@Research Paper 
<#LINE#>Heat Budget of three Limnological important sites of Narmada river, India<#LINE#>VirendraKumar@Soni,Hussain@MohammadDilshad,Sharad@Shrivastava,Salahuddin@Khwaja,D.@ManishVisavadia,Gosai@ChirahM.<#LINE#>1-5<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-117.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, Bahauddin Science College, Junagadh-362001, Gujarat, INDIA @ School of studies in Zoology and Biotechnology, Vikram University, Ujjain, MP, INDIA @ Department of Botany, Bahauddin Science College, Junagadh-362001, Gujarat, INDIA <#LINE#>20/5/2013<#LINE#>9/12/2014<#LINE#>Heat budget can be defined as the amount of heat energy required annually to raise the temperature of a water body from its winter minimum to its summer maximum. To evaluate the extent to which global climate change is affecting the thermal evolution of a lake, river it is necessary to know the annual heat balance of the water body. The productivity of an aquatic body and the metabolism, physiology, behavior of organism’s inhabitat are directly or indirectly related to the temperature of the aquatic environment. The present study was aimed to ascertain the evaluation of heat storage capacity in the form of heat budget at three limnological important sites of the Narmada river. It was conducted on monthly basis for the year 2010. The heat contents were found to be ranged between 16110 – 57550 cal/cm2. Its highest contents were reported at koteshwar dam site while least at Maheshwar dam site. The results showed inefficient or uneconomic heat budget wherein the efficiency of conversion of heat energy towards the biomass and biogenic phenomena is minimum, it is mainly due to excessive evaporation and strong wind currents and its interruption by several submerged rocks reduce the efficiency of utilization of heat energy for biogenic phenomena. It indicated the healthy status of the river.<#LINE#> @ @ Huang G. and Izumiya, Maintaining natural water temperature regime for protecting aquqtic life,Environmental Systems Research, 31, 159–168 (2003) @No $ @ @ Wetzel R.G and Likens G.E., Limnological analysis W.B. Saunders, Co. Philadelphia., 357 (1979) @No $ @ @ Munshi Jayashree Datta and Munshi J.S. Datta,fundamental of freshwater biology, 11 (1995) @No $ @ @ Stewart K.H., Detailed time variations in mean temperatures of some Madison Lakes, Limnol.Oceanogr., 18, 218–225 (1973) @No $ @ @ Crips D.T., Some physical and chemical effects of the cow green (upper teesdale) impoundment, Freashwater Biol., 7, 109–120 (1977) @No $ @ @ Vivier P., Temperature and dissolved oxygen in deep waters in French artificial reservoirs, Schweiz. Z. Hydrol.,22, 350–364 (1960) @No $ @ @ Gorham E., Morphometric control of annual heat budgets in temperate lakes, Limnol. Oceanogr., 9, 525–529 (1964) @No $ @ @ Hutchinson G.E., A treatise on limnology, 1, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 10–15 (1957) Sreenivasan A., Limnology of tropical impoundments III.Limnology and Productivity of Amravathy reservoir,Madras state, India, Hydrobiologia., 26(3–4), 501–516 (1965) @No $ @ @ Sreenivasan A., Limnological studies on Parambikulam Aliyar-Project, I. Aliyar Rwservoir, Madras state, India, Schweiz. Z. Hydrol., 32, 405–417 (1970b) @No $ @ @ Wetzel R.G., Limnology, Saunders College Publishing,Philadelphia., 743 (1975) @No $ @ @ Soni VK, Limnological studies on Western Zone of Narmada River with special reference to physicochemical regimes, Ph.D. thesis, Vikram University, Ujjain, (2008) @No 
<#LINE#>Studies on &#946;-Hemolysin producing Aermonas hydrophilla MTCC 646 source Antibacterial activity<#LINE#>.Y@Ananthkumar,.N@NirmalKumar,Pothiraj.R@<#LINE#>6-9<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-150.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, St.Xavier's College, Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, INDIA @ Department of Botany, VHNSN College, Virudhunagar, Tamil Nadu, INDIA @ Department of Bioengineering, VHNSN College, Virudhunagar, Tamil Nadu, INDIA<#LINE#>27/6/2013<#LINE#>30/10/2014<#LINE#>Aeromonas hydrophila MTCC646 was purchased from Institute of microbial Technology (IMTECH) Chandigarh, and it was investigated for the hemolytic, Proteolytic and antibacterial activities. The ability of the Aeromonas hydrophila MTCC646 to exhibit the above activities was confirmed by the results of blood agar plates, Muller Hinton Agar (MHA) plates seeded with the bacterial pathogens. <#LINE#> @ @ Ramasamy harikrishnan, Chellam Balasundaram, Manchul kim, Ju-sang kim and Moon- Soo Heo., Effective administration route of Azadirachitin and its impact on hematological and Biochemical parameters in gold fish (carassius Auratus ) infected with Aeromonas hydrophila, Bull vet Inst pulawy, 613-619 (2009) @No $ @ @ Alagappan K.M., Devasigamani B., Kumaran S. and Sakthivel K., Histopathological alterations in Estuarine catfish (Arius maculatus; Thunberg,1792) due to Aeromonas hydrophila infection, Would J. of Fish and Marine Sciences, 1(3), 185-189 (2009) No $ @ @Thayumanavan T.,Vivekanandhan G., Savithamani K.,Subash Kumar R. and Lakshmana Perumalsamy P.,Incidence of haemolysin positive and drug-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila in Freshly Caught finfish and prawn Collected from major commercial fish of coastal south India, FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol, 36, 41-45 (2003) @No $ @ @ Mukukhopadhyay C. and Chawla K. Bairy, Emerging extra: Intestinal infections with Aeromonas hydrophila in coastal region of Southern Karnataka, J post grad Med., 3, 199-202 (2008) @No $ @ @ Tang F., Zhu X., Long H. and Zeng Y., The role of Aeromonas hydrophila protease in the utilization of fish Serum Iron invitro, Asian Fisheries Science, 10, 317-321 (1998) @No $ @ @ Anju pandey, Milind Naik and Santosh Kumar Dubey, Hemolysin, Protease and EPS Producing pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila Strain An4 Shows antibacterial activity against Marine Bacterial fish Prathogens, Journal of Marine Biology, Hidawi Pubhishing Corporation, Article ID563205 (2010) @No $ @ @ Vuong C., Kocianova S. and Voyich J.M., A Crucial role for EPS modification in Bacterial Biofilm formation,Immune evasion, and Virulence, The Journal of Biological chemistry, 279(52), 54881-54886 (2004) @No $ @ @ Yambot A.V., Isolation of Aeromonas hydrophila from philippines Oreochromis niloticus during fish disease out breaks in Philippines, Asian Fisheries science, 10, 347- 354 (1998)  @No $ @ @ Rahim Z., Aziz K.M.S., Huq M.I. and Saeed H., Isolation of Aeromonas hydrophila from the Wounds of Five Species of brackish water fish of Bangladesh Bangladesh J. Zoo., 13, 37-42 (1985) @No $ @ @ Uma A., Rebecca G., Meena S. and Saravanabava K.,PCR detection of putative Aerolysin and haemolysin genes in an Aeromonas hydrophila isolate from infected koi carp (Cyprinus carpio), Tamilnadu J. veterinary and Animal Sciences, 6(1), 31-33 (2010) @No $ @ @ McMahon M.A.S., The expression of proteinases and hemolysins by Aeromonas hydrophila under modified atmospheres, Journal of Applied Microbiology, 89, 415-422 (2000) @No $ @ @ Hudson J.A. and Avery S.M., Growdh of Listeria Monocytogenes, Aeromonas hydrophila and Yersinia enterocolitica on cooked muscle tissue and refrigeration and mild temperature abuse, Journal of Food Safety, 14,41-52 (1994) @No $ @ @ Davies A.R., and Slade A., Fate of Aeromonas and Yersinia on modified atmosphere packaged (MAP) cod and trout, Letters in Applied Microbiology, 21, 354-358 (1995) @No $ @ @ Jin Woo Jun, Ji Hyung Kim, Casiano H and Se chang Park, Occurrence of tetracycline: Resistant Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Korean Cyprinid loach(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus), African Journal of Microbiology Research, 4(9), 849-855 (2010) @No $ @ @ Rathinasamy Subash Kumar, Thangavelu Thayumanavan, Govindasamy Vivekanandhan and Perumalsamy Lakshmana Perumalsamy, Occurrence of Aeromons hydrophila in acute gasteroenteritis among Children, Indian J.Med. Res., 123, 61-66 (2006) @No $ @ @ Raul Zemelman, Carlos Gonzalez, Maria A, Mondaca Juan Silva, Carlos Merino and Mariana Dominguez, Resistance of Aeromonas hydrophila to B- Lactum antibiotics, Journal of Antimicrobial chemotherapy, 14, 575-579 (1984) @No $ @ @ Andrea Belem Costa and Jose Eurico Possebon Cyrino,Antibiotic resistance of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from Piaractus Mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887) and Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758), Sci. Agric. (Piracicaba Braz), 63, 281-284 (2006) @No $ @ @ Rahimi Larki E. and Nane S.S., The prevalence of Aeromonas hydrophila induced diarrhea in the Pig, Buffalo and human in Pune area, India, Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research, 7, 53-58 (2006) @No $ @ @ Khalil A.H. and Mansour E.H., Toxicity of crude extracellular products of Aeromonas hydrophila in Tilapia, Tilapia nilotica. