@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Effect of Quantitative Feed Restriction on Carcass Characteristics and Some Blood Parameters in Broiler Chickens<#LINE#>Seyyed Naeim@SABER <#LINE#>1-6<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJBS-2016-022.pdf<#LINE#>Cukurova University, Department of Animal Science, Adana, Turkey<#LINE#>13/2/2016<#LINE#>22/9/2016<#LINE#>This experiment was conducted to examine the effect of feed restriction on the carcass characteristics of broiler chicks. In this study 420 day-old male broiler chickens (Cobb-500) were randomly divided into 7 treatments (A, B, C, D, E, F, G) each in 4 replicates of 15 birds per pen. Group A was fed ad libitum throughout the experiment and other six groups were fed restricted as B( 8h/day in 7-14 days of age), C(16h/day in 7-14 days of age), D (8h/day in 14-21 days of age), E (16h/ day in 14-21 days of age), F (8h/ day in 21-28 days of age) and G (16h/ day in 21-28 days of age). At the end of the experiment two chickens from each pen were randomly selected and slaughtered to determine carcass and some blood parameters and then data were analyzed. Results revealed that there was no significantly difference in live weight, carcass weight, breast weight, thighs weight, heart weight, abdominal fat weight, liver weight and gizzard weight (p>0.05). There were significantly differences (p<0.05) in breast crude fat and breast dry matter parameters. The date obtained showed there were not differences in hematocrit, hemoglobin and RV/TV but there is significantly difference in Ascites mortality parameter (p<0.05).<#LINE#>Julian R.J. (1993).@Ascites in poultry.@Avian Pathol., 22, 419-454.@Yes$Saleh E.A., Watkins S.E., Waldroup A.L. and Waldroup P.W (2004).@Comparison of Energy Feeding Programs and Early Feed Restriction on Live Performance and Carcass Quality of Large Male Broilers Grown for Further Processing at 9 to 12 Weeks of Age.@Int. J. Poult. Sci., 3, 61-69.@Yes$Oyawoye E.O. and Krueger W.F. (1990).@Potential of chemical regulation of food intake and body weight of broiler breeder chicks.@Br. Poult. Sci., 31, 735-742.@Yes$Plavnik I. and Hurwitz S. (1991).@Response of broiler chickens and turkey poults to food restriction of varied severity during early life.@Br. Poult. Sci., 32, 343-352.@Yes$Currie R.J.W. (1999).@Ascites in poultry: Recent investigations.@Avian Pathol., 28, 313-326.@Yes$Wideman R.F., Kirby Y.K. and Owen R.L. and French H. (1997).@Chronic unilateral occlusion of an extra pulmonary primary bronchus induces pulmonary hypertension syndrome (ascites) in male and female broilers.@Poult. Sci., 76, 400-404.@Yes$Wideman R.F. (2000).@Cardio-pulmonary hemodynamics and ascites in broiler chickens.@Avian Poult. Biol. Rev., 11, 21-43.@Yes$Khajali F., Zamani-Moghaddam A. and Asadi-Khoshoei E. (2007).@Application of an early skip-a-day feed restriction on physiological parameters, carcass traits and development of ascites in male broilers reared under regular or cold temperatures at high altitude.@Arum. Sci. J., 78, 159-163.@Yes$Camacho-Fernandez D., Lopez C., Avila E. and Arce J. (2002).@Evaluation of different dietary treatments to reduce a scites syndrome and their effects on corporal characteristics in broiler chickens.@J. Applied Poult. Res., 11, 164-174.@Yes$Leeson S., Summers J.D. and Caston L.J. (1992).@Response of broilers to feed restriction or diet dilution in the finisher period.@Poult.Sci., 71, 2056-2064.@Yes$Lee K.H. and Leeson S. (2001).@Performance of broilers fed limited quantities of feed or nutrients during 7-14 days of age.@Poult.Sci, 80, 446-454.@Yes$Saleh E.A., Watkins S.E., Waldroup A.L. and Waldroup P.W. (2005).@Effect of early quantitative feed restriction on live performance and carcass composition of male broilers grown for further processing.@J. Applied Poult. Res., 14, 87-93.@Yes$Ozkan S., Plavnik I. and Yahav S. (2006).@Effect of early feed restriction on performance and ascites development in broiler chickens subsequently raised at low ambient temperature.@J. Appl. Poult. Res., 15, 9-19.@Yes$Susbilla J.P., Tarvid I., Gow C.B. and Frankel T.L. (2003).@Quantitative feed restriction or meal-feeding of broiler chickens alters functional development of enzymes for protein digestion.@Br. Poult. Sci., 44, 698-709.@Yes$Jones G.P.D. and Farrell D.J. (1992).@Early-life food restriction of broiler chickens. I. Methods of application, amino acid supplementation and the age at which restriction should commence.@Br. Poult. Sci., 33, 579-587.@Yes$Leeson S., Summers J.D. and Caston L.J. (1991).@Diet dilution and compensatory growth in broilers.@Poult. Sci. 70, 867-873.@Yes$Mench J.A. (2002).@Broiler breeders: Feed restriction and welfare.@Worlds. Poult. Sci. J., 58, 20-29.@Yes$Auckland J.N. and Morris T.R. (1971).@Compensatory growth in turkeys: Effect of under nutrition on subsequent protein requirements.@Br. Poult. Sci., 12, 41-48.@Yes$Wilson P. N. and Osbourn D.F. (1960).@Compensatory growth after under nutrition in mammals and birds.@Biol. Rev., 35, 324-363.@Yes$Urdaneta-Rincon M. and Leeson S. (2002).@Quantitative and qualitative feed restriction on growth characteristics of male broiler chickens.@Poult. Sci., 81, 679-688.@Yes$Plavnik I. and Hurwitz S. (1988).@Early feed restriction in chicks: Effects of age, duration, and sex.@Poult. Sci., 67, 384-390.@Yes$Rincon M.U. and Leeson S. (2002).@Quantitative and qualitative feed restriction on growth characteristics of male broiler chickens.@Poult. Sci., 81, 679-688.@Yes$Simon P.J., Zybko A., Guillaume J. and Blum. J.C. (1978).@An attempt to decrease the fat deposition in the carcass of broilers by mild feed restriction between 6 and 8 weeks of age.@Arch. Geflugelkd, 42, 6-9.@Yes$Shariatmadari F. and Moghadamian A.A. (2007).@Effect of early feed restriction in combination with intermittent lighting during the natural scotoperiod on performance of broiler chicken.@J. Sci. & Technol. Agric. & Nature. Resour., 11(40).@Yes$NRC. (1994).@Nutrient requirements of poultry.@9th rev. Edn. National Academy Press, Washington Dc. http://www.nap.edu/catalog/2114.hyml.@Yes$SAS. (2005).@SAS softwer user@Ver. 9.1 ed. Inc., Cary, NC. USA.@Yes$Saffar A. and Khajali F. (2010).@Application of Meal Feeding and Skip-A-Day Feeding With or Without Probiotics for Broiler Chickens Grown at High-Altitude to Prevent Ascites Mortality.@Ani and vet Sci., 5(1), 13-19.@Yes$Mahmood S., Mehmood S., Ahmad F., Masood A. and Kausar R. (2007).@Effect of feed restriction during starter phase on subsequent growth performance, dressing percrntage, relative organ weights and immune response of broilers.@J. Pakistan veterinary., 27(3), 137-141.@Yes$Palo P.E., Sell G.L., Piqure F.G. and Soto-salanova M.F. (1995).@Effect of early nutrient restriction on broiler chicken.2-performance and digestive enzymes activities.@Poult. Sci., 74, 1470-1483.@Yes$Fanooci M. and Torki M. (2010).@Effects of Qualitative Dietary Restriction on Performance, Carcass Characteristics, White Blood Cell Count and Humoral Immune Response of Broiler Chicks.@Global veterinarian., 4(3), 277-282.@Yes$Petek M. (2000).@The Effects of Feed Removal during the Day on Some Production Traits and Blood Parameters of Broilers.@Turk Journal Vet. Ani Sci., 24, 447-452.@Yes$Santoso U., Tanak K. and Ohtani S. (1993).@Effect of early skip day on growth performance and body composition in broilers.@Asian Austr. Journal of Anim Science., 6, 451-461.@Yes$Arce J., Berger M. and Coello C.L. (1992).@Control of ascites syndrome by feed restriction techniques.@J. Appl. Poult. Res., 1, 1-5.@Yes$Hocking P.M., Hughes B.O. and Keer Keer S. (1997).@Comparison of food intake, rate of consumption, pecking activity and behavior in layer and broiler breeder males.@Br.Poult. Sci., 38, 237-240.@Yes$Cooper M.A., Balog J.M., Halterman K., Kidd B., Milliken L. and Anthony N.B. (1998).@Effect of feed restriction in broilers raised at simulated high altitude. 1. Ascites incidence and weight gain.@Poultry Sci. Ass., 77, 310.@Yes$Maxwell M.H., Robertson G.W., Spence S. and McCorquodale C.C. (1990).@Comparison of hematological values in restricted and ad libitum-fed domestic fowls: red blood cell characteristics.@British Poultry Science, 31, 407-413.@Yes$Junqueira O.M., Fonseca L.E.C., Araújo L.F., Duarte K.F. and Araújo C.S. (2003).@Feed restriction on performance and blood parameters of broilers fed diets with different sodium levels.@Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic., 5, 2.@Yes$El–Moty A.K.I. and El–Moty A.K.I.A. (1991).@Effect of reducing eating time on growth performance, reproduction performance and some blood constituents of rabbits.@Egyptian J. Rabbit Sci., 1, 87-97.@Yes$Ebeid T., T&#367;mová E. and Volek Z. (2012).@Effects of a one week intensive feed restriction in the growing rabbit: Part 1 - Performance and blood biochemical parameters.@Proceedings 10 th World Rabbit Congress – September 3 - 6, Sharm El- Sheikh –Egypt, 607-611.@Yes$Boostani A., Ashayerizadeh A., Mahmoodian Fard H.R., Kamalzadeh. A. (2010).@Comparison of  the Effects of Several Feed Restriction Periods to Control Ascites on Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Hematological Indices of Broiler Chickens.@Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science., 12(3), 171-177@Yes
