International Research Journal of Biological Sciences ___________________________________ ISSN 2278-3202Vol. 4(6), 36-43, June (2015) Int. Res. J. Biological Sci. International Science Congress Association 36 Ethnobotanical Study of Plants of Raigarh Area, Chattisgarh, IndiaSingh Upasana and Bharti A.K.Department of Botany, Dr. C.V. Raman University Kota, Bilaspur, CG, INDIA Department of Botany, K.G. Arts and Science College, Raigarh, CG, INDIA Available online at: www.isca.in, www.isca.me Received 20th April 2015, revised 21st May 2015, accepted 5th June 2015 Abstract The ethnobotanical study was conducted in different area of Raigarh district of CG. (India). The paper reports was documented of ethnobotanical use of 89 plant species are described in which different parts of plants are used for different purposes by people for example medicine ,food ,fodder, furniture, fiber, cosmetics etc. The aim of the present survey is to highlight that local people knowledge and culture can play important role in resource management and to focus on the diversity of ethnobotanical plants for future use and provide the framework to aware the people how to use plants to solve different type of problem. Keywords: Ethnobotanical plants, tribal people, herbal medicine Raigarh District, Chhattisgarh.Introduction In the developed countries the medicinal drugs (25%) are based on plants and their derivatives1 and use of medicinal plants among the indigenous people in rural area of many developing countries. Botanically derived medicinal plants played a major role in human societies throughout history and prehistory 2. The ethnobotanical use of this unique group is of immense importance3-4. India is the one of the world’s 12th mega biodiversity centers having rich vegetation with 47 thousand plants species and a wide varieties of ethnobotanical plants along with tradition of plants based knowledge distributed among the vast number of ethnic group5-6. Chhattisgarh is the 26th state of India that is located between 17 to 23°7´ north latitude and 8°40 to 83°38´ east longitude. Raigarh district of Bilaspur division of Chhattisgarh state is situated on the eastern most part and lies between 21°20´ to 23°15´ north latitude and 82°55´to 83°24´ east longitude. It has an area of 12,924 sq. km. The area covered by forest in the district is about 6111.0 sq. km. that is 47.34% of the total geographical area of the district. It abounds in hilly regions and plains. Chhattisgarh is famous in the entire country for its Sal forest. In addition teak, bamboo, tendu, saja and sarai are also found in large numbers. Tendu leaf which is used in beedi making. The significant tribes of the state are Gond, Agaria, Korwa, Oraon, Munda, Baiga, Nagasia, Bhirhor etc 7-9. Most of them can be found in Raigarh district.In the life-cycle of people of various tribe’s plants and forest products play a significant role. Most of the tribal regions of Raigarh district are still not familiar with the cultural and scientific progress of the society and so are still being exploited by the modern society. The present surveys were undertaken in tribal or rural area of Raigarh comprising of Pussour, Bhaghadola, Urdana, Khairpur, Pandripani and Tarapur. Raigarh is well known for its kosa or tasar a kind of fine silk created by the silk-worm feeding on mulberry fruit. Tendu patta collection is one of the major sources of income for villagers while Raigarh district is major products of rice. As per WHO estimates as many as 80% of the world’s population are still dependent on traditional medicine10. Ethnobotany is considered as a branch of ethnobiology the study of past and present inter-relationship between human culture and the plants, animal and other organism in their environment. Ethnobotanist explore how plants are used for such things as