International Research Journal of Biological Sciences ___________________________________ ISSN 2278-3202Vol. 4(6), 10-15, June (2015) Int. Res. J. Biological Sci. International Science Congress Association 10 Trees and Shrubs of Saharanpur, India, Botanical Garden Vijai Malik Department of Botany, Maharaj Singh College, Saharanpur, U.P. INDIA Available online at: www.isca.in, www.isca.me Received 11th April 2015, revised 21st May 2015, accepted 8th June 2015 Abstract The study records the occurrence and enumeration of 235 dendroids belonging to 168 genera and 39 families in Saharanpur Botanical Garden. Out of the 235 species reported, trees are represented by 173 plants followed by 59 shrubs and 3 climbers. Moraceae are having the predominance in this garden. Keywords: Trees, shrubs, Saharanpur, U.P.Introduction Saharanpur lies between latitude 29°58' N and longitude 77°33' E in the upper Gangetic plain. It is the northernmost district of U.P. It enjoys a tropical climate. The Saharanpur botanical garden (presently known as Horticultural Experiment and Training Centre, Saharanpur) has been a very beautiful garden during British period. It was started in 1779 when muslim rular Zabita Khan decided to spend the revenue of seven villages on the maintenance of garden at Saharanpur. East India Company acquired this garden in 1817 and George Govan was the first Superintendent of the Saharanpur botanical Garden. He was followed by John Forbes Royle 1823. "The greatest triumphs of this garden may be considered the introduction of the tea-plant from China, a fact I allude to, as many of my English readers may not be aware that the establishment of the tea-trade in the Himalaya and Assam is almost entirely the work of the superintendents of the gardens of Calcutta and Seharunpore (J. D. Hooker)." John Firminger Duthie (1845-1922) was an English botanist and explorer. From 1875 to 1903 he was the Superintendent of Saharanpur Botanical Gardens. He collected plants from Kumoan, Kashmir and gangetic plain which resulted in compilation and completion of the “Flora of upper gangetic plain”. His main plant collector was Inayat Khan. Botanical survey of India was established on 13th February, 1890 at Howrah to assess the potential of country's botanical profile. In northern region Saharanpur Botanical garden became one of the premier centers for taxonomical research. Historically Saharanpur Botanical garden is seen at second number after Indian Botanic garden, Calcutta in terms of national significance and vast plant collection, floristic studies, taxonomic research including introduction and acclimatization of various plants of economic importance. At present this garden is Horticultural Experiment and Training Centre of U.P. government and it has a large nursery for conducting horticultural experiments on several plants like mango, guava, litchi and many ornamental plants. During fields surveys and floristic studies author collected 235 trees, shrubs and climbers. Material and Methods In the course of investigation of hundreds visit, the entire garden was frequently surveyed. Several attempts were made for collection and study in different seasons. Many trees and dendroids specimen were collected, processed, preserved and mounted on herbarium sheets following the standard herbarium techniques. The dried and fresh specimens were identified using several legal deeds like Duthie’s Flora of the upper gangetic plain, Flora of British India, Kanjilal’s ‘Forest flora of Chakrata’, Dehradun and Saharanpur forest division, Indian Trees, Flora of Delhi and Delta software. The herbarium sheets are preserved in the Department of Botany, Maharaj Singh College; Saharanpur (C.C.S. University, Meerut). Analysis and list of various taxa are given in table-1. Table-1 Analysis of various taxaS. No. Name of Family Number of genera Number of species 1 Caesalpiniaceae 06 13 2 Mimosaceae 09 15 3 Papilionaceae 10 13 4 Myrtaceae 04 11 5 Moraceae 04 17 Results and Discussion Discussion: During fields surveys author collected hundreds of plants and recorded 235 dendroid species including 173 trees, 59 shrubs and 