<#LINE#>Changes in Biochemical Constituents and Photosynthetic Pigments in Spiralling Whitefly (Aleurodicus dispersus) Infested Mulberry Foliage<#LINE#>Mahadeva@A. <#LINE#>7-11<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJBS-2016-102.pdf<#LINE#>Residential Coaching Academy, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Rae Barely Road, Lucknow – 226 025, India<#LINE#>4/7/2016<#LINE#>14/9/2016<#LINE#>Variation in the photosynthetic pigments and biochemical constituents in mulberry foliage (6 varieties viz., M5, MR2, Mysore local, S36, S54 and V1) were studied due to spiralling whitefly (Aleurodicus dispersus Russell) infestation. The biochemical constituents (amino acids, soluble proteins, reducing sugars, soluble sugars, starch and phenols) were altered in the spiralling whitefly infested mulberry leaves. Changes were also observed in the photosynthetic pigments (total chlorophyll, chlorophyll – a, chlorophyll – b, chlorophyll – a/b ratio and carotenoids). The pest infestational changes in these components lead to inferior nutritive values in mulberry foliage. The growth and development of the silkworms (Bombyx mori L) will be affect adversely and leads to the inferior quality and quantity of the silk.<#LINE#>Geetha B., Loganathan M. and Swamiappan M. (1998).@Record of spiralling whitefly Aleurodicus dispersus Russell in Tamil Nadu.@Insect Environment., 4, 55.@Yes$Kumashiro B.R., Lai P.Y., Funasaki G.Y. and Teranotot K.K. (1983).@Efficacy of Naphaspis amnocola and Encarsia haitiensis in controlling Aleurodicus dispersus in Hawaii.@Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society., 24, 261-269.@Yes$Qadri S.M.H., Sakthivel N. and Punithavathy G. (2010).@Estimation of mulberry crop loss due to spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus Russell (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) and its impact on silk worm productivity.@Indian Journal of Sericulture.,  49(2), 106-109.@Yes$Arnon D.J. (1949).@Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris.@Plant Physiol., 4, 1-15.@Yes$Moore S. and Stein W.H. (1948).@Photometric nin-hydrin method for use in the ehromatography of amino acids..@J. Biol. Chem., 176, 367-388.@Yes$Lowry O.H., Rosebrough N.J., Fan A.L. and Randall R.J. (1951).@Protein measurement with Folin-phenol reagent.@J. Boil. Chem., 193, 265-275.@Yes$Miller G.L. (1972).@Use of dinitro-salicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugars.@Anal. Chem., 31, 426-428.@Yes$Yemm E.W. and Willis A.J. (1954).@The estimation of carbohydrates in plant extracts by anthrone.@Biochemical J., 57, 508-514.@Yes$Bray H.G. and Thorpe W.V. (1954).@Analysis of phenolic compounds of interest in metabolism.@Meth. Biochem. Anal., 1, 27-52.@Yes$Bajpeyi C.M., Singh R.N. and Thangavelu K. (1991).@Supplementary nutrients to increase silk production.@Indian Silk., 30(7), 41-42.@Yes$JOC Volunteers (1975).@Textbook of Tropical Sericulture.@Japan Overseas Co-operation Volunteers, Tokyo, 154-166.@Yes$Asia Mariam A.N., Chandramohan and Doureswamy S. (1999).@Studies on the biochemical changes in the mulberry leaves damaged by spiralling whitefly Aleurodicus dispersus Russell (Aleyrodidae; Homoptera).@National Seminar on “Tropical Sericulture”, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore–560065, 28th-30th Dec 128.@No$Shree M.P. and Umesh Kumar N.N. (1989).@Biochemical changes in tukra affected exotic mulberry plant.@Curr. Sci., 58(22), 1251-1253.@Yes$Sengupta K., Kumar P., Baig M. and Govindaiah M. (1990).@Handbook of Pest and Disease Control of Mulberry and Silkworms.@Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific., Thailand., 88.@Yes$Satya Prasad K.S., Sreedhar N.R., Singhvi J., Kodandaramaiah and Sen A.K. (2002).@Post - thrips infestation biochemical changes in leaves of mulberry (Morus spp.).@Plant Archives., 2(1), 85-88.@Yes$Dorcus D. and Vivekanandan M. (1997).@Exploitation of mulberry genotypes for drought tolerance potential.@J. Seric. Sci. Jpn., 66(2), 71-80.@Yes$Narayanaswamy K.C., Ramegowda T., Raghuraman R. and Manjunath M.S. (1999).@Biochemical changes in spiralling whitefly (Aleurodicus dispersus Russell) infested mulberry leaf and their influence on some economic parameters of silkworm (Bombyx mori L.).@Entomon., 24(3), 215-220.@Yes$Purushothaman D. (1975).@Changes in phenolic compounds in rice varieties as influenced by Xanthomonas oryzae infection.@Riso., 25, 55-89.@Yes$Shree M.P. and Mahadeva A. (2005).@Impact of jassids (Empoasca flavescens F.) infestation on the biochemical constituents and photosynthetic pigments of mulberry (Morus sp.) foliage.@Insect Environment., 11(2), 91-92.@Yes$Narayanaswamy K.C. (2003).@Biochemical composition of leaf roller infested mulberry leaf.@Insect Environment., 8(4), 166-167.@Yes$Mahadeva A. and Nagaveni V. (2011).@Alterations in the biochemical components and photosynthetic pigments of mulberry (Morus Spp.) attacked by leaf – roller (Diaphania pulverulentalis) pest.@African Journal of Biochemistry Research., 5(14), 365-372.@Yes$Veeranna G. (1997).@Biochemical changes in tukra leaves of mulberry and its effects on economic characters of mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori L.@Entomon., 22(2), 129-133.@Yes$Kumar Ravi K (1997).@Biochemical changes in the leaves of snail infested mulberry plants and their effect on the growth and development of silkworms and cocoon characters.@M.Phil., (Seric.,) Thesis, Bangalore University, Bangalore-560056.@Yes$N.N. Umesh Kumar, Shree M.P., Muthegowda and Boraiah G. (1990).@Changes in proteins, sugars, phenols and total chlorophyll content of mulberry plants affected by “Tukra”.@Indian J. Seric., 29(1), 93-100.@Yes$Heldt H.W. (1997).@The use of energy from sunlight by photosynthesis.@Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oxford University Press., New York., 39-59.@Yes$infested with Russian wheat aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae).@J. Econ. Entomol., 89, 1332-1337.@undefined@Yes$Pradeep Kumar R., Kishore M.K.R., Noamani and Sengupta K. (1992).@Effect of feeding Tukra affected mulberry leaves on silkworm rearing performance.@Indian J. Seric., 31(1), 27-29.@Yes$Aftab Ahamed C.A., Narayanaswamy K.C., Ramegowda T., Chandrakala M.V. and Maribashetty V.G. (1999).@Impact of feeding spiralling whitefly affected mulberry leaf on nutritional parameters and cocoon conversion efficiency in the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. during fifth instar.@Mysore J. Agric. Sci., 33, 355-360.@No$Mahadeva A. and Shree M.P. (2005).@Effect of feeding spiralling whitefly (Aleurodicus dispersus Russell) infested mulberry leaves on the nutritional efficiency and economic parameters of silkworm (Bombyx mori L.).@Geobios., 32(4), 241-244.@Yes