food medicine shelter, clothing, hunting and religious ceremonies. In 1896 J. Harshburger recommended the term ethnobotany to limit it particularly to field of botany and to describe plants utility. He defined ethnobotany as “the use of plants by aboriginal peoples”11-12. There is day by day increase in utilization of ethnobotanical plants. Huge demand of medicinal plants their growth, conservation and export are important part in medicinal plants field. Since long time plants are used as medicine by tribal and rural people. About 80% population of the world use medicinal plants to curemany health related problem13.The purpose of the study was identification, collection and providing information on various uses of ethnobotanical plants and to make people aware of its future utilities. Material and Methods The present research is carried out during January-April 2015 in Raigarh CG India to explore and examine the plants diversity. The study area divided into 6 parts named as Pussore, Baghadola, Urdana, Khairpur, Tarapur, Pandripani. The study site is spread at about 5km-25km of North, South, East and West of Raigarh city. Survey of the site was done for collection of plants herbs, shrubs and trees. After that they were identified by common name, Botanical name (Family), parts used and uses. The research area was regularly visited for collection and identification of ethnobotanical plants. The photographs of plant taken were identified in the laboratory by literature inducing flora /encyclopedia like De, L.C., Hooker, Sharma R, Trivedi Research Journal of Biological Sciences ___________________________________________________________ ISSN 2278-3202 Vol. 4(6), 36-43, June (2015) Int. Res. J. Biological Sci. International Science Congress Association 37 P.C. and Pullaih T.14-17, which was further, confirmed with the help of fields experts. The ethnobotanical data was collected from, Vaidyas, Baigas Agaria, Experienced people, village head, medicine manand villagers who possess vast knowledge of plants for livelihood, security and other use of plants. The firsthand information was recorded at the time of the field visits to the study site. According to planned schedule field work was done. In present study the basic source of Information is questionnaire, observation and interview on the spot. Few ethnobotanical surveys were done by Ayyanar and Lgnacinuthu, Bala krishnan et al. Patel18-20. The present research paper is an attempt to focus and record the ethnobotanical plants present in Raigarh area. Results and Discussion The vegetation covered by Raigarh area is rich in ethnobotanical plants as observed by most important area of Raigarh CG. On account of field investigation ethno botanical plants it was resulted that 89 plants species under 45 families showed their presence in the Raigarh area which were collected, identified and listed. Recorded/Collected ethnobotanical plant shown different habit different plant parts were used for different disease and field survey during january-april 2015. The present study focused at documented every ethnobotanical products data including purposes. The plants are arranged following their common name, Botanical name, family, parts used and ethnobotanical, ethnomedicinal use. Table-1 indicating summary of ethnobotanical plants in Raigarh area. Table-2 representing the photographic information of the surveyed area. The photographic documentation is more useful in identification of plant species in the field and it may also be useful for conservation strategies. With the help of earlier studies and the present day research data its exploration shows that these ethnobotanical studies can be greatly beneficial to human race for treating disease with cheap and best non side effect solutions. 