International Science Community Association International Research Journal of Biological Sciences 2278 - 3202 6 4 2017 04 10 Human papillomavirus and its oncogenic role in cervical cancers in sexually active women 40 47 EN M. Sreenivas 1 Department of Zoology, Kakatiya University, Warangal-506009, Telangana, India G. Shamitha 2 Department of Zoology, Kakatiya University, Warangal-506009, Telangana, India Nwanyanwu C.E. 1 Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Nigeria Adieze I.E. 2 Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Nigeria Nweke C.O. 3 Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Nigeria Nzeh B.C. 4 Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Nigeria B. Sasirekha 1 Department of Microbiology, Acharya Bangalore B School, Off Magadi road, Bangalore, Karnataka, India B.J. Vishal 2 Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Bangalore B School, Off Magadi road, Bangalore, Kaarnataka, India S. Umasuthan 1 Department of Bio-Science, Faculty of Applied Science,Vavuniya Campus of the University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka A.E.S. Patrick 2 Department of Bio-Science, Faculty of Applied Science,Vavuniya Campus of the University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka G. Naveendrakumar 3 Department of Bio-Science, Faculty of Applied Science,Vavuniya Campus of the University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka S. Kuganathan 4 Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Science, University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka Kumar Arvind 1 Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur-495009, India and Department of Biochemistry, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur-222003, India Kumar Akshay 2 Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur-495009, India Saxena Varsha 1 Department of Microbiology, Yenepoya Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India Pai Vidya 2 Department of Microbiology, Yenepoya Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India > Review Paper 2017 2 21 2017 04 10 Human Papillomavirsus (HPV) are ubiquitous in nature. At present, approximately 120 distinct genotypes have been identified in humans. HPV infections cause a variety of benign proliferations: warts (genital and cutaneous), cervical intraepithelial neoplasias, anogenital papillomas, oro-pharyngeal papillomas, and other types of hyperkeratoses. Cervical cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. Infection with high-risk HPV is established as the cause of cervical carcinoma; therefore, high risk HPV detection may have prognostic significance for the women who are at increased risk of disease progression. The lack of data on the incidence of cervical cancer and the prevalent strains in India makes it difficult to determine disease burden. Identification and accurate genotyping of the virus in cervical specimens is important to inform intervention policies for future management of HPV associated disease. This study also focuses on the various risk factors associated with persistence of HPV infection leading to cervical cancer. Describing the frequency and nature of HPV persistence, by HPV type, is important to understand its clinical signi& Copyright@ International Science Community Association