3 climbers. The dominant species in this garden are Sterculia alata, Sweteinia mahogni, Tectona grandis, Shorea robusta, Bischofia javanica, Albizia sp, Ficus spp. Acacia sp.etc. Some species like Haematoxylon campechianum,Drypetes sepiarea, Sterculia acerifolia, Santalum album, Dillenia indica, Encephalortos humulis, Taxodiummacronatum etc are represented by one or two specimen. Many specimens of branched Cycas may be seen growing in this garden. Besides, this garden houses rare specimen of male Cycas (Cycas Research Journal of Biological Sciences ___________________________________________________________ ISSN 2278-3202 Vol. 4(6), 10-15, June (2015) Int. Res. J. Biological Sci. International Science Congress Association 11 circinalis). This garden is the type locality of Derris scandensvar. saharanpurensis. This woody climber is endemic to Saharanpur8,9. Many of the exotic species were introduced during last few centuries for commercial, experimental and ornamental exploitationsSwietenia mahagoni was introduced into India in 1796 for experimental purposes. Few fine specimen of this plant along with other exotics can be seen in this Garden10 which needs proper conservation and protection Thuja sp, Juniperus sp., Cycas spp, Agathis sp., Pinus sp.,Encephalortos sp., Taxodium sp., Araucaria sp., etc are some of the gymnospermic representative in this garden.Table-2 List of plantsBinomial Family Habit Acacia auriculiformis Benth. Mimosaceae Tree Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd. Mimosaceae Tree Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. Mimosaceae Tree Achras z apota L. Syn. Manilkara zapota (L.) Royen Sapotaceae Tree Adenthera pavonina L. Papilionaceae Tree Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. Rutaceae Tree Agathis robusta (C. Moore ex F. Muell.) Bailey Araucariaceae Tree Alangium lamarkii Thw. Alangiaceae Tree Albizi a lebbeck (L.) Benth. Mimosaceae Tree Albizia lucida (Roxb.)Benth. Mimosaceae Tree Albizia odoratissima (L.f.) Benth. Mimosaceae Tree Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth. Mimosaceae Tree Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br. Apocynaceae Tree Amoora rohituca (Roxb.) Wight and Arn. Meliaceae Tree Anogeissus latifolia (Roxb.) Wall. Combretaceae Tree Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb)Miq . Syn Neolamarkia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser Rubiaceae Tree Araucaria bidwilii Hook. Araucariaceae Tree Araucaria columnaris (G. Forst.) Hook. Araucariaceae Tree Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. Moraceae Tree Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb. Moraceae Tree Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn. Lecythidaceae Tree Bauhinia purpurea L. Caesalpiniaceae Tree Bauhinia triandra Lam. Caesalpiniaceae Shrub Bauh inia variegata L. Caesalpiniaceae Tree Bischofia javanica BI. Euphorbiaceae Tree Bombax ceiba L. Bombacaceae Tree Bombax malabaricum DC. Bombacaceae Tree Borassus flabellifer L. Arecaceae Shrub Breynia vitis - idea ( Burm. f.) Fisch. Euphorbiaceae Shrub Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent. Moraceae Tree Butea frondosa Roxb. ex Willd. Papilionaceae Tree Buxus wallichiana Baill. Euphorbiaceae Shrub Caesalpinia sappan L. Caesalpiniaceae Tree Calliandra haematocephala Hassk. Mimosaceae Shrub Callicarpa m acrophylla Vahl. Verbenaceae Shrub Callistemon lanceolatum (Sm.) Sweet . Myrtaceae Shrub Capparis sepiaria L. Capparidaceae Shrub Capparis horrida L.f. Capparidaceae Shrub Careya arborea Roxb. Lecythidaceae Tree Caryota urens L. Arecaceae Tree Caseari a tomentosa Roxb. Samydaceae Tree Casimiroa edulis La Llave Rutaceae Tree Cassia fistula L. Caesalpiniaceae Tree Cassia glauca Lam. Caesalpiniaceae Tree Cassia nodosa Buch - Ham. Caesalpiniaceae Tree Research Journal of Biological Sciences ___________________________________________________________ ISSN 2278-3202 Vol. 4(6), 10-15, June (2015) Int. Res. J. Biological Sci. International Science Congress Association 12 Cassia roxburghii DC. Syn. Cassia marginata Roxb. Cae salpiniaceae Tree Cassia siamea Lam. Caesalpiniaceae Tree