1. Mentha spicala 2. Butea momosperma 3. Colocasia esculenta 4. Jatropha curas 5. Aloe vera 6. Dospiros melanoxylon 7. Ficus religiosa 8. Terminalia arjuna 9. Calotropis procera Figure-1 (1 to 9) Ethnobotanical plants of Raigarh area Research Journal of Biological Sciences ___________________________________________________________ ISSN 2278-3202 Vol. 4(6), 36-43, June (2015) Int. Res. J. Biological Sci. International Science Congress Association 38 A brief account of the plant is followed by ethnobotanical use, all collection of the plant. It was also observed that some uses described by the folk were not much known or recorded21. A wide no of plant species located in tribal inhabited regions of Raigarh area. Looking to the intellectual property rights of indigenous people, documentation of such knowledge is necessary now a day. The people of Oraon, Agharia, Gond and Korwa community possess a vast knowledge regarding multifarious use of plants. The plants based traditional knowledge has become a recognized toll in search for new source of drugs, wound healing properties and mentralceuticals22. Almost all species are commonly available in the area but many people are not aware about their importance. Some species are facing threats due to various reasons and require immediate attention for their conservation it is clear from observation that some species are also used for curing the cattle of tribes. Such information should be spread among other societies in urban area and villages.According to Biswas and Mukherjee 23, 70% of the wound healing Ayurvedic drugs are of plants origin, 20% of mineral origin, and the remaining 10% consisting of animal product. The sustainable harvesting and management issues of ethnobotanical plant species were discussed in view of their conservation and management24Table-1 Ethnobotanical plants of Raigarh, Chhattisgarh India S. no. Common name Botanical name Family Parts used Ethnobotanical /medicinal uses 1. Bargad Ficus benghalensi s L. Moraceae Latex, Leaf, bark, root Prevent loss of hair, pain killer in joint pain, diabetes 2. Satawar Asparagus racemosus Wild. Liliaceae Whole plant Piles, fever, wound, anti - toxic, weakness, cough, Diarrhoea , head ache, asthma, urinary disorder 3. Babool Acacia nitotica (L) wild Fabaceae Whole plants, flower Jaundice, itching, worms, tooth ache, eye elements, cough, facial paralysis, easy delivery, asthma, fever, carpentry work 4. Pilikatere Argemone maxicana (L.) Papaveraceae Yellow milk, oil, root, bark, leaf Ring worm, abdominal pain, ulcer, jaundice, cough, asthma, male impotency 5. Bankapas Thespesia populnea Solandex.Correa Malvaceae Stem, bark, flower Dog bite, making in fiber and paper 6. Keu Costus speciosus (koen.) Zingiberaceae Rhizome Liver related disease 7. Kalimusali Curculigo orchioides Gaertn Hipoxidaceae Root juice Dysentery, 8. Kari Erycibe panculata Roxb. Convolvulaceae Leaf Night blindness 9. Tendu Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. Ebenaceae Pulp, fruit,leaf Healing of crack feet, edible,bad breath, dysentery 10. Masbandhi Porana paniculata Roxb. Convolvulaceae Root Joining the fractured bone, wound 11. Chota chirayata Andrographis paniculata Linn. Acanthaceae Whole plant Malarial fever, for feeding cattle’s 12. Punarnava Boerhaavia diffusa Linn. Nyctaginaceae Whole plant Kidney stone, arthritis 13. Haldu Haldinia cordifolia Roxb. Rubiaceae Root, bark Pain killer, intestinal worms 14. Ratanjot Jatropha curcas Linn. Euphorbiaceae Seed oil Rheumatic pain, night blindness 15. Katha Acacia catechu (L.F.) wild. Fabaceae Bark, hard wood, juice, leaf, flower Toothache, cough and cold, stomach pain, coloring, betel nut 16. Siris Albizia lebbek Benth Fabaceae Root, flower seed, bark, stem, root, flower Scorpion bite, migrain e, piles, hydrocele, toothache, wound and cut, carpentry Research Journal of Biological Sciences ___________________________________________________________ ISSN 2278-3202 Vol. 4(6), 36-43, June (2015) Int. Res. J. Biological Sci. International Science Congress Association 39 S. no. Common name Botanical name Family Parts used Ethnobotanical /medicinal uses 17. Neem Azadirachta indica A. juss. Maliaceae Seed oil, bark, leaf, wood, fruit Heart problems, eczema, arthritis, white discharge, ear and tooth ache, malaria, anti-toxic and anti-microbial, tooth washing, furniture making , chicken pox, blood purification, cosmetics 18. Baans, Bans Bambusa arundinacea L. Poaceae Whole plant Wound healing, tuberculosis, bronchitis, Leprosy, food and fodder, feeding of cow after delivery, musical instruments 19. Gritkumari Aleo vera Linn. Liliaceae Leaves Cosmetics, burns, cut and wound, fracture, gastric, eye problem, Headache 20. Ramphal Anoona reticulate Linn. Annonaceae Fruit, leaf, seeds, stem Digestion, tumor, cancer, diabetes 21. Sitaphal, chitaphal Anoo na squamosal Wall. Annonaceae Leaves, fruits, bark Intoxicating, edible, seeds in diabetic problems 22. Bel Aegle marmelos (L) Core. rutaceae Leaf, root, fruit, stem, juice, Mouth ulcer, Piles, Headache, headache, fever, weakness, dysentery, cataract, chest seed pain, as gum 23. Bach Acorus calamus L. Araceae Rhizome,leaves Delayed delivery, Abdominal disorder, eye andskin problem, cough, piles 24. Akarkara/ akarkha Anacyclus pyrethrum D.C Asteraceae Whole plant Heart disease, paralysis, stomach problem, fever, tooth ache 25. Chaulai bhaji Amaranthus virdis (Hook) Amaranthaceae Leaves Eye elements, blood purification, fodder 26. Bhuineem Andrograthis panculata Ness. Acarthaceae Whole plants Joint pain, jaundice, head ache, malaria, anti helm-antic 27 . Munga Moringa oleifera Lamk. Moringaceae Fruit, bark, leaves, root Piles, cough, intestinal worm, Bp., gum probem, headache 28. Harsringar Nyctanthes arbortritis Linn. Nyctaginnaceae Stem, flower Fracture, worship, 29. Mahaneem Melia azadiracsta L. M eliaceae Fruit, seed, whole plant Stomatitis, internal worm, stone in urinary bladder, swelling, etching, fever, eye problem 30. Aam Mangifera indica Linn. Anacardiaceae Fruit, whole plant, seeds Cough and cold, anti - dysenteric worm, furniture work, religious use, heat stroke, for pickles, carpentry 31. Lajwanti Mimosa pudica Linn. Fabaceae Leaves, root Piles, diarrhea, swelling, jaundice, excessive urination, indigestion 32. Mahua Madhuca latifolia Gmel. Sapotaceae Flower, whole plant Anti - bacterial, c arpentry work, pain killer, wine/liquor, worship 33. Vantulsa/ bantulsi Osmium basilicum Linn. Lamiaceae Leaves, seed, root, Cough and cold, green tea, giddiness 34. Chameli Jasmminum grandiflorum L. Oleaceae Leaf, root, flower, oil Ulcer, headache, mo uth disease, impotency, skin disease, ear problem, worm, fever, perfume 35. Gamhar/Gha mhar Gmelina arborea Raxb. Verbenaceae Root, flower, fruit, bark leaf, wood Weakness, snake bite, anti - dote, cut and wound, carpentry construction work 36. Gudhal/mada r Hibiscus rosa sinensis L. Malvaceae Flower, seed, leaves, root Hair fall, cough and cold, male impotency, stomach pain, worship. Research Journal of Biological Sciences ___________________________________________________________ ISSN 2278-3202 Vol. 4(6), 36-43, June (2015) Int. Res. J. Biological Sci. International Science Congress Association 40 S. no. Common name Botanical name Family Parts used Ethnobotanical /medicinal uses 37. Mehandi Lawsonia inermis Linn. Lythraceae Seeds, leaves, root Eye disorder, hair fall and coloring, burn, jaundice, headache, stomach problem 38. Semar Bomax ceiba Linn. Malvaceae Bark, fruit, leaves Piles, leprosy, anti - dote, medicinal cotton, anemia, liver and spleen disease 39 Char Buchanania lanzan Sprengen Anacardiaceae Bark, gum Snake bite, skin problem, cut and wound, dysentery, piles 40. Papita Carica papaya