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 25, 269-273 (1997) @No $ @ @ Zeaur Rahim, Sanyal S.C., Aziz K.M.S., Huq M.I. and Chowdhury A.A., Isolation of enterotoxigenic, hemolytic, and antibiotic resistant Aeromonas hydrophila Strains from infected fish in Bangladesh, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 48, 865-867 (1984) @No $ @ @ Citarasu T., Alfred Dhas K., Velmurugan S., Thanga Viji V., Kumaran T., Michael Babu M. and Selvaraj T., Isolation of Aeromonas hydrophila from infected ornamental fish Hatchery during massive disease outbreak, International Journal of Current Research, 2, 37-41(2011) @No $ @ @ Wreklind B. and Heden L., Formation of extracellular hemolysin by Aeromonas hydrophila in relation to Proteases and Staphylolytic enzyme, Journal of General Microbiology, 78, 57-65 (1973) @No $ @ @ Brad ford A., Kay Cesar E., Guerrero Bradley and Sack R., Media for isolation of Aeromonas hydrophila. 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<#LINE#>In Vitro Rapid Multiplication of Wrightia Tomentosa (ROXB.) Roem. and Schultz an Endangered Medicinal Tree Species<#LINE#>Penchala@Srinivas,Talari@Samatha,Rudroju@ShyamsundaraChary,Rajinikanth@Marka,Nanna@RamaSwamy<#LINE#>10-14<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-22.pdf<#LINE#>Plant Biotechnology Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Kakatiya University, Warangal, 506009, AP, INDIA  <#LINE#>22/1/2014<#LINE#>22/12/2014<#LINE#>The protocol for in vitro multiple shoot development and plantlet formation was developed using cotyledonary node and shoot tip explant in Wrightia tomentosa (Roxb.) Roem. and Schultz an endangered medicinally important forest tree. The explants were cultured on ¼ strength MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of BAP. Multiple shoots were induced from the cotyledonary nodal segments and shoot tip explants in all the concentrations of BAP. More percentage of multiple shoot induction was observed in cotyledonary nodal explants compared to shoot tips. Maximum number of shoots proliferation (12±1.07) with high frequency of shooting response was found in shoot tip explants followed by nodal explants at 3.0 mg/L BAP. The micro-shoots were cultured on ¼ strength MS medium with various concentrations of auxins IAA/IBA for in vitro rooting. Profuse rhizogenesis (16.2±2.01, 12.8±1.29 cm) was observed on ¼ strength MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L IAA/1.5 mg/L IBA. The in vitro rooted plantlets were transferred to polycups containing sterile soil: vermiculite (1:1) and hardened in the culture room. These acclimatized plants were transferred into field and the survival percentage was found to be 75. These in vitro regenerated plants were similar to donor plant.<#LINE#> @ @ Suchitra B., Mehar Z. and Susil K., In vitro multiplication of Centella asiatica, Curr. Sci., 76, 147-158 (1999) @No $ @ @ Boro P.S., Sharma Deka A.C. and Kalia M.C., Clonal Propagation of Alternanthera Sessilis: A biopharmaceutically potent herbal medicinal plant, J. Phytol. Res., 11, 103-106 (1998) @No $ @ @ Cassel A.C., Walsh C., Belin M., Cambornac M., Rohit J.R. and Lubrano C., Establishment of plantation from micropropagated Arnica chamissonsis a pharmaceutical substitute for the endangered A.montana, Plant Cell Tissue and Organ cult., 156, 139-144 (1999) @No $ @ @ Nepovim A. and Vanek T., In vitro propagation of Stevia rebaucliena plants using multiple shoot culture, Plant Med., 64, 775-776 (1998) @No $ @ @ Villalobos V.M. and Engelmann F., Ex situ conservation of plant germplasm using biotechnology, World J. Microb. Biotech., 11, 375-382 (1995) @No $ @ @ Tiwari V., Singh B.D. and Tiwari K.N., Shoot regeneration and somatic embryogenesis from different explants of Brahmi (Bacopa monniera (L) Wettst), Plant Cell Rep., 17, 538-543 (1998) @No $ @ @ Pillai S. K. and Sinha H.C., In statistical methods for biological works Ramprasad and Sons, Agra, (1968) @No $ @ @ Martin K.P., Rapid propagation of Holostemma adakodien Schult., a rare medicinal plants, through axillary bud multiplication and indirect organogensis, Plant Cell rep., 21, 112-117 (2002) @No $ @ @ Mulwa R.M.S. and Bhalla P.L., In vitro shoot multiplication of Macadancia tetrophylla, L. Johonson, J. Hortic Sci Biotechnol., 75, 1-5 (2000) @No $ @ @ Tornero O.P., Lopez J.M., Egea J. and Burgos L., Effect of basal medium and growth regulators on in vitro propagation of apricol (Prunus armenica) CV. Canino, J Horic sci Biotechnol.,75, 283-286 (2000) @No $ @ @ Krishna Pandey., Kavindra Nath Tiwari., Jayanti Singh., Jay Prakash Verma. and Satya Deo Dubey., In vitro propagation of Clitoria terrnatae L. A rare medicinal plant, J. Medici. Plant Resea.,4(8), 664-668 (2010) @No $ @ @ Wang J., Seliskar D.M. and Gallagher J.L., Plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis in the brackish wetland monocot Seripus robostus, Aquatic Bot.,79, 163-174 (2004) @No $ @ @ Espinosa A.C., Pijut P.M. and Micher C.H., Adventitions shoot regeneration and rooting of Prunus scrotina in vitro culture, Hortic. Sct.,4,193-201 (2006) @No $ @ @ Sasikumar S., Ravinder S., Premkumar S., Ignarimuthu S. and Agastian P., Micropropagation of Baliospermum montanum (wild.) Mucll. Arg.-A threatened medicinal plant, Indian J Biotechnol., 8, 223-226 (2009) @No $ @ @ Yadav V., Lal M. and Jaiswal V.S., Micropropagation of Morus niger from shoot tip and nodal explants and mature trees, Sci Hortic.,44, 61-64 (1990) @No $ @ @ Veltchera M.R. and Svetleva D.L., In vitro regeneration of Phaseolus vulgaris L. Via organogenesis from petiole explants, J. Central Eurp. Agric.,6, 53-58 (2004) @No $ @ @ Rkhis A.C., Maalej M., Messooud S.O. and Drira N., In vitro regenerative growth and flowering of olive tree in response to GA3 treatment, Aft. J.Biotecho., 5, 2096-2302 (2006) @No $ @ @ Gasper T. and Coumams M., Root formation. In cell and tissue culture in foresty. Vol. II Bong, J.M. and Durzan, D.J. (Eols). Marhinus Nijh of publishers Dordrecht, 202-207 (1987) @No $ @ @ Purohit D. and Dave A., Micropropagation of Sterculia urens Roxb. An endangered tree species, Plant Cell Rep.,15, 704-706 (1996) @No $ @ @ Shahin-uz-zaman M., Ashratuzzaman M., Shahidul Haque M. and Lutafan Nahar luna., In vitro clonal propagation of the neem tree (Azadirachta indica) A.Juss, Afr.J.Biotechnol., 7(4), 386-391 (2008) @No $ @ @ Arya D., Patni V. and Kant U., In vitro propagation and querectin quantification in callus cultures of Rasna (Pluchea lanceolate Oliver and Hiern), Indian J. Biotechnol., 7, 383-387 (2008) @No
<#LINE#>Effects of Different Salinities on Growth, Feeding Performance and PlasmaCortisol Level in Hybrid TGGG (Tiger Grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatusxGiant Grouper, Epinephelus lanceolatus) Juveniles<#LINE#>Amni@raihanothman, Gunzo@Kawamura, Shigeharu@Senoo,Ching@FuiFui<#LINE#>15-20<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-132.pdf<#LINE#>Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 kota kinabalu, Sabah, MALAYSIA<#LINE#>15/5/2014<#LINE#>16/10/2014<#LINE#>The hybrid TGGG, tiger grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatusx giant grouper, Epinephelus lanceolatus has a high resistancetowards extreme conditions due to its genetic improvement. This study investigated the effects of different salinities ongrowth, feeding performance and plasma cortisol level in TGGG juveniles. The TGGG juveniles were acclimatized andsubjected to 7 different water salinities at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 part per thousand (ppt) for30 days. The survivalrate, growth rate and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated at 10-day intervals. The optimum salinity is 10 to 20 pptbased on higher growth performance in terms of the final weight (g= gram), average daily growth (ADG=g/f/d,gram/fish/day), and specific growth rate (SGR=%/d ,percentage/day) observed at 10 ppt (19.20±0.63 g, 0.32±0.01g/f/d and 2.69±0.06%/d), 15 ppt (18.52±1.55 g, 0.31±0.04 g/f/d and 2.80±0.22%/d) and 20 ppt (18.17±1.04 g, 0.30±0.03g/f/d and 2.74±0.23%/d). Besides, the optimum salinity was also determined based on the lower feed conversion ratiovalue at 10 ppt (1.24±0.04), 20 ppt (1.26±0.14) and 15 ppt (1.30±0.20). This study shows that high salinity at 35 ppt,(14.38±2.11 g, 0.19±0.02 g/f/d and 1.95±0.40%/d) and 30 ppt, (15.31±0.68 g, 0.21±0.02 g/f/d and 2.06±0.17%/d) leads topoor growth performance of TGGG juveniles. Plasma cortisol levels in 5 ppt (56.50 nmol/L), 15 ppt (19.31 nmol/L) and 35ppt (33.54 nmol/L) were significantly higher compared to those in 10, 20, 25 and 30 ppt. On a broad scale, this study isvery significant in providing useful information for the TGGG to increase mass production and promote economic growth.