Casuarina equisetifolia L. Casuarinaceae Tree Cedrela toona Roxb. ex Rottler Meliaceae Tree Celtis australis L. Ulmaceae Tree Chorisia speciosa A. - St. Hil. Bombacaceae Tree Chukrasia tabularis A. Juss. Meliaceae Tree Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl Lauraceae Tree Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle Rutaceae Shrub Citrus limon (L.) Berm. f. Rutaceae Shrub Citrus maxima (Burm.) Osbeck Rutaceae Shrub Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck Rutaceae Sh rub Clausena lanceolatum (Lour.) Skeels Rutaceae Shrub Clerodendrum infortunatum Gaertn. Verbenaceae Shrub Coffea bengalensis Roxb. Rubiaceae Shrub Cordia crenata Del. Boraginaceae Tree Cordia myxa L. Syn. Cordia domestica Roth. Boraginaceae Tree Crat aeva reliogiosa G. Forst. Capparidaceae Tree Crescentia cujete L. Bignoniaceae Tree Cycas circinalis L. Cycadaceae Tree Cycas revoluta Thunb. Cycadaceae Tree Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Papilionaceae Tree Delonix regia (Boj. ex Hook.) Rafin. Caesalpiniace ae Tree Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro Bambusaceae Tree Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees Bambusaceae Tree Derris scandens (Roxb.) Benth. var. saharanpurensis (Thoth.) Thoth. Papilionaceae Climber Dillenia indica L. Dilleniaceae Tree Dillenia pentagy na Roxb. Dilleniaceae Tree Diospyros embryopteris Pers. Ebenaceae Tree Diospyros montana Roxb. Ebenaceae Tree Diploknema butyracea ( Roxb.)H.J.Lam. Sapotaceae Tree Dombeya spectabilis Bojer . Malvaceae Shrub Drypetes seperia (Wight and Arn.)Pax and K. Ho ffm. Putranjivaceae Tree Durenta inermis L. Verbenaceae Shrub Ehretia acuminata R.Br. Boraginaceae Tree Ehretia laevis Roxb. Boraginaceae Tree Elaeodendron glaucum Pers. Celastraceae Tree Emblica officinalis Gaertn. Euphorbiaceae Tree Encephalartos h umilis Verd. Zamiaceae Shrub Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong Mimosaceae Tree Erythrina blakei Parker Papilionaceae Shrub Erythina suberosa Roxb. Papilionaceae Tree Erythrina indica Lam. Syn. Erythrina variegata L. Papilionaceae Tree Eucal yptus citriodora Hook. Myrtaceae Tree Eucalyptus hybrida Maiden. Myrtaceae Tree Eucalyptus robusta Sm. Myrtaceae Tree Eucalyptus salinga Sm. Myrtaceae Tree Eugenia brasiliensis Lam. Myrtaceae Tree Ficus benghalensis L. Moraceae Tree Ficus benjamina L. Moraceae Tree Ficus carica L. Moraceae Tree Ficus glomerata Roxb. Syn. Ficus racemosa L. Moraceae Tree Ficus hispida L.f. Moraceae Tree Ficus krishnae C. DC. Moraceae Tree Ficus lecor Buch. - Ham. Moraceae Tree Research Journal of Biological Sciences ___________________________________________________________ ISSN 2278-3202 Vol. 4(6), 10-15, June (2015) Int. Res. J. Biological Sci. International Science Congress Association 13 Ficus mysorensis B. Heyne ex Roth. Moracea e Tree Ficus pumila L. Moraceae Tree Ficus religiosa L. Moraceae Tree Ficus retusa L. Moraceae Tree Flacourtia cataphracta Roxb.ex Willd. Flacourtiaceae Shrub Flacourtia indica (Berm.f.) Merr. Flacourtiaceae Shrub Gardenia latifolia Schltdl. ex Hook . f. Rubiaceae Shrub Gardenia thunbergia L. f. Rubiaceae Shrub Gelonium multiflorum A.Juss. Euphorbiaceae Shrub Gigantichloa albociliata (Munro) Kurz Bambusaceae Tree Gleditsia triacanthos L. Papilionaceae Shrub Gmelina arborea Roxb. Verbenaceae Tree Grevillea robusta A. Cunn. Proteaceae Tree Grewia asiatica L. Tiliaceae Shrub Haematoxylon campechianum L. Mimosaceae Tree Haldinia cordifolia Hook.f. ex Brandis Rubiaceae Tree Hamelia patens Jacq. Rubiaceae Shrub Haplophragma adenophyllum (Wall.)P. Dop Bignoniaceae Tree Heloptelia integrifolia (Roxb.) Planch. Ulmaceae Tree Hibiscus rosa - sinensis L. Malvaceae Shrub Holarrhena antidysentrica (G.Don)Wall ex A.DC. Apocynaceae Tree Hymenodictyon excelsum (Roxb.) Wall. Rubiaceae Tree Ixora coccinia L. Rubiaceae Shrub Ixora parviflora Lam. Rubiaceae Shrub Jacaranda mimosifolia D.Don Mimosaceae Tree Juniperus chinensis L. Araucariaceae Tree Kigelia pinnata (Jacq.) DC.Syn. Crescentia pinnata Jacq Bignoniaceae Tree Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm. Sapin daceae Tree Lagerstroemia indica