@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Influence of Temperature on Breeding of Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) in the station of Fish Farming of Deroua, Beni Mellal/Morocco<#LINE#>S@Adamadey,H@Abba,M@Benabid,N@Gmira,M@Droussi<#LINE#>1-5<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-013.pdf<#LINE#>Laboratory of Biodiversity, Forest School of the Engineers, Salé MOROCCO @ Laboratory of Genius of Environment and Agrobiotech, Higher School of Technology/ Khènifra, Khénifra, My Ismail University, MOROCCO @ National Center of Hydrobiology and Pisciculture, (CNHP) 53100, Azrou, MOROCCO @ Laboratory of Biodiversity and Natural resources, Sciences Faculty, Ibn Tofail University, Kénitra, MOROCCO @ Station Fish Farming of Deroua, (CNHP) Beni Mellal, MOROCCO <#LINE#>14/1/2014<#LINE#>2/12/2014<#LINE#>To estimate the growth of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, L, 1758) at the level of the station of Déroua (Blessed Mellal / Morocco) and the influence of the environmental factors, an experimental study was led in 2007 on alevins raised at the level of two ponds (C and C) the average depth of which is of 1,5m and a surface of 1500 m2. Ponds in question were empoisoned by alevins of 4g on average, with a density of 5individus / m². The obtained results(profits) show that the growth is positively influenced by the temperature, and has increase 1 %, every time we pass of a range of temperature to another superior among the following ranges (16 - 20°C), (21 - 24°C) and (25 - 28°C). The obtained average immediate growth was 1 %. Models of weight growth (Y= 77, 97 e0, 012t) and shelf space (Y= 62, 49 t0, 288) according to time and the relation size / weight (P = 0, 0392 L 2,763) were determined from the data of the essays made in 2005 and 2006 in the station of Deroua. <#LINE#> @ @ FAO.,  La situation mondiale des pêches et de l’aquaculture, (2012) @No $ @ @ Arrignon J.,Aménagement piscicole des eaux douces,  589 (1998) @No $ @ @ Chaker Y., La détermination des indicateurs socio-économiques de la pêche continentale au Maroc, Mémoire de 3ème cycle, ENFI, Salé, 123 (2004) @No $ @ @ Hasnaoui M., Kassila J., Droussi M., Loudiki M. and Balvay G, Relation Cyanobactéries - Hypophthalmichthys molitrix dans un étang de polyculture en climat semi-aride, 15), 137-152 (2002) @No $ @ @ Massoni C. et Missante G. La plaine de Thdla, Les Cahiers de la Recherche Agronomique, 24, 63-I 94 (1967) @No $ @ @ Baras E and Mélard C, Individual growth patterns of juvenile Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.), Emergence and dynamics of sexual growth dimorphism, In:  Fitzsimmons K. (Ed.), Tilapia aquaculture,  Northeast Regional Agricultural Engineering Service, 106, 169-177 (1997) @No $ @ @ Melard Ch., Les bases biologiques de l'élevage intensif du tilapia du Nil, Cahiers d'Ethologie appliquée, Fasc., 3,6, 224 (1986) @No $ @ @ Abba H., Etude écologique et biologique de la truite commune (Salmo trutta macrostigma, Dumeril, 1858) de l’Oued Sidi Rachid (Ifrane Maroc), Thèse de Doct. Univ. Ibn. Tofail. Fac. Sc. Kenitra Maroc.,  205 (2011) @No $ @ @ Boyd C.E.  and Tucker C.S., Pond aquaculture water quality management, Boston Dordrecht London, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 700, (1998) @No $ @ @ Halvorsen H. and Svenning M.A., Growth of Atlantic salmon parr in fluvial and lacustrine habitats, J. Fish Biol., 57, 145-160 (2000) @No $ @ @ Ouattaran N.I., N Doubay V., Kone T., Snoeks J.  and  Phillippart  J.C., Performances de croissance d’une souche isolée du Tilapia estuarien Sarotherodon melanotheron (Perciformes, Cichlidae) en bassins en béton, en étangs, en terre et en cages flottantes, (2005) @No 
<#LINE#>A Comparative Quality analysis of Banana (var palayamkodan)<#LINE#>L.@Sreedevi,Suma@Divakar<#LINE#>6-11<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-199.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Home Science, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, INDIA<#LINE#>28/8/2014<#LINE#>26/10/2014<#LINE#>The project entitled “Quality evaluation of organic ripe banana” was carried out with the objective to study and compare the quality characteristics of palayankodan variety cultivated by conventional and organic farming techniques. Physical characteristics, sensory qualities of fruit, shelf life, nutrient/chemical composition, anti nutrients and pesticide residue were the parameters investigated in the present study. With respect to physical characteristics- appearance , total number of hands/bunch and number of fruits per hand were on par among the treatments Pulp to peel ratio was higher in conventionally cultivated palayankodan variety  and this difference was statistically significant. As far as sensory qualities were concerned organic treatment depicted higher significant values for colour, texture and taste. Storage studies revealed uniform trends in the increase and decrease in ratings, among both treatments, throughout the period of storage. Moisture content of organic produce were significantly higher. Total minerals, calcium, and sodium were significantly higher in organically cultivated varieties. However pesticide residue analysis showed nil results. Hence it can be concluded that organic samples scored higher in sensory qualities (colour, texture and taste) and nutritional qualities (moisture and minerals) With respect to physical characteristics the values were on par in both the samples. Shelf life studies revealed similar trends in both organic and conventional produce. <#LINE#> @ @ Pratt S.H., Study of advanced maturity stages of banana, International journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Studies, 1(3), 272-274 (2012) @No $ @ @ A.O.A.C., Official and tentative methods of analysis, Association of official analytical chemists, 15th ed Inc., Arlington V.A, 381 (1990) @No $ @ @ A.O.A.C., Official and tentative methods of analysis, Association of official analytical chemists,14th ed Washington DC, 156 (1984) @No $ @ @ Sadasivam S. and Manikam A., Biochemical methods for agricultural sciences, Wiley eastern limited and Tamilnadu Agricultural University publication, Coimbatore, 11-20 (1992) @No $ @ @ Raghuramulu N., Nair M.K and Kalyanasundaram S., A manual of laboratory techniques, NIN, 421 (1983) @No $ @ @ Jackson M.L., Soil chemists analysis, 2nd ed. Prentice hall of India (pvt) ltd, New Delhi, 131-150 (1973) @No $ @ @ Sharma A., A textbook of food Science and technology, International book distributing company, Lucknow, 56, (2001) @No $ @ @ Ranganna S., Handbook of analysis and quality of fruit and vegetable products, 2nd ed., Tata Mcgraw hill publishing comp ltd, India, 112 (2001) @No $ @ @ Anastassiades M., AOAC. Int., 86, 412-431 (2003) @No $ @ @ Aguyoh J.N., Audi W., Saidi M and Gao K., Growth, yield and quality response of water melon subjected to different levels of manure, Int.J.Agric.Res, 9(2), 12-15 (2004) @No $ @ @ Sams E., Preharvest factors affecting post harvest texture, Post harvest soil.Technol.,15, 249-254 (1999) @No $ @ @ Rupiah R. and Vidyasagar T., Preharvest treatment in pear fruits, Effects of ripening, colour change and volatiles, J. Am. Society. Hort. Sci.,108, 1048-1049 (2009) @No $ @ @ Palmer J.K., The banana, The biochemistry of fruits and their products, J.Amer.Chem.Soc.,15, 2439-2443 (1984) @No $ @ @ Fadni H., Effect of banana in ascetic carcinoma-a study conducted on rats, J. food comp. Anal., 16, 3-19 (2003) @No $ @ @ Hang A., Tiustos P., Szakora J. and Balik J., The influence of organic fertiliser application on phosphorous and potassium bio availability, 54, 247-254 (2008) @No $ @ @ Akoe S., Lutin B.J. and Seina D., Nitrogen fertilizer influenced harvest index of plantain, 20, 67-74 (2000) @No $ @ @ Crinnion J., Chlorinated pesticides, Threats to health and importance of detection, Environmental medicine, 14(4),347-359 (2009) @No   
<#LINE#>Quantitative analysis of Lead (Pb) in Soil and Grass Grown along Road side with Low, Medium and High Traffic Intensity<#LINE#>Sahar@Hassan,Ahmad@Zaira<#LINE#>12-21<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-217.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Environmental Science, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road Lahore, PAKISTAN<#LINE#>1/10/2014<#LINE#>28/12/2014<#LINE#>  The current study was designed to quantify the concentration of Pb in soil and grass samples along different roadsides in and near Lahore, Pakistan. The purpose of the study was to analyze the impact of Pb pollution because of vehicular exhaust. For this reason roads with different traffic intensity and a control site were selected which include: G.T. Road, Mall Road, Cantt Colony and Lawrence Garden. Samples were collected during the months of April to June, 2013 from 1 to 2 pm using composite sampling methodology. Soil samples were analyzed for physical parameters including pH, electrical conductivity and moisture content. Standardized procedures were used for samples pre-treatment and then analyzed on Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer for the analysis of Pb. Results were also compared with WHO (1996) permissible limits for Pb. Results had shown that Pb pollution was found significantly above the WHO permissible limit in both soil and grass samples along all roads except Lawrence garden (Control site). Comparison among sampling sites had shown that mean levels of Pb in soil samples along Mall Road were highest which could be attributed to the fact of increasing traffic congestion on the road. Whereas mean levels of Pb in grass samples were highest along G.T. Road. Different correlation patterns were observed in concentration of Pb in soil and its uptake by grass with highest correlation (r = 0.833) in samples from G.T. Road. It was therefore concluded from the study that Pb pollution from vehicular exhaust has become a growing ecological concern especially for urban areas.