<#LINE#>@ @Ch’ng C. L. and Senoo S., Egg and larval development ofa new hybrid grouper, tiger grouper, Epinephelusfuscoguttatus x giant grouper, E. lanceolatus. Aquacult,Sci., 56(4), 505-512 (2008)@No $ @ @ Pears R.J., Choat J.H., Mapstone B.D. and Begg G.A.,Demography of a large grouper,Epinephelusfuscoguttatus, from Australia’s Great Barrier Reef :Implications for fishery management, Marine EcologyProgress Series,307, 259–272 (2006)@No $ @ @ Primefacts., Giant Queensland Grouper, NSWdepartment of Primary Industries, New South Wales,Cornish, A., IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 1. In:IUCN 2013. (2013)@No $ @ @ Cornish A., IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.Version 2013.1. In: IUCN, (2013)@No $ @ @ Thomas B.L., Fundemantal of aquaculture engineering,Kluwer Academic Publisher, 2, 12-40 (2002)@No $ @ @ Boeuf G., Payan P., How should salinity influence fishgrowth ?, Comp. Biochem. Phys., CBP, 130(4), 411-23(2001)@No $ @ @ Varsamos S., Nebel C. and Charmantier G., Ontogeny ofosmoregulation in postembryonic fish : A review, Comp.Biochem. Physiol.,141, 401–429 (2005)@No $ @ @ Webster J. and Dill L.M., The energetic equivalence ofchanging salinity and temperature to juvenile salmon,Funct. Ecol., 20, 621–629 (2006)@No $ @ @ Harris J. and Bird D.J., Modulation of the fish immunesystem by hormones, Vet. Immunol. Immunop., 77, 163–176 (2000)@No $ @ @ Hidayat A.S., Effect of salinity on osmoregulationcapacity, feed consumption, feed efficiency and growthof juvenile sea bass (Lates calcarifer Bloch), Msc Thesis,Kasetsart University(2004)@No $ @ @ Morgan J.D., Iwana G.K., Effects of salinity on growth,metabolism, and ion regulation in juvenile rainbow andsteelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and fall chinooksalmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha),Can.J.Fish.Aquatic.Sci., 48, 2083-2094 (1991)@No $ @ @ Imsland A.B., Gunnarson S., Foss A. and StefanssonS.0., Gill Na+, K+- ATPase activity, plasma chloride andosmolalilty in juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)reared at different temperatures and salinities,Aquaculture, 218, 671-683 (2002)  @No $ @ @ Bushnell P.G. and Brill R.W., Oxygen transport andcardiovascular responses in skipjack (Katsuwonuspelamis) and yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) exposedto acute hypoxia, J. comp. Physiol., 162, 131–143 (1992)@No $ @ @ Pandley K. and Shukla J.P., Fish and Fisheries, seconded. Rastogi Publication, New Delhi, 261-275 (2007)@No $ @ @ Sampaio L.A. and Bianchini A., Salinity effects onosmoregulation and growth of the euryhaline flounder,Paralichthys orbigyanus., J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 269,187-196 (2002)@No $ @ @ Pickering A.D. and Pottinger T.G., Biochemical effectsof stress. In : Hochachka P.W., Mommsen T.P., (Eds)Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Fishes, Elsevier,Amsterdam, 349- 379 (1995)@No $ @ @ Wen C.T., Jiann C.C. and Sha Y.C., The effects of asudden salinity change on cortisol, glucose, lactate, andosmolality levels in grouper Epinephelus malabaricus,Fish. Physiol. Biochem.,38, 1323–1329 (2012)@No $ @ @ Ron B., Zohar Y., Borski R., Young G. and Grau E.G.,Effects of dorsal aorta cannulation on cortisol and otherstress parameters in the euryhaline tilapia, Oreochromismossambicus, Aquaculture,135, 213–218 (1995)@No $ @ @ Riche M.A., Timothy J.P., Paul S.W., Jon J.A. and MariaS.S., 2012. Inland marine fish culture in low salinityrecirculating aquaculture systems, Bull. Fish. Res. Agen.,35, 65-75 (2006)@No $ @ @ McMaster M.F., Thomas C.K. and John F.C., Pompanomariculture in low salinity ponds, 2nd InternationalSustainable Marine Fish Culture Conference andWorkshop, October 19-21, 2005 Harbor BranchOceanographic Institution Fort Pierce, Florida, (2005)@No $ @ @ Stickeney R.R., Principles of warmwater aquaculture.John Willey and Sons, New York, 262-314 (1979)@No
<#LINE#>Isolation and Identification of Bacillus thuringiensis from Harpaphe Haydeniana and its Entomotoxic evaluation against Aedes and culex larvae<#LINE#>Cruz@Dela,B.@IanNiel,R.@BautistaJing,G.@TevesFranco<#LINE#>21-26<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-134.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, PHILIPPINES<#LINE#>17/5/2014<#LINE#>21/11/2014<#LINE#>This study was designed to isolate and identify Bacillus thuringiensis from dead Diplopods (Harpaphe havdeniana) and to evaluate its entomotoxicity to Culicidae larvae, Aedes and Culex. Twenty-three (23) viable colonies were selected and characterized through morphological, physiological, cellular, biochemical and antibiotic sensitivity reactions and observations. Only six (6) isolates were presumptively identified as B. thuringiensis as indicated by its endospores that causes toxicity against various kinds of insects. Entomotoxicity activity of the isolates was evaluated by selective bioassay through dose mortality response of different bacterial densities to Aedes and Culex. McFarland Turbidity standards (0.5, 1, 2, and 3) was used to indicate cell count concentrations. Average mortality rate of both larvae was determined through 50% mortality. Only two (2) presumptively identified strains labeled as IF7 and IF15 were entomotoxic. Determination of toxicity was measured by the assessment o f lethal median concentration (LC50) to both larvae in the minimum hour of observation. Results showed that both isolates exhibited higher mortality rate to Culex than on Aedes larvae. Similarly, lethality rate was more evident to Culex than Aedes based on LC50. Final evaluation was done through tests between subject effects (ANOVA). Significant differences between the different bacterial densities and control was indicated and showed that isolate IF7 and IF15 shows efficacy only to Culex larvae. <#LINE#> @ @ Rajagopalan, Comparability of Two Commercial Formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis and B. sphaericus against Larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Various Ecological Niches. Biology Division, Indian Institute of Clinical Technology, (1981) @No $ @ @ Jimenez-Juarez, Environmental and Health Impacts of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis, Report for the Ministry of Health, (2007) @No $ @ @ Balaraman K., Occurrence and diversity of mosquitocidal strains of Bacillus thuringiensis, Review Article J Vect Borne Dis, 42, 81-86 (2005)  @No $ @ @ Glare T.R. and Callaghan M., Environmental and health impacts of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis, Biocontrol and Biodiversity, Grasslands Division, Agricultural Research, (1998) @No $ @ @ National Committee for Clinical and Laboratory Standard, Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, Eleventh Informational Supplement, M100-S11, (2001) @No $ @ @ Gutierrez P.M., Antepuesto A.N., Eugenio B.A.L. and Santos M.F.L., Larvicidal Activity of Selected Plant Extracts against the Dengue Vector Aedes aegypti Mosquito, International Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 3(4), 23-32 (2014) @No $ @ @ Travers R., Martin P. and Relchelderfer C., Selective Process of Efficient Isolation of Bacillus spp., Appl. Environ. Microbiol, 53(6), 1263-1266 (1987) @No $ @ @ Madigan M. and Martinko J., Biology of Microorganisms, 11th ed Prentice Hall, USA, 545-572 (2005) @No $ @ @ Luna A.V., King S.D., Gulledge J., Cannons C.A., Amuso T.P. and Cattani J., Susceptibility of Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus mycoides, Bacillus pseudomycoides and Bacillus thuringiensis to 24 antimicrobials using Sensitire automated microbroth dilution and Etest agar gradient diffusion methods, J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 60(3), 555-567 (2007)  @No $ @ @ Bautista J.R. and Teves F.G., Antibiotic susceptibility testing of isolated Bacillus thuringiensis from three soil types around Iligan City, Philippines, African Journal of Microbiology Research, 7(8), 678-682, (2013)  @No $ @ @ Thomas D.J.I., Morgan A.W., Whipps J.M. and Saunder J.R., Plasmid transfer between Bacillus thuringiensis subsp israelensis strains in laboratory cultures, river water and dipteran larvae, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 67, 330-338 (2001) @No 
