D.G., Zhao S., Simjee S., Wagner D.D. and McDermott P.F. (2002).@Antimicrobial resistance of foodborne pathogens.@Microbes and infection, 4(4), 405-412.@Yes
<#LINE#>Record of Mammalian diversity in Doimukh region of Arunachal Pradesh, India<#LINE#>Abprez Thungwon @Kimsing,Rengnong @Zongsam,Daniel @Mize <#LINE#>21-25<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJBS-2018-067.pdf<#LINE#>Ecology and Wildlife Biology Unit, Department of Zoology, Rajiv Gandhi University, Doimukh-791112, Arunachal Pradesh, India@Ecology and Wildlife Biology Unit, Department of Zoology, Rajiv Gandhi University, Doimukh-791112, Arunachal Pradesh, India@Ecology and Wildlife Biology Unit, Department of Zoology, Rajiv Gandhi University, Doimukh-791112, Arunachal Pradesh, India<#LINE#>23/8/2018<#LINE#>20/11/2018<#LINE#>The present work is to investigate and record the mammal diversity in Doimukh area of Arunachal Pradesh. A total of 30 species of mammals belonging to 18 families under 9 orders were recorded during the study period between 2013 and 2014. The survey has been carried out following the line transect and other secondary methods. Of the total recorded, Carnivora and Rodentia were the most dominant order with 9 species each, followed by Artiodactyla with 5 species, Primates with 2 species, Proboscidea, Eulipotyphla, Lagomorpha, Pholidota and Chiroptera with 1 species each. Three species of squirrel namely Hoary-bellied himalayan squirrel, Himalayan striped squirrel and Pallas\\\'s squirrel were the frequently observed mammals during the survey. From the recorded list, 8 species were found to be threatened species under category as per IUCN, 2014. These  includes 5 vulnerable species (Bos frontalis, Ursus thibetanus, Rusa unicolor, Pardofelis marmorata and Nycticebus bengalensis) and 3 endangered species (Elephas maximus, Cuon alpinus and Manis pentadactyla). 2 large-sized, 1 medium-sized and 6 small-sized carnivores were recorded during the survey. The findings will provide baseline information for further systematic studies on mammals in the area.<#LINE#>Sen A.K. and Mukhopadhyay S.K. (1999).@Avifauna of Mouling National Park, Arunachal Pradesh, India.@Current Science, 76(10), 1305-1308.@Yes$Datta A., Pansa J., Madhusudan M.D. and Mishra C. (2003).@Discovery of the Leaf deer Muntiacus putaoensis in Arunachal Pradesh: an addition to the large mammals of India.@Current Science, 84(3), 454-458.@Yes$Mishra C., Madhusudan M.D. and Datta A. (2006).@Mammals of the high altitudes of western Arunachal Pradesh, eastern Himalaya: an assessment of threats and conservation needs.@Oryx, 40(1), 29-35.@Yes$Mishra C. and Datta A. (2007).@A new bird species from eastern himalayan Arunachal Pradesh- India’s biological frontier.@Current Science, 92(9), 1205-1206.@Yes$Mize D. and Tsomu T. (2012).@Avifauna species recorded from the Rono Hills of Arunachal Pradesh.@The Ecoscan, 6(3-4), 117-180.@Yes$Mize D., Taba R. and Sarma H.N. (2014).@Species diversity of birds in Dihang-Dibang Biosphere Reserve, Arunachal  Pradesh.@The Ecoscan, 8(1-2), 77-84.@Yes$Sen N. (2004).@Further notes on otherwise distribution of the amphibian fauna of North east India.@Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 102(3-4), 105-112.@No$Lepage D. (2017).@Avibase - The World Bird Database.@Bird Studies Canada. http://avibase.bsceoc.org/checklist., Accessed, 2/04/2014.@Yes$Choudhury A. (2003).@The mammals of Arunachal Pradesh.@Regency Publication, New Delhi, 1-140. ISBN:81-87498-80-3@Yes$Sinha A., Datta A., Madhusudan M.D. and Mishra C. (2005).@Macaca munzala: a new species from western Arunachal Pradesh,NE India.@International Journal of Primatology, 26(4), 977-989.@Yes$Goswami R. (2011).@Black pika sighted in Arunachal-WWF-India research team stumbles upon rare mammalat 13000 ft.@The Telegraph India, 1. Accessed, 20/05/2016.