<#LINE#> @ @ Ahmad S. and Erum S., Integrated assessment of heavy metals pollution along motorway M-2, Soil and Environ.,110 -116 (2010) @No $ @ @ Suzuki K., Yabuki T. and Ono Y., Roadside Rhododendron pulchrum leaves as bioindicators of heavy metal pollution in traffic areas of Okayama, Japan, Environ Monit Assess., 149(1-4), 133- 41 (2008) @No $ @ @ Yekeen T.A. and Onifade T.O., Evaluation of some Heavy Metals in Soils along a Major Road in Ogbomoso, South West Nigeria, Journal of Environment and Earth Science., 2(8), 2224- 3216 (2012) @No $ @ @ Lenart A. and Wolny-Ko\nadka K., The Effect of Heavy Metal Concentration and Soil pH on the Abundance of Selected Microbial Groups Within Arcelor Mittal Poland Steelworks in Cracow, Bull Environ Contam Toxicol., 90(1), 85- 90 (2013) @No $ @ @ Lionetto M.G., Calisi A. and Schettino T., Earthworm Biomarkers as Tools for Soil,  In Soil Health and Land Use Management., 305-333 (2010) @No $ @ @ Zaltauskait J. and Sodiene I., Effects of total cadmium and lead concentrations in soil on the growth, reproduction and survival of earthworm Eiseniafetida, Ekologija., 56, 10-16 (2010) @No $ @ @ Berthelot Y., Valton E., Auroy A., Trottier B. and Robidoux P.Y., Integration of toxicological and chemical tools to assess the bioavailability of metals and energetic compounds in contaminated soils, Chemosphere.,74, 166 -177 (2008) @No $ @ @ Luilo G.B. and Othman O.C., Lead Pollution in Urban Roadside Environments of Dar es Salam City, Tanzania Journal of Science Department of Chemistry., 32, 61 -67 (2006) @No $ @ @ Yan X., Zhang F., Zeng C., Zhang M., Devkota L. P. and Yao T., Relationship between Heavy Metal Concentrations in Soils and Grasses of Roadside Farmland in Nepal, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health., 9(9), 3209- 3226 (2012) @No $ @ @ Davies B.E., Loss on ignition as an estimate of soil organic matter,  Journal of Soil Science Society of America Proceedings., 38, 150-151 (1974) @No $ @ @ Abechi E.S., Okunola O.J., Zubairu S.M., Usman A.A. and Apene E., Evaluation of heavy metals in roadside soils of major streets in Jos metropolis, Nigeria. J. Environ. Chem. Ecotoxicol., , 98 -102 (2010) @No $ @ @ Pirzada H., Ahmad S.S., Rashid A. and Shah T., Multivariate Analysis of selected Roadside Plants Dalbergiasissoo and Cannabis sativa) for Lead Pollution Monitoring, Pak. J. Bot., 41(4), 1729- 1736 (2009) @No $ @ @ Kruger A.L., Accumulation and Toxicity of Lead in Soil along the Road Verges in the City of Cape Town, Applied Sciences Environmental Health Journal., 18-102 (2007) @No $ @ @ Olukanni D.O. and Adebiyi S.A., Assessment of Vehicular Pollution of Road Side Soils in Ota Metropolis, Ogun State, Nigeria, International Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 12(4), 40 -46 (2012) @No $ @ @ Farooq H., Jamil Y., Ahmad M.R., Khan M.A., Mahmood T., Mahmood Z. and Khan S.A., Lead Pollution Measurement Along National Highway and Motorway in Punjab, Pakistan, Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences., , 463-467 (2012) @No $ @ @ Hess R., A textbook of soil chemical analysis, New York, Chemical Publishing Company, New York (1971) @No
<#LINE#>Protective role of Murraya Koenigii and Citrus Medica leaf extract in Thyroxine treated Female Mice<#LINE#>Monika@Bokde,Shobha@Shrivastava<#LINE#>22-24<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-248.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Microbiology, MLB College, Bhopal, MP, INDIA <#LINE#>15/12/2014<#LINE#>10/2/2015<#LINE#>The effects of Murraya koenigii and Citrus medica leaves extract were studied to understand the interaction between the two extract in female mice model by using L-thyroxine. The analysis was done by using similar dose but the comparison was made with the response of individual plant extract. Serum level of T and T was increased by the oral administration of L-thyroxine (0.5mg/kg b.w) in albino mice to make them hyperthyroidic. However simultaneous administration of Murraya koenigii (83% and 7.6%) and Citrus medica (73% and 54%) reduce serum T and T level suggested that Citrus medica strongly suppress the serum level of thyroid hormones. These observations explain the hidden potential of the leaves extract in the regulation of thyroid hormones. <#LINE#> @ @ Shi Y, Ritchie J.W.A. and Taylor P.M., Complex regulation of thyroid hormone action: multiple opportunities for pharmacological intervention, Pharmacol. Therap., 94, 235-251 (2002) @No $ @ @ Rijnberk A, Kooistra H.S and Janmol A., Endocrine diseases in dogs and cats: similarities and differences with endocrine diseases in humans, Growth Horm. IGF Res.,13, 158-164 (2003) @No $ @ @ Goldman M.B., Thyroid diseases and breast cancer, Epidemil. Rev., 12, 16-28 (1990) @No $ @ @ Chakraborty D.P, Barma B.K and Bose P.K., On the constitution of murrayanine, a carbazole derivative isolated from Murraya koenigii Spreng, Tetrahedron., 21681 (1965) @No $ @ @ Kong Y.C., Ng K.H., But P.P., Zhang H.T., Cheng K.F., Soejarto D.D., Kan W.S. and Waterman P. G.2, Sources of the anti-implanation alkaloid in the genus Murraya, J. Ethnopharmacol., 15, 195-200 (1986) @No $ @ @ Tachibana Y, Kikuzaki H, Lajis N.H and Nakatani N., Antioxidative activity of carbazoles from Murrayakoenigiileaves, J. Agric. Food Chem., 49(11), 5589-5594 (2001) @No $ @ @ Tachibana Y, Kikuzaki H, Lajis N.H. and Nakatani N., Comparison of antioxidative properties of carbazole alkaloids from Murraya koenigiileaves, J. Agric. Food Chem., 51(22), 6461-6467 (2003) @No $ @ @ Nutan M.T.H,  Hasnat A and  Rashid M.A., Anti bacterial and cytotoxic activities of Murraya koenigii, Fitoterapia, 69(2), 173-175 (1998) @No $ @ @ Ramsewak R.S, Nair M.G, Strasburg G.M, De Witt D.L and  Nitiss J.L., Biologically active carbazoles alkaloids from Murraya koenigii, J. Agric. Food. Chem,47(2), 444-447 (1999) @No $ @ @ Arulselvan P, Senthilkumar G.P,  Sathishkumar D and Subramanian S., Anti-diabetic effect of Murraya koenigiileaves on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats, Pharmazie, 61, 874-877 (2006) @No $ @ @ Khan B.A., Abraham A. and  Leelamma S., Biochemical response in rats to the addition of curry leaf (Murraya koenigii) and mustard seeds (Brassic juncea) to the diet, PlantFoods Hum. Nutr, 49, 295-299 (1996) @No $ @ @ Khan B.A, Abraham A and Leelamma S., Murraya koenigiiand Brassica juncea-alterations on lipid profile in 1-2 dimethyl hydrazine induced colon carcinogenesis, Invest. New. Drugs,14(4), 365-369 (1996) @No $ @ @ Filomena C, Giancarlo A.S, Rosa T, Monica R.L and Francesco M., In vitro activities of Citrus medica L. cv. Diamante (Diamante citron) relevant to treatment of diabetes and Alzheimer's disease  Phytotherapy Res, 21(5), 427 (2007) @No $ @ @ Nicolosi E, Stefano L.M,  Mohamed E.O,  Moshe N and E.G. Eliezer, Hort. Science,40, 1963 (2005) @No $ @ @ Kirtikar K.R and Basu B.D, Indian medicinal plants, (Bhishan Pal singh- Mahendra Pal  Singh, Dehra dun), 485-490 (1983) @No $ @ @ Anonymous, The wealth of India raw materials, National Institute of Science communication and Information resourse , New Delhi, 619 (1992) @No $ @ @ Mortan J.F., Fruits of warm climate, Miami, Florida, 179-182 (1987) @No $ @ @ Nadkarni A.K, Indian Materia medica, Popular prakashan Bombay, (1), 348, (1996) @No $ @ @ Peter E.J, Peter B, Nes G and Asukwo., Physiochemical property and fungi toxicity of the essential of Citrus medica against groundnut storage fungi, Turk. J. Bot, 32, 161-164, (2008) @No $ @ @ Shrivastava S and Bokde M., Antithyroidal activity of Aegle marmelos, IndianJ.Applied and Pure Bio, 29(2), 207-210 (2014) @No $ @ @ Panda S and Kar A., Possible amelioration of hyperthyroidism by the leaf extract of Annona squamosa, Curr. Sci, 84(11), 1402-1404 (2003) @No $ @ @ Duntas L H., The role of selenium in thyroid autoimmunity and cancer, Thyroid, 16(5), 455-460 (2006) @No $ @ @ Kossler A, Hagmuller K and Winkler R., The effects of experimental hypo-and hyperthyroidism on blood viscosity and other blood parameters in the rat, Biorheology24(6), 769-774 (1987) @No $ @ @ Soukup T, Zacharova G, Smeredu V and  Jirmanova I., Body, heart, thyroid gland and skeletal muscle weight changes in rats with altered thyroid status, Physiol. Res, 50(6) ,619-626 (2001) @No $ @ @ Kahl S, Capuco A.V and Bitman J., Serum concentrations of thyroid hormones and extrathyroidal thyroxine 5_-monodeiodinase activity during lactation in rat, Proc Soc Exp Biol Med, 184(2), 144-150 (1987) @No $ @ @ Hideo K, Masamichi F, Tomoko N.M, Ken-Ichiro M and Akira T., Effect of Rose Bengal on serum levels of thyroid hormone and thyroid peroxidase activity in male mice, J  Toxicol Sci, 13(2), 61-70 (1988) @No 
<#LINE#>Elemental analysis of some Seasonal Plants of Maharashtra, India<#LINE#>R@Bhujbalrao,S@Damle,A@Thite,B@Krishnmurty<#LINE#>25-29<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-001.