<#LINE#>Phytochemical Screening, Chromatographic analysis of Chloroform extract of Conium maculatum<#LINE#>B.@SalmaBegum,M.@Mastan<#LINE#>27-29<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-230.pdf<#LINE#>Dept of Biotechnology, Dravidian University, Kuppam, A.P., 517426, INDIA <#LINE#>24/10/2014<#LINE#>4/1/2015<#LINE#>Objective: To separate the bioactive compounds from crude chloroform extract of Conium maculatum, a herb from Jammu and Kashmir, India. Methods: Chromatographic separation was carried out by thin layer chromatography (TLC) of crude plant extract. Results: Preliminary and TLC technique has revealed the presence of Steroids and Terpinoids<#LINE#> @ @ Holm L., World Weeds, Natural Histories and Distribution, Wiley, New York., 1129 (1997) @No $ @ @ Panter K.E. and Keeler R.F., The hemlocks: Poisonhemlock (Conium maculatum L.) and water hemlock (Cicuta spp), In: James, L., Ralphs, M., Nielsen, D. (Eds.), The Ecology and Economic Impact of Poisonous Plants on Livestock Production, Westview Press, London, 207-235 (1988) @No $ @ @ Panter K.E., Keeler R.F. and Baker D., Toxicoses in livestock from the Hemlocks (Conium and Cicuta spp.), J. Anim. Sci., 66, 2407±2413 (1988a) @No $ @ @ Niko S. Radulovic and Nevenka D. Dordevic, J. Serb. Chem. Soc., 76(11) 1471–1483 (2011) UDC, Conium maculatum, 620.266.1: JSCS–4221, (2011) @No $ @ @ Madaan R and Kumar S., Screening of alkaloidal fraction of Conium maculatum L. Aerial parts for analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity, Indian J Pharm Sci, 2012:75:457-60, Le Stragne, R., A History of Herbal Plants. Angus and Robertson, London, (1977) @No $ @ @ Zdanevich V. and Belodubrovskaya A., Conium maculatum : Chemical composition, useful and harmful properties, Rastitelnye Resursy, 33, 108–113 (1997)  @No $ @ @ Mariswamy Y, Gnaraj WE and Johnson M., Chromatographic finger print analysis of steroids in Aerva lanata L by HPTLC technique, Asian Pac, J Trop Biomed, 428-433 (2011) @No $ @ @ Hota D., Evalution of plant extracts, In: Bioactive medicinal plants, New Delhi: Gene-Tech Books, 86-87 (2010) @No $ @ @ Tripathi AK, Verma RK, Gupta AK, Gupta MM and Khanuja SP, Quantitative determination of phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin in Phyllanthus species by highperformance thin layer chromatography, Phytochem Anal, 17, 394-397 (2006) @No $ @ @ Manikandan A, Victor Arokia and Doss A., Evaluation of biochemical contents, nutritional value, trace elements, SDS-PAGE and HPTLC profiling in the leaves of Ruellia tuberosa L. and Dipteracanthus patulus (Jacq.), J Chem Pharm Res, 2(3), 295-303 (2010) @No $ @ @ Ramya V, Dheena Dhayalan V and Umamaheswari S., In vitro studies on antibacterial activity and separation of active compounds of selected flower extracts by HPTLC, J Chem Pharm Res, 2(6), 86-91 (2010) @No 
<#LINE#>Treatment of Naja Naja (King cobra) Snakebites in Tribal Areas of Adilabad Distric, India, by Hakim<#LINE#>Hafeez@Shaik,J.@Chapla<#LINE#>30-32<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-234.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Botany, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana State, INDIA <#LINE#>7/11/2014<#LINE#>4/1/2015<#LINE#>A direct interview was conducted and collected the information from the Naja Naja snake bitten victims and the curing processes by the Hakim of Adilabad forest. The victim of snakebite mainly depend on Hakim that is traditional healers, for the treatment, may be due to the government health centers are not within the reach and lack of transport. Different snakebites have different symptoms and their treatments also varie. The tribal people prefer traditional herbal plants for the treatment rather than the allopathy medicine. The cure for the snakebite is 100% without any side effects. The different snakes bites have different symptoms, different treatment and different dosages of medicine.<#LINE#> @ @ Mubeen Rizwana, Sadia Fatima, Atiya Khanum, Irfan Ali Khan and Anwar S.Y., Medicinally important plants growing in and around Adilabad district of Andhra Pradesh used in the treatment of different ailments.(Eds.).III, 118-180, (2005) @No $ @ @ Ravishankar T. and Henry A.N., Ethnobotany of Adilabad district of Andhra Pradesh, India, Ethnobotany 4, 45-52 (1992) @No $ @ @ Pullaiah T., Prasanna P.V. and Obulesu G., Flora of Adilabad District (Andhra Pradesh,India) x, 284, map, Details No.6962., (1992) @No $ @ @ Madhu. V. and Suvartha C., Ethnobotanical and Ethnomedicinal Observations in Nirmal Division of Adilabad District, Andhra Pradesh, India, Ethnobotanical Leaflets , 13, 1003-16 (2009) @No $ @ @ Sainkhediya Jeetendra and Aske Dilip Kumar, Ethno Medicinal Plants used by Tribal Communities for the Treatment of Snakebite in West Nimar, MP, India, ISCA, Journal of Biological Sciences,1(2), 77-79 (2012) @No $ @ @ Thirumalai T, Elumalai EK., Viviyan S., Therasa B., Senthilkumar and David E., Ethnobotanical Servey of Folklore Plants for the Treatment of Jaundice and Snakebites in Vellore District of Tamilnadu, India, Ethnobotanical Leaflets, 14, 529-36 (2010) @No $ @ @ Antony Gomes, Rinku Das, Sumana Sarkhel, Roshnara Mishra, Sanghamitra Mukherjee, Shamik Bhattacharya, and Aparna Gomes, Herbs and herbal constituents active against snake bite (Review Article), Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 48, 865-878 (2010) @No $ @ @ Knowles R, The mechanism and treatment of snakebite in India, Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 15(1921), 72 (1921) @No 
<#LINE#>Weed Diversity of Rabi Crops and their Ethnomedicinal uses in Kendrapara District of Odisha, India<#LINE#>GouriSankar@J.P.,K.B.@Satapathy<#LINE#>33-38<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-235.pdf<#LINE#>Post Graduate Department of Botany, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar -751004, Odisha, INDIA <#LINE#>18/11/2014<#LINE#>22/1/2015<#LINE#>An ethnobotanical exploration was carried out during 2010-2012 in four selected C.D. Blocks of Kendrapara district of Odisha namely Rajnagar, Rajkanika, Mahakalpada and Derabish to document the use of weeds found in crop fields during Rabi season. The Rabi crops include green gram, black gram, ground nut, mustard, sun flower, potato and other vegetables such as radish, coriander, cauliflower etc. Farmers, local people, agricultural labourers as well as herbal healers of the said area were approached to collect the information on the uses of the crop weeds in primary health care and as raw materials for the preparation of various herbal formulations. The present investigation revealed the occurrence of 60 weed species belonging to 50 genera and 32 families found associated with the principal crops in these crop fields. Out of these, 38 species are used by the local populace for the treatment of various diseases and disorders of human as well as domestic animals. Some of the widely used weeds include Amannia baccifera for skin infections, Canscora decussata for mental debility, Caesulia axilaris and Centipida minima against worm infestations, Coldenia procumbens to treat wound and injuries of domestic animals, Chrozophora rottleri for jaundice, Seseli diffusum used as diuretic and antispasmodic, Sonchus asper for wound and boils, Sphaeranthus indicus against cough, Spilanthes paniculata against toothache, Trichodesma indica useful in stomach disorder, abdominal pains and skin diseases, Urena lobata in the treatment of rheumatism and Xanthium indicum against skin diseases of cattle. Further studies on the phytochemical screening of these native ethnomedicinal crop weeds may lead to the discovery of new bioactive molecules towards the development of drugs for safer use. On the other hand, the above findings may be of immense help to the labourers or marginal farmers to get additional livelihood for organized collection, processing and marketing of these medicinal crop weeds depending on the demand of the pharmaceutical houses. <#LINE#> @ @ Aminuddin and Girach R.D., Observations on Ethnobotany of the Bhumija : A tribe of Sonabera Plateau, Ethnobotany, 5(1 and 2), 83-85 (1993) @No $ @ @ Jain S.K., Dictionary of Indian folk medicine and Ethnobotany, Deep Publications, New Delhi, (1991) @No $ @ @ Mondal P. and Mukherjee P.K., Notes on ethnobotany of Keonjhar district, Orissa. J. Econ. Tax. Bot. Addl. ser., 10, 7-18 (1992) @No $ @ @ Satapathy K.B., Interesting Ethnobotanical uses from Juang, Kolha and Munda tribes of Keonhjar district of Orissa,. Ethnobotany, 20, 99-105 (2008) @No $ @ @ Satapathy K.B., Ethnoveterinary practices in Jajpur district of Orissa, Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 9(2), 338-343 (2010) @No $ @ @ Satapathy K.B. and Brahmam M., Some medicinal plants used by tribal of Sundargarh district, Orissa, India, In Ethnobotany in human welfare (Ed. Jain S.K.), 153-158, Deep publication, New Delhi (1996) @No $ @ @ Satapathy K.B. and Brahmam M., Some interesting phyto-therapeutic claims of tribals of Jajpur district, Orissa, India, J. Econ. Tax. Bot., 23(2), 467-472 (1999) @No $ @ @ Satapathy K.B. and Chand P.K., Plants used in healthcare of tribal women and children of Sundergarh district of Orissa, Plant Sci. Res., 25(1 and 2), 52-57 (2003) @No $ @ @ Saxena H.O. and Dutta P.K., Studies on the ethnobotany of Orissa, Bull. Bot Surv. India, 7(1-4), 124-131 (1975) @No $ @ @ Tribedi G.N., Kayal R.N. and Chaudhury Rai H.N., Some medicinal plants of Mayurbhanj Orissa, Bull. Bot. Surv. India, 24, 117-120 (1982) @No $ @ @ Satapathy K.B., Sahu B.B. and Jena G.S., Crop weeds diversity and their ethnomedicinal uses in the treatment of common ailments in Jajpur district of Odisha, India, IJMA, 2(1), 80-89 (2012)  @No $ @ @ Saxena H.O. and Brahmam M., Flora of Orissa, 4 parts, Orissa Forest Development Corporation, Bhubaneswar- 751003, (1994-96) @No $ @ @ Pattanaik H., Some useful weeds in and around Cuttack, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 54, 140-152 (1956) @No $ @ @ Pal D.C., Plants used in treatment of cattle and birds among tribal of eastern India, In: Contribution to Indian Ethnobotany (Ed.Jain S.K.), 285, Scientific Publications, Jodhpur, (1991) @No 