@No$Mishra C., Datta A. and Madhusudan M.D. (2004).@The high altitude wildlife of western Arunachal Pradesh: a survey report.@CERC Technical Report No. 8. Nature Conservation Foundation, International Snow Leopard Trust, and Wildlife Conservation Society (India Program), Mysore, India.@Yes$Saha S.S. (1981).@A new genus and a new species of Flying squirrel (Mammalia:Rodentia: Sciuridae) from north eastern India.@Bulletin of the Zoological Survey of India, 4(3), 331-336.@Yes$Ceballos G., Ehrlich P.R., Soberon J., Salazar I. and Fay J.P. (2005).@Global mammal conservation: what must we manage.@Science, 309, 603-607.@Yes$Schipper J., Chanson J.S., Chiozza F., Cox N.A., Hoffmann M., Katariya V. and Baillie J. (2008).@The status of the world@Science, 322(5899), 225-230.@Yes$Burnham K.P., Anderson D.R. and Laake J.L. (1980).@Estimate of density from line transect sampling of biological populations.@Wildlife Monograph, 72, 3-202.@Yes$Bibby C.J., Burgess N.D. and Hill D.A. (1992).@Bird Census Techniques.@1st ed. Academic press ltd, London. 85-104. ISBN: 0-12-095830-9@Yes$Menon V. (2009).@Field guide to Indian mammals.@1st ed., A & C Black publication ltd, London, U. K, 1-200. ISBN: 1-40-811213-2@No$Wilson D.E. and Reader D.M. (2005).@Mammal species of world: a taxonomic and geographic reference.@3rd ed., 2 vols, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD, 1-2142. ISBN: 0-80-188221-4@Yes$IUCN. (2014).@The IUCN Red List of threatened species.@www.iucnredlist.org., Accessed, 3/04/2014.@No$Aiyadurai A. (2011).@Wildlife hunting and conservation in North-east India: a need for an interdisciplinary understanding.@International Journal of Galliformes Conservation, 2, 61-73.@Yes$Selvan K.M., Veeraswami G.G., Habib B. and Lyngdoh S. (2013).@Losing threatened and rare wildlife to hunting in Ziro Valley, Arunachal Pradesh, India.@Current Science, 104(11), 1492-1495.@Yes$Solanki G.S. and Chutia P. (2013).@Patterns of birds hunting in Arunachal Pradesh and implications for biodiversity conservation.@Tropical Ecology, 54(2), 263-267.@Yes
<#LINE#>The rearing system of goats in Mahaoya Veterinary Range in Ampara District, Sri Lanka<#LINE#>Fonseka @W.S.R.,Mahusoon @M.M.,Narmhikaa @K. <#LINE#>26-31<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJBS-2018-068.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Eastern University, Sri Lanka@Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Eastern University, Sri Lanka@Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Eastern University, Sri Lanka<#LINE#>27/8/2018<#LINE#>25/11/2018<#LINE#>Goats are significant component of livestock industry having adaptableness to unfavorable climates which make them fit for landless and marginal farmers. Mahaoya is the potential place for goat farming in Ampara district but the baseline data on the status of goat farming in Mahaoya is not available. These data are essential to implement any development projects in goat farming. In this context a study was framed to find out the current status of goat farming and to identify the potentials to develop the goat farming in Mahaoya veterinary range. A survey of goat farmers was conducted in Mahaoya veterinary ranges in Eastern Province. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was administrated to randomly selected goat farmers. 120 goat farmers were coded and entered in Microsoft Excel and transferred into SPSS for analysis. Majority of the farmers kept local breeds of goats. Farmers exhibited limited knowledge on goat farming and improved management. They reared goats mainly for commercial purpose. Goats were reared primarily under Extensive management system. Heard size was generally >20 in Mahaoya.  Local breed was available in most of the farms in the surveyed area. Natural breeding was the prominent method of breeding in Mahaoya veterinary ranges (100%).  