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Life Sciences, K.C. College, Mumbai, 400 020, INDIA <#LINE#>4/1/2015<#LINE#>20/2/2015<#LINE#>The importance of seasonal plants, especially monsoon grown plants, as preventive and curative therapeutic agents are long known. Some of them are also known to give nutritional benefits. The current research aims at investigating elemental composition of some dietary significant elements from plants under study. A total of six plants were studied in which three are predominantly available during monsoon season (seasonal plants) and rests three are available throughout the year (sll season plants). Amongst the plant studied, Amorphophallus commutatus (Shevra) showed high amounts of Potassium and copper and was the only plant under investigation, in which Zinc was detected. Thus it can be used as a good source of these elements, offering dietary benefits. However, high amounts of lead found in Basellarubra (Mayalu) could lead to health hazards. It is therefore necessary to conduct further investigations on the elemental composition of these plants if they are to be recommended in human diet for dietary benefits. <#LINE#> @ @ Kumar Ravishankar et al., Ethnopharmacology, Anti tumour activity of ethyl acetate extracts of Premmaherbacea Roxb, In Ehrlich’s ascetic carcinoma model, (2011) @No $ @ @ Carmen Cristina Elekes et al., The appreciation of mineral element accumulation level in some herbaceous plants species by ICP–AES method, Environmental Science and Pollution Research,17(6), 1230-1236 (2010) @No $ @ @ Almeida M. R., Flora of Maharashtra, Orient Press, India, I A, (2003) @No $ @ @ Almeida M. R., Flora of Maharashtra, Orient Press, India, II A, (2003) @No $ @ @ Almeida M. R., Flora of Maharashtra, Orient Press, India, Vol-III A, (2003) @No $ @ @ Almeida M. R., Flora of Maharashtra, Orient Press, India, Vol-IV A, (2003) @No $ @ @ Arun Kumar et al., Analysis of nutritional elements in Indian medicinal herbs used to cure general weakness, Natural Science 4(4), 211-215 (2012)  doi:10.4236/ns.2012.44032 @No $ @ @ Pavia D.L., Lampman G.M., Kriz G.S. and Engel R.G., Introduction to Organic Laboratory Techniques: A Microscale Approach 3rd Edition Saunders College Publishing: New York, NY, (l999) @No $ @ @ Kos V. et al.,  Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 354(5-6), 648-652 (1996) @No $ @ @ www.rsic.iitb.ac.in/Icp-Aes.html, (2014) @No $ @ @ Brody T., Nutritional Biochemistry, 2nd edition, San Diego, CA: Academic Press, (1994) @No $ @ @ Gbolahan D., Lesson note on medical importance of trace elements, Centre for natural health studies, (2001) @No $ @ @ WHO, Contaminants. In Codex Alimentarius, vol. XVII, Edition 1. FAO/WHO, Codex Alimentarius Commision, Rome, (1984) @No $ @ @ WHO, Quality Control Methods for Medicinal Plant Materials,Revised, Geneva, (2005) @No $ @ @ WHO, Vitamin and Mineral Requirements in Human Nutrition: Report of a joint FAO/WHO expert consultation, Bangkok, Thailand, 21–30 September 1998. © World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2004, 332 (2005) @No $ @ @ M.H. Matloob., Determination of cadmium, lead, copper and zinc in Yemeni Khat by anodic stripping voltammetry, 9, (2003) @No $ @ @ WHO, Cadmium, Environmental Health Criteria, Geneva, 134,(1992) @No $ @ @ Akinlami Omokehideetal., Trace Elements and Majors Minerals Evaluation in Flueryaaestuans Linn. (Urticaceae), (2013) @No $ @ @ Aparna Saraf et al., Evaluation of some minerals and trace elements in Achyranthesaspera Linn,International Journal of Pharma Sciences,3(3), 229-233 (2013) @No $ @ @ Aparna Sarafet al., Evaluation of Elemental Profile of Tecomellaundulata (Seem): An Endangered Medicinal Plant, Research Journal of Pharmaceutical,Biological and Chemical Sciences, 4, ISSN: 0975-858, (2013) @No 
<#LINE#>Antioxidant Potentials and Quality of Blended Pear-Jamun (Syzygium cumini L.) Juice<#LINE#>S@Kapoor,S@RanoteP<#LINE#>30-37<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-009.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Food Science and Technology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, INDIA <#LINE#>16/1/2015<#LINE#>22/2/2015<#LINE#>  Enriched beverage prepared by supplementing pear juice with jamun pulp was assessed for antioxidant activity and quality. Jamun pulp was supplemented at the levels of 5,10,15,20 and 25 per cent and optimized on the basis of sensory evaluation and color characteristics. Sensory scores were highest for pear juice supplemented with 20 per cent jamun pulp and was further chosen for storage studies. Color values (L*, a*, b* and hue angle) were significantly (p0.05) affected by increasing supplementation level, resulting in darker product. Jamun pulp supplementation enhanced the bioactive composition of pear juice in terms of increased ascorbic acid, anthocyanins, total phenols and antioxidant activity. Total phenols and antioxidant activity increased by 15.31 and 20.52 percent, respectively after incorporation of jamun pulp at 20 per cent. Physico-chemical characteristics of pear juice were not affected much by incorporation of jamun pulp. Storage period of six months resulted in reduction of bioactive components and had a variable effect on physico-chemical characteristics of the blended pear-jamun juice. Overall, it can be concluded that jamun pulp can be used as a potential source to boost nutritional significance of the resultant beverage. <#LINE#> @ @ Ajila C.M., Leelavathi K. and Prasada Rao U.J.S., Improvement of dietary fibre content and antioxidant properties in soft dough biscuits with the incorporation of mango peel powder, Journal of Cereal Science.,48, 319-326 (2008) @No $ @ @ Piga A., Cactus Pear: A Fruits of Nutraceutical and Functional Importance, J. Prof. Asoc. Cactus Dev., 6, 9-22 (2004) @No $ @ @ Wealth of India Series., Raw materials publication information directorate, CSIR New Delhi, 8 (Ph-Re), 327 (1969) @No $ @ @ Chitnis K.S., Palekar S.B., Koppar D.R. and Mestry D.Y., Evaluation of syzygium cumini linn, Seed formulations available in the market using spectrophotometric and chromatographic techniques, Int. J. Pharma. Sci. Res., 3(2), 556-560 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ranjan A., Jaiswal A. and Raja R.B., Enhancement ofSyzygium cumini (Indian jamun) active constituents by ultra-violet (UV) irradiation method, Scientific Research and Essays.,6(12), 2457-2464 (2011) @No $ @ @ Chaudhary B. and Mukhopadhyay K., Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels: A potential source of nutraceuticals, International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences., 2(1), 46-53 (2012) @No $ @ @ Baliga M.S., Bhat H.P., Baliga B. R. V., Wilson R. and Palatty P. L., Phytochemistry, Traditional  uses and pharmacology of Eugenia Jambolana Lam. (black plum): A Review, Food Res. Int., 44, 1776-1789 (2011) @No $ @ @ Larmond E., Methods of sensory evaluation of food, Can. Deptt. Agric. Pubs., 1284 (1970) @No $ @ @ Hutchings J.B., Food Color and Appearance, Springer, Windsor, CT, (1999) @No $ @ @ Ranganna S., Handbook of analysis and quality control for fruit and vegetable products, 2nd Ed. Tata McGraw Hills Publ Co. Ltd. New Delhi, (1986) @No $ @ @ AOAC., Official Methods of Analysis, Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, (2000) @No $ @ @ Srivastava R.P. and Kumar S., Fruit and vegetable preservation- Principles and practices, 2nd Ed. International Book Distributing co., Ltd. Lucknow, India, (1994) @No $ @ @ Gao L., Wang S., Oomah B.D. and Mazza G., Antioxidant activity of wheat millstreams. In: Wheat quality elucidation (Ng, P. and Wrigley, C.W. Eds.), St. Paul, MN: AACC International, (2002) @No $ @ @ Brand-Williams W., Cuvelier M. E. and Berset C., Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity, LWT-Food Sci. Technol., 28, 25-30 (1995) @No $ @ @ Ali S., Masud T., Abbasi K.S., Ali A. and Hussain A., Some compositional and biochemical attributes of jamanfruit (Syzygium cumini L.) from Potowar region of Pakistan, Res. Pharm., 3, 1-9 (2013) @No $ @ @ Joshi V.K., Sharma R., Girdher A. and Abrol G.S., Effect of dilution and maturation on physico-chemical and sensory quality of jamun (Black plum) wine, Indian J. Nat. Prod. Resour., 3, 222-227 (2012) @No $ @ @ Shahnawaz M., Sheikh S.A. and Nizamani S.M., Determination of Nutritive Values of Jamun Fruit Eugenia jambolanaProducts, Pak J Nutr., , 1275-1280 (2009) @No $ @ @ Benherlal P.S. and Arumughan C., Chemical composition and in vitro antioxidant studies on Syzygium cumini fruit, J. Sci. Food Agric., 87, 2560-2569 (2007) @No $ @ @ Chowdhury P. and Ray R. C., Fermentation of JamunSyzgium cumini ) fruits to form red wine, ASEAN Food J.,14, 15-23 (2007) @No $ @ @ Kopjar M., Pilizota V., Subaric D. and Babic J., Prevention of thermal degradation of red currant juice anthocyanins by phenolic compounds addition, Croat. J. Food Sci. Technol.,1, 24-30 (2009) @No $ @ @ Rai D.R., Chadha S., Kaur M.P., Jaiswal P. and Patil R.T. Biochemical, microbiological and physiological changes in jamun (Syzygium cumini L.) kept forlong term storage under modified atmosphere packaging, J. Food Sci. Technol.,48(3), 357-365 (2011) @No $ @ @ Koyuncu T., Tosun I. and Ustun N.S., Drying kinetics and color retention of dehydrated rosehips, Drying Technol.,21 (7), 1369–1381 (2003) @No $ @ @ Huang X. and Hsieh F. H., Physical properties, sensory attributes and consumer preference of pear fruit leather, . Food Sci., 70(3), E177-E186 (2005) @No $ @ @ Camire M.E., Dougherty M.P. and Briggs J.L., Functionality of fruit powders in extruded corn breakfast cereals, Food Chem., 101, 765-770 (2007) @No $ @ @ Raj D., Sharma P.C. and Vaidya D., Effect of blending and storage on quality characteristics of blended sand pear-apple juice beverage, J. Food Sci. Technol., 48(1), 102–105 (2011) @No $ @ @ Rocha A.S., Zielinski A.A.F., Ávila S., Nogueira A. and Wosiacki G., Influence of processing on the quality of pomaceas juice (Pyrus communis and Malus domestica), Acta Scientiarum., 35(1), 101-107(2013) @No $ @ @ Chakraborty I., Chaurasiya A.K. and Saha J., Quality of diversified value addition from some minor fruits, J. Food Sci. Technol.,48(6), 750-754 (2011) @No $ @ @ Kumar S.R. and Manimegalai G., Storage stability of mixed fruit juice RTS beverage in  different storage conditions, Bev. Food World.,28(2), 28 (2001) @No $ @ @ Zhang Z.F., Zhong H.Y. and Zheng S.H., Nutrient ingredient analysis of five sand pears, Food and Machinery., 3, 13-15 (2005) @No $ @ @ Chen D.H., Zhang Q.Y. and Song H., The processing technique of health beverage from pear juice and Lentinus edodes polysaccharide, Pack and Machinery., 26, 135-139 (2005) @No $ @ @ Gopalan C., Ramasastri B.V., Balasubramanian S.C., Narasingha Rao B.S., Deosthale Y.G. and Pant K.C., Nutritive value of Indian Foods, NIN, ICMR, Hyderabad, India, Pp 1-12 (1993) @No $ @ @ Sumaya-Martínez M.T., Cruz-Jaime S., Madrigal-Santillán E., García-Paredes J.D., Cariño-Cortés R., Cruz-Cansino N., Valadez-Vega C., Martinez-Cardenas L. and Alanís-García E., Betalain, Acid Ascorbic, Phenolic Contents and Antioxidant Properties of Purple, Red, Yellow and White Cactus Pears, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 12, 6452-6468 (2011) @No $ @ @ Zheng W. and Wang S.Y. Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in selected herbs, J. Agric. Food Chem.,49(11), 5165-5170 (2001) @No $ @ @ Kris-Etherton P.M., Hecker K.D., Bonanome A., Coval S.M., Binkoski A.E., Hilpert K.F., Griel A.E. and Etherton T.D., Bioactive compounds in foods: their role in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer, Am. J. Med.,113, 71-88 (2002) @No $ @ @ Kannan S. and Thirumaran A.S., Studies on the storage life of Jamun (Syzygium cuminii Rom) fruit products, J. Food Sci. Technol., 41(2), 186-188 (2004) @No $ @ @ Cansino N.C., Carrera G.P., Rojas Q.Z., Olivares L.D., García E.A. and Moreno E.R., Ultrasound Processing on Green Cactus Pear (Opuntia ficus Indica) Juice: Physical, Microbiological and Antioxidant Properties, J. Food Process. Technol.,4, 9 (2013) @No $ @ @ Zhao G.Y., Zhong W. and An G.J., Effect of storage on cloudy apple juice, Food Sci. Technol., (Abstr.), 14, 105-13 (2008) @No $ @ @ Duddone S., Vitrac X., Coutiere P., Woillez M. and Merillon J .M., Comparative study on antioxidant properties and total phenolic content of 30 plant extracts of industrial interest using DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, SOD, and ORAC assays, J. Agric. Food Chem.,57, 1768-74 (2009) @No $ @ @ Teixeira L.J.Q., Serrano I.O., Soliva-Fortuny R., Mota-Ramos A. and Martin-Belloso O., Comparative study on antioxidant properties of carrot juice stabilised by high-intensity pulsed electric fields or heat treatments, J. Sci. Food Agric.,89, 2636-42 (2009) @No $ @ @ Klimczak I., Matecka M., Szlachta M. and Gliszczynska –Swiglo A., Effect of storage on the content of polyphenols, vitamin C and the antioxidant activity of orange juices, J. Food Compos. Anal., 20, 313-22 (2007) @No
<#LINE#>Morpho-Physiological Characterization of Seeds and Seedlings of Nigella sativa Linn.: Study on Indian Germplasm<#LINE#>Israil@IqbalMohammedShariq,Ansari@Mohammad,Ahmad@Iqbal,Brijesh@Pandey<#LINE#>38-42<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-014.pdf<#LINE#>Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh Lucknow Campus, U.P, 226028, INDIA  @ Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, INDIA <#LINE#>28/1/2015<#LINE#>6/3/2015<#LINE#>Nigella sativa germplasm, collected from 10 different states of India was characterized for morpho-physiological traits of seeds and seedlings. Seeds exhibited variation with respect to shape, color, size and weight. Seeds from Delhi, Kerala, Uttar Pradesh and Sikkim exhibited variation in shape varying from bulging to pointed (proximal and distal) ends. Color of seed also exhibited variation ranging from davy’s grey to jet black. Largest seed size was exhibited in seeds of Punjab (3.01±0.0216 mm in length and 2.0±0.081 mm in width), while minimum size was exhibited by seeds of Uttarakhand (2.83±0.021 mm in length and 1.6± 0.081mm in width). Maximum average seed weight was observed with the seeds from Kerala (2.40±0.016 g), while minimum was observed with seeds of Uttarakhand (2.16±0.024g). The respective seedlings also exhibited variation. In the seedlings, maximum root and shoot length was observed with sample from Karnataka (3.3±0.16 cm and 6.1±0.85 cm, respectively), while minimum was observed with sample from Rajasthan (1.6±0.29 cm and 3.5±0.54 cm, respectively). Maximum leaf area (12.06±0.17 mm) was observed in seeds from Delhi while a minimum was observed with seeds of Punjab (7.83±0.139 mm). Among physiological parameters, maximum fresh weight and dry weight ratio was found in seedlings from Uttarakhand (24.10±2.029) and minimum was observed in that of Kerala (12.47±2.380). Chlorophyll a and b were found maximum in seedlings from Sikkim (8.210.495µg /gram fresh weight), and Jammu and Kashmir (4.61±1.04µg / gram fresh weight), respectively, while minimum was observed with seedlings from Delhi (6.58±0.665µg / gram fresh weight) and Sikkim (3.28±0.20µg / gram fresh weight), respectively. When analyzed for carotene content, highest amount of total carotene was found in seedlings from Uttar Pradesh (1045.19±134.88µg / gram fresh weight) and minimum in seedlings from Rajasthan (799.80±56.52µg / gram fresh weight). Two way ANOVA also supported significant variation among the germplasm (P- value  0.05).  The parameters studied here, indicated variation in the chemical constituents of seeds and their respective seedlings. It would be interesting to see whether this study may be extended to look into further biochemical and genetic variability. <#LINE#> @ @ Zohary M., Man and vegetation in the Middle East, In man's impact on vegetation, Geobotany,  5, 287-95 (1983) @No $ @ @ Nadkarni K.M., Crocus sativus, Nigella sativa. In’ Nadkarni, K.M., Editor, Indian materiamedica, Bombay, India, Popular Prakashan, , 386-411 (1976) @No $ @ @ Tennekoon K.H, Jeevathayaparan S, Kurukulasooriya A.P. and Karunayake E.H. Possible hepatotoxicity of Nigella sativa seeds and dregeavolubilis leaves, J Ethnopharmocol, 31(3), 283-9 (1991) @No $ @ @ Shayeb N.A. and Mabrouk S.S., Utilization of some edible and medicinal plants to inhibit aflatoxin formation, Nutrition reports international, 29(2), (1984) @No $ @ @ Vihan V.S. and Panwar H.S., Protective effect of Nigella sativa seeds on CC14-induced hepatotoxicity, Indian Vet. Journal, 64, 347-349 (1987) @No $ @ @ Agarwal R, Kharya MD and Shrivastava R, Antimicrobial and anthelmintic activities of the essential oil of Nigella sativa Linn, Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 17(11), 1264–1265 (1979) @No $ @ @ Akhtar MS and Riffat S, Field trial of Saussurealappa roots against nematodes and Nigella sativa seeds against cestodes in children, J Pakistan Med Assoc, 41, 185–7 (1991) @No $ @ @ Al-awadi FW, Khattar MA and Gumaa A, On the mechanism of the hypoglycemic effect of a plant extract, Diabetologia, 28, 432–4 (1985) @No $ @ @ Warrier PK, Nambiar VPK and Ramankutty, Indian Medicinal Plants: A compendium of 500 species, Orient Longman Pvt. Ltd. Chennai, 4, 139-142 (2004) @No $ @ @ Paarakh P.M.,  Nigella sativa Linn: A comprehensive review, Indian Journal of Natural Products and Research, 1(4), 409-429 (2010) @No $ @ @ Velioglu Y.S., Mazza G., Gao L. and Oomah B.D., Antioxidant activity and total phenolics in selected fruits, vegetables, and grain products, Journal of Agricultural Food and Chemistry,46, 4113–4117 (1998) @No $ @ @ Wienkötter N, Höpner D and Schütte U, The effect of nigellone and thymoquinone on inhibiting trachea contraction and mucociliary clearance, Planta Medica, 74(2), 105–108 (2008) @No $ @ @ Yi T, Cho SG, Yi Z, Pang X, Rodriguez M, Wang Y, Sethi G, Aggarwal BB and Liu M, Thymoquinone inhibits tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth through suppressing AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathways, Mol Cancer Therr,7, 1789–1796 (2008) @No $ @ @ Krannitz P.G., Aarssen L.W. and Dow J.M., The effect of genetically based differences in seed size on seedling survival in Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae), American Journal of Botany, 78, 446–450 (1991) @No $ @ @ Dere S, Günes T and SivacI R, Spectrophotometric determination of chlorophyll - a, b and total carotenoid contents of some algae species using different solvents, Tr. J. of Botany,22, 13-17 (1998) @No $ @ @ Lichtenthaler H.K. and Wellburn A.R., Determination of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b of leaf in different solvents, Biol. Soc. Trans., 11, 591-592 (1985) @No $ @ @ Baraloto C and Forget P.M., Seed size, seedling morphology, and response to deep shade and damage in neotropical rain forest trees, American Journal of Botany, 94(6), 901–911(2007) @No $ @ @ Saadaqui E, Gomezz J.J and Cervantes E.,Intraspecific variability of seed morphology in Capparis spinosa L, ACTA Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica, 55/2, 99–106(2013) @No $ @ @ Mavi K., The relationship between seed coat color and seed quality in watermelon crimson sweet, Hort. Sci. (Prague),37(2), 62–69(2010) @No $ @ @ Bakhsh A, Dasti A, Munir A, Khaliq I, Amin-ud-din M. and Akhtar M.S., Studies on shape, size and weight of certain weed seeds buried in the soil seed bank,  Pak. J. Weed Sci. Res., 12(1-2), 79-82 (2006) @No $ @ @ Ghamdi F.A., Seed Morphology of Some Species of Indigofera (Fabaceae) from Saudi Arabia Identification of Species and Systematic Significance, American Journal of Plant Sciences, 2, 484-495 (2011) @No $ @ @ Riaz M, Farooq J, Sakhawat G,  Mahmood A, Sadiq M.A. and Yaseen M., Genotypic variability for root/shoot parameters under water stress in some advanced lines of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), Genetics and Molecular Research, 12(1), 552-561 (2013) @No $ @ @ Pace P.F, Cralle H.T, Sherif H, El-Halawany M, Cothren J.T and Senseman S.A., Drought-induced changes in shoot and root growth of young cotton plants, The Journal of cotton science, 3, 183-187 (1999) @No $ @ @ Nedeva D and Nikolova A, Fresh and dry weight changes and germination capacity of natural or premature desiccated developing wheat seeds, Bulg. journal. plant physiol., 25(1–2), 3–15 (1999) @No $ @ @ Gamon J.A. and Surfus J.S.,  Assessing leaf pigment content and activity with a reflectometer, New Phytologist,143, 105-117 (1999) @No $ @ @ Young A. and Britton G, Carotenoids and stress. In Stress responses in plants: Adaptation and acclimation mechanisms, 87-112 (1990) @No $ @ @ Beerling D.J, Heath J, Woodward F.I. and Mansfield T.A., Drought-CO2 interactions in trees: observations and mechanisms, New Phytologist,134, 235–242 (1996) @No $ @ @ Panek J.A. and Waring R.H., Carbon isotope variation in Douglas-fir foliage: improving the 13C – climate relationship, Tree Physiology, 15, 657–663 (1995) @No $ @ @ Ehleringer J.R. and Cerling T.E., Atmospheric CO2 and the ratio of intercellular to ambient CO2 concentrations in plants, Tree Physiology,15, 105–111 (1995) @No $ @ @ Sharma S.K, Babu C.R, Johri B.M. and Hepworth A, SEM studies on seed coat pattern in Phaseolous mungo, P. radiatussublobatus, Phytomorphology, 27, 106–111 (1977) @No  