<#LINE#>Influence of Biotic and Abiotic Factors on Tritrophic Relations of Mulberry, Mealy Bug, Maconellicoccus Hirsutus (Green) and its Entomophages<#LINE#>A.@Mahimasanthi,S.@PrasannaKumar,G.S@Vindhya,V.@Sivaprasad<#LINE#>39-43<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-236.pdf<#LINE#>Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Srirampura, Mysore, 8, INDIA @ Scott Christian College, Nagercoil, Kanyakumari Dist, Tamilnadu, INDIA <#LINE#>19/11/2014<#LINE#>5/1/2015<#LINE#>The biotic and the abiotic factors influencing the tritrophic relations between the mulberry, the mealy bug and its entomophages were studied to enhance the efficacy of integrated pest management technique against the pest. The biotic and the abiotic factors heavily influenced the tritrophic relations. The temperature showed positive correlation with the mealy bug infestation and its population while the relative humidity, rainfall and rainy days showed a negative correlation. The seasonal activity of the entomophages coincided with the activity of the mealy bugs. The entomophages population is significantly positively correlated with temperature and negatively correlated with rainfall, rainy days and humidity. The major biotic factors affecting the relations are the presence of four types of ants. The average number of mealy bug population was comparatively higher in ant attended colonies (61.22) than unattended ones (49.22).  The population of predatory fauna decreased significantly (1.0) on ants association compared to the mealy bug infested shoots free from the ants (4.78) which indicates the deterring potentiality of the attendant ants on predators. Results revealed that the abiotic factors should be considered before the release of bio control agents, the movement of ants should be restricted and generalized predator should be encouraged. <#LINE#> @ @ Rajadurai S. and Thiagarajan. V., Mulberry sap sucking pests, Ind.  Silk., 42), 5-8 (2003) @No $ @ @ Tscharntke T. and Hawkins B.A., Multitrophic level interactions, Cambridge University press, Cambridge, U.K.  (2002) @No $ @ @ Saxena A.B., Ecology of Insects, Ammol publications Pvt Ltd., New Delhi (1996) @No $ @ @ Downdeswell. Ecology, Principles and Practice, Heinemann Educational, Oxford  (1984) @No $ @ @ Mahimasanthi A., Nalini, R. and Rajavel S., Studies on tritrophic interactions of Maconellicoccus hirsutus on popular mulberry varieties, Ind. J. Seri., 53), 40-52, (2014) @No $ @ @ Aswathi V.B., Introduction to general and applied Entomology, Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur, India. (1997) @No $ @ @ Odum E.D., Basic Ecology, Holt Saunders International Editions, Japan, (1983) @No $ @ @ Rao A.A., Teotia R.S., Chauhan S.S., Chakraborty S. and Subba Rao G., Studies on the seasonal incidence of the    mealy bug, (Maconellicoccus hirsutus Green) causing tukra on mulberry in west Bengal, Ind. J. Seri, 32),  111-113 (1993) @No $ @ @ Crawley M.J., Population dynamics of natural enemies and their prey, In: Natural enemy’s population, biology of predators, parasites and diseases, Oxford Blackwell scientific publications, London, 40-89, (1990) @No $ @ @ Chakraborty N., Santhakumar and Sen S.K., Studies on the feeding potential of a cocinellid predator,  Nephus sp. on Pink mealy bug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus, Sericologia, 39(2), 193-99 (1999) @No $ @ @ Ahmed D and Malik M.A.,  Spiders for biological control of mulberry pests, Ind. Silk, 26(1), 18-19 (1987) @No $ @ @ Mahimasanthi A., Sakthivel N., Nalini, R and Rajavel S., Association of ants with pink hibiscus mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) and its influence on predatory fauna in mulberry ecosystem, J. Bio. Pest., 7(1), 47-51 (2014) @No 
<#LINE#>Enzymatic Isolation of the Components of Female Germ units of Hevea brasiliensis towards the Development of Haploids<#LINE#>U.K.@Divya,K@Rekha,S@Sobha,S@Sushamakumari<#LINE#>44-48<#LINE#>10.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-240.pdf<#LINE#>Advance centre for Molecular biology and Biotechnology, Rubber Research Institute of India-686 009, Kerala, INDIA <#LINE#>26/11/2014<#LINE#>4/1/2015<#LINE#>Hevea brasiliensis, the sole commercial source of natural rubber, is a perennial tree crop with a long breeding cycle which makes genetic improvement through conventional breeding much time consuming and laborious. Female gametophytic studies leading to gynogenic haploids can be used as an alternative in vitro approach towards crop improvement of Hevea. Female Germ Units (FGU) can be isolated and the cells can be cultured in vitro for the development of haploids as well as homozygous diploids which may be used in further breeding programmes. Also the components of FGU, which are all haploid in nature except the central cell, can be utilized for breeding through in vitro fertilization and gameto-somatic hybridisation. The present study was undertaken to standardise an efficient method for the isolation of FGU from female flowers of Hevea brasiliensis. Ovules isolated from mature female flowers, one day before anthesis, were exposed to different combinations and concentrations of the enzymes cellulase, pectolyase, macerozyme and rhozyme for different time intervals (2-20h). An enzyme solution containing 0.6% cellulase (Onozuka R-10), 0.4% macerozyme (R-10), 0.6M mannitol, 5mM MES, 1g l-1 potassium sulphate and 1g l-l dextrose was found to be the most effective one in the release of FGUs. Egg cell release initiated from the micropylar end of the ovule within 6 h of enzymatic digestion, followed by the release of antipodals from the chalazal end. Maximum release of FGU components was observed by about 16 h of digestion. All the released cells were collected together by centrifuging at 100 rpm for 2 min and cultured in different media for further development. <#LINE#> @ @ Kisana N.S, Nkongolo K.K, Quick J.S and Jphnson D.L., Production of doubled haploids by another culture and wheat × maize method in wheat breeding program, Plant breeding., 110, 96-102 (1993)  @No $ @ @ Sharma H, Yang Y and Ohm H., An assessment of doubled haploid production in soft red winter wheat by wheat × corn wide crosses, Cereal research Communications., 30, 269-275 (2002) @No $ @ @ Guha S. and Maheshwari S.C., In vitro production of embryos from anthers of Datura, Nature, 204, No. 4957, 497, ISSN 0028-0836 (1964) @No $ @ @ Keller E.R. and Korzun L., Haploidy in onion (Allium cepa L.) and other Allium species. In: In Vitro Haploid Production in Higher Plants., 3., Jain M.S., Sopory S.K. and Veilleux R.E. (Eds.) Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht., 51–75 (1996) @No $ @ @ Lakshmi T.V.R, Aruna Lakshmi K and Narayana R., Culture of Unfertilized Embryo Sacs of Pearl Millet - Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br., Plant Tissue Cult., 12(1), 19-25 (2002) @No $ @ @ Peixe A, Barroso J, Potes A, Pais MS, Induction of haploid morphogenic calluses from in vitro cultured anthers of Prunus armeniaca cv. “Harcot”, Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult, 77, 35-41 (2004) @No $ @ @ Yang W.C., Female gametophyte development, In: Basra AS (ed) Handbook of seed science and technology, Haworth Press, New York, 27–62 (2006) @No $ @ @ Elgersma A and Sniezko R., Cytology of seed development related to floret position in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), Euphytica., S, 59-68 (1988) @No $ @ @ Leduc N, Matthys-Rochon E and Dumas C., Deleterious effect of minimal enzymatic treatments on the development of isolated maize embryo sacs in culture, Sex Plant Reprod., 8, 313–317 (1995) @No $ @ @ Cocking, EC., A method for the isolation of plant protoplasts and vacuoles. Nature, 187, 962-963 (1960) @No $ @ @ Mol R., Isolation of protoplasts from female gametophytes of Torenia fournieri, Plant Cell Rep., 5, 202–206 (1986) @No $ @ @ Katoh N, Lorz H and Kranz E., Isolation of viable egg cells of rape (Brassica napus L.), Zygote., 5, 31–33 (1997) @No $ @ @ Hoshino Y, Nishino E and Mii M., Isolation of embryo sacs from Dianthus ovules by enzymatic treatments and microdissection, Plant Cell Reports., 19, 443–447 (2000) @No $ @ @ Popielarska M and Przywara L., In vitro culture of isolated living sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) embryo sacs, Sexual Plant Reproduction., 16, 23–33 (2003) @No $ @ @ Yoichiro H, Naho M and Koichi S., Isolation of Individual Egg Cells and Zygotes in Alstroemeria Followed by Manual Selection with a Microcapillaryconnected Micropump, Annals of Botany., 97, 1139– 1144 (2006) @No $ @ @ Mehri-Kamoun R., Effect of Pectolyase Y-23 and cellulase Onozuka RS on the yield of viable protoplasts of Prunus cerasus L., Montmorency, Biotechnol. Agron. Soc. Environ., 5(2), 99–104 (2001) @No $ @ @ Haicour R., Assani A., Matsumoto K. and Guedira A., Use of cell and protoplast cultures for banana improvement biotechnologies, Breeding Banana and Plantain for resistance to diseases and pests (CIRAD, Ed.), 327-338 (1993)  @No $ @ @ Fu Y, Sun M.X, Yang H.Y and Zhou C., In vitro divisions of unfertilized central cells and other embryo sac cells in Nicotiana tabacum var. macrophylla, Acta Bot Sin., 39, 778–781 (1997) @No $ @ @ Huang B.Q and Russell S.D., Synergid degeneration in Nicotiana: a quantitative, fluorochromatic and chlorotetracycline study, Sex. Plant Reprod., 5, 151-155 (1992) @No $ @ @ Ratchada S, Dong P.C, Kanyaratt S, Mas., Direct isolation of female ferm units from ovules of petunia Gametosomatic hybridization between egg cybrida by enzymatic treatment without releasing somatic protoplass from ovular tissue, Plant Biotechnology., 26, 369–375 (2009)  @No $ @ @ Holm P.B, Knudsen S, Mouritzen P, Negri D, Olsen FL and Roue C., Regeneration of fertile barley plants from mechanically-isolated protoplasts of the fertilized egg cell, The Plant Cell.,6, 531–543 (1994) @No $ @ @ Leduc N, Matthys-Rochon E and Dumas C., Deleterious effect of minimal enzymatic treatments on the development of isolated maize embryo sacs in culture, Sex Plant Reprod., 8, 313–317 (1995) @No $ @ @ Van der Maas HM., Zaal MACM., De Jong ER., Krens FA and Van Went JL., Isolation of viable egg cells of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), Protoplasma.,173, 86-89 (1993) @No 