Linn. Caricaceae Leaf, fruit, seed, latex Liver enlargement, heart problem, piles, skin problem, cosmetics 41. Sevanti Chrysanthemum corinarium Linn. Asteraceae Flower, bark, root Purgative, anti helmantic, Cultural use 42. Aak/ Akwan Caltropis procera W.T. Aiton Asclepiadaceae Fruit, whole plant Cut and wound, leprosy, dropsy, rheumatic pain, asthma, bronchitis 43. Amaltas Cassia fistula Linn. Fabaceae Leaf, root, seed, wood Ring worm, wound, fever, lepro sy, cough 44. Karonda Carissa carandus Linn. Apocynaceae Root, fruit Anemia, constipation 45. Patharchtta Byophyllum pillatum Lam. Crassulaceae Leaf, stem Antiseptic, cures kidney stone, skin disease, head ache 46. Khoruch Achyranthes aspera Linn. Ama rnthaceae Root, seed, whole plant Snake bite, stomach pain, fever, hydrophobia, skoin problem, cough 47. Nimbu/limbu Citrus medica Linn. Rutaceae Fruit, leaf, root, whole plant Throat disorder, constipation, antiseptic digestion, dandruff, fever, cough, juices 48. Gulmohar Delonix regia Boj. Fabaceae Leaf, flower, wood Skin trouble, coloring, 49. Pudina Mentha spicata Linn. Lamiaceae Leaf Gastro intestinal disorder, fever, cholera, skin problem, cough and cold, sauces 50. Aarandi Ricinus communis Linn. Euphorbiaceae Leaf, seed Seed oil in purgative, piles, joint pain, hair fall, skin disease, head ache 51. Saal/ sarai Shorea robusta A.W. Roth. Dipterocarpaceae Fruit, seed, whole plant Dysentery, anti - dote,Furniture 52. Sagon Tectona grandis Linn. Lam iaceae Whole plant Burning sensation, arthritis, kidney and skin disease, furniture, diabetes, ulcer 53. Rose Rosa damascene P. Rosaceae Root leaf, flower, Cultural use, wounds, diarrhea, diabetes, skin infection, cosmetics 54. Kahua/Arjun Terminalia arj una Roxb. Combretaceae Bark leaf Heart and liver disease 55. Harra Terminalia chebula A.J.Retzius Combretaceae Fruit and bark Digestion, skin problem 56. Ber Zizyphus jujube Miller. Rhamnaceae Fruit, leaf, bark, stem Ulcer, fever, wound, abdominal pain, asthma,vegitable 57. Aanar Punica grantum L. Punicaceae Fruit leaf, whole plant heart problem, eye and ear disorder, tonic, migraine, jaundice, vomiting, piles, worm 58. Agastiya Sesbania grandflora L. Fabaceae Flower, leaf, stem, bark Constipation, migraine, epilepsy, leucorrhoea, pain killer 59. Sarpagandha Roulfia serpentine Benth. ex Kurz. Apocynaceae Root, bark Snake bite, bp. Control, joint pain, fever, malaria, ulcer 60. Bija Pterocarpus Strculiaceae Wood, bark, laef Carpentr y, diabetes, diarrhea, Research Journal of Biological Sciences ___________________________________________________________ ISSN 2278-3202 Vol. 4(6), 36-43, June (2015) Int. Res. J. Biological Sci. International Science Congress Association 41 S. no. Common name Botanical name Family Parts used Ethnobotanical /medicinal uses marsupium Roxb. constipation, coloring 61. Karanj Pangamia pinnata Mars L. Fabaceae Seed, leaf Leucoderma, parasiticide, malaria 62. Amrood,bihi Psidium guajava Linn. Myrtaceae Frout, whole plant Joint pain, caugh, heart aliment, toothache, dysentery, ulcer 63. Tejraj Peucedanum nagpurense CB Clark Apiaceae Bark, leaf Joint pain, sexual disorders 64. Amla,aawla Emblica officinalis Gaertn. Euphorbiaceae Seed, fruit, leaf, bark Constipation, arthritis, fever, itching, digestive, hair fall, diabetes, eye and skin problem 65. Peepal Ficus religiosa L. Moraceae Whole plants, letex Eczema, toothache, leucorrhoea, cutand wound, earache, caugh and cold, jaundice, stomach pain, fodder, worship 66. Shankhpushp i Evovulus alsinoides Linn. Convolvulaceae Wh ole plant Headache, brain tonic, vomiting, diabetes, weakness 67. Dudhi Euphorbia hirta Linn. Euphorbiaceae Root,leaf Caugh, dysentery, Anti -asthmatic ,milk secretion, fodder 68. Dumar Ficus racemosa L. Moraceae Leaf, fruit, milk, root Leucorrhoea, pile s, Stomach pain, dysentery, fiver, ulcer 