<#LINE#>First Inventory of Non-Biting and Bitting Muscids of North Cameroon<#LINE#>Sevidzem@S.L.,Mamoudou@A.,Acapovi-Yao@G.L.,Achiri@M.,Tchuinkam@T.,Zinga@K.C.R.,Mavoungou@J.F. <#LINE#>12-20<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJBS-2016-105.pdf<#LINE#>Vector-Borne Infectious Disease Unit, Laboratory of Applied Biology and Ecology (VBID-LABEA),  Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 067, Dschang, Cameroon@University of Ngaoundéré, School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, Department of Parasitology and Parasitological Diseases, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon@Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, UFR Biosciences 22, BP 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d’Ivoire@Mission Spéciale d\'Eradication des Glossines, Nord et L’Extreme Nord, Cameroun@Vector-Borne Infectious Disease Unit, Laboratory of Applied Biology and Ecology (VBID-LABEA),  Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 067, Dschang, Cameroon@Laboratoire d’Ecologie Vectorielle (LEV), Département de Biologie et Ecologie Animale Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale (IRET), BP: 13354, Libreville, Gabon@Laboratoire d’Ecologie Vectorielle (LEV), Département de Biologie et Ecologie Animale Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale (IRET), BP: 13354, Libreville, Gabon and Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku, BP : 941 Franceville, Gabon<#LINE#>7/7/2016<#LINE#>26/9/2016<#LINE#>Information about species-types, abundance, distribution and diversity of muscids in the Sora Mboum area of North Cameroon is lacking. This present survey seeks to determine species-types, abundance, distribution and diversity of biting and non-biting muscids in 03 ecological zones (Rao, Mbele (Vina) and Syrien Campsite) in this area in order to fill this gap. A line transect survey using unbaited Vavoua (N=15) and Biconical (N=15) traps, displayed in a 10x3 (i.e. 10 traps per each of the 3 sites) with 5:5 ratio of both traps in each plot. Traps were emptied every evening (5:30pm). Overall flies catch was 1609 and 1501 muscids were captured, identified and classified into the following taxonomic taxa i.e. two genera: Musca (non-biting) 783 (52.17%) and Stomoxys (biting) 718 (47.83%). At the species level, Musca domestica Linnaeaus 1758; 783 (52.17%) was the only Musca species identified and 04 Stomoxys species were identified in different proportions-Stomoxys calcitrans Linnaeaus, 1758; 372 (24.78%), S. niger niger Macquart, 1851; 193 (12.86%), S. niger bilineatus Grünberg, 1906; 109 (7.26%) and S. sitiens Rondani, 1873; 44(2.93%) Musca domestica was highly distributed, followed by S. calcitrans and lastly by S. sitiens. Glossines (108) were also captured and identified into- Glossina tachinoides 87(80.56%) and Glossina morsitans submorsitans 21 (19.44%). Fly species were highly diversified and frequent in Mbele (Vina), followed by Syrien Campsite and rare in Rao. Vavoua was the trap of choice for the capture of most species than Biconical.Musca and Stomoxys caused the highest annoyance around farms in Sora Mboum of North Cameroon and their control efforts will reduce this direct effect and indirectly lead to the complete management of the diseases they transmit.<#LINE#>Desquesnes M., Dia M.L., Acapovi G.L. and Yoni W. (2005).@Mechanical vectors of animal trypanosomosis.@Edition Cirdes, 67.@No$Gilles J. (2005).@Dynamics and population geneticsof insect vectors.  Stomoxes, Stomoxys calcitrans and Stomoxys nigerniger in the réunionnais cattle breeding.@unpublished Doctoral dissertation, Réunion University.@No$Zumpt F. (1973).@The Stomoxyinae biting flies of the world. Taxonomy, biology, economic Importance and control measures.@Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, 175.@Yes$Masmeatathip R., Gilles J., Ketavan C. and Duvallet G. (2006).@First survey of seasonal abundance and daily activity of Stomoxys spp. (Diptera: Muscidae) in Kamphaengsaen campus, Nakornpathom Province Thailand.@Parasite, 13, 245–250.@Yes$Hewitt C.G. (1914).@The house fly.@Manchester University Press, 195.@Yes$Leclercq M. (1971).@Nuisible flies of domestic animals.@Agronomic press of Gembloux.@No$Campbell J.B., Berry I.L., Boxler D.J., Davis R.L., Clanton D.C. and DEUTSCHER G.H. (1987).@Effects of stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae) on weight gain and feed efficiency of feedlot cattle.@J. Econs. Entomol., 80,117-119.@Yes$D’Amico F., Gouteux J.P., Le Gall F. and Cuisance D. (1996).@Are stable fly (Diptera: Stomoxyinae) vectors of Trypanosoma vivax in the Central African Republic.@Vet. Res., 27, 161-170.@Yes$Kunz S.E. and Monty J. 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(2011).@Phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear data in haematophagous &#64258;ies support the paraphyly of the genus Stomoxys (Diptera: Muscidae).@Infect. Genet. Evolut., 11 663-670.@Yes$Ramsamy M.  (1979).@Studies on the large-scale rearing of the stable fly, Stomoxys nigra Macquart (Diptera: Muscidae).@Bull.  Entomol. Res., 69, 477-489.@Yes$Charlwood J.D. and Sama S. (1996).@The age structure, biting cycle and dispersal of Stomoxys niger Macquart (Diptera: Muscidae) from Ifakara, Tanzania.@Afr. Entomol., 4(2), 274-277.@Yes$Garros C., Gilles J. and Duvallet G. (2004).@Un nouveau caractère morphologique pour distinguer Stomoxys calcitrans et S. niger (Diptera: Muscidae). Comparaison de populations de l’île de la Réunion.@Parasite, 11, 329-332.@Yes$Gilles J., David J.F. and Duvallet G. (2005).@Temperature effects on the development and survival of two stable flies from Stomoxys calcitrans and Stomoxys nigerniger (Diptera: Muscidae) in La Réunion island.@J. Med. Entomol., 42 (3), 260-265.@Yes$Gilles J., David J.F. and Duvallet G. (2005).@Effects of temperature on the rate of increase of two stable flies from La Réunion Island, Stomoxys calcitrans and Stomoxys nigerniger (Diptera: Muscidae).@J. Med. Entomol., 42(6), 959-965.@Yes$Mavoungou J.F. (2007).@cology and vectorial role of stomoxes (Diptera: Muscidae) in Gabon (unpublished doctoral dissertation), University of Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3, France.@@No$Zinga-Koumba C.R., Mbang-Nguema  O.A., Kohagne T.L., Acapovi-Yao G.L., Obame O.K.P, Mutambwe S and Mavoungou J.F.  (2014).@Contribution to the evaluation of the diversityof biological vectors of Human African Trypanosomosis and their duirnal activity in the Ivindo National Park (North-east Gabon).@J. Appl. Biosci, 80, 7060-7070.@No$Ahmed A.B, Okiwelu S.N and Samdi S.M. (2005).@Species Diversity, Abundance and Seasonal Occurrence of Some Biting Flies in Southern Kaduna@Nigeria. Afr. J. Biomed. Res., 8 (2), 113-118.@Yes$Sieumeni D.A. (2014).@Species composition and population dynamics of African Animal Trypanosomosis vectors in Dodeo (Adamaoua-Cameroon).@4th Life Science conference. University of Dschang, Cameroon. 7th Aug. pp 1-19.@No$Sevidzem S.L., Mamoudou A., Woudamyata A.F and Zoli, P.A. (2015).@Contribution to the knowledge of ecodiversity and density of tsetse (Glossinidae) and other biting flies (Tabanidae and Stomoxyinae) in the fly controlled-infested livestock/wild life interface of the Adamawa plateau-Cameroon.@J. Entomol. Zoo. Stud., 3, 329-333.@Yes$Zinga K.C.R, Mbang N.O, Midoko I.D, Mounioko F., Mutambwe S., Mavoungou J.F, M’batchi B. (2016).@Repartition of Glossines in the Province of Ogooue Ivindo, an ancient focus of Human Animal Trypanosomosis.@Euro. Sci. J., 12(12), 281-297.@No$Newson H.D. (1977).@Arthropod problems in recreation areas.@Annual Review of Entomology, 22, 333-353.@Yes$King W.V. and Lenert L .G. (1936).@Outbreaks of Stomoxys calcitrans L. (@Florida Entomol., 19, 33-39.@Yes$Mamoudou A., Alexandre N., Aliyou H., Pierre F.S., Mbunkah D.A. (2016).@Animal trypanosomosis in clinically healthy cattle of north Cameroon: epidemiological implications.@Parasite and Vectors, 9,206.@Yes$Muhammad J.A and Ludek Z. (2004).@Association of Escherichia coli O157:H7 with houseflies on a cattle farm.@Appl.  Environ. Microbiol., 70(12), 7578-7580.@No$Henning J., Schnitzler F.R, Pfeiffer D.U. and Davies P. (2005).@Influence of weather conditions on fly abundance and its implications for transmission of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus in the North Island of New Zealand.@Med. Vet. Entomol.,19, 251-262.@No$Seidenfaden R., Fischer A., Bonow I., Ekale D., Tanya V., Renz A. (2001).@Combined benefits of annual mass treatment with ivermectin and cattle zooprophylaxis on the severity of human onchocerciasis in northern Cameroon.@Trop. Med. Int. Hlth., 6(9), 715-725.@Yes$Mihok S., Kang’ethe E.K. and Kamau G.K. (1995).@Trials of traps and attractants for Stomoxys (Diptera: Muscidae).@J.  Med.  Entomol., 32, 283-289.@Yes$Dia   M.L.,    Desquesnes M.,    Elsen   P.,    Lancelot   R.  and Capovi G. (2004).@Evaluation of new trap for tabanids and stomoxyines.@Koninklijke Belgische  Verenigingvoor Entomologie, 140, 64-73.@Yes$Mihok S., (2002).@The development of a multipurpose trap (Nzi) for tsetse and other biting flies.@Bull. Entomol. Res., 92, 385-403.@Yes$Leak S.G.A and Mulatu W. (1993).@Advanced of Glossina morsitans submorsitans and G. pallidipes along the Gibe river system South West Ethiopia.@Acta Tropica, 55, 91 – 95.@Yes$Langridge W.P. (1976).@A tsetse and trypanosomosis survey of Ethiopia.@Ministry of Overseas Development, Ethiopia.@Yes$Jongman R.H.G., Braak C.J.F. and Van Tongeren O.F.R. (1987).@Data Analysis in Community and Landscape Ecology.@Pudoc, Wageningen.@Yes$Légendre, L., Légendre, P. (1998).@NumericalEcology.@Multiple treatment of ecological data. Paris, France, Masson, pp 197.@Yes$Gilles J., David J.F., Duvallet G., De la rocque S. and Tillard E. (2007).@Efficiency of traps for Stomoxys calcitrans and Stomoxys niger on Reunion Island.@Med.  Vet. Entomol., 21, 65–69.@Yes$Kangwagye T.N. (1974).@The seasonal incidence of biting &#64258;ies (Diptera) in Ruwenzori National Park and Kigezi Game Reserve, Uganda.@Bull. Entomol. Res., 63, 535–549.@Yes$Njila H.L, David S. and Ombugadu A. (2015).@Prevalence of Biting and Non-Biting Flies in Relation to Species in the Jos Museum Zoological Garden, North Central Nigeria.@Bayero J. Pure  Appl. Sci., 8(1), 149–152.@Yes$Roungthip M., Chitapa K. and Gérard D. (2006).@Morphological Studies of Stomoxys spp. (Diptera: Muscidae) in Central Thailand.@Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.), 40, 872-881.@Yes$Howard L.O. (1900).@Contribution  to  the  study of  the insect fauna  of  human  excrement  with  special reference  to  the  spread of  typhoid fever.@Proc.  Wash.  Acad. Sci., 2, 541-604.@Yes$Townsend D.H.T. (1935).@Manual of Myiology.@Itaquaque-cetuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Pp 289.@Yes