L. Lythraceae Tree Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. Lythraceae Tree Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. Syn. Lagerstroemia flos - reginae Retz. Lythraceae Tree Lantana camara L. Verbenaceae Shrub Lantana indica Roxb. Verbena ceae Shrub Lawsonia inermis L. Lythraceae Shrub Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit Mimosaceae Tree Lichi chinensis Sonn. Sapindaceae Tree Livistona chinensis (Jacquin) R.Br. ex Martius Arecaceae Tree Madhuca longifolia (J. Koenig ex L.) J.F. Macbr. Sapotaceae Tree Magnolia grandiflora L. Magnoliaceae Shrub Mangifera indica L. Anacardiaceae Tree Melaleuca leucadendron L. Myrtaceae Tree Melia azedarach L. Meliaceae Tree Mellotus philippensis (Lam.) Mull. Arg. Euphorbiaceae Tree Michelia champaka L. Magnoliaceae Tree Milletia ovalifolia Kurz. Syn. Milletia peguensis Ali Papilionaceae Tree Milletia tetraptera Kurz Papilionaceae Tree Millingtonia hortensis L. Bignoniaceae Tree Mimusops elengi L. Sapotaceae Tree Mimusops hexandra Roxb.Syn. Manilka ra hexandra (Roxb.) Dubard Sapotaceae Tree Mitragyna parviflora (Roxb.) Korth. Rubiaceae Tree Moringa oleifera Lam. Moringaceae Tree Morus alba L. Moraceae Tree Morus nigra L. Moraceae Tree Murraya exotica L. Rutaceae Shrub Nandina domestica Thunb. B erberidaceae Shrub Research Journal of Biological Sciences ___________________________________________________________ ISSN 2278-3202 Vol. 4(6), 10-15, June (2015) Int. Res. J. Biological Sci. International Science Congress Association 14 Nephelium glabrum (Blume) Cambess. Sapotaceae Tree Nolina recurvata (Lam.) Hemsl. Asparagaceae Shrub Nyctanthes arbor - tristis L. Nyctanginaceae Shrub Olea europea L. Oleaceae Shrub Oroxylum indicum (L.) Benth. Bignoniaceae Tree Park insonia aculeata L. Caesalpiniaceae Tree Parmentiara cereifera Seem. Bignoniaceae Tree Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) Baker ex k.Heyne Caesalpiniaceae Tree Phoenix dactylifera L. Arecaceae Tree Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. Euphorbiaceae Shrub Phyllos tachys nigra (Lodd. ex Lindle) Munro Bambusaceae Tree Pinus roxburghii Sargent Pinaceae Tree Piper longum L. Piperaceae Shrub Pithecolobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. Mimosaceae Tree Plumeria acuminata W.T.Ait. Syn. Plumeria rubra L. Apocynaceae Tree Plumer ia alba L. Apocynaceae Tree Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.)Thw . Annonaceae Shrub Polyalthia suberosa (Roxb.) Thwaites Annonaceae Tree Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre Syn P. glabra Vent. Papilionaceae Tree Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC Mimosaceae Tree Prunus amygdalus Stokes Rosaceae Shrub Prunus domestica L. Rosaceae Shrub Prunus persica (L.) Batsch Rosaceae Shrub Psidium cattleianum Sabine Myrtaceae Tree Psidium gujava L. Myrtaceae Tree Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. Papilionaceae Tree Pterospermum acerif olium (L.) Willd. Sterculiaceae Tree Pterospermum lanceolatum Lign. and Le Bey Sterculiaceae Tree Punica granatum L. Punicaceae Shrub Putranjiva roxburghii Wall. Putranjivaceae Tree Pyrus communis L. Rosaceae Tree Pyrus sinensis Bailey Rosaceae Tree Quisqualis indica L. Combretaceae Climber Rhus succedanea L. Anacardiaceae Tree Ricinus communis L. Euphorbiaceae Shrub Roystonea regia (Kunth)Cook Syn. Oreodoxa regia H.B. and K. Arecaceae Tree Santalum album L. Santalaceae Tree Santalum lanceolatum R .Br. Santalaceae Tree Sapindus trifoliatus L. Sapindaceae Tree Saraca indica L. Syn. S. asoca (Roxb.) Wilde. Papilionaceae Tree Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi. Anacardiaceae Shrub Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Merr Syn. Pistasia oleosa Lour. Sapindaceae T ree Schotia brachypetala Sond. Caesalpiniaceae Shrub Scolopia crenata (Wt. and Arn.) Clos. Flacourtiaceae Tree Shorea robusta Gaertn. Dipterocarpaceae Tree Spathodea companulata P. Beaw. Bignoniaceae Shrub Sterculia acerifolia A. Cunn. Sterculiaceae Tr ee Sterculia alata Roxb. Syn. Pterygota alata (Roxb.) R.Br. Sterculiaceae Tree Streblus asper Lour. Moraceae Tree Strychnos nux - vomica