In range goats were allowed to graze for more than 8 hours per day and fodder tree, fodder grass, concentrate and crop residues were used as feed sources in this veterinary range. In Mahaoya veterinary range 90.5% of the meat was sold to middle man. Veterinary service was not adequate for Mahaoya veterinary range and farmers were faced constraints related to feeding, breeding, health and management. In conclusion, it revealed that the goat farming is popular among rural people as it plays a significant role in economy and nutrition of rural poor. However there is an urgent prerequisite to develop a strategy in respect of breeding conservation and goat management in Mahaoya. The results of this study will help to design programs to meet such specific needs of farmers to uplift their farming conditions.<#LINE#>Kumawat M., Uddin A., Bhinda R., Khichar S.L. and Jat G.R. (2017).@Constraints Faced by Farmers in Goat Rearing Practices in Jaipur District of Rajasthan, India.@Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci, 6(12), 942-944.@Yes$Jimmy S., David M., Donald K.R. and Dennis M. (2010).@Smallholder goat breeding systems in humid, sub-humid and semi arid agro-ecological zones of Uganda.@Global Veterinaria, 4(3), 283-291.@Yes$Kumar S., Rama Rao C.A., Kareemulla K. and Venkateswarlu B. (2010).@Role of Goats in Livelihood Security of Rural Poor in the Less Favoured Environments.@Ind. Jn. of Agri. Econ, 65(4), 760.@Yes$Anon (2013).@Report.@Department of animal production and health. 2(54), 78.@No$Adams F. and Ohene-Yankyera K. (2014).@Socio-economic characteristics of subsistent small ruminant farmers in three regions of northern Ghana.@Asian Journal of applied science and engineering, 3(3), 351-364.@Yes$Kumar S. and Deoghare P.R. (2003).@Goat production system and livelihood security of rural landless households.@Indian J. of Small Ruminants, 9(1), 19-24.@Yes$Fonseka S.R., Mahusoon M.S.M., Narmhikaa K. and Inthujaa S. (2018).@Socioeconomic status and infrastructure availability of goat farmers in Eravur and Vantharumoolai veterinary ranges in Batticaloa district.@International Journal of Research Publication, 7(1), 8.@Yes$Homann S., van Rooyen A., Moyo T. and Nengomasha Z. (2007).@Goat production and marketing: Baseline information for semi-arid Zimbabwe.@Matopos Research Station, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, 84.@Yes$Subalini E. and lavanya S. (2011).@Socio economic status and system of goat farming in Batticaloa district.@Environmental and development Econnomics, 11(3), 89-90.@No$Hakim A., Karanjkar P.L. and Karanjkar L.M. (2005).@Effect of feeding system on growth and carcass traits of Osmanabadi kids.@Indian Journal of Small Ruminants, 11(1), 18-23.@Yes$Chaturvedi O.H., Sankhyan S.K., Mann J.S. and Karim S.A. (2008).@Livestock holding pattern and feeding practices in semi arid Eastern Region of Rajasthan.@Indian Journal of Small Ruminant, 44(2), 224-229.@Yes$Budisatria I.G.S. (2006).@Dynamics of small ruminant development in Central Java, Indonesia.@PhD Thesis, Animal Production Systems Group, Wageningen University, 66-110.@Yes
@Short Communication
<#LINE#>Phytochemical and thin layer chromatographic studies on two medicinal plants of Dudhnoi area of Assam, India<#LINE#>Kalita @Pankaj <#LINE#>32-37<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJBS-2018-064.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, Arya Vidyapeeth College, Gopinath Nagar, Guwahati, Assam, India<#LINE#>14/8/2018<#LINE#>27/11/2018<#LINE#>Rabha peoples of Dudhnoi area of Assam use Vitex negundo for the treatment of diarrhea, asthma and cough. Another popular ethnomedicine Andrographis paniculata is used for the treatment of high blood pressure, ulcer, bronchitis, dysentery, malaria and different skin diseases. Phytochemical investigation on ethanolic leaf and stem extracts prove the presence of different important chemicals in these two medicinal plants. Thin layer chromatography also indicates the presence of multiple compounds in these two medicinal plants. Phytochemical and thin layer chromatographic investigation confirmed that chemical composition of leaf and stem extracts of the two samples are different.