<#LINE#>A new Bacterial strain Streptomyces indiaensis (LMG 19961) and its larvicidal and Histopathological effect against Anopheles stephensi: A Malaria Mosquito<#LINE#>Arti@Prasad,Priyansh@Mathur<#LINE#>43-48<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-017.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, University College of Science, Mohan Lal Sukhadia, University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, INDIA<#LINE#>30/1/2015<#LINE#>16/3/2015<#LINE#>  The present study was carried out to establish larvicidal activity (LC50 determination) and mode of action of a soil bacteria Streptomyces indiaensis strain (LMG 19961)by taking midgut as a target tissue against third instar larvae of Anopheles stephensi (L.), the vector of malaria. LC50 of Streptomyces indiaensis was calculated by biotoxicity test. The LC50 (1.645 cfu/ml) treated third instar larvae showed dose dependent effect on mortality. The histoarchitecture of midgut revealed weak and disoriented epithelial cells with larger intercellular spaces and disruption of junctional complexes. The lysed gastric caecal cells were also noticed and reduced lumen further revealed the severity of bacterial strain against mosquito larvae. The peritrophic membrane was dislodged from the place. Since this strain of Streptomyces indiaensis was reported first time in our laboratory (NCBI Accession number KJ170314) the probability of ecosafe vector control agents from soil bacteria is quite encouraging.  <#LINE#> @ @ WHO report., WHO Globla Malaria Programme, (2012) @No $ @ @ WHO report., Current states of Malaria, (2011) @No $ @ @ Christophers S.R., Aedes aegypti (L) The yellow fever mosquito: Its life history, bionomics and structure. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, (1960) @No $ @ @ Knight K.L. and Stone A.A., catalog of the mosquitoes of the World. Geo. W. King Co, Baltimore, MD (1977) @No $ @ @ Tabachnick W.J., Evolutionary genetics and the yellow fever mosquito, Am. Entomol., 37, 14–24 (1991) @No $ @ @ Mattingl Y.P.F. and Knight K.L., The mosquito of Arabia, I. Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.)., , 91-141 (1956) @No $ @ @ Büttiker W., Observations on urban mosquitoes in Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia., 3, 472-479 (1981) @No $ @ @ Abdoon A.M. and Ibrahim A.A., Mosquito breeding habitats in Tihama lowlands of Asir region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Proceedings of the 3rd Conference of Applied Entomology, 1-18 (2005) @No $ @ @ ALkhreji M.A., Survey and distribution of mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) and description of its habitat in Riyadh district, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. M.Sc. thesis, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, (2005) @No $ @ @ Ahmed A.M., Shaalan E.A., Aboul-soud M.A.M., Tripet F. and AL-khedhairy A.A., Mosquito vectors survey in Al-Ahsaa district, eastern region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. J. Insect Sci., 11, 1-11 (2011) @No $ @ @ Piyusha G., Shelar S., Reddy VKS., Shelar GS. and Vidhyasagar Reddy, Medicinal value of Mangroves and its antimicrobial properties - A review. Continental J of Fisheries and Aquatic science, 6(1), 26-37 (2012) @No $ @ @ WHO, Insecticide resistance in arthropods (eds. A.W.A. Brown and R. Pal). A monograph series, 38 (2nd edition) (1971) @No $ @ @ Hecker H., Structure and function of midgut epithelial cells in culicidae mosquitoes (Insecta,Diptera), Cell and tissue research, 184, 3, 321-341 (1977) @No $ @ @ World Health Organization, Global Strategic Framework for Integrated Vector Management, Geneva, Available: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2004/ WHOCDSCPEPVC 10, (2006) @No $ @ @ World Health Organization, World Malaria Report, ISBN9789241564533, (2012) @No $ @ @ Finney D.J.,  Probit Analysis. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 333, (1971) @No $ @ @ Zieler H., Garon C.F., Fischer E.R. and Shahabuddin M.A., tubular network associated with the brush-border surface of the Aedes aegypti midgut: Implications for pathogen transmission by mosquitoes. The Journal of Experimental Biology, 203, 1599-1611 (2000) @No $ @ @ Volkman A. and Peters W, Investigations on the midgut caeca of mosquito larvae, I-Fine structure, Tissue Cell, 21: 243-251. (1989a) @No $ @ @  Zhuang Z., Paul J., Linser and William R. Harvey, Antibody to H+ V-atpase subunit E colocalizes with portasomes in alkaline larval midgut of a freshwater mosquito (Aedes aegypti (L), The Journal of Experimental Biology, 202, 2449–2460 (1999) @No $ @ @ Fillinger U., Knols B.G.J. and Becker N., Efficacy and efficiency of new Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis and Bacillussphaericus formulations against Afrotropical anophelines in western Kenya, Trop Med Int Health, (8), 37–47 (2003) @No $ @ @ Becker N. and Margalit J., Use of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis against mosquitoes and black flies. In: Bacillus thuringiensis, An environmental biopesticide: Theory and practice (eds. P.F. Entwhistle, J.S. Cory, M.J. Bailey and S. Higgs), Wiley, New York, 255–266  (1993) @No $ @ @ Clark T.M., Koch A. and Moffett D.F., The anterior and posterior ‘Stomach’regions of larval Aedes aegypti midgut: regional specialization of ion transport and stimulation by 5- hydroxytryptamine, J. Exp. Biol202, 247-252  (1999) @No $ @ @ Rey D., Pautou M.P. and Meyran J.C., Histopathological effects of tannic acid on the midgut epithelium of some aquatic dipteral larvae, Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 73, 173-181 (1999) @No $ @ @ Gill S.S., Cowles E.A. and Pietrantonio P.V., The mode of action of Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxins, Annu. Rev. Ent., 37, 615-636 (1992) @No $ @ @ Allured V.S., Collier R.J., Carroll S.F. and Mckay D.B., Structure of exotoxin A of Pseudomonous aeruginosa at 3.0-ngstrom resolution, Proc. natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 83, 1320-1324 (1986) @No $ @ @ Bravo A., Gill S.S. and Soberón M., Mode of action of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry and Cyt toxins and their potential for insect control, Toxicon, 49, 423–435 (2007) @No $ @ @ AL-mehmadi R.M. and AL-khalaf A.A., Larvicidal and histological effects of Melia azadarach extract on Culex quinquefasciatus Say larvae (Diptera: Culicidae), J. King Saud Univ. (Sci.),  22, 77–85  (2010) @No $ @ @ Ndione R.D., Faye O., Ndiaye M., Dieye A. and Afoutou J.M., Toxic effects of neem products Azadirachta indica A. Juss on Aedesaegypti Linnaeus 1762 larvae, African Journal of Biotechnology, 6, 24, 2846-2854 (2007) @No $ @ @ Ferreira C., Ribeiro A.F. and Terra W.R, Fine structure of the larval midgut of the fly Rhynchosciara and its physiological implications, J. Insect Physiol, 27, 559-570  (1981) @No $ @ @ Lehane M.J., Peritrophic matrix structure and function, Annu. rev. Entomol, 42, 525-50 (1997) @No 
<#LINE#>Aquatic and Marshy Plants of four selected Ponds in Venganoor Grama Panchayat, Trivandrum District, Kerala, India<#LINE#>J.@Reju,S.@Thampiraj,Lawrence@Beena<#LINE#>49-51<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-019.pdf<#LINE#> Department of botany Scott Christian College (Autonomous) Nagercoil, Kanyakumari, Tamilnadu, 629003, INDIA <#LINE#>5/2/2015<#LINE#>19/3/2015<#LINE#>  The aquatic and marshy flora of four ponds located in Venganoor grama panchayat, Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala were studied for a period of 12 months. Altogether 20 genera of aquatic and marshy macrophytes were identified in the present investigation. The physico-chemical characteristics of pond water to be altered due to these aquatic plants. We have found a general relationship between trophic status of a water and the aquatic plants present there.  <#LINE#> @ @ Warminci J.E. and Plantesamfund B.I., Gruntrtikaf denOkologiska Plantegeografi. Philipsen, Copenhagen, Dennmrk, (1895) @No $ @ @ Wolverton B.C. and McDonald R.C., Water hyacinth absorption rates of Lead, Mercury and Cadmium, Hydrobiologia,  22, 132-135 (1978) @No $ @ @ Agarkar M.S., Goswami H.K.., Kaushik S., Mishra S.N., Bajpai A.K. and Sharma U.S., Biology, conservation and management of Bhoj wetland 1. Upperlake Ecosystem in Bhopal, Bionature, 14(2), 1-119 (1994) @No $ @ @ Brönmark C. and Hansson L.A., The Biology of Lakes and Ponds,Oxford University Press, UK, (2001) @No $ @ @ Kaul V., Pandit A.K. and Foteder D.N., Management of wetland ecosystem and as wildlife habitats in Kashmir, In: Proc. Int. Seminar Management of Environment. (ed.), Patel, B. Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Bombay, India (1980) @No $ @ @ Varshney C.K., Macrophytes as indicators of water quality, In: WHO Workshop on Biological Indicators and Indices of Environment Pollution, Hyderabad, Indian Cent. Ed. Prood. Cont. Water. Poll., Osmnia University, (1981) @No $ @ @ Oommachan M., Hafeez A., Khan S. and  Khan S., Studies on the vegetation of marshes ponds and lakes in Bhopal, J. Sc. Res., 2(2), 141-143 (1980) @No $ @ @ McVea C. and  Boyd C.E., Effect of water hyacinth cover on water chemistry, phytoplankton and fish in ponds, J. Environ. Qual., 4, 375-378 (1975) @No $ @ @ Fasseit N.C., A Manual of Aquatic Plants, The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, USA, (1957) @No $ @ @ Gupta O.P., Aquatic Weeds: Their Manace and Control, Today and Tomorrow’s Printers and Publisher, New Delhi, India, (1979) @No $ @ @ Jacklin Jemi R. and Regini Balasingh G.S., Studies on physico-chemical characteristics of freshwater temple ponds in kanyakumari district (south tamilnadu), Int. J. of Geology, Earth and Environ. Sci., 1(1), 59-62 (2011) @No $ @ @ Willmer P., Stone G. and Jhonston I., Environmental Physiology of Animals, Blackwell Science Ltd., USA, (2000) @No $ @ @ Dhanya S., Smitha Sebastian and Ammini Joseph, A survey of algal blooms in the ponds of Pallippuram, Kerala, India, J. Environ.Sciences., 3(3), 1185–1193 (2012) @No $ @ @ Upadhyay K., Mishra P. and Gupta A.K., Studies on the physic-chemical status of two ponds at Varanasi and Bhadohi under Biotic stress, Plant Archives, 10(2), 691-693 (2010) @No 