<#LINE#>Isolation and Identification of &#945;- Amylase activity Inhibiting compounds from Bryophyllum Pinnatum<#LINE#>Mukesh@Kumar,Manisha@Thapliyal,Ajeet@Singh <#LINE#>21-27<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJBS-2016-109.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biotechnology, G.B. Pant Engineering College, Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India@Department of Biotechnology, G.B. Pant Engineering College, Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India@Department of Biotechnology, G.B. Pant Engineering College, Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India<#LINE#>20/7/2016<#LINE#>15/9/2016<#LINE#>Bryophyllum pinnatum (B. Pinnatum) is an herb growing widely and utilized in folkloric medication in tropical Africa, tropical America, India, China, and Australia. Aqueous extract of B. pinnatum leaf was tested for alpha amylase inhibition properties which showed significant inhibitory activity against alpha amylase. B. pinnatum found to have maximum alpha amylase inhibitory activity at a concentration of 100µg/ml. A compound Digitoxin showed maximum binding energy with alpha amylase comparative to drug Metformin, Metformin at concentration 100 µg/ml showed 67.34±0.002% inhibitory effects on the alpha-amylase activity with an IC50 value 3.25µg/ml. The alpha-amylase inhibitory activity of 79.41±0.002% with an IC50 value 2.54µg/ml was shown by aqueous leaf extract of B. pinnatum at a concentration 100 µg/ml. The plant extract showed potential alpha-amylase inhibitory activity in a dose dependent manner.<#LINE#>Andrade-Cetto, A., Becerra-Jiménez, J. and Cárdenas-Vázquez, R. (2008).@Alfa-glucosidase-inhibiting activity of some Mexican plants used in the treatment of type2 diabetes.@J. Ethno., 116(1), 27-32.@Yes$Shilubane, N. H. (2010).@Factors contributing to poor glycaemic control in diabetic patients at Mopani District.@Curationis., 33(3) 43-47.@Yes$Heidari, R., Zareae, S. and Heidarizadeh, M. (2005).@Extraction, Purification, and Inhibitory Effect of Alpha-Amylase Inhibitor from Wheat (Triticum aestivum var.zarrin).@Pakistan Journal of Nutrition., 4, 101-105.@Yes$Subramanian, R., Asmawi, AZ. and Sadikun, A. (2008).@In vitro alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase enzyme inhibitory effects of Andrographis paniculata extract and andrographolide.@J Pol Biochem. Soc., 55(2), 391-398.@Yes$Choudhury, A. Maeda, K. Murayama, R. and DiMagno, E. P. (1996).@Character of a wheat amylase inhibitor preparation and effects on fasting human pancreatic obiliary secretions and hormones.@Gastroenterology., 111(5), 1313-1320.@Yes$Sama, Kavitha, Kamaraj Murugesan, and Rajeshwari Sivaraj. (2012).@Invitro alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibition activity of crude ethanol extract of Cissusarnottiana.@Asian J. Plant Sci. Res., 4, 550-553.@Yes$Boivin, M. Zinsmeister, AR. GO, VL. and DiMAGNO, EP. (1987).@Effect of a purified amylase inhibitor on carbohydrate metabolism after a mixed meal in healthy humans.@In Mayo Clinic Proceedings (Vol. 62, No. 4, pp. 249-255).@Yes$Mohammed, A. Adelaiye, AB. Bakari AG. and Mabrouk MA. (2009).@Anti-diabetic and some haematological effects of ethylacetate and n-butanol fractions of Ganoderma lucidum aqueous extract in alloxan-induced diabetic wistar rats.@Int. J. Med. and Med. Sci., 1(12):530-535.@Yes$Kumanan, R. Manimaran, S. Saleemulla, K. Dhanaba,l SP. and Nanjan, MJ. (2010).@Screening of bark of Cinnamomum tamala (Lauraceae) by using &#945;-amylase inhibition assay for anti-diabetic activity.@Int. J.  Pharm. Biomed. Res., 1(2), 69-72.@Yes$Nickavar, B. and Yousefian, N. (2009).@Inhibitory Effects of Six Allium Species on?-Amylase Enzyme Activity.@Iran J. Pharm. Res., 8(1), 53-57.@Yes$Tanko, Y. Eze, ED. Jimoh, A. Yusuf, K. Mohammed, KA. Balarabe, F. and Mohammed, A. (2012).@Haemostatic effect of aqueous extract of mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum).@Euro. J. Exp. Bio., 2 (6).@Yes$Platel, K. and K. Srinivasan. (1997).@Plant foods in the management of diabetes mellitus: vegetables as potential hypoglycemic agents.@Nahrung, 41, 68-74.@Yes$Jain Vineet, C. Patel Natvarlal, M. Shah Dhiren, P. Patel Paras, K. and Joshi Bhavesh, H. (2010).@Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Bryophyllum calycinum salisb leaf.@Pharmacologyonline, 1; 393-405.@Yes$Gupta R, Lohani M, Arora S. (2010).@Anti inflammatory activity of the leaf extracts/fractions of Bryophyllum pinnatum saliv.@SYN. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res., 3 (1), 16-8.@Yes$John Ojewole, AO. (2002).@Antihypertensive properties of Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken leaf extracts.@American J. Hypertension a, 15:34.@Yes$Ursula von Mandach, Nathalie Plangger, Lukas Rist, and Roland Zimmermann. (2006).@Intravenous tocolysis with Bryophyllum pinnatum is better tolerated than beta agonist application.@Euro. J.  Obstetrics &Gyn. and Rep. Bio., 124,168–172.@Yes$Lans CA, (2006).@Ethnomedicines used in Trinidad and Tobago for urinary problems and diabetes mellitus.@J. Ethno.and Ethnomedicine, 2, 45.@Yes$Ojewole, John AO. (2005).@Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects of Bryophyllumpinnatum (Crassulaceae) leaf aqueous extract.@J. Ethnopharmacology 99(1), 13-19.@Yes$Kavitha Sama, Kamaraj Murugesan, and Rajeshwari Sivaraj, (2012).@Invitro alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase inhibition activity of crude ethanol extract of Cissus arnottiana.@Asian J. of Plant Sci. and Res., 2(4), 550-553.@Yes$Moldovan, RI. Oprean, R. Benedec, D. Hanganu, D. Duma, M. Oniga, I. and Vlase, L. (2014).@LC-MS analysis, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities for five species of Mentha cultivated in Romania.@Digest J. Nano.and Bio., 9(2), 559-566.@Yes$Wu, G. Robertson, D. H. Brooks, C. L. and Vieth, M. (2003).@Detailed analysis of grid&#8208;based molecular docking: A case study of CDOCKER—ACHARMM&#8208;based MD docking algorithm.@J. comp. chem., 24(13), 1549-1562.@Yes$Ortiz-Andrade, RR. Garc&#305;a-Jimenez, S. Castillo-Espana P, Ram&#305;rez-Avila, G. Villalobos-Molina, R. and Estrada-Soto, S. (2007).@Alpha-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of methanolic extract from Tournefortiahartwegina: an Antihyperglycemic agent.@J Ethnopharmacol.109 (1).@Yes$Evans, WC. (1996),@Trease and Evans pharmacognosy.@14th edition W.B. Saunders Company limited, London Pp, 191-293.@Yes$Senthil Kumar, Palanisamy, and Sellappa Sudha. (2012).@Evaluation of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory properties of selected seaweeds from gulf of Mannar.@IRJP., 3(8), 128-130.@Yes