<#LINE#>Heavy Metal Contamination of Some Common Tubers Sold in Local Markets of Ernakulam District, Kerala, India<#LINE#>L@Divya,Jessen@George,G@Midhun<#LINE#>49-52<#LINE#>11.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-002.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Water and Health, JSS University, S S Nagar, Mysore-570015 Karnataka, INDIA @ Division of Coastal and Marine Ecology, Gujarat Institute of Desert Ecology, Bhuj-370001.Gujarat, INDIA <#LINE#>5/1/2015<#LINE#>19/2/2015<#LINE#>A study was conducted in three different markets of Ernakulam district to check the concentration of heavy metal in tuber foods. The accumulation of heavy metals was studied in tubers such as colocasia, elephant yam, potato, sweet potato,tapioca and yam, were collected from three different markets of Ernakulam district (Cochin, Thripunithura, Ernakulam).All the collected samples were washed, dried, digested and the concentration of heavy metals was found out using atomicabsorption spectrophotometer (AAS). It has been observed that the peeled samples were having less concentration ofmetals than the unpeeled samples collected from three markets. The samples were collected from Thripunithura marketshowed more contamination than other two samples. The Zinc content of few samples exceeded the Food Adulteration Act(PFA) limit. The copper content was not that much high compared to PFA limit in all the observed samples. The cadmiumcontent of most samples exceeded the PFA Limit. The lead contend of all samples were above the PFA limit. <#LINE#> @ @  Raphael EC., Opia Eunice E and Frank E O., Trace metals distribution in some common tuber crops and leafy vegetables grown in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, Pakistan Journal of Nutrition., 9(10), 957-961 (2010) @No $ @ @ Chibowski S., Studies of radioactive contaminations and heavy metal content in vegetables and fruit from Lubin, Poland, Polish Journal of Environmental Studies., 9, 249 (2000) @No $ @ @ Neelam K., Handbook of Agriculture, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, 3, 60-65 (1995) @No $ @ @ Asolu SS and Asaolu MF., Trace metal distribution in Nigerian leafy vegetables, Pakistan Journal of Nutrition., 9, 91-92, (2010) @No $ @ @ Joan E McLean and Bert E Bledsoe., Behavior of Metals in Soils, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, EPA/540/S-92/018, (1992) @No $ @ @ Alan Wild., Soils and the Environment: An Introduction, Cambridge University Press, 1, 189-203 (1996) @No $ @ @ Raymond A Wuana and Felix E Okieimen., Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soils: A Review of Sources, Chemistry, Risks and Best Available Strategies for Remediation, International Scholarly Research Network ISRN Ecology., Article ID 402647, 20 pages doi:10.5402/2011/402647, (2011) @No $ @ @ Masil Khana and John Scullion., Effects of metal (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb or Zn) enrichment of sewage-sludge on soil micro-organisms and their activities, Applied Soil Ecology., 20,145-155, (2002) @No $ @ @ Larsen EH., Moseholm L and Nielsen MM., Atmospheric deposition of trace elements around point sources and human health risk assessment II: Uptake of Arsenic and Chromium by vegetables grown near a wood presentation factory, Science Total environment., 126, 263-275, (1992) @No $ @ @ Srinivas N., Ramakrishna Rao S and Suresh Kumar K., Trace metal accumulation in vegetables grown in industrial and semi urban areas - A case study, Applied Ecology and Environmental. Res., 7, 131-139 (2009)  @No $ @ @ Scott DY., Manual on microwave digester, 3-10, (1998) @No $ @ @ Fiona MA., Ravi A., Dolf TL., Bhupal DS., Rana PB., Neela M., Chandra S., Nigel P., Madhoolika A and Singh S D., Heavy metal contamination of vegetable in Delhi, Indian Agricultural Research Institute., 3, 121-125 (2003) @No $ @ @ Thomas GS and William MS., Chemistry of the Environment, Hall of India Private Limited, 8(2), 41-58, (2004) @No
<#LINE#>Studies on Monthly and Seasonal Variations in Primary Productivity of Glacial fed Mountainous Goriganga River in Kumaun Himalaya,Uttarakhand, India<#LINE#>Ashok@Kumar<#LINE#>53-65<#LINE#>12.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-004.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, Kumaun University, Soban Sigh Jeena Campus Almora-263601, INDIA <#LINE#>7/1/2015<#LINE#>21/2/2015<#LINE#>The primary productivity of Glacial fed Mountainous Goriganga River in Kumaun Himalaya, Uttarakhand India has been estimated for two years from July-2006 to June-2008. Monthly and seasonal variations in Gross Primary Productivity (GPP), Net Primary Productivity (NPP) and Community Respiration (CR) were studied at three selected spots (spot-1, Jauljibi-600msl; spot-2, Baram- 900msl and spot-3, Madkot-1300msl). GPP values ranged between 0.024 gC/m2 /day to 0.198 gC/m2 /day, NPP values ranged between 0.012 gC/m2 /day to 0.124 gC/m2 /day and Community Respiration (CR) values ranged between 0.008 gC/m2 /day to 0.086 gC/m2 /day. Monthly, seasonal, yearly and selected spot wise variations in primary productivity including coefficient correlations have also been recorded and discussed in detail in the present paper<#LINE#> @ @  Reynolds C.S., The Ecology of Freshwater Plankton, Cambridge University Press, 384 (1984)  @No $ @ @  Sreenivasan A., Energy transformation through primary productivity and fish production in some tropical freshwater impoundments and ponds, In Proc. IBP. UNESCO, Symposium on productivity problems of French water, Kamierz Deiny, Poland May 6, 1970,(1972)  @No $ @ @ Ganapathi S.V. and Sreenivasan A., Energy flow in aquatic ecosystem India, In Kazak, Z and Hillbrick III Kowska, A (Eds), Productivity problems of fresh water. PWN, Warsaw., 457-475 (1972) @No $ @ @ Natrajan A.V. and Pathak V., Bioenergetic approach to the productivity of manmade lakes, J. Indian Fish Soc. India, 12(1), 1-13 (1980) @No $ @ @ Juday C., The annual budget of an inland lake, Ecology, 21, 438-450 (1940) @No $ @ @ Lindeman R.L., The trophic dynamic aspect of ecology, Ecology, 23, 399-418 (1942) @No $ @ @ Sreenivasan A., Primary production in three Upland lakes of Madras State, India, Current Science, 32, 130-131 (1963) @No $ @ @ Michael P., Ecological methods for field and laboratory investigation, Tata M.C. Graw Hill. Pub. Comp. Ltd. New Delhi, 401, (1984)  @No $ @ @ Joshi B.D., Pathak J.K., Singh Y.N., Bisht R.C.S. and Joshi N., Phytoplankton production in the snow fed river Bhagirathi in the Garhwal Himalaya, Him.J.Env.Zool., 7, 60-63 (1993) @No $ @ @ Ali M. and Khan A.A., Studies on the primary production in two ponds at Aligarh, J. Asiatic Soc. Bangladesh, (Sc.), 3(2), 92-98 (1978) @No $ @ @ Kannan V. and Job S.V., Diurnal seasonal and vertical study of primary production in Sathiar reservoir, Hydrobiologia, 70, 171-178 (1980) @No $ @ @ Ahmad S.S., Primary production in a tropical pond at Dasbanga, J. Natcon., 1, 1-6 (1990) @No $ @ @ Mahajan A. and Kanhere R.R., Primary productivity studies in three fresh water ponds of M.P., Poll. Res., 15(2), 133-135 (1996) @No $ @ @ Steeman Nielsen., The use of radioactive carbon (14C) for measuring primary production in the seas, Journal du Conseil. Couceil Permanent Internationalpour I’Exploration de la Mer, 18, 117-140 (1952) @No $ @ @ Ryther J.H., The measurement of primary production, Limnology and Oceanography, 1, 72-84 (1956) @No $ @ @ Vinberg G.G., Primary production of seas and continental waters Minsk, 407 (In Russian, contents in English) (1961) @No $ @ @ Peterson B.J., Aquatic primary productivity and the 14CCO2 method, A history of the productivity problem, Annual review of Ecology and Systematics, 11, 359-385 (1980)  @No $ @ @ Verma J.P. and Mohanty R.C., Primary productivity and its correlation with certain selected physico-chemical and bio-community parameters, Environ. Ecol., 12(3), 625-629 (1994) @No $ @ @ Moss B., Wetzel R. G. and Luff G.H., Annual productivity and phytoplankton change between 1969 and 1974 