<#LINE#>Evaluation of Ultraviolet -B radiation induced changes in biochemical response of Arthrospira platensis (Gomont)<#LINE#>Kavitha@Ganapathy,Kurinjimalar@Chidambaram,Rangaraja@Thevanathan,Rengasamy@Ramasamy<#LINE#>52-59<#LINE#>10.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-020.pdf<#LINE#>Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Chennai, INDIA  <#LINE#>6/2/2015<#LINE#>1/3/2015<#LINE#>In the current study, the influence of Ultraviolet - B radiation with intensity of 3 W/m on growth, biochemical changes and antioxidant enzymes in Arthrospira platensis were examined.  The additional UV-B radiation vitally reduced the development of the cell, total protein, pigments (i.e. Total chlorophyll, carotenoids and c - phycocyanin). The study revealed that rise in exposure period of UV-B radiation caused poorer growth of the organism. The outcomes demonstrated that photosynthetic complex was the vital focus of UV-B radiation causing deprivation of photosynthetic pigments. It was observed with an increase in lipid peroxidation, in contrast with untreated control of A. platensis. The antioxidant enzymes showed improved activities of peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and except catalase in UV-B illuminated cells. The test organism neutralizes the effect of free radicals produced under UV-B stress through increased activities of these antioxidant enzymes. The outcome of the result recommends that A. platensis was impervious to UV-B radiation and the conceivable negative impact on the growth of A. platensis have been adequately adjusted with increment in these antioxidant enzymes.<#LINE#> @ @ Wang G., Hu C., Li D., Zhang D., Chen K. and Liu Y., The response of antioxidant systems in Nostoc sphaeroides against UV-B radiation and the protective effects of exogenous antioxidants, 39, 1034-1042 (2007) @No $ @ @ Vaishampayan A., Sinha R.P., Hader D.P., Dey T., Gupta A.K., Bhan U. and Rao L., Cyanobacterial biofertilizers in rice agriculture, Bot Rev,67, 453-516 (2001) @No $ @ @ Gorton H.L. and Vogelmann T.C., Ultraviolet radiation and the snow alga Chlamydomonas nivalis (Bauer) Wille, Photochem. Photobiol., 77, 608-615 (2003) @No $ @ @ Sinha R.P., Singh N., Kumar A., Kumar H.D. and Hader D.P., Impacts of ultraviolet-B irradiation on nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria of rice paddy fields, J. Plant Physiol.,150, 188-193 (1997) @No $ @ @ Villafane E.V., Sundback K., Figueroa F. and  Helbling W., Photosynthesis in the aquatic environment as affected by UVR. In: Helbling, W., Zagarese, H. (Eds.), UV Effects in Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK, 357-397 (2003) @No $ @ @ Hader  D.P. and Sinha R.P., Solar ultraviolet radiation-induced DNA damage in aquatic organisms: potential environmental impact, Mut. Res. Fund. Mol.Mech. Mutag., 571, 221-233 (2005) @No $ @ @ Gao K., Li G., Helbling E.W. and Villafan V.E., Variability of UVR Effects on Photosynthesis of Summer Phytoplankton Assemblages from a Tropical Coastal Area of the South China Sea, 103, 802-809 (2007) @No $ @ @ Bennett A. and Bogorad L., Complimentary Chromatic Adaptation in a Filamentous Blue, Green Alga, The Jour of Cell Biol., 58, 419 (1973) @No $ @ @ Lichtenthaler H.K., Chlorophylls and carotenoids: pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes, In:  Packer, L. and Douce, R. eds., Methods in Enzymology, Washington, Academic Press, 148, 350-382 (1987) @No $ @ @ Bradford M.M., A rapid and sensitive method for the quantification of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein dye binding, Anal Biochem, 72, 248-254 (1976) @No $ @ @ Dubois M., Giles K.A., Hamilton J.K., Robeus R.A. and Smith E., Calorimetric methods for determination of sugars and related substance, Anal Biochem.,28, 305-365 (1956) @No $ @ @ Bates L.S., Wadern R.P. and Teare I.D., Rapid estimation of free proline for water stress determination, Plant Soil., 39, 205-207 (1973) @No $ @ @ Heath R.L. and Packer L., Photoperoxidation on in isolated Chloroplasts, I. Stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation, Arch Biochem. Biophys., 125, 189-98 (1968) @No $ @ @ Kato M. and Shimizu S., Chlorophyll metabolism in higher plants, VII. Chlorophyll degradation in senesc- ing Tobacco leaves, phenolic-dependent peroxidative degradation, Can. J. Bot., 65, 729-735 (1987) @No $ @ @ Beauchamp C. and Fridovich I, Superoxide dismuttases: improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels, Anal. Biochem., 44, 276-287 (1971) @No $ @ @ Callaghan T.V., Bjorn L.O., Chemov Y., Chapin T., Christensen T.R, Huntley B., Ims R.A., Johansson M., Jolly D., Jonasson S., Matveyeva N., Panikov N, Oechel W., Shaver G., Elster J., Jonsdottir I.S.,  Laine K. Taulavuori K. and  Zockler C., Responses to projected changes in climate and UV-B at the species level, Ambio., 33, 418-435 (2004) @No $ @ @ Bornman J.F., Target sites of UV-B radiation in photosynthesis of higher plants, J. Photochem. Photobiol., 145-148 (1989) @No $ @ @ Dohler G., Effect of UV-B radiation on the marine   diatoms Lauderia annulata and Thalassiosira rotulagrown in different salinities, Mar. Biol., 83, 247-253 (1984) @No $ @ @ Sinha R.P., Lebert M., Kumar A., Kumar H.D. and  Hader D.P., Disintegration of phycobilisomes in a rice field cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. following UV irradiation, Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int.,37, 697-706 (1995) @No $ @ @ Ehling-Schulz M., Bilger W. and Scherer S., UV-B-induced synthesis of photoprotective pigments and extracellular polysaccharides in the terrestrial cyanobacterium Nostoccommune, J. Bacteriol., , 1940-1945 (1997) @No $ @ @ Kaplan D., Christiaen D. and Arad S., Chelating properties of extracellular polysaccharides from Chlorella sp.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 12, 2953-2956(1987) @No $ @ @ Tripathi B.N. and Gaur J.P., Relationship between Copper and Zinc: Induced Oxidative Stress and Proline Accumulation in Scenedesmus sp., Planta, 219, 397-404 (2004) @No $ @ @ Girotti A.W., Photodynamic lipid peroxidation in biological systems, Photochem. Photobiol., 51, 497-509(1990) @No $ @ @ Chris A., Zeeshan M., Abraham G. and Prasad S.M., Proline accumulation in Cylindrospermum sp., Environ Exp Bot. 57, 154-159 (2006) @No  
<#LINE#>Optimization and Production of Alkaline protease from Bacillus subtilis IAS01 using agro-industrial by-product under SSF<#LINE#>D@Saminathan,J@SrimanNarayanan<#LINE#>60-64<#LINE#>11.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-022.pdf<#LINE#>Division of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai nagar-608002, Tamil Nadu, INDIA @ Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai nagar-608002, Tamil Nadu, INDIA <#LINE#>14/2/2015<#LINE#>10/3/2015<#LINE#>Edible and non-edible oil cake utilized for alkaline protease production by Bacillus subtilis IAS01 (KF 761633) in SSF. Experimentally revealed that groundnut oil cake and palm oil cake mixed in a ratio of 5:5 (w/w) supported for protease production when compared to individual and mixed substrate. In addition to attain the maximum yield of this enzyme in appropriate fermentation conditions viz. moisture 30%, 72 h incubation, 20% inoculum, pH 9.0 and temperature 37°C with recorded 835.13±5.04 units per gram of substrate. These results indicate that mutual inoculants of groundnut oil cake and palm oil cake are potential substrate for alkaline protease production at low quantities of substrate. In feature its best opportunity for protease production at industrial level. <#LINE#> @ @ Pandey A., Ramachandran S., Singh S.K., Larroche C.and Soccol C.R., Oil cakes and their biotechnological applications: A review, Bioresource Technology, 98, 2000–2009 (2007) @No $ @ @ Johnvesly B. and Naik G.R., Studies on production of thermostable alkaline protease from thermophilic and alkaliphilic Bacillussp. J99 in a chemically defined medium, Process Biochemistry, 37, 139-144 (2001) @No $ @ @ Banik R.M. and Prakash M., Laundry detergent compatibility of the alkaline protease from Bacillus cereus. Microbiology Research,159, 135–140 (2004) @No $ @ @ Mukherjee A.K., Adhikari H. and Rai S.K., Production of alkaline protease by a thermophilic Bacillus subtilis under solid-state fermentation (SSF) condition using Imperata cylindrica grass and potato peel as low-cost medium: characterization and application of enzyme in detergent formulation, Biochemical Engineering Journal, 39, 353–361 (2008) @No $ @ @ Madhuri A.B., Nagaraju N. and Harikrishna Gopal R., Production of Alkaline Protease by Bacillus altitudinis GVC11 using Castor Husk in Solid-State Fermentation, Applied Biochemistry Biotechnology, 167, 1199–1207(2012) @No $ @ @ Pandey A., Solid-state fermentation. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 13, 81–84 (2003) @No $ @ @ Soccol C.R., Brand D., Mohan R., Rodriguez J.A.L. and Pandey A., Coffee husks a potential alternative material for bioprocesses, Metals Mater Process,17, 195–206(2005) @No $ @ @ Kuo L.H., Animal feeding stuffs compositional data of feeds and concentrates (Part 3), Malaysian Agric. J, 46, 63–70 (1967) @No $ @ @ Roopesh K., Ramachandran S., Nampoothiri K.M., Szakacs G. and Pandey A., Comparison of phytase production on wheat bran and oilcakes in solid-state fermentation by Mucor racemosus, Bioresour. Technol., 97, 506–511 (2006) @No $ @ @ Esakkiraj P., Sankaralingam S., Usha R. and Palavesam A., Solid-state protease production using anchovy waste meal by moderate halophile Serratia proteamaculans AP-CMST isolated from fish intestine, Ann Microbiol., 61, 749–755 (2011) @No $ @ @ Lowry O.H., Rosebrough N.J., Farr A.L. and Randall R.J., Protein measurement with the Folinciocholtue phenol reagent, Journal of Biological Chemistry,193–265 (1951) @No $ @ @ Joo H.S. and Chang C.S., Production of protease from a new alkalophilic Bacillus sp. I-312 grown on soybean meal: optimization and some properties, Process Biochemistry, 40, 1263–1270 (2005) @No $ @ @ Uyar F. and Baysal Z., Production and optimization of process parameters for alkaline protease production by    a newly isolated Bacillus sp, Under solid-state fermentation, Process Biochemistry, 39, 1893–1898(2004) @No $ @ @ Chellappan S., Jasmin C., Basheer S.M. and Elyas K.K., Production, purification and partial characterization of a novel protease from marine Engyodontium album BTMFS 10 under solid-state fermentation, Process Biochemistry, 41, 956–961 (2006) @No $ @ @ Okafor U.O.G. and Anosike E.E.M., Screening and optimal protease production by Bacillus sp. Sw-2 using low cost substrate medium, Research Journal Microbiology, 7, 327–336 (2012) @No $ @ @ Shafee N., Aris S.N., Abd Rhman R.N.Z., Basri M. and Salleh A.B., Optimization of environmental and nutritional condition for the production of alkaline protease by a newly isolated Bacterium Bacillus cereus strain146, Journal of Applied Science Research, 1, 18 (2005) @No $ @ @ Kumar R., Balaji B.S., Uma T.S., Mandal A.B. and Sehagal P.K., Optimization of influential parameters for extracellular keratinase production by Bacillus subtilisin in solid state fermentation using Horn meal bio-waste management. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol, 8452–8454 (2008) @No $ @ @ Hadeer L., Houda M., Nedra S., Insaf B. and Ferid L., Production and optimization of thermophilic alkaline protease in solid-state fermentation by Streptomyces sp, CN902, J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol, 36, 531–537 (2009) @No $ @ @ Soares V.F., Castilho L.R., Bon E.P.S. and Freire D.M.G., High-yield Bacillus subtilis protease production by solid-state fermentation, Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 121, 311–319 (2005) @No 
<#LINE#>Antagonistic effect of marine Actinobacteria on MDR Uropathogens<#LINE#>V@Aruna,S@Rajan<#LINE#>65-68<#LINE#>12.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-025.pdf<#LINE#>Research Scholar, Department of Microbiology, R and D Center, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, INDIA @ Research Department of Microbiology, M. R. Government Arts College, Mannargudi – 614 001, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, INDIA <#LINE#>18/2/2015<#LINE#>1/3/2015<#LINE#>  Actinobacteria are the antagonistic bacteria able to release antagonistic compounds which inhibits the growth of other microbial species. This study was carried out to identify biologically potential Actinobacteria from natural source. This study also confirms antimicrobial nature of the Actinobacteria. Twenty six marine water samples was collected from different time and points in the Bay of Bengal and isolated thirteen actinobacterial isolates using different culture medium. All actinobacterial isolates were identified by macroscopic and microscopic observation. The isolated actinobacteria were screened for their antimicrobial activity against UTI pathogens. The marine isolate Stretomycetes sp. identified from marine water were found to be more efficient in the production of secondary metabolites. This will pave the way for further investigations to study their potential importance in combating pathogenic bacteria. <#LINE#> @ @ Kassahun S.B., Thangavel S. and Tariku H., In vitro Evaluation of Actinobacteria against Tomato Bacterial Wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum EF Smith) in West Showa, Ethiopia, J. Plant Pathol. Microbiol., 4, 1 (2013) @No $ @ @ Nakade K., Antimicrobials in Microbial Diversity and Bioprospecting, Edited by Bull, T. ASM Press., 336-355 (2012) @No $ @ @ Sunil L.A., Gaviraj N.E.,  Asif A.K., Ravindra K., Nagesh C. and Chandrashekara S., Screening, isolation and purification of antibacterial agents from marine actinomycetes, Int. Cur. Pharma. J.,1(12), 394-402 (2012) @No $ @ @ Sajad A.B., Ruqeya N., Tauseef A.M. and Fayaz A.S., Secondary metabolites of actinomycetes as potential source of antibiotics, Stem Cell., 4(2), 44-48 (2013) @No $ @ @ Valli S., Suvathi S.S., Aysha O.S., Nirmala P., Vinoth Kumar P. and Reena A. Antimicrobial potential of Actinomycetes species isolated from marine environment, Asian Pacific J. Tropical Biomed.,, 469-473 (2012) @No $ @ @ Reddy N.G, Ramakrishna D.P.N. and Raja G., A Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Studies of Marine Streptomyces rochei (MTCC10109) Showing Antagonistic Activity against Selective Human Pathogenic Microorganisms, Asian J. Biol.  Sci., 4 (1), 1-14 (2011) @No $ @ @ Kumar S. and Kannabiran K., Diversity and optimization of process parameters for the growth of Streptomyces VITSVK9 Spp. Isolated from Bay of Bengal, India, J. Nat. Env. Sci.,1(2), 56-65 (2010) @No $ @ @ Rajan S and Selvichristy R, Essentials of Lifesciences, In: Characterization of Actinobacteria, Anjana Publishers, Chennai, 1, 255-274 (2014) @No $ @ @ Sathish K.S.R., Kokati V. and Bhaskara R., In-vitro antimicrobial activity of marine actinobacteria against multidrug resistance Staphylococcus aureus, Asian Pacific J. Tropical Biomed.,5., S1802-S1807., (2012) @No $ @ @ Karthikeyan P., Senthilkumar G. and Panneerselvam A. Isolation, characterization and identification of actinobacteria of Mangrove ecosystem Ennoor, east coast of Tamil Nadu, India, Advances in Appl.Sci. Res.,4(5).,296-301(2013) @No $ @ @ Gulve R.M. and Deshmukh A.M., Antimicrobial activity of the marine actinomycetes, Int.  Multidiscip. Res. J.,2(3)., 16-22 (2012) @No $ @ @ Astalakshmi A., Thangapandian V. and Lingakumar K. Isolation and Characterization of Actinomycetes from the Soil of Devathanam: A Foot-hill of Western Ghats, Int. J. Pharma Res. and Rev.,  3(1).,15-20 (2014) @No $ @ @ Deepa S., Panneerselvam A., Dhanasekaran D., Thajuddin N. and Vijayakumar R., Diversity and Antimicrobial Potential of  ctinobacteria from Salt Pan Environment, Global Adv. Res. J. Microbiol.,1(8)., 140-148 (2012) @No $ @ @ Gunasekaran M. and Thangavel S., Antagonistic activity of marine Streptomyces sp LCJ94 against the shrimp pathogens, Annals of Biol. Res.,  4 (4)., 224-227 (2013) @No $ @ @ Gunasekaran M. and Thangavel S., Isolation and Screening of Actinomycetes from marine sediments for their potential to produce antimicrobials, Int. J. Life Sc. Bt and Pharm. Res., 2.,4-7(2013) @No $ @ @ Mukesh S., Actinomycetes: Source, Identification, and their Applications, Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci.,3(2),  801-832(2014) @No $ @ @ Radhakrishnan M., Pazhanimurugan R., Gopikrishnan V., Balagurunathan R. and Vanaja K., Streptomyces sp D25 isolated from Thar Desert soil, Rajasthan producing pigmented antituberculosis compound only in solid culture, J. Pure and App. Microbiol.,8(1), 333-337 (2014) @No $ @ @ Mohana  S. and Radhakrishnan M., Streptomyces sp MA7 isolated from mangrove rhizosphere sediment effective against Gram negative bacterial pathogens, Int. J. Pharm Tech Res.,6(4), 1259-1264 (2014) @No
<#LINE#>Diversity, Distribution and Abundance of Damselfly (Zygoptera) of Kapla Beel, Wetland of Barpeta District; Assam, India<#LINE#>DasBidyut@Kumar,Uddipta@Sarma,Phalgun@Chetia<#LINE#>69-76<#LINE#>13.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-027.pdf<#LINE#>P.G. Deptt. of Zoology, Bajali College , Pathsala, 781325, Assam, INDIA @ Deptt. of  Zoology,C.N.B. College, Bokakhat,785612, Assam, INDIA<#LINE#>24/2/2015<#LINE#>12/3/2015<#LINE#>The order Odonata is one of the ancient groups of the class insecta, consists of dragonflies and damselflies. The adults of both the groups are terrestrial while the larvae are aquatic. The Species of both the groups are highly specific to particular aquatic habitat. This habitat specificity makes them an ideal candidate for monitoring health of freshwater ecosystems.The studies on the Odonata of India is well documented since the time of Linnaeus but a very little or fragmentary work was completed to have information of the diversity and aboundance of these species  from Northeast India. The present study was done with an objective to study the diversity and abundance of damselflies of the “KAPLA BEEL” near “Sarthebari” in the district of Barpeta, Assam. This study has been carried out for one year from June 2013 to May 2014.  In this study total 26 species of damselflies belonging to 3 families and 11 genera were identified and recorded. It is observed that out of the total 26 species, 88.46% are of family Coenogrionidae followed by Platycnemididae while Calopterygidae showed very less species diversity. This is the primary record of damselflies diversity from the Kapla Beel, Barpeta, Assam, (India). Datas recorded from different months of the study period were compared and Shannon H’, Shannon Hmax, Shannon J’, Simpsons Diversity (D), Simpsons Diversity (1/D), Richness were calculated by using Biodiversity pro software 2.0. It was observed that in September there was highest value of Shannon H’ which is 1.398 and the least is seen in the April which is 1.302. <#LINE#> @ @ Williams D.D. and Feltmate B., Aquatic insects, CAB International. Wallingford, UK,(1992) @No $ @ @ Silsby J., Dragonflies of the World, Natural History Museum in association with CSIRO Publishing, UK, (2001) @No $ @ @ Tiple A.D., A.M. Khurad and R.J. Andrew, Species Diversity of Odonata in and around Nagpur City, Central India. Fraseria (Proceeding of the 18th International Symposium of Odonatology, Nagpur), 7,  41–45, (2008) @No $ @ @ Corbet PS, Dragonflies: Behaviour and Ecology of Odonata, Cornell University Press, Ithaca N.Y., 829, (1999) @No $ @ @ Foote A.L. and Rice C.L., Odonata as biological indicators Canadian prairie wetlands. Ecological Entomology, 30, 273-283 (2005) @No $ @ @ Sato M. and Riddiford N, A preliminary study of the Odonata of S’Albufera Natural Park, Mallorca: status, conservation priorities and bio-indicator potential, Journal of Insect Conservation, DOI 10.1007/s10841-007-9094-5 (2000) @No $ @ @ A Distributional List of World Odonata, Private Publication, Osaka, (2007) @No $ @ @ Subramanian KA, A checklist of Odonata (Insecta) of India, Zoological survey of India, 1-36 (2009) @No $ @ @ Fraser FC, The Fauna of British India Including Ceylon and Burma, Odonata, , London: Taylor and Francis,(1933) 433 (2009) @No $ @ @ Fraser FC, The Fauna of British