<#LINE#>Effect of Salt Stress on Na+ and K+ uptake at Seedling Stage in Sorghum Cultivars<#LINE#>Rekha Rani@Chauhan,Alka@Singh,Pramod Kumar@Singh <#LINE#>28-34<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJBS-2016-119.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Botany, KGK (PG) College, Moradabad-244001, Uttar Pradesh, India@Plant Physiology Lab., Department of Botany, Hindu College Moradabad-244001, Uttar Pradesh, India@Plant Physiology Lab., Department of Botany, Hindu College Moradabad-244001, Uttar Pradesh, India<#LINE#>31/8/2016<#LINE#>6/10/2016<#LINE#>The presence of salts in soil or in irrigation water adversely affects plant growth and soil properties. This study focuses on the inhibitory effect of salinity on uptake of two macro nutrients in shoot of sorghum. Four sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) cultivars viz. Pant Chari-1, Pant Chari-2, CSV-15 and HC-171 were studied in laboratory for sodium and potassium uptake under varying salt stresses. Seedlings were exposed to 0, 3, 6, 7.2, 10 and 12 EC and after ten days of starting the salt treatment, growth of shoot system and uptake of Na+ and K+ were determined. It was found that concentration of sodium ion increased while concentration of potassium ions decreased invariably from 3 to 12 EC salinities in all four genotypes. The tolerant genotype CSV-15 and HC-171 recorded minimum concentration of Na+ as compared to cultivar Pant Chari-1 and Pant Chari-2 at all level of salinity. Salinity stress negatively affected uptake of K+ in all cultivars of sorghum. Potassium ion content was highest in CSV-15 and lowest in sensitive genotype Pant Chari-2. Present study suggests that tolerance to salt stress in sorghum genotypes is related to maintain the concentrations of Na and K ions at varying salinity levels.<#LINE#>Igartua E., Gracia M.P. and Lasa J.M. (1994).@Characterization and genetic control of germination immeregence responses of grain sorghum to salinity.@Euphytica, 76, 185-193.@Yes$Eisa S.S. and Ali S.H. (2003).@Biochemical, physiological and morphological responses of sugarbeet to stalinization. Departments of Agricultural Botany and Biochemistry.@Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.@Yes$Francois L.E., Donovan T.J. and Maas E.V. (1984).@Salinity effects on seed yield, growth and germination of grain sorghum.@Agron. J., 76, 741 – 744.@Yes$Gossett D.R., Millhollon E.P. and Lucas M.C. (1994).@Antioxidant response to NaCl stress in salt-tolerance and salt-sensitive cultivars of cotton.@Crop Sci., 34, 706 -714.@Yes$Koca M., Bor M., Ozdemir F. and Turkan I. (2007).@The effect of salt stress on lipid peroxidation, antioxidative enzymes and proline content of sesame cultivars.@Environmental Experimental Botany, 60, 344-351.@Yes$Hasegawa P.M., Bressan R.A., Zhu J.K. and Bohnert H.J. (2000).@Plant cellular and molecular responses to high salinity.@Ann. Rev. Plant Physi., 51, 463-485.@Yes$Roy P., Niyogi K., Sen Gupta D.N. and Ghosh B. (2005).@Spermidine treatment to rice seedlings recovers salinity stress-induced damage of plasma membrane and PM-bound H+-ATpase in salt tolerant and salt sensitive rice cultivars.@Plant Sci., 168, 583-591.@Yes$Netondo G.W., Onyango J.C. and Beck E. (2004).@Sorghum and salinity: II. Gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence of sorghum under salt stress.@Crop Sci., 44, 806-811.@Yes$Lacerda De C.F., Cambraia J., Oliva cano M.A. and Ruiz H.A. (2001).@Plant growth and solute accumulation and distribution in two sorghum genotypes, under NaCl stress.@R. Bras. Fisiol. Veg., 13(3), 270-284.@Yes$Richards L.A. (1954).@Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkali Soils.@U. S. Salinity Laboratory Staff, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.,  vii -160.@Yes$Trolson J.E. (1969).@Outline for in vitro digestion of forage samples.@Research Station Shift Current, Saskatchewan, Canada.@Yes$Bruning J.L. and Kintz B.L. (1968).@Computational Handbook of Statistics.@Scott Foresman and Company, Oakland.@Yes$Chartzoulakis K., Loupassaki M., Bertaki M. and Androulakis I. (2002).@Effects of NaCl salinity on growth, ion content and CO2 assimilation rate of six olive cultivars.@Scientia Horticulturae, 96, 235-247.@Yes$Ashraf M., Aasiya K. and Khanum A. (1997).@Relationship between ion accumulation and growth in two spring wheat lines differing in salt tolerance at different growth stages.@Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 178, 39-51.@Yes$Sherif M.A., El-Beshbeshy T.R. and Richter C. (1998).@Response of some Egyptian varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to salt stress through potassium application.@Bulletin of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Cairo, 49, 129-151.@Yes$Gorham L. (1990).@Salt tolerance in the triticale: Ion discrimination in rye and triticale.@J. Exp. Botany., 4, 601-614.@Yes$Gama P.B.S., Inanaga S., Tanaka K. and Nakazawa R. (2007).@Physiological response of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seedlings to salinity stress.@African J. Biotechnology. 6 (2), 79-88.@Yes$Ashraf M. (2001).@Relationships between growth and gas exchange characteristics in some salt-tolerant amphidipoid Brassica species in relation to their diploid parents.@Environ. Exp. Bot., 45, 155-163.@Yes$Tattini M., Bertoni P. and Caselli S. (1992).@Genotypic responses of olive plants to sodium chloride.@J. Plant Nutr., 15, 1467-1485.@Yes
<#LINE#>DNA-Based Characterization of Flesh Flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)<#LINE#>Bajpai@N. <#LINE#>35-39<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJBS-2016-120.pdf<#LINE#>Govt Degree College, Kaushambi, Uttar Pradesh, India<#LINE#>9/9/2016<#LINE#>2/10/2016<#LINE#>The members belonging to the family Sarcophagidae includes species of medically, veterinary and forensic importance. Many studies have been carried out on the cytogenetics and biochemical genetics of these flies; however, very little work has been carried out using DNA based methods for their molecular characterization. Therefore, in the present study amplification of Cytochrome b gene was performed among five sarcophagids viz., Sarcophaga knabi, S. albiceps, S. dux, S. argyrostoma and S. ruficornis with a view to unravel the genetic relationship among these Indian flesh flies. DNA sequence was analysed using MEGA 4 software. Phylogenetic analysis was also performed which is in congruence with the results found earlier by using COI gene. The result shows the reliability of Cyt b gene as a diagnostic marker for the genetic study of these flesh flies.<#LINE#>Zumpt F. (1965).@Myiasis in man and animals in the old world.@Butterworth, London.@Yes$Gordon R.M. and Lavoipierre M.M.J. (1962).@Entomology for students of medicine.@Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.@Yes$Greenberg B. (1973).@Flies and Disease.@Biology and Disease Transmission. Vol. 2. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.@Yes$Catts E.P. and Goff M.L. (1992).@Forensic entomology in criminal investigations.@Annu. Rev. Entomol., 37, 253-272.@Yes$Wells J.D., Pape T. and Sperling F.A.H. (2001).@DNA based identification and molecular systematics of forensically important Sarcophagidae (Diptera).@J. Forensic Sci., 46, 1098-1102.@Yes$Amendt J., Krettek R. and Zehner R. (2004).@Forensic entomology.@Naturwissenschaften, 91, 51-65.@Yes$Carvalho C.J.B. and Mello-Patiu C.A. (2008).@Key to the adults of the most common forensic species of Diptera in South America.@Rev. Bras. Entomol., 52, 390-406.@Yes$Giroux M., Pape T. and Wheeler T.A. (2010).@Towards a phylogeny of the flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae): morphology and phylogenetic implications of the acrophallus in the subfamily Sarcophaginae.@Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 158, 740-778.@Yes$Kaul D., Chaturvedi R., Gaur P. and Tewari R.R. (1978).@Cytogenetics of the genus Parasarcophaga (Sarcophagidae: Diptera).@Chromosoma, 68, 73-82.@Yes$Kaul D., Tewari R.R. and Gaur P. (1981).@The chromosomes of sarcophagid flies.@La  Kromosomo II , 24, 697-706.@Yes$Kaul D., Shinonaga S., Agrawal U.R., Kurahashi H., Tewari R.R. and Thakur S. (1994).@A study of isozyme patterns in the flesh fly Sarcophaga amplicercus Shinonaga et Tumrasvin (Diptera :Sarcophagidae).@Jpn. J. Sanit. Zool., 45, 303-309.@Yes$Kaul D., Shinonaga S., Tewari R.R., Kurahashi H., Agrawal U.R. and Pradhan S.C. (1994).@Electrophoretic comparisons of isozymes among populations of flesh fly Sarcophaga  pattoni Senior-White (Diptera : Sarcophagidae).@Jpn. J. Sanit. Zool., 45, 311-316.@Yes$Bajpai N. and Tewari R.R. (2010).@Mitochondrial DNA sequence based phylogenetic relationship among flesh flies of the genus Sarcophaga (Sarcophagidae: Diptera).@J. Genet., 89, 51-54.@Yes$Bajpai N. and Tewari R.R. (2012).@Genetic relationship of flesh flies of the genus Sarcophaga using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunits (Sarcophagidae: Diptera).@Int. J. Pharma and Biosciences, 3, 521-525.@Yes$Sharma M., Singh D. and Sharma A.K. (2014).@Identification of three forensically important Indian species of flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) based on cytochrome oxidase I gene.@Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 8, 12-16.@Yes$Sharma M., Singh D. and Sharma A.K. (2015).@Mitochondrial DNA based identification of forensically important Indian flesh flies.@Forensic Sci. Int., 247, 1-6.@Yes$Sharma M. Singh D. and Sharma A.K. (2015).@Molecular identification of two forensically important Indian flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae).@Int. J. of Advanced Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2, 814-818.@Yes$Amorim J.A., Souza C.M. and Thyssen P.J. (2014).