in Gull lake, Michigan, Fresh water Biol., 10, 113-121 (1980) @No $ @ @ Jhingran V.G., Fish and fisheries of India, 3rd Edn, Hindustan Publishing Corporation (India) Delhi, (1992) @No $ @ @ Paul A., Das B.K. and Das S.K., Interrelationship between primary productivity and environmental nutrients of two water bodies in Kalyani, West Bengal, Indian J. Fish., 54(3), 259-265 (2007) @No $ @ @ Datta N.C. and Chaudhury S., Primary productivity and its correlation with physico-chemical parameters of a fresh water sewage impoundment near Calcutta, Environment and Ecology, 2, 65-68 (1984) @No $ @ @ Rawson D.S., Morphometry as a dominant factor in the productivity of large lakes, Proc. Int. Assoc. Limnol., 12, 164-175 (1955) @No $ @ @ Ohle W., Limno. Oceano., 3, 139 (1956) @No $ @ @ Teal J.M., Community metabolism in temperature cold springs, Ecol. Flow through an aquatic ecosystem, In water Pollution and Management, Edited by C. K. Varshney, Wiley Eastern Limited., 242 (1957) @No $ @ @ Ganapathi S.V., Energy available relationships in natural in natural aquatic biosystems in India, Tropical Ecology, 11(1), 49-69 (1970) @No $ @ @ Koli V.K. and Ranga M.M., Physico-chemical staus and primary productivity of Ana Sagar Lake, Ajmer (Rajasthan), India, Universal journal of environmental research and technology, 1(1), 286-292 (2011) @No $ @ @ Patel V., Shukla S.N. and Pandey U., Studies on primary productivity with special reference to their physicchemical status of Govindgarh Lake Rewa (M.P), India, IJSR v0l., 2(11) 508-510 (2013) @No $ @ @ Janmoni N., Debojit B. and Biswas S.P., Study on seasonal productivity of two rivers receiving petrochemical effluent from NRL, Assam, India, Int. Res. J. Biol. Sci., 3(12), 62-66 (2014) @No $ @ @ Bott T.L., Primary productivity and community respiration in Hauer, and Lamberti G.A., eds., Stream ecology-Field and laboratory exercise: San Diego, Calif., Academic Press, 533-556 (1996) @No $ @ @ Bais V.S., Arawal N.C. and Tazeen A., Seasonal Changes in Phytoplankton Productivity due to artificial enrichment of nutrients: A situ experiments, J. Environ. Biol., 18(3), 249-255 (1997) @No $ @ @ Birasal N.R., The primary productivity of the supa reservoir during its filling phase, J. Environ. Biol.,17(2), 127-132 (1996) @No $ @ @ Shukla A.N. and Pawar S., Primary productivity of Govindsagar Lake, Rewa (M.P), India, Indian Journal of Environment and Pollution, 8(3), 249-253 (2001) @No $ @ @ Sultan S., Chauhan M. And Sharma V.I., Physicochemical status and primary productivity of Pahunj reservoir, Uttar Pradesh, J. Inland Fish. Soc. India, 35, 73-80 (2003) @No $ @ @ Upadhyay K. K., Productivity and energy flow in the Ramganga (W) river system in Kumaun Himalaya, Ph.D. Thesis Kumaun University Nainital, (2002) @No $ @ @ Pathani S.S. and Mahar S., Study on population of plankton in the river Suyal of Uttaranchal, India, Flora and Fauna, 12(2), 93-99 (2006) @No $ @ @ Adoni A.D., Work book of limnology, Pratibha Publishers, Sagar India, 209 (1985) @No $ @ @ Basheer V.S., Asif A., Khan and Aftab A., Seasonal variations in the primary productivity of a pond receiving sewage effluents, J. Inland Fish. Soc. India, 28(1), 76-82 (1996) @No $ @ @ Mahar S. Ecology of the suyal river of the Kumaun Himalaya, Ph.D. Thesis, K.U. Nainital, (2002) @No $ @ @ Joshi B.D., Bisht R.C.S. and Semwal V.P., Primary productivity in Western Ganga canal at Hardwar, Indian J. Ecol., 22(2), 123-126 (1995) @No $ @ @ Shukla S.C., Tripathi B.D., Kant R., Deepa K.V. and Pandey V.S., Physico-chemical and Biological characteristics of river Ganga from Mirzapur andBallia, Indian Journal of Environment and Health, 31(3), 218- 227 (1989) @No $ @ @ Baduni Veena., Temporal trends in Primary productivity in the river Alaknanda (Garhwal Himalaya), (Ed.) H. R. Singh, Advances in Limnology, 159-162 (1993) @No $ @ @ Pathani S.S., Upadhayay K.K. and Joshi S.K., Some Physico-chemical Parameters and Primary Productivity of river west Ramganga (Uttarnchal), Him. J. Env. Zool., 16(2), 151-158 (2002) @No $ @ @ Vollenweider R.A., A Manual on Methods for Measuring Productivity in Aquatic Environment I.B.P, Hand Book, 12, Blackwells Oxford, (1974) @No $ @ @ Mukhohpdhyay S. K., Ghosh A. and Roy S., Primary productivity of plankton in two fresh water bodies at Chinsura in summer, Geobios, 24(1), 4-50 (1997) @No $ @ @ Nasar S.A., Dutta K. S. and Munshi. J., Studies on Primary Production in fresh water Pond, Jap. Jour Ecol., 25, 21-23 (1975) @No $ @ @ Ali M. and Khan A.A., Studies on the primary production in two ponds at Aligarh, J. Asiatic Soc. Bangladesh, (Sc.), 3(2), 92-98 (1978)  @No $ @ @ Dash M.C., Mishra P.C., Kar G.K. and Das R.C., Hydrobiology of Hirakund Reservoir, In: Ecology and Pollution of Indian lakes and reservoirs, (Eds.) Mishra P.C. and Trivedy R.K, Ashish Publishing House, New Delhi, 317-337 (1993)  @No $ @ @ Nautiyal P., Studies on the riverine ecology of torrential waters in the Indian uplands of the Garhwal region, I. Seasonal variations in percentage occurrence of planktonic algae, Uttar Padesh J. Zool., 5(1), 14-19 (1985) @No $ @ @ Singh H.R., Nautiyal P., Dobriyal R.C., Pokhriyal R.C., Negi M., Baduni V., Nautiyal R., Agarwal N.K., Pautiyal P. and Gautam A., Water quality of river Ganga (Garhwal Himalaya), Acta Hydrobiologia, 36(1), 3-15 (1994) @No $ @ @ Mukhohpdhyay S.K., Limnological investigation in lotic and lentic fresh water bodies in and around Darjelling, West Bengal, India, Geobios, 23(2), 101-106 (1996) @No $ @ @ Khan A. A. and Siddiqui A.Q., Primary production in a tropical fish pond at Aligarh, India, Hydrobiologia, 37, 447-456 (1971) @No $ @ @ Vijayagashavan S., Seasonal variations in Primary Productivity in three tropical ponds, Hydrobiol, 38, 395- 408 (1971) @No $ @ @ Arvola I., Primary production and phytoplankton in two small polylimnic forest lakes in southern Finnland, Hydrobiologia, 101, 105-110 (1983) @No $ @ @ Goldman C.R. and Wetzel R.G., A study of primary productivity of clear lake country California, Ecology, 44, 283-294 (1963) @No 
<#LINE#>Biological Treatment of Meat Processing Wastewater using Anaerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor (ASBR)<#LINE#>Myra@Tansengco,David@Herrera,Judith@Tejano,Marina@Yao,Beraye@JoseRicky,Reynaldo@Esguerra<#LINE#>66-75<#LINE#>13.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-006.pdf<#LINE#>Environment and Biotechnology Division, Industrial Technology Development Institute, Department of Science and Technology, General Santos Avenue, Bicutan, Taguig City, 1631 Metro Manila, PHILIPPINES @ Chemicals and Energy Division, Industrial Technology Development Institute, Department of Science and Technology, General Santos Avenue, Bicutan, Taguig City, 1631 Metro Manila, PHILIPPINES <#LINE#>12/1/2015<#LINE#>20/2/2015<#LINE#>Effluents from meat processing industries contain high organic compounds and other contaminants that can cause harmful effects to the environment. Treatment of this wastewater to produce acceptable quality of effluent is therefore needed. This study aimed to determine the feasibility of using anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) for treatment of meat processing wastewater and for biogas production. A laboratory-scale ASBR was designed and fabricated with an active volume of 10 liters (L) consisting of 60% wastewater and 40% sludge inoculum. The effects of different ASBR reaction durations were examined to determine the appropriate reaction time needed to achieve high organic removal in meat processing wastewater. Actual batch ASBR operation composed of four phases per cycle (24 hours): wastewater filling - 0.5 h, reaction -16 h, settling -7 h, and decantation -0.5 h. Post-treatment of effluent was done using granulated activated carbon. During biomethanation process in ASBR, pollutant removal was: 94% chemical oxygen demand (COD), 93% biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), 54% suspended solids, 58% turbidity, and 53% color. The concentration of COD and BOD in treated effluent was 116 mg/L and 78 mg/L, respectively. Biogas generated during the ASBR reaction was 2.7 L/day with 61% methane content. Post-treatment of effluent further reduced the concentrations of pollutants to acceptable level with 76 mg/L COD and 20 mg/L BOD. Biological treatment using ASBR and post-treatment with activated carbon was proven effective in reducing organic pollutants in meat processing wastewater.