<#LINE#>Das A.K., Choudhury M.R. and Sharma G.C. (2013).@Medicinal Plants used by Koch Rajbangshi of North Salmara Subdivision, Bongaigaon, Assam, India.@Our Nature, 11(1). 45-53.@Yes$Sarmah P.C. (2011).@Ethno antidiabetic plants of assam.@IJABPT, 2(4), 246-251.@Yes$Saharia S. and Sarma C.M. (2011).@Ethno-medicinal studies on indigenous wetland plants in the tea garden tribes of Darrang and Udalguri district, Assam, India.@NeBIO, 2(1), 27-33.@Yes$Abujam, S.S. and Shah, R.K. (2012).@Study on the ethnomedicinal system of local people of Dibrugarh, Assam.@IJPI, 2(2), 17-28.@Yes$Sarmah B.P., Baruah D. and Bakalial B. (2013).@Wetland medicinal plants in floodplains of Subansiri and Ranga river of Lakhimpur district, Assam, India.@Asian J. Plant Sci. Res., 3(3), 54-60.@Yes$Kalita P. (2015).@Thin Layer Chromatographic investigation on leave of Leucas Aspera extracted in Ethanol and Dichloromethane.@Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., 4(7), 69-72.@No$Kalita P. (2016).@Studies on the behavior of ethanolic and dichloromethanic leaf extract of Cynodon dactylon from Assam using thin layer chromatography.@Res. J. Recent Sci., 5(3), 1-11.@Yes$Harborne J.B. (1998).@Phytochemical studies of medicinal plants.@Int. J. Plant Sci., 68, 130-142.@No$Yadav R.N.S. and Agarwala M. (2011).@Phytochemical analysis of some medicinal plants.@Journal of Phytology, 3(12), 10-14.@Yes$Srujana T.S., Babu K.R. and Rao B.S.S. (2012).@Phytochemical Investigation and Biological Activity of Leaves Extract of Plant BoswelliaSerrata.@The Pharma Innovation, 1(5), 22-46.@Yes$Kumar A., Ilavarasan R., Jayachandran T., Decaraman M., Aravindhan P., Padmanabhan N. and Krishnan M.R.V. (2009).@Phytochemicals Investigation on a Tropical Plant, Syzygium cumini from Kattuppalayam, Erode District, Tamil Nadu, South India.@Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 8(1), 83-85.@Yes$Sharma V.K., Tiwari M., Chauhan N.S. and Nema R.K. (2012).@Phytochemical investigation on the Ethanolic Extract on the Leaves of Zizyphus xylopyrus (Retz.) Willd.@Intl. J. Agron. Plant. Prod., 3(1), 26-37.@Yes$Chitravadivu C., Manian S. and Kalaichelvi K. (2009).@Qualitative Analysis of Selected Medicinal Plants, Tamilnadu, India.@Middle-East J. Sci. Res., 4(3), 144-146.@Yes$Srivastava A.K., Srivastava P., Behera B.R. and Shrivastava A.K. (2011).@Pharmacognostical and phyto-chemical investigation of Cissus Quadrangularis Linn. Stem.@IJPRD, 3(1), 207-215.@Yes
<#LINE#>Molecular phylogeny and authentication of selected meliaceae members based on chloroplast rbcL sequencing studies<#LINE#>Jebarubi @E.,Christopher Patrick Kiladi @S.,Leon Stephan Raj @T. <#LINE#>38-41<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJBS-2018-066.pdf<#LINE#>Post Graduate and Research Department of Botany, St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Palayamkottai, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti 627 012, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India@Post Graduate and Research Department of Botany, St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Palayamkottai, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti 627 012, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India@Post Graduate and Research Department of Botany, St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Palayamkottai, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti 627 012, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India<#LINE#>16/8/2018<#LINE#>30/11/2018<#LINE#>Plants