@Molecular characterization of Peckia (Patonella) intermutans (Walker 1861) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) based on the partial sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene.@J. Forensics Res., 5, 3.@Yes$Zehner R., Amendt J., Schutt S., Sauer J., Krettek R. and Povolny D. (2004).@Genetic identification of forensically important flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae).@Int. J. Legal Med., 118, 245-247.@Yes$Song Z.K., Wang X.Z. and Liang G.Q. (2008).@Molecular evolution and phylogenetic utility of the Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS 2) in Calyptratae (Diptera: Brachycera).@J. Mol. Evol., 67, 448-464.@Yes$Song Z.K., Wang X.Z. and Liang G.Q. (2008).@Phylogenetic relationships among 15 sarcophagid fly species (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) based on partial sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome b and cytochrome oxidase subunit I genes.@Acta Entomologica Sinica, 51, 298-306.@Yes$Hall M.J.R., Adams Z.J.O., Wyatt N.P., Testa J.M., Edge W., Nikolausz M., Farkas R. and Ready P.D. (2009).@Morphological and mitochondrial DNA characters for identification and phylogenetic analysis of the myiasis-causing flesh fly Wohlfahrtia magnifica and its relatives, with a description of Wohlfahrtia monegrosensis sp. N. Wyatt & Hall.@Med. Vet. Entomol., 23, 59-71.@Yes$Meiklejohn K.A., Wallman J.F. and Dowton M. (2011).@DNA-based identification of forensically important Australian Sarcophagidae (Diptera).@Int. J. Legal Med. DOI 10.1007/s00414-009-0395-y.@Yes$Tan S.H., Rizman-Idid M., Mohd-Aris E., Kurahashi H. and Mohamed Z. (2010).@DNA-based characterization and classification of forensically important flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) in Malaysia.@Forensic Sci. Int., 199, 43-49.@Yes$Guo Y.D., Cai J.F., Xiong F., Wang H.J. et al. (2012).@The utility of mitochondrial DNA fragments for genetic identification of forensically important sarccophagid flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) in China.@Trop. Biomed., 29, 51-60.@Yes$Napoleao K.S., Mello-Patiu C.A., Oliveira-Costa J., Takiya D.M., Silva R. and Moura-Neto R.S. (2015).@DNA-based identification of forensically important species of Sarcophagidae (Insecta: Diptera) from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.@Genetics and Molecular Research, 15, 1-7.@Yes$Otranto D., Milillo P., Traversa D. and Colwell D.D. (2005).@Morphological variability and genetic identity in Rhinoestrus spp. causing horse nasal myiasis.@Med. Vet. Entomol., 19, 96-100.@Yes$Kent R.J., Harrington L.C. and Norris D.E. (2007).@Genetic differences between Culex pipiens f. Molestus and Culex pipiens pipiens (Diptera:Culicidae) in New York.@J.  Med. Entomol., 44, 50-59.@Yes$Marquez J.G., Cummings M.A. and Krafsur E.S. (2007).@Phylogeography of stable fly (Diptera: Muscidae) estimated by diversity at ribosomal 16S and Cytochrome oxidase I mitochondrial genes.@J. Med. Entomol., 44, 998-1008.@Yes$Zapata M.A., Cienfuegos A.V., Quiros O.I., Quifiones M.L., Luckhart S. and Correa M.M. (2007).@Discrimination of seven Anopheles species from San Pedro de Uraba, Antioquia, Colombia, by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of its sequences.@Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 77, 67-72.@Yes$Desmyter S. and Gosselin M. (2009).@CO I sequence variability between Chrysomyinae of forensic interest.@Forensic Sci. Int., 3, 89-95.@Yes$Tan S.H., Mohd-Aris E., Surin J., Omar B., Kurahashi H. and Mohamed Z. (2009).@Sequence variation in the cytochrome oxidase subunit I and II genes of two commonly found blow fly species, Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) and Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Malaysia.@Tropical Biomed, 26, 173-181.@Yes$Maniatis T., Fritsch E.F. and Sambrook J. (1982).@Molecular Cloning: a laboratory manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.@New York.@Yes$Thompson J.D., Gibson T.J., Plewniak F., Jeanmougin F. and Higgins D.G. (1997).@The Clustal X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools.@Nucl. Acids Res., 24, 4876-4882.@Yes$Tamura K., Dudley J., Nei M. and Kumar S. (2007).@MEGA 4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0.@Mol. Biol. Evol., 24, 1596-1599.@Yes$Posada D. and Crandall K.A. (1998).@MODELTEST: testing the model of DNA substitution.@Bioinformatics, 14, 817-818.@Yes$Pond S.L.K. and Muse S.V. (2005).@HyPhy: hypothesis testing using phylogenies.@Bioinformatics, 21, 676-679.@Yes$Kimura M. (1981).@Estimation of evolutionary distances between homologous nucleotide sequences.@Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A., 78, 454-458.@Yes$Moritz C., Dowling T.E. and Brown W.M. (1987).@Evolution of animal mitochondrial DNA: relevance for population biology and systematics.@Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 18, 269-292.@Yes$Simon C., Frati F., Beckenbach A., Crespi B., Liu H. and Flook P. (1994).@Evolution, weighting, and phylogenetic utility of mitochondrial gene sequences and a compilation of conserved polymerase chain reaction primers.@Ann. Entoml. Soc. Am., 87, 651–701.@Yes$Bernasconi M.V., Valsangiacomo C., Piffaretti J.C. and Ward P.I. (2000).@Phylogenetic relationships among Muscoidea (Diptera: Calyptratae) based on mitochondrial DNA sequences.@Insect Mol. Biol., 9, 67-74.@Yes$Scarpassa V.M. and Conn J.E. (2006).@Molecular differentiation in natural populations of Anopheles oswaldoi sensu lato (Diptera: Culicidae) from the Brazilian Amazon region, using sequences of the COI gene from mitochondrial DNA.@Genet. Mol. Res., 5, 493–502.@Yes$Zhang J. (2000).@Rates of conservative and radical nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions in mammalian nuclear genes.@J. Mol. Evol., 50, 56-68.@Yes$Keller I., Bensasson D. and Nichols R.A. (2007).@Transition-transversion bias is not universal: A counter example from grasshopper pseudogenes.@PLoS Genet. 3: e22.doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0030022.@Yes$Wolstenholme D.R. and Clary D.O. (1985).@Sequence evolution of Drosophila mitochondrial DNA.@Genetics, 109, 725-744.@Yes$Segura M.D., Callejas C., Fernandez M.P. and Ochando M.D. (2006).@New contributions towards the understanding of phylogenetic relationships among economically important fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae).@Bull. Entomol. Res., 96, 279-288.@Yes$Hall M.J.R., Edge W., Testa J.M., Adams Z.J.O. and Ready P.D. (2001).@Old World screwworm fly, Chrysomya bezziana, occurs as two geographical races.@Med. Vet. Entomol., 15, 393–402.@Yes$Wallman J.F. and Donnellan S.C. (2001).@The utility of mitochondrial DNA sequences for the identification of forensically important blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in southern Australia.@Forensic Sci. Int., 120, 60–67.@Yes$Swofford D.L., Olsen G.J., Waddell P.J. and Hillis D.M. (1996).@Phylogenetic inference in: Molecular Systematics (ed. Hillis, D. M. and Moritz, C.).@407-514, Sunderland, Massachusetts, Sinauer Associates.@Yes$Agrawal U.R. (1993).@Allozyme variation at acid phosphatase loci in three populations of Parasarcophaga ruficornis (Sarcophagidae: Diptera).@Nat. Acad. Sci. Lett., 16, 115-118.@Yes
<#LINE#>Comparative Phytochemical Determination of two spices: Capsicum frutescens L. and Capsiscum annun L. (Solanaceae family)<#LINE#>Andzouana@Marcel,Makomo@Hubert <#LINE#>40-44<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJBS-2016-121.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technics, Marien NGOUABI University, Brazzaville, Congo@Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technics, Marien NGOUABI University, Brazzaville, Congo<#LINE#>16/9/2016<#LINE#>20/9/2016<#LINE#>The quantification of the phytochemical constituents was undertaken for Capsicum frutescens and Capsiscum annun (solanaceae family) as they are known to be medicinally important. The fruits were collected and milled into powder after drying in an oven at 70°C for 24 h. The dried powder material was used for phytochemical analysis. The phytochemical analysis indicated that most of the screened compounds were present in the samples, including phenols, flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, saponins and triterpenoids. However, phenols and anthocyanins were not detected in C.annum and C.frutescens respectively. The results also showed a higher presence of phytochemicals in C.annum than in C.frutescens. Quantitative analysis of the fruit revealed high amounts of pectins (14 .60±4.74 % ) and  alkaloids(5.30±0.01% ) in C.annum while high concentrations of saponins were recorded in both species  (11.40±2.60 and 3.7±0.30%  in C.annum and C.frutescens respectively). Phenols and anthocyanins were detected in lower quantities (1.17±0.37 - 1.9±0.50%) and flavonoids were detected as trace compounds (0.50±0.08-0.90±0.10%). From the results it was possible to conclude that the fruits contained bioactive compounds that help in fighting against degenerative and chronic diseases and determined the fruits’ nutritional and medicinal value. This suggests that the fruits could be used for food supplementation in developing countries.