@Research Paper
<#LINE#>The Assessment of IL-12 P40 among Primary pulmonary and Chronic (Old) Pulmonary Tuberculosis<#LINE#>Shnawa@IbrahimM.S.A.W.,Raheem@T.ObyesAl-Mammori,Mohammed@Ghaida`aJ.<#LINE#>1-4<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-108.pdf<#LINE#>College of Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Babylon, IRAQ<#LINE#>11/5/2013<#LINE#>29/6/2013<#LINE#>The possible role of Il-12 +P40 assessment as a biomarker for tuberculosis disease is being reported. It was found thatIL-12+p40 can discriminate between PPTB, sputum AFB shedders OPTB and sputum non AFB shedders as concentration means are taken in consideration . Since there were a range of individual variations in tuberculosis patients and controls, reflecting variations in genetic backgrounds of the best control groups.  All of the aforementioned forms of tuberculus disease in man rises up the levels of IL-12+P40 . Such IL-12+P40  level rising in OPTB was diseases stage and patients age dependent. Conversely, inhibition occurred in Il-12+P40 levels with chronicity at the age ranges of 25-34y and 40-55y. Sputum AFB shedders in OPTB group associated with high IL-12 +P40 levels, while, the non shedders were with low IL-12+P40 levels . In PPTB group, however, there were with neither age range dependence nor inhibition of IL-12+P40 level could be noted. <#LINE#> @ @ Al- Damluji S.F., Tuberculosis for Medical Students and Practitioners In Iraq, William – Heinemann Medical Book limited (1979) @No $ @ @ Handzel Z.T., Immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in humans, In Mahboub , B.H., and Vats M.G. (ed). Tuberculosis , current issues in Diagnosis and Mangment , In Tech (2013) @No $ @ @ Kozaiwicz L., Phuah J., Flynn J. and Chan J., The role of B cells and humoral immunity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, Adv. Exp. Biol., 783, 225-250 (2013) @No $ @ @ Sallusto F., Leing D., Forster R., Lipp M. and Lanzavecchia A., Two subsets of memory T- lymphocytes with distinct homing potentials and effecter functions, Nature, 401, 708 -712 (2009) @No $ @ @ Nemeth J., Winkler H.M., Zwick R.H., Muller C., Rumetshofer, Peripheral T cell cytokine responses for diagnosis of active tuberculosis, Plos one, 7(4), e 53290  (2012) @No $ @ @ Tang S., Cui H., Yao L., Hao X., Shen Y., Fan L., Sun H., Zhang Z. and Huang A.J., Increased cytokines response in patients with tuberculosis complicated with chronic obstructive Pulmonary disease, Plos one 8(4), e 6285 (2013) @No $ @ @ Suther lend  J.S., Adetifa T.M., Hill P.C., Adgebola R.A. and Ota M.O., Patterns and diversity  of cytokine production differentiate between Mycobacterium tuberculosis  infection and disease, Eur. J. Immunol., 39,723 -729 (2009) @No $ @ @ Sutheland J.S., De Jong B.C., Jeffries D.J., Adetifa I.M. and Ota M.O.C., production of TNF alpha , IL-12(P40) and IL-17 can discriminate between active T.B disease and latent infection , in west A fan cohort . Bacterial disease program , medical research council laboratories , Banjul ,the Gambia (2011) @No $ @ @ Christine D.F., Clinical Immunology and Serology; A laboratory perspective, Third ed.  F.A. Davis Company, Philadelephia,  72-80 (2010) @No $ @ @ BioSource, BioSource Europe S.A. Rue de I Industerie, 8-B, 1400 Nivelles, Belgium, Manual leaflet of IL-12 P40 .ELISA, KAP 156 (2010) @No $ @ @ Lewis M., Bain J. and Bates I., Deice and Lewis practical Hematology, 10th ed., Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, P 599 (2006) @No $ @ @ Grange J.M., Mycobacterium and Human diseases, Edward –Arnold, 119-136 (1988) @No $ @ @ Grange J.M. and Zumla A., Tuberculosis, Brit. Med. J., 316, 1962-1964 (1998) @No $ @ @ De Jong B.C., Hill P.C., Brooks R.H., Gagneux S., Jefferies D.T. et al., Mycobacterium africanuim  elicits an attenuated T-cell response to early secreted antigenic  target , 6KDa, in patients with tuberculosis and their household contacts, J. Int. Dis., 193, 1279 -1286 (2006) @No $ @ @ Song C.H., Kim H.J., Lim J.H., Kim U.O., Kim J.S., Paik T.H., Kim K.J., Suhr J.W. and J.O. E.K., Depressed interleukin Il-12, but not IL-18 , production  in response  to 30 or 32 kilodalton  mycobacterial antigen  in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis, Infect. Immun.,68(8), 4477-4484 (2000) @No $ @ @ Rayan K.J. and Ray C.G., Sherries Medical Microbiology th ed. McGraw hill Medical, New York, 19 -44 (2010) @No $ @ @ Brooks G.F., Carrell K.C., Butel J.S., Morese S.A., Mietzner J., Medical Microbiology 25th ed . Lange McGraw – Hill Medical, N.Y., 121-142 (2010) @No $ @ @ Paul W., Fundamental of immunology, 6th ed. Walters Kluwer, Lippincott William and Wilkans (2008) @No 