<#LINE#> @ @  Sroka E., Kaminski W. and Bohdziewics J., Biological treatment of meat industry wastewater, Desalination, 162(10), 85-91 (2004) @No $ @ @ Masse D. I., Droste R.L., Kennedy K.J., Patni N.K. and Munroe J.A., Potential for the psychrophilic anaerobic treatment of swine manure using a sequencing batch reactor, Can. Agr. Eng., 39(1), 25-33 (1997) @No $ @ @ Dague R.R., Habben C.E. and Pidaparti S.R., Initial studies on the Anaerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor, Water Sci. Technol., 26 (9-11), 2429-2432 (1992) @No $ @ @ Masse D.I. and Masse L. Treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater in anaerobic sequencing batch reactors, Can. Agr. Eng., 42(3), 131-137 (2000) @No $ @ @ Masse D.I. and Masse L. Characterization of wastewater from hog slaughterhouses in Eastern Canada and evaluation of their in-plant wastewater treatment systems, Can. Agr. Eng., 42(3), 139-146 (2000) @No $ @ @ Ndegwa P.M., Hamilton D.W., Lalman J.A. and Cumba H.J., Optimization of anaerobic sequencing batch reactors treating dilute swine slurries, Trans. ASAE, 48(4), 1575-1583 (2005) @No $ @ @ Xiangwen S., Peng D., Teng Z. and Ju X., Treatment of brewery wastewater using anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR), Bioresour. Technol., 99(8), 3182-3186 (2008) @No $ @ @ Sung S. and Dague R.R., Laboratory studies on the anaerobic sequencing batch reactor, Water Environ. Res., 67(3), 294-301 (1995) @No $ @ @ Hamilton D.W., Steele M.T. and Ndegwa P.M., The anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR), an advanced anaerobic digester for dilute live swine production byproducts, In Proceedings of the International Conference on Agricultural Engineering, Valencia, Spain: CIGR (2012) @No $ @ @ Donoso-Bravo A., Carballa M., Ruiz-Filippi G. and Chamy R., Treatment of low-strength sewage with high suspended organic matter content in an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor and modeling application, Electron. J. Biotechnol., 12(3), 1-10 (2009) @No $ @ @ Ndegwa P.M., Hamilton D.W., Lalman J.A. and Cumba H.J., Effects of cycle-frequency and temperature on the performance of anaerobic sequencing batch reactors (ASBRs) treating swine waste, Bioresour. Technol., 99(6), 1972-1980 (2008) @No $ @ @ Steele M.T. and Hamilton D.W., Continuous operation of a full scale anaerobic sequencing batch reactor treating low strength swine manure, In International symposium on air quality and manure management for agriculture conference proceedings, Dallas, Texas: ASABE (2010) @No $ @ @ Matsumoto E. M. et al. 2012. Treatment of wastewater from dairy plants using anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) following by aerobic sequencing batch reactor (SBR) aiming the removal of organic matter and nitrification, Water Pract. and Tech., 7(3), 10.2166/wpt.2012.048 (2012) @No $ @ @ Wenyi Z., Experimental study of abattoir wastewater treatment by anaerobic sequencing batch reactor, Trans. Chinese Soc. Agric. Eng., 6, (2002) @No $ @ @ Martinez-Sosa D., Torrijos M., Buitron G., Sousbei P., Devillers P.H. and Delgenes J.P., Treatment of fatty solid waste from the meat industry in an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor: Start-up period and establishment of the design criteria, Water Sci. Technol., 60(9), 2245-2251 (2009) @No $ @ @ Ammary B.Y., Treatment of olive mill wastewater using an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor, Desalination, 177, 157-165 (2005) @No $ @ @ Farina R., Cellamare C.M., Stante L. and Giordano A., Pilot scale anaerobic sequencing batch reactor for distillery wastewater treatment, In 10th World Congress on Anaerobic Digestion, Montreal, Canada, (2004) @No $ @ @ Ruiz, C., Torrijos M., Sousbie P., Lebrato Martinez J., Moletta R. and Delgenes J.P., Treatment of winery wastewater by anaerobic sequencing batch reactor, Water Sci. Technol., 45(10), 219-224 (2002) @No $ @ @ Ong S.A., Toorisaka E., Hirata M. and Hano T., Decolorization of Orange II using an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor with and without co-substrates, J. Environ. Sci., 24(2), 291-296 (2012) @No $ @ @ Aremu M.O. and Agarry S.E., Comparison of biogas production from cow dung and pig dung under mesophilic condition, Int. Refereed J. Eng. and Sci., 1(4), 16-21 (2012) @No $ @ @ APHA, Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 18th Ed., Washington, D.C.: APHA, (1992) @No $ @ @ DENR Administrative Order No. 35, Series of 1990 (DAO 1990-35), Revised Effluent Regulations of 1990: Revising and Amending the Effluent Regulations of 1982, Quezon City, Philippines: DENR-EMB (1991) @No $ @ @ Attiogbe F. K., Glover-Amengor M. and Nyadziehe K.T., Correlating biochemical and chemical oxygen demand of effluents – A case study of selected industries in Kumasi, Ghana, West African J. Appl. Ecol., 11(1), 1-11 (2007)  @No $ @ @ Wilkie A., Biogas a renewable biofuel, University of Florida, http://biogas.ifas.ufl.edu/wastewater.asp (2012) @No $ @ @ Roati C., Fiore S. and Ruffino B., Preliminary evaluation of the potential biogas production of food-processing industrial wastes, Am. J. Environ. Sci., 8(3), 291-296 (2012) @No $ @ @  Field J.A., Reneau R.B. Jr., Kroontje W. and Caldwell J.S., Nutrient recoveries from plug-flow anaerobic digestion of poultry manure, Agric. Wastes, 13(3), 207- 216 (1985) @No 
<#LINE#>Phytoplankton Community Structure and Species Diversity of Nangal Wetland, Punjab, India<#LINE#>O.S.@Brraich,R.@Kaur<#LINE#>76-83<#LINE#>14.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-008.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, INDIA <#LINE#>14/1/2015<#LINE#>21/2/2015<#LINE#>The phytoplankton community structure and species diversity were studied at Nangal Wetland during February 2013 to January 2014.Phytoplankton samples were collected using phytoplankton net on monthly basis. The samples collected were preserved in 5% solution of formaldehyde on the spot, and then brought to the laboratory for further study. 49 genera belonging to three major classes i.e., dominated by Chlorophyceae (21 genera) followed by Bacillariophyceae (19 genera) and Cyanophyceae (13 genera) were reported. The range, mean and standard deviation for all 3 classes of phytoplankton were recorded. The most abundant genera include Navicula spp., Cymbella spp., Pinnularia spp., Gomphonema spp., Meridion spp., Fragillaria spp., Tabellaria spp., Spyrogyra spp. and Oedogonium spp. The maximum and minimum species richness (Menhinick index R2) was found to be 0.05 for Chlorophyceae and 0.04 for Cyanophyceae. Maximum and minimum species diversity (Shannon-Weiner H') were found 2.94 for Chlorophyceae and 2.15 for Bacillariophyceae. Maximum species evenness was recorded for Cyanophyceae and minimum for Bacillariophyceae. Highest numerical abundance was observed in summer and lowest during winter season. Phytoplanktonic study is very important because they act as primary producers, food for variety of aquatic organisms and an efficient bio-indicator for water quality. Large population of phytoplankton is thriving in this wetland which enhances its productivity. <#LINE#> @ @  Mitsch W.J. and Gosselink, I.G., Wetlands, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, (1986) @No $ @ @ Stanley E.H. and Ward A.K., Inorganic nitrogen regimes in an Albamawetland, J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc., 16, 820- 832 (1997) @No $ @ @ Mann C.J. and Wetzel R.G., Dissolved organic carbon and its utilization in a riverine wetland ecosystem, Biogeochemistry, 31, 99-120 (1995) @No $ @ @ Mustapha M.K., Seasonal influence of limnological variables on plankton dynamics of a small shallow, Tropical African Reservoir, Asian J. Exp. Biol. Sci.,1, 60- 79 (2010) @No $ @ @ Round F.E., The ecology of algae, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, (1984) @No $ @ @ Gandhi H.P., Fresh water diatoms of Central Gurarat, ISBN, 324, (1998) @No $ @ @ Rajesh K.M., Gowda G. and Mendon R.M., Primary Productivity of the concentrations of cadmium, lead and mercury in view of health effect on brackish water impoundments along Nethravathi estuary, Mangalore in relation to characteristics of nutrient and phytoplankton dynamics in the York River Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, (2002)  @No $ @ @ Ananthan G., Sampathkumar P., Soundarapandian P., and Kannan L., Observation on environmental characteristics of Ariyankuppam estuary and Verampattinam coast of Pondicherry, J. Aquat. Biol., 19, 67-72 (2004)  @No $ @ @ Tiwari A. and Chauhan S.V.S., Seasonal phytoplankton diversity of Kitham lake, Agra, J. Environ. 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Highest micro tubers number (6.0±0.5 micro tuber/jar) obtained by Almera on MS medium verified with sucrose 8% only under dark, whereas higher micro tuber number obtained by Diamant cultivar is (3.0±0.0 micro tuber/jar) on MS medium verified with sucrose 8% only at dark too. In case of micro tuber weight, maximum tuber weight (1250.3±13.0 mg/tuber) obtained by Almera on MS medium supported with 60 g/l sucrose without hormone in dark. Higher micro tuber weight obtained by Diamant cultivar was (420.9±1.3) mg/tuber obtained on MS medium supported with 60 g/l sucrose in dark, followed by (248.6±25.5) mg/tuber produced on MS medium verified with 60.0 g/l sucrose plus 5.0 mg/l TDZ under light, at 30g/l sucrose no micro tuber observed. Highest micro tuber number is related to high sucrose concentration than the level of growth hormones in the medium. It was also observed that twenty four hour dark was best for tuber initiation. <#LINE#> @ @ Gray D. and Hughes J.C., Tuber Quality. 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