are used as a source of medicine in Traditional Medicinal Systems in India from time immemorial. The demand in medicinal plants leads to the adulteration in pharmaceutical industries. Low grade materials replaced with original one and most of the medicinal plants are sold as root, powder, leaf, fruit or stem, it leads to problem in plant identification. In the present investigation molecular phylogenetic analysis and authentication of medicinal plants Cipadessa baccifera and Melia azedarach belonging to the family Meliaceace was carried out using rbcL sequencing studies. The rbcL sequencing of the selected plants analysed with BLAST for similar sequence studies and the alignment was done with T-coffee software. The phylogenetic relationship between the species was constructed by MEGA software. BLAST results indicated the number of similar sequences present in the Genbank repository. The phylogenetic tree represented the degree of similarity and variation with other species and other accessions of same species. The result of the study was useful for the authentication of selected meliaceae members. The phylogenetic tree showed their relationship with other meliaceae members.<#LINE#>Patrick O.E. (2002).@Herbal Medicines: Challenges (Editorial).@Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 1(2), 53-54.@Yes$Flores J.P., Eigenbrode S.D. and Quiroz L.H. (2012).@Alkaloids, Limonoids and Phenols from Meliaceae Species Decrease Survival and Performance of Hypsipylagrandella Larvae.@American Journal of Plant Sciences, 3, 988-994.@Yes$Fang X., Di Y.T. and Hao X.J. (2011).@The advances in the limonoid chemistry of the meliaceae family.@Curr Organic Chem, 15(9), 1363-1391.@Yes$Han J., Lin W.H., Xu R.S., Wang W.L. and Zhao S.H. (1991).@Studies on the Chemical Constituents of Melia azedarach L.@Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica (in Chinese), 26(6), 426-429.@Yes$MerraP.S. and Kalidhar S.B. (2003).@Phytochemical investigation of Melia azedarach leaves.@J. Med. Aromatics Plant Sci., 25(2), 397-399.@Yes$Luo X.D., Wu S.H., Ma Y.B. and Wu D.G. (2000).@Components of Cipadessa baccifera.@Phytochemistry, 55(8), 867-872.@Yes$Hebert P.D.N., Cywinska A., Ball S.L. and deWaard J.R. (2003).@Biological identifications through DNA barcodes.@Proc. Biol. Sci., 270(1512), 313-321.@Yes$Pei N., Chen B. and Kress W.J. (2017).@Advances of community-level plant DNA barcoding in China.@Frontiers in plant science, 8, 225.@Yes$Freeman (2008).@Scott.@Biological Science. San Francisco: Pearson/Benjamin Cummings, Print.@No$Tandon G., Sharma R., Mishra A.K. and Chandrasekharan H. (2013).@Structural and Functional Annotation of Uncharacterized Protein in Triticum aestivum.@International Journal of Bioinformatics and Biological Science, 1(2), 209-219.@Yes$Newmaster S.G., Grguric M., Shanmughanandhan D., Ramalingam S. and Ragupathy S. (2013).@DNA barcoding detects contamination and substitution in North American herbal products.@BMC Med., 11, 222.@Yes$Poornima B. (2010).@Adulteration and substitution in herbal drugs a critical analysis.@International Journal of Research Ayurveda and Pharmacy, 1(1), 8-12.@Yes$Gamble J.S. (1928).@Flora of the Presidency of Madras.@Adlard & Sons Ltd., 21, Hart Street W.O., London, 3.@Yes$Drummond A.J., Ashton B., Buxton S., Cheung M., Cooper A., Heled J., Kearse M., Moir R., Stones-Havas S., Sturrock S., Thierer T. and Wilson A.(2010).@Geneious.@v5.1, Available from http://www.geneious.com.@No$Tamura K., Stecher G., Peterson D., FilipskiA. and Kumar S. (2013).@MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 6.0.@Mol. Biol. Evol., 30(12), 2725-2729.@Yes$WHO (World Health Organization) (2005).@Quality control methods for medicinal plant materials.@Geneva.@No$Brandao M., Cosenza G.P., Pereira F.L., Vasconcelos A.S. and Fagg C.W. (2013).