<#LINE#>Hernandez Verdugo S., Luna-Reyes R. and Oyama K. (2001).@Genetic structure and differentiation of wild and domesticated populations of Capsicum annum (Solanacceae) from Mexico.@Plant Syst. Evol., 226, 129-142.@Yes$Votava E.J., Nabhan G.P. and Bosland P.W. (2002).@Genetic diversity and similarity revealed via molecular analysis among and within an in situ population and ex situ accessions of chiltepin (capsicum annum var. glabriuscullum).@Conservation genetics, 3, 123-129.@Yes$Wagner W.L., Herbert D.R., Derral R. and Sohmer S.H. (1999).@Manual of the flowering plants of Hawaii.@Revised edition Bernice P. Bishop museum special publication. University of Hawaii press/Bishop museum press, Honolulu, 1919.@Yes$Smith A.C. (1991).@Flora vitiensis nova:a new flora of Fiji.@National Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai, Kauai; Hawaii, 5, 626.@No$Saikat Manna (2004).@In medicinal plant, capsicum-frutescens.@http://studies-in-botany.blogspot.in/2014/08/ capsicum-frutescens-medicinal-uses.html.  In /2014/08/@No$Bosland P.W. (1996).@Capsicums, Innovative uses of an ancient crop.@In: J. Janick (ed), Progress in new crops, ASHS Press, Arlington V.A., 479-487@Yes$Raji A.O., Falade K.O. and Abimbolu F.W. (2010).@Effect of sucrose and binary solution on osmotic dehydration of bell pepper (Chilli) (Capsicum spp) varieties.@J. Food Sci. Technol., 47(3), 305-309.@Yes$Parthasarathy V.A., Chempkam B. and Zachariah T.J. (2008).@Chemistry of spices.@CAB International, 270.@Yes$Diaz J., Pomar F., Bemal A. and Merino F. (2004).@Peroxidases and the metabolism of capsaicin in capsicum annum L.@Phytochem. Rev., 3, 141-157.@Yes$Shaimaa G.A., Mahmoud M.S., Mohamed M.R. and Emam A.A. (2016).@Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant Activities and In Vitro Anticancer Potential of Egyptian Capsicum Spp.@Biochem Pharmacol (Los Angel), 5, 205.http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2167-0501.1000205@Yes$Jin R., Pan J., Xie H., Zhou B. and Xia X. (2009).@Separation and Quantitative analysis, of Capsaicinoids in Chili Peppers by Reversed-Phase.@Argentation LC.Chromatographia, 70(5-6), 1011.@Yes$Mombouli J.B., Andzouana M. and Attibayeba (2014).@Evaluation of Proximate, Mineral and Phytochemical Compositions of Carapa procera (Family Meliaceae).@Pak. J. Nutr., 13(6), 359-365.@Yes$Uma G., Sathica T.J., Najila B.A. and Josephine Benedict B.U. (2013).@Phytochemical screening of capsicum annum L.(Bell Pepper fruits) extracts.@J.Phytochem.Photon, 114, 179-180.@No$Nabarun Sen, Dipak Paul and Sarkar Narayan Sinha (2016).@In vitro antibacterial potential and phytochemical analysis of three species of chilli plant.@J.Chem.Pharmaceut. Res., 8(2), 443-447.@Yes$Pandey Sunil, Yadav Sanjay and Singh Vinod (1990).@Pharmacognostical investigation and standardization of Capsicum annum L.roots.@Int.J.Pharma. and  Phytochem. Res., 4(1), 21-24.@Yes$Kambou G. and Guissou I.P. (2011).@Pytochemical composition and insecticidal effects of aqueous spices extracts on insect pests found.@Tropicultura, 29(4), 212-217.@Yes$Rebeca Slayton (2015).@list-of-foods-high-in-pectin.@http://www.livestrong.com/article/289067,last updated: 19/ april/2015.@No$Wikiera A, Irla M. and Mika M. (2013).@Health-promoting properties of pectin.@Postepy Hig Med Dosw,  2(68), 590-6.@Yes$Ikpeme-Emmanuel C., Peters H., Orim A. and Okiri O.A. (2014).@Comparative evaluation of the nutritional, phytochemical and microbiological quality of three pepper varieties.@J.Food Nutr.Sci., 2(3), 74-80.@Yes$Otunola G.A., Oloyede O.B., Oladiji A.T. and Afolayan A.J. (2010).@Comparative analysis of the chemical composition of three spices–llium sativum L. Zingiber officinale Rosc. and Capsicum frutescens L. commonly consumed in Nigeria.@Afr.J. Biotech., 9, 6927-6931.@Yes$Bello I., Boboye B.E. and Akinyosoye F.A. (2015).@Phytocemical screening & antibacterial properties of selected Nigerian long Peper (Capsicum frutescens fruits).@Afr.J.Microbiol.Res., 9(38), 2067-2078.@Yes$Liu Y.H., Liang Z.S., Chen  B., Yang  D.F. and Liu J.L. (2010).@Elicitation of alkaloids in in vitro PLB (protocorm-like  body) cultures of  Pinella ternate.@Enzyme Microb. Tech., 46, 28-31.@Yes$Adesuyi A.O., Awosanya O.A., Adaramola F.B. and Omeonu A.I. (2012).@Nutritional and Phytochemical Screening of Aloe barbadensis.@Current Res. J. Biol. Sci., 4(1), 4-9.@Yes$Hedges L.J. and Lister C.E. (2009).@Nutritional attributes of some exotic and lesser known vegetables.@Plant and Food Res., confidential report, 2325, 7-8.@Yes$Sodipo O.A., Akiniyi J.A. and Ogunbameru J.V. (2000).@Studies on certain characteristics of extracts of bark of Pansinystalia macruceras (K schemp) pierre Exbeille.@Global J.Pure Appl. Sci., 6, 83-87.@Yes$Okwu D.E. (2004).@Phytochemicals and vitamin content of indigenous species of southeastern Nigeria.@J.Sustain. Agric. Environ., 6(1), 30-37.@Yes$Kam P.C.A. and Liew S. (2002).@Traditional Chinese herbal medicine and anaesthesia.@Anaesthesia, 57, 1083-1089.@Yes$Sofowara A.E. (1993).@Medicinal plants & traditional medicine in Africa.@Spectrum Books Ltd, Ibadan,  2, 288.@No$Ogbonna O.J., Udia P.M., Onyekpe P.I. and Ogbeihe G.O. (2013).@Comparative studies of the phytochemical and proximate analysis; mineral and vitamin compositions of the root and leaf extracts of Tetracarpidium conophorum.@Arch. Appl.Sci.Res.,  5 (4), 55-59.@Yes$Marinova D., Ribarova F. and Atanassova M. (2005).@Total phenolics and total flavonoids in Bulgarian fruits and vegetables.@J. Univ. Chem. Technol. Metallurgy, 40,255-260.@Yes$Lin J.Y. and Tang C.Y. (2007).@Determination of total phenolic and flavonoids contents in selected fruits and vegetables as well as their stimulatory effects on mouse splenocyte proliferation.@Food  Chem.,101,140-147.@Yes$Fapohunda S.O., Mnom J.U. and Fakeye F. (2012).@Proximate,analysis,phytochemical screeningand antibacterial potentials  of bitter cola Cinnamon,Ginger and banana peels.@Academia Arena, 4(8), 8-15.@Yes$Teow C.C., Truong V.D., Mc Feeters R.F., Thompson R.L., Pecota K.V. and Yencho G.C. (2007).@Anti-oxidant activities,phenols & &#946;-carotene contents of sweet potato genotypes with varying flesh colours.@Food Chem.,103, 829-838.@No$Ofokansi K.C., Esimone C.O. and Anele C.R. (2005).@Evaluation of the invitro combined anti bacterial effects of the leaf extras of Bryophyllum Pinnatum.@Production Research, 9, 23-27.@Yes$Suda I., Oki T., Masuda M., Kobayashi M., Nishiba Y. and Furuta S. (2003).@Physiological functionality of purple-fleshed sweet potatoes containing anthocyanins and their utilization in foods.@Jpn. Agric. Res.Q., 37, 167–173.@Yes$Wu D.M., Lu J., Zheng Y.L., Zhou Z., Shan Q. and Ma D.F. (2008).@Purple sweet potato color repairs D-galactose-induced spatial learning and memory impairment by regulating the expression of synaptic proteins.@Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. , 90(1), 19–27@Yes$Vera-Guzman Araceli Minerva, Chavez-Servia José Louis, Carrillo-Rodriguez José Cruz and Lopez Mercedes G. (2011).@Phytochemical evaluation of wild and cultivated pepper (capsicum annum L.) and C.pubescens Ruiz&Pav.) From Oaxaca, Mexico.@Chilean J.Agric.Res.,71(4),578-585.@Yes