L. Logainaceae Tree Sweitenia macrophylla King Meliaceae Tree Sweitenia mahogani (L.) Jacq. Meliaceae Tree Syzygium cumini (L.)Skeels Syn. Eugenia Jambolana Lam. Myrtaceae Tree Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston Myrtaceae Tree Tabebuia rosea (Bertol.) DC. Bignoniaceae Tree Research Journal of Biological Sciences ___________________________________________________________ ISSN 2278-3202 Vol. 4(6), 10-15, June (2015) Int. Res. J. Biological Sci. International Science Congress Association 15 Tabernaemontana divaricata (L.) R.Br. ex Roem. and Schult. Apocynaceae Shrub Tamarindus indica L. M imosaceae Tree Taxodium mucronatum Ten. Taxodiaceae Tree Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth Bignoniaceae Tree Tecomella undulata D. Don Bignoniaceae Tree Tectona grandis L. Verbenaceae Tree Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.)W. and A. Combretaceae Tree Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb . Combretaceae Tree Terminalia chebula Retz. Combretaceae Tree Thevetia nerifolia Juss. ex Stued. Apocynaceae Shrub Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) K. Schum. Apocynaceae Shrub Thuja occidentalis L. Cupressaceae Tree Thuja orientali s L. Cupressaceae Tree Thunbergia coccinia Wall. ex D. Don Thunbergiaceae Climber Trema orientalis Blume Ulmaceae Tree Trewia nudiflora L. Ulmaceae Tree Vitex negundo L. Verbanaceae Shrub Washingtonia filifera (Lindl.) Wendl. Arecaceae Tree Woodfordia fruiticosa (L.) Kurz Lythraceae Shrub Wrightia coccinia (Roxb. ex Hornem) Sims Apocynaceae Tree Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb.) R.Br. Apocynaceae Tree Wrightia tomentosa Roem and Schult. Syn. W. arborea (Dennst.) Mabb. Apocynaceae Tree Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. Syn. Z. Jujuba Mill. Rhamnaceae Shrub Ziziphus nummularia (Burm. f.) Wight and Arn. Rhamnaceae Shrub Ziziphus oenoplia (L.) Mill. Rhamnaceae Shrub Conclusion Botanical garden facilitates botanical research on native flora and collection of plants for taxonomical studies. This garden is ecologically beneficial and aesthetically pleasing. The floristic study of this garden will be useful for students, researchers, teachers, consrevationalist and those who are beginners and interested in plant taxonomy. Since Moraceae predominate this garden, opening of an oxygen garden may be encouraged here. A large nursery for conducting horticultural experiments is here. Arboretum specializing for pinetum, salicetums (willows), populetums, quercetums, bambusetum etc may be developed in this garden. Seedlings of several dendroid plant species like, Sweteinia mahogni, Derris scansens etc were poorly observed during the course of this study, which indicate threats for these plants and hence garden. Previously it has more scientifically planned collections of trees and shrubs but now many old specimens are under several kinds of threat. Perhaps these threats are due to overlooking of these plants. So development of well equipped tissue laboratory for conservation of those plants which are under threat may conserve and preserve the botanical profile this garden. References 1.Jain S.K. and Rao R.R., A Handbook of Field and Herbarium Methods, Today and Tomorrows Pub., New Delhi, (1978)2.Duthie J.F., Flora of the Upper Gangetic Plain and of the Adjacent Siwalik and Sub-Himalayan Tract, Calcutta, India, (1903-1929)3.Hooker J.D., The Flora of British India, Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun, India, (1876) 4.Brandis D., Indian Trees (Rep. Ed. 1921). London, (1906)5.Maheshwari J.K., The flora of Delhi, CSIR, New Delhi, (1963) 6.http://delta-intkey.com, (2015) 7.Kanjilal U.N., Forest flora of Chakrata, Dehradun and Saharanpur forest division. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun, (1928)8.Khanna K.K., Endemic plants of Uttar Pradesh (Angiosperms), Phytotaxonomy, 1, 71-75 (2001)9.Srivastava S.K., Plant diversity and conservation strategies of Uttar Pradesh, Phytotaxonomy, 11, 45-62 2011)10.Malik V., Mohammad I. and Pranita, Enumeration of exotic plants of western Uttar Pradesh, Indian Forester, 138(11), 1033-1040 (2012)