@Changes in the trade in native medicinal plants in Brazilian public markets.@Environ Monit Assess, 185(8), 7013-7023.@Yes$Sucher N.J. and Carles M.C. (2008).@Genome-based approaches to the authentication of medicinal plants.@Planta Med, 74(6), 603-623.@Yes$Palhares R.M., Drummond M.G., Brasil B.S., Krettli A.U., Oliveira G.C. and Brandao M.G. (2014).@The use of an integrated molecular-, chemical- and biological-based approach for promoting the better use and conservation of medicinal species: a case study of Brazilian quinas.@J Ethnopharmacol, 155(1), 815-822.@Yes$Zuccolotto T., Apel M. and Rates S. (1999).@Avaliacao da qualidade de produtos fitoterapicos comercializados em Porto Alegre- RS.@Rev Inst Adolfo Lutz, 58(2), 25-31.@Yes$Kress W.J., Wurdack K.J., Zimmer E.A., Weight L.A. and Janzen D.H. (2005).@Use of DNA barcodes to identify flowering plants.@PNAS, 102(23), 8369-8374.@Yes$Kress W.J., Garcia-Robledo C., Uriarte M. and Erickson D.L. (2014).@DNA barcodes for ecology, evolution, and Conservation.@Trends Ecol. Evolut., 30(1), 25-35.@Yes
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Mode of action of Azadirachtin: A natural insecticide<#LINE#>Gulshan @Dhra,Mobin @Ahmad,Jitendra @Kumar,P.K. @Patanjali <#LINE#>41-46<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJBS-2018-057.pdf<#LINE#>Institute of Pesticide Formulation Technology (IPFT), Sec-20, Udyog Vihar, Gurugram-122016, Haryana, India@Institute of Pesticide Formulation Technology (IPFT), Sec-20, Udyog Vihar, Gurugram-122016, Haryana, India@Institute of Pesticide Formulation Technology (IPFT), Sec-20, Udyog Vihar, Gurugram-122016, Haryana, India@Institute of Pesticide Formulation Technology (IPFT), Sec-20, Udyog Vihar, Gurugram-122016, Haryana, India<#LINE#>31/7/2018<#LINE#>3/12/2018<#LINE#>Azadirachta indica is an important tree of meliaceae family and grow in tropical and subtropical areas in Southeast Asia. It is used for shade, reforestation and for production of natural insecticides and being used as medicinally (formulations or crude extracts) as well for various diseases since long back 3-4 decades in India specifically, its extract contains various biologically active components commonly known as tritepenoid or limonoids like, azadirachtin, salanin, nimbin, meliacin, valassin and gedunin etc., from different parts of the tree but, azadirachtin is very crucial in  natural insecticidal/larvicidal activities (antifeedancy, growth regulator and reproduction effects) and many more like, antiallergenic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and many more. Insect growth regulator (IGR), antifeedancy and reproductive effects are well understood and published in earlier literature. Also antifeedant effects are not consistent among various species of the insects; on the other hand, insect growth regulator (IGR), moulting, growth and reproductive effects are well consistent with different species. But still a lot remains to be known about the mode of action at cellular/molecular level and structure-property relationship of azadirachtin molecule and need some modern techniques like computational studies of the interaction. The mode of action of azadirachtin primarily consist of effects on the chemoreceptors which leads to antifeedancy and effects on juvenile and ecdysteroid hormones e.g., PTTH and allatotropins. Apart from these there are effects which are overall growth and development of the insects. In this article we are presenting the behavioural/physiological effects of the azadirachtin. These include other effects also like, neem resistance, growth reduction, and moulting deviations, enhanced mortality and categorically have direct effects on tissues and cell and indirect effects including endocrine system. 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