<#LINE#>Extraction and Characterization of L-asparaginase from Spinacea oleraceae<#LINE#>Sarina P.@Khabade,Mahir S.@Patel,Sowjanya@R. <#LINE#>40-50<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJBS-2016-122.pdf<#LINE#>Department of PG studies and Research in Biotechnology, Government Science College, Bangalore-01, India@Department of PG studies and Research in Biotechnology, Government Science College, Bangalore-01, India@Department of PG studies and Research in Biotechnology, Government Science College, Bangalore-01, India<#LINE#>16/9/2016<#LINE#>26/9/2016<#LINE#>L-asparaginase (E.C. 3.5.1.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-asparagine into L-aspartate and ammonia. It is identified as an effective antitumor agent in human clinical trials and is now recognized as one of the important component of antitumor therapy. The purpose of the present study was to screen for the production of L-asparaginase enzyme in Spinacea oleracea. The presence of the enzyme was confirmed by the formation of ammonia which was detected using UV-Visible Spectrophotometer at 460nm. The enzyme activity was found to be 1.9IU and specific activity was 6.8 µmoles/mg/min. The enzyme kinetics revealed that the optimum pH of the enzyme L-asparaginase was 8.0, optimum temperature was found to be 370C and optimum time was 15 minutes. The Km and V-max values of  Spinacia oleracea was found to be 5 and 2.5 respectively by means of the double-reciprocal Lineweaver-Burk plot.<#LINE#>Warangkar S.C. and Khobragade C.N. (2009).@Purification, characterization and effect of thiol compounds on activity of the Erwinia carotovora L-asperaginase.@Enz. Rees.; 1-10.@Yes$Broome J.D. (1968).@Studies on the mechanism of tumor inhibition by l-asparaginase.@J. Exptl. Med., 127, 1055.@Yes$Rob Pieters, Stephen P Hunger, Joachim Boos, Carmelo Rizzari, Lewis Silverman, Andre Baruchel, Nicola Goekbuget, Martin schrappe and Cling-Hon Pui. (2011).@L-asparaginase treatment in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a focus on Erwinia asparaginase.@PMC:117(2), 238-249.@Yes$Hill J., Roberts J., Loeb E., Kahn A. and Hill R. (1967).@Lasparaginase therapy for leukemia and other malignant neoplasm.@JAMA 202, 882.@Yes$Sanson E. and Jaskolski M. (2004).@Dynamics and electrostatics of the L-asparaginase catalytic centre: Implications for reaction mechanism.@Department of crystallography, Birkbeck college, London and Venus Internet Ltd., London, 4(1), 2891.@Yes$Broome J.D (1981).@L-asparaginase: Discovery and development as a tumor inhibitory agent.@Cancer treatment reports. 65 suppl 4, 111-114.@Yes$Mozeena Bano and V.M. Sivaramakrishnan (1980).@Preparation and properties of L-asparaginase from green chillies (Capsicum annum L).@Journal of Biosciences, 2(4), 291-297.@Yes$Oza V.P., Trivedi S.D., Parmar P.P. and Subramanian R.B. (2009).@Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha): A novel source of L- asparaginase.@Journal of intergrative plant biology. 51(2), 201-206.@Yes$Thimmaiah S.R. (2006) .@Standard methods of biochemical analysis.@Kalyani publication, 94-97, 218-220. ISBN: 81-7663-067-5.@Yes$Jacques Rolland and Carol Sherman (2006).@\"Spinach\". The Food Encyclopedia: Over 8,000 Ingredients, Tools, Techniques and People.@Toronto: Robert Rose. (WWW: Canadian Living. Accessed 03/07/2010).@No
@Short Communication
<#LINE#>Monitoring of Temperature from different Height during Composting Process<#LINE#>Shahid@Raza,Jalil@Ahmad,Ayesha@Ameen <#LINE#>51-54<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJBS-2016-073.pdf<#LINE#>University of South Asia, Lahore, Pakistan@Lahore Compost Pvt Ltd, Punjab, Pakistan@University of South Asia, Lahore, Pakistan<#LINE#>21/5/2016<#LINE#>2/9/2016<#LINE#>The temperature during composting is a major factor to get the most stable and mature compost. The maintenance and monitoring of temperature profile is important in order to reduce any pathogenicity and phytotoxicity produce by microbes present in compost heap. This study was designed to monitor the temperature on daily basis and check its effect on compost. The three readings were taken from different height 4ft and 1ft after proper mixing of heap by using Oxygen/Temperature meter. It was concluded that there was a variation observed in temperature profile of compost. The temperature was tend to increase at the initial stage of composting and then decreased at the end.<#LINE#>Suler D.J. and Finstein M.S. (1977).@Effect of temperature, aeration, and moisture on CO2 formation in bench-scale, continuously thermophilic composting of solid waste.@Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 33(2), 345-350.@Yes$Strom P.F. (1985).@Identification of thermophilic bacteria in solid-waste composting.@Applied and environmental microbiology, 50(4), 906-913.@Yes$MacGregor S.T., Miller F.C., Psarianos K.M. and Finstein M.S. (1981).@Composting process control based on interaction between microbial heat output and temperature.@Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 41(6), 1321-1330.@Yes$Pagans E., Barrena R., Font X. and Sánchez A. (2006).@Ammonia emissions from the composting of different organic wastes. Dependency on process temperature.@Chemosphere, 62(9), 1534-1542.@Yes$Sundberg C., Smårs S. and Jönsson H. (2004).@Low pH as an inhibiting factor in the transition from mesophilic to thermophilic phase in composting.@Bioresource Technology, 95(2), 145-150.@Yes$Schulze K.L. (1962).@Continuous thermophilic composting.@Applied Microbiology, 10(2), 108-122.@Yes$Fergus C.L. (1964).@Thermophilic and thermotolerant molds and actinomycetes of mushroom compost during peak heating.@Mycologia, 56(2), 267-284.@Yes$De Bertoldi M. (2013).@The science of composting.@Springer Science & Business Media@No
<#LINE#>Effect of Coriandrum Oil on the RNA Levels in the Ovary of Corcyra Cephalonica<#LINE#>Madhavi@M. <#LINE#>55-57<#LINE#>10.ISCA-IRJBS-2016-115.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, Nizam College, Osmania University Hyderabad-500001, India<#LINE#>22/8/2016<#LINE#>1/10/2016<#LINE#>Corcyra cephalonica is a threat to agricultural crop produces infesting cereals, and many other food products, hence an attempt was made to control the stored products pest by using medicinal plant extract Coriandrum oil. The RNA levels in the ovary increased gradually in the larvae, pupae and the adults of Corcyra cephalonica, whereas in the Coriandrum oil treated resultant larvae there was a prominent decrease in the protein content when compared with the controls.<#LINE#>Venugopal K.J. and Dinesh Kumar (1997).@Electrophoretic studies on the development profiles of protein in Haemolymph, Fat body and ovary of red cotton bug.@Dysdercus Koenigii Entomon, 22, 185-191.@Yes$Kanost M.R, Dawooga J.K, Ryan R.O,. Husden M.D. and Zeilger R. (1990).@Insect Haemolymph Proteins.@Adv. Insect Physiology, 22, 299-397.@Yes$Rajathi A, Pandiaajan J, and Krishnan M, (2010).@Effect of RH-2485 on the development, metamorphosis and synthesis of major proteins in female silkworm.@Bombyx mori Biologia, 65(5), 903-913.@Yes$Dean R.L., Bollenbacher W.E., Locke M., Gilgert L.I. and Smith S.L. (1980).@Haemolymph   ecdysteroid levels and cellular events in the intermoult / moult sequence of Calpodes ethilus.@Journal of Insect physiology, 26, 267-280.@Yes$Krishna Kumaran A., Berry S.J., Oberlander H. and Schnciderman H.A. (1967).@Nucleic acid synthesis during insect development. II control of DNA synthesis in the cecropia silkmoth and saturnid moths.@J. Insect. Physio.  13, 1-57.@Yes$Dittman F., Koge P.H. and Hagedorn H.H. (1989).@Ploidy levels and DNA synthesis in fat body cells of the adult mosquito, Aedis aegytpi; the role of juvenile hormone.@Arch. Insect, Biochem. Physiol, 12, 133-143.@Yes$Anitha H.R., Sabita Raja S., Manjula C. and Raman C.V. (1999).@Effect of Precocene –II on the nucleic acid content in the ovaries of Chilo partellus, Swinehoe.@Entomon, 24, 307-313.@Yes$Anuradha P. and Amarjith Kaur (2010).@Influence of Solasodine on the protein content of Bombyx mori L.@J. Insect Physiol, 23, 15-18.@No$Manjula C. and Sabita Raja S. (2000).@Effect of precocene-II on the protein changes in the Haemolymph, Fatbody and ovaries of Chilo partellus during ontogenesis.@Convergence, 2, 18-23.@Yes$Dharmasri M.G., Jayakody J.R.A.C. and Galhena G. (2003).@Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of mature fresh leaves of Vitex negundo.@J. Ethnopharmacol. 87, 199-202.@Yes$Umamaheshwari M., Asok Kumar K. and Somasundaram A. (2007).@Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of some Indian medical plants.@J. Ethnopharmacol, 109, 547-551.@Yes$Ignacimuthu S. (1998).@Nature’s Ecofriendly Arsenal of Pesticides.@Curr. Sci, 74, 1037.@Yes$Lowry O.H., Rosebrough J.J., Farr A.L. and Randall R.J. (1951).@Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent.@Journal Biology of Chemistry, 193, 263-275.@Yes$Vanderberg J.P. (1963).@Synthesis and transfer of DNA, RNA and protein during Vitellogenesis in Rhodinus Prolixus (Hemiptera).@Biol. Bull, 125, 556-575.@Yes$Tefler W.H. (1965).@The mechanism and control of yolk formation.@Ann-Rev. Ent, 10, 161-184.@No$Schluter U. (1987).@Effects of Azadirachtin on developing tissues of various insect larvae.@Proc. 3, Int. Neem Conf, Eschborn, Germany, 331-348.@Yes$Lafont R., Manchamps. B., Blais C. and Pennetier J.L. (1977).@Ecdysones and imaginal disc development during the last larval instar larvae of Pieris brassicae.@J. Insect Physiol, 23, 277-283.@Yes$Lobbecke E.A. (1969).@Antoradiographische Bestimmungder DNA-Sythese-Daner Von Zellen der Flugelimainalanlage von Ephestia kulneilla Z. Wilhelm Roxus Arch.@Entw. Mech. Org, 162, 1-18.@No