International Science Community Association International Research Journal of Biological Sciences 2278 - 3202 5 8 2016 08 10 Fundamental Idea of Evolutionary Relationships among Cyanobacteria using 16s RRNA and RBCL Gene Sequences 7 16 EN E. A. Ekundayo 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria T. A. Ogunnusi 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria O. O. Ogunmefun 3 Department of Biological Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti,Nigeria M. O. Alegbe 4 Department of Biological Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria A. O. Oso 5 Department of Chemical Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria Abhijeet Mahana 1 Department of Botany, Mizoram University, Aizawl-796004, Mizoram, India > Research Paper 2016 6 5 2016 08 10 Cyanobacteria are aquatic and autotrophic organisms. They are found all over the world, generally in terrestrial, freshwater and marine habitats. But the blooms are found in fresh water. 16S rRNA is used for identification of diversity of prokaryotic organisms as well as other organisms. So it helps in the study of phylogeny among them. Here we have collected 16S gene sequences of 122 cyanobacterial species determine the phylogeny among them. rbcL (Ribulose-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) is also a gene which is widely sequenced from numerous plant taxa and the resulting database is aided in plant physiology. So we have collected rbcL gene sequences of 46 cyanobacterial species and determine the evolutionary relationship among them. The evolutionary relationships between all organisms are called phylogeny and are represented by phylogenetic tree. Phylogenetic tree not only give the relationship among the species but also gives the proper position of the species in cyanobacterial classification. Copyright@ International Science Community Association