India Including Ceylon and Burma, Odonata, II, London: Taylor and Francis,(1934), 398 (2009) @No $ @ @ Fraser FC, The Fauna of British India Including Ceylon and Burma, Odonata, III, London: Taylor and Francis,(1936), 461 (2009) @No $ @ @ Davies D.A. L., The odonate fauna of New Caledonia, including the description of a new species and a new subspecies, Odonatologica, 31,229–251 (2002) @No $ @ @ Prasad M and Varshney R.K.,A check list of the Odoanta of Indiaincluding data on larval studies, Oriental Insects, and references therein, 29, 385-428(1995) @No $ @ @ Laidlaw F.F., Zoological Results of the Abor Expedition, 1911-12, XXV, Odonata, Records Indian Museum, 8, 335-349(1914) @No $ @ @ incl. pl. 16 @No $ @ @ Subramanian KA. (2005),Dragonflies and damselflies of Penisular India - A field guide. Project Lifescape. Indian Academy of Sciences, Banglore, India @No $ @ @ Lahiri A.R., Studies on the Odonate fauna of Meghalaya, Records of Zoological Survey of India, Occasional Paper no., 99, 1-402 (1987) figs. 1-539 @No $ @ @ Anon, Wetlands of Assam. Assam Remote Sensing Application Centre, Guwahati, In G.R. Margarate, M. Obbert, Jr. and C.L. Wolf, Glossary of geology, American Geological Institute, Washington, DC, (1997) @No $ @ @ Andrew R.J., Subramaniam K.A. and Tiple A.D., A Handbook on Common Odonates of Central India, South Asian Council of Odonatology,65, (2009) @No $ @ @ Hassall C., Thompson D.J. and Harvey I.F., Latitudinal variation in morphology in two sympatric damselfly species with contrasting range dynamics (Odonata: Coenagrionidae), European Journal of Entomology, 105, 939-944 (2008) @No $ @ @ Nesemann H., Shah R.T. and Shah D.N., Key to the larval stages of common Odonata of Hindu Kush Himalaya, with short notes on habitats and ecology,Journal of threatened Taxa, 3(9)2045-2060 (2011) @No
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Viruses and Viroids: Insights of Pathogenicity<#LINE#>K.@PanchalHetal,S.@SinghShruti,B.@DesaiPratibha<#LINE#>77-88<#LINE#>14.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-220.pdf<#LINE#>Dolat Usha Institute of Applied Sciences and Dhiru Sarla Institute of Management and Commerce, Valsad; Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat, INDIA @ Shree Ram Krishna Institute of Computer Education and Applied Sciences, Surat; Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat, INDIA <#LINE#>6/10/2014<#LINE#>13/1/2015<#LINE#>Viruses are simple, a cellular obligate host parasite contains one or more either double or single stranded DNA or RNA molecules enclosed in a protein coat. More variety is found in the genomes of viruses than in those of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. They are classified on the basis of their nucleic acid characteristics, capsid symmetry, the presence or absence of envelope and their host. They are capable of causing disease ranging from prokaryote like bacteria to eukaryotes including humans, animals and even plants. Different viruses are able to cause disease as they contain one or more pathogenic genes encoding various antigenic proteins found present in capsid or envelope. Viroids are sub viral particles. Viroids are single stranded RNA stretches without capsid, having a few hundred nucleotide length. Their genome is quiet smaller than smallest known virus genome. In spite of absence of any protein encoding genes, they are important plant pathogens as they contain RNA structural elements which interact with various host factors. The viroid plant interactions enable them to use the host machinery for replication and transport. Viroids RNAs transcription occurs by rolling circle mechanisms in the plant host’s nuclei or chloroplasts. Recent evidence indicates that viroid-derived small RNAs acting through host RNA silencing pathways play a key role in viroid pathogenicity. Viroid RNAs have sizes similar to endogenous small interfering RNA and microRNA and so capable of alteration of the normal gene expression in the host plant. Viroids have the ability to induce both RNA-mediated transcriptional gene silencing and posttranscriptional gene silencing in infected plants. To discover and understanding molecular biology of these fascinating RNA molecules can be just regarded as beginning. <#LINE#> @ @ Leppard K., Nigel D. and Easton A., Introduction to Modern Virology, Blackwell Publishing Limited, 4, ISBN 1-4051-3645-6 (2007) @No $ @ @ Mayer A., Über die Mosaikkrankheit des Tabaks, Die Landwirtschaftliche Versuchs-stationen (in German) 32, 451–467 (1886), Translated into English in Johnson J. Ed., Phytopathological classics (St. Paul, Minnesota: American Phytopathological Society,7, 11–24 (1942) @No $ @ @ Zaitlin M., The Discovery of the Causal Agent of the Tobacco Mosaic Disease, In Kung S.D. and Yang S.F., Discoveries in Plant Biology, Hong Kong: World Publishing Co., 105–110 (1998) , ISBN 978-981-02-1313-8 @No $ @ @ Iwanowski D., Über die Mosaikkrankheit der Tabakspflanze, Bulletin Scientifique publiéparl' Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg / Nouvelle Serie III (in German and Russian) (St. Petersburg), 35, 67–70 (1892), Translated into English in Johnson J. Ed., Phytopathological classics (St. Paul, Minnesota: American Phytopathological Society) , 27–30 (1942) @No $ @ @ Beijerinck M.W., Überein Contagium vivum fluidumalsUrsache der Fleckenkrankheit der Tabaksblätter, Verhandelingen der Koninklykeakademie van Wettenschappente Amsterdam (in German), 65, 1–22 (1898) , Translated into English in Johnson J. Ed., Phytopathological classics (1942) @No $ @ @ Diener T.O., Potato spindle tuber, In The Viroids, T.O. Diener ed., 221–3, Plenum, New York (1987) @No $ @ @ Qi Y. and Ding B., Differential subnuclear localization of RNA strands of opposite polarity derived from an autonomously replicating viroid, Plant Cell., 15, 2566–77 (2003) @No $ @ @ Tessitori M., Differential display analysis of gene expression in Ertog citron leaves infected by Citrus Viroid III, Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 1769, 228-235 (2007) @No $ @ @ Tabler M. and Tsagris M., Viroids: petite RNA pathogens with distinguished talents, Trends Plant Sci, , 339-48 (2004) @No $ @ @ http://subviral.med.uottawa.ca, (2014) @No $ @ @ Owens R.A. and Hammond R.W., Viroids: Secrets slowly revealed, published in BTi, (2005) @No $ @ @ Flores R., Randles J.W., Bar-Joseph M. and Diener T.O., A proposed scheme for viroid classification and nomenclature, Arch Virol., 143, 623–9 (1998) @No $ @ @ Góra-Sochacka, Viroids: unusual small pathogenic RNAs, Acta Biochimica Polonica., 51(3), 587-607 (2004) @No $ @ @ Steger G. and Riesner D., Properties of Viroids: Molecular characteristics, In: Hadidi A., Flores R., Randles J. and Semancik J., Eds. Viroids: CSIRO Publishing, Australia, 15-29 (2003) @No $ @ @ Riesner D. and Gross H. J., Viroids, Annu Rev Biochem, 54, 531-64 (1985) @No $ @ @ Harders J., Lukács N., Robert-Nicoud M., Jovin T. M. and Riesner D., Imaging of viroids in nuclei from tomato leaf tissue by in situ hybridization and confocal laser scanning microscopy, EMBO J, , 3941-9 (1989) @No $ @ @ Schumacher J., Sänger H. L. and Riesner D., Subcellular localization of viroids in highly purified nuclei from tomato leaf tissue, EMBO J, , 1549-55 (1983) @No $ @ @ Warrilow D. and Symons R. H., Citrus exocortis viroid RNA is associated with the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II in tomato in vivo, Arch Virol, 144, 2367-75 (1999) @No $ @ @ Kolonko N., Bannach O., Aschermann K., Hu K. H., Moors M. and Schmitz M., Transcription of potato spindle tuber viroid by RNA polymerase II starts in the left terminal loop, Virology, 347, 392-404 (2006) @No $ @ @ Baumstark T., Schröder A. 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@Case Study
<#LINE#>Indigenous Knowledge on Utilization of plant Biodiversity for Treatment and Cure of diseases of Human beings in Nagaland, India: A case study<#LINE#>N.N@Zhasa,P@Hazarika,Y.C@Tripathi<#LINE#>89-106<#LINE#>15.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-249.pdf<#LINE#>PCCF, Wildlife and Biodiversity, and Chief Wildlife Warden, Department Of Environment and Forests, Itanagar, Nagaland, INDIA @ Bioprospecting and Indigenous Knowledge Division, Rain Forest Research Institute, Sotai, 785001, Jorhat, Assam, INDIA @ Forest research Institute, Dehradun, New Forest, 248006. Uttarkhand, INDIA <#LINE#>14/1/2014<#LINE#>2/12/2014<#LINE#>A study was carried out to explore indigenous knowledge on utilization of available plant biodiversity which have been utilized for treatment and cure of human ailment by eight Naga tribes i.e. Angami, Zeliang, Ao, Lotha, Sangtam, Konyak, Chakhesang, Rengma, and Khiamniungam in 20 villages of 9 districts of Nagaland during 2005-2010. Selected villages and households were surveyed and interviewed by using the structured schedule (questionnaires) for medicinal plant resources, their uses and information about their relationships with indigenous people. Information about traditional practices adopted for the medicinal resources was also gathered from the ‘Local Medicine Men/Local Healers', Goan-burha (Village Head Man), village elders etc. About 241 plant species belong to 142 families were recorded for traditional medicine used by eight Naga tribes. Highest number of  utilization of medicinal plants were reported from cold regions ( 22.61 %) i.e. from high altitude areas of the state, followed by warm areas ( 25.73 %). Extraction of traditional medicines was highest in case of plant leaf (106 plant species) followed by roots (58 plant species), fruits (45 plant species), whole plant (36 plant species), bark (30 plant species) and the seeds (27 plant species) while the least used  part were flowers and pods (21 plant species). About 33 plant speces were recorded to use for treating dysentery, followed by 20 plant species for treatment of cough and control fever each. Fifteen plant species recorded for treatment of diarrhoea and 12 plant species were recorded to use for treat asthma. 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