International Science Community Association International Research Journal of Biological Sciences 2278 - 3202 6 4 2017 04 10 Nosocomial Klebsiella infection and its virulence factor associated with drug resistance 48 54 EN M. Sreenivas 1 Department of Zoology, Kakatiya University, Warangal-506009, Telangana, India G. Shamitha 2 Department of Zoology, Kakatiya University, Warangal-506009, Telangana, India Nwanyanwu C.E. 1 Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Nigeria Adieze I.E. 2 Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Nigeria Nweke C.O. 3 Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Nigeria Nzeh B.C. 4 Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Nigeria B. Sasirekha 1 Department of Microbiology, Acharya Bangalore B School, Off Magadi road, Bangalore, Karnataka, India B.J. Vishal 2 Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Bangalore B School, Off Magadi road, Bangalore, Kaarnataka, India S. Umasuthan 1 Department of Bio-Science, Faculty of Applied Science,Vavuniya Campus of the University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka A.E.S. Patrick 2 Department of Bio-Science, Faculty of Applied Science,Vavuniya Campus of the University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka G. Naveendrakumar 3 Department of Bio-Science, Faculty of Applied Science,Vavuniya Campus of the University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka S. Kuganathan 4 Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Science, University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka Kumar Arvind 1 Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur-495009, India and Department of Biochemistry, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur-222003, India Kumar Akshay 2 Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur-495009, India Saxena Varsha 1 Department of Microbiology, Yenepoya Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India Pai Vidya 2 Department of Microbiology, Yenepoya Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India Devrari Jitendra Chandra 1 Department of Microbiology, Yenepoya Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India Pai Vidya 2 Department of Microbiology, Yenepoya Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India > Review Paper 2017 2 21 2017 04 10 Klebsiella species are gram negative bacilli; non-motile bacteria belong to the Enterobacteriaceae family. They are opportunistic pathogens responsible for diseases like urinary tract infection, pneumonia, septicemia, meningitis and soft tissue infections. Chromosomal mutation in the DNA gyrase and DNA topoisomerase IV leads to the plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) in Klebsiella spp. The Klebsiella spp. primarily isolated from different clinical samples by the conventional methods. Isolates are further identified by standard biochemical methods and susceptibility testing of PMQR along with MIC is determined by the CLSI guidelines. Phenotypically type 1 and 3 fimbriae can be determined by the hemagglutination assays. Genotypic methods have been proved to be a great tool for detection of virulence and drug resistance genes associated with the Klebsiella infection. This studyalso focus on the virulence factors and most common drug resistant mechanism for quinolone group of antibiotics used in treatment of Klebsiella infection. Copyright@ International Science Community Association