69. Gular Ficus glomerata Roxb. Moraceae Fruit Milkey latex Diabetes , asthma, piles, urinary problem 70 Amarbel Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Convolvulaceae Whole plant Cojunctivitis , respiratory disorder, piles ,ulcer, stomach problem, swelling of eye 71. Shisham Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Fabaceae Oil, leave, whole plant Skin disorder, toothache , eye aliments, burning sensation, carpentry work 72. Fern Dryopteris filixmas L. Polypodiaceae Rhizome Anthelmintic 73. Dhatu ra Dhatura strumoniun L. Solanaceae Leaves whole plant Eye problem, asthma, arthritis, headache, male impotency, cultural use 74. Doobghas Cynodon Dactylon linn. Poaceae Leaves, whole plants Leucorrhoea, excessive pus formation, piles, epilepsy, nasel bleeding, cancer, eczema, eye and mouth problem ,headache, urinary problem , paper making, fodder 75. Brahmi, Brahmni Centella asitica (L)urban Apiaceae Leaf, whole plant Insomnia, enhance memory, hair anxiety , b.p. problem ,chicken pox 76. Mitha neem patti Murraya koenigii (L.) Sprengel Rutaceae Root, leaf Treatment of anemia, vomiting, wound, hair loss, vegitable 77. Kaner Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) kschum Apocynaceae Leaf,flower Worship, toothache, healing, cut and wound 78. Palas Butea mnosperma (Lamk) Taub. Fabaceae Gum ,root, seed,flower Night blindness, eye disorder, epilepsy, diarrhea, eczema, arthritis, abdominal worm, cataract, worship, dyes 79. Kachnar Bauhinia variegate L. Fabaceae Buds, bark ,flower Constipation, antiseptic, stomatitis ,piles 80. Ratti Abrus precatorius. Fabaceae Seed Snake bite, fiver Research Journal of Biological Sciences ___________________________________________________________ ISSN 2278-3202 Vol. 4(6), 36-43, June (2015) Int. Res. J. Biological Sci. International Science Congress Association 42 S. no. Common name Botanical name Family Parts used Ethnobotanical /medicinal uses Linn. 81. Hadjor Cissus quadrangularis (L.) Wall Vitaceae Stem Fracture 82. Safedmusli Chlorophytum tubrosum Baker Araceae Root Tuberculosis, male impotency, tonic 83. Kochai Colocasia esu lenta (L.) Schott. Araceae Leaves corm Vegetable, constipation, weakness ,alopecia 84. Jamun Syzygium cumini L. Myrtaceae Fruit,bark,seed,leaf Piles, diabetes, loose motion, eye and ear problem, Syphilis, vomiting, lever swelling, furniture 85. Ashwagand h a Withnania Somnifera Dunal. Solanaceae Leaves,root,whole plant Cough, stimulant, arthritis, ulcer 86. Giloy Tinospora cardifalia (Wild.) Menispermaceae Wholeplant Piles, eye problem, fiver, jaundice, arthritis 87. Imli Tamarindus indica Linn. Caesalpin iacae Leaves, bark, seeds, wood Scorpion bite, scabies, stomach pain, furniture 88. Adusa Adhatoda vasica Linn. Acanthaceae Leaves, root, whole plant Asthma, urinary problem, piles, cough, 89. Chironji Buchanania lanzan Spr. Anacardiaceae Seed, leaf App lied on cut, wound and eczema Conclusion Focusing on the present day situation of ever increasing exploitation of plants and natural resources the main reason for showing interest towards ethnobotany is its vast outcome that is beneficial for every living being. Nature has gifted us with large plant diversity that can be brought into much sustainable use. This study will provide different new information of such uses and how to continue using it in future. References1.Principle P., Monetizing the Pharmacological Benefits of plants. US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC, 1991, (2005)2.Lewis W.H. and Elwin Lewis M.P., Medical Botany Plants Affecting Human Health, John Wiley and sons, New York, 812, (2003)3.Singh K.K., Saha S and Maheshwari J.K., Ethnobotanical use of some fern amongst the Tribal area of Utter Pradesh, Indian fern Journal,6, 66-67 (1998)4.Dhiman, A.K. 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