<#LINE#>Comparison of the Therapeutic effects of Nano-essence of Medical herb Artemisia sieberi with the ointment of Ketoconazole in guinea pig infected by Microsporum canis<#LINE#>Siamak@MashhadyRafie,Baradarana@lizadehSaed,Mansour@Bayat<#LINE#>5-10<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-158.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Clinical Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IRAN @ Department of Pathobiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IRAN <#LINE#>7/7/2013<#LINE#>13/8/2013<#LINE#>Essences have well known properties. Transforming a drug to nano sized particles usually adds some additional potency to that drug. In this study we used Artemisia sieberi nano-essence to treat Microsporum canis induced dermatophytosis in guinea pig model. In vivo and In vitro methods were used to investigate the antifungal properties of nano-essence. Minimum inhibitory concentration of nano-essence was 0.3% to 2%. Treatment started 5 days after infection as 12 hours regimen until 45 days post infection. Both Ketoconazole and nano-essence groups had complete cure at day 40. Results show that this nano-essence is effective drug to treat M.canis induced dermatophytosis. <#LINE#> @ @ Baldo A., Mondo M., Mathy A., L. Cambier, E.T. Bagut, V. Defaweux, F. Symoens, N. Antoine and B. Mignon, Mechanisms of skin adherence and invasion by dermatophytes, Myc, 55, 218-223 (2013) @No $ @ @ Fontenelle R., Morais S.M.,.Brito H.S.E, Brilhante R. S.N., Cordeiro R.A., Lima Y.C., Brasil N.V.G.P.S., Monteiro A.J.,.Sidrim J.J.C and Rocha M.F.G.., Alkylphenol Activity against Candida spp. and Microsporum canis: A focus on the antifungal activity of thymol, eugenol and O-Methyl Derivatives, Molecules, 16, 6422-6431 (2011) @No $ @ @ Scott D.W., Miller W.H. and Griffin C.E., Miller and Kirk’s Small Animal Dermatology, , 1528 (2001) @No $ @ @  Medleau L. and Hnilica K., Small animal dermatology, , 526 (2006) @No $ @ @ Lee S. and Han J., Antifungal effects of Eugenol and Nerolidol against Microsporum gypseum in a guinea pig model, Bio. and Pharma.Bul, 30, 184-188 (2007) @No $ @ @ Foster A. and Carol F., BSAVA manual of small animal dermatology, 2, 300 (2003) @No $ @ @ Rochette F., Engelen M. and Vanden Bosche H., Antifungal agents of use in animal health – practical applications, J Vet Pharmacol Ther 26, 31-53 (2003) @No $ @ @ Dash M., Chiellini F., Ottenbrite R.M. and Chiellini E., Chitosan—A versatile semi-synthetic polymer in biomedical applications, Progr.in Poly.Sci 36, 981-1014 (2011) @No $ @ @ Kong M., Chen X., Xing K. and Park H., Antimicrobial properties of chitosan and mode of action: A state of the art review, Inter.J.of Food Micro, 144, 51-63 (2010) @No $ @ @ Pillai C.K.S., Paul W. and Sharma C., Chitin and chitosan polymers: Chemistry, solubility and fiber formation, Prog. Polym. Sci., 34, 641-678 (2009) @No $ @ @ Sinha V.R. and Singla K.A., Chitosan microspheres as a potential carrier for drugs, Int. J Pharma, 274, 1-33 (2004) @No $ @ @ Siripatrawan U. and Harte B., Physical properties and antioxidant activity of an active film from chitosan incorporated with green tea extract, Food Hydro, 24, 770-775 (2010) @No $ @ @ Abad M., Ansuategui M. and Bermejo P., Active antifungal substances from natural sources, ARKIVOC 2, 116-145 (2007) @No $ @ @ Abad M., Bedoya L., Apaza L. and Bermejo P., the Artemisia L. Genus: A Review of Bioactive Essential Oils,Molecules, 17, 2542-2566 (2012) @No $ @ @ Chen W., Vermaak I. and Viljoen A., Camphor—A Fumigant during the Black Death and a Coveted Fragrant Wood in Ancient Egypt and Babylon—A Review, Molecules, 18, 5434-5454 (2013) @No $ @ @ Chiasson H., Belanger A., Bostanian N., Vincent C. and Poliquin A., Acaricidal properties of Artemisia absinthium and Tanacetum vulgare (Asteraceae) essential oils obtained from three methods of extraction, J. Econ. Entomol, 94, 167–171 (2001) @No $ @ @ Dehghani Bidgoli R. and Pessarakli M., Heshmati G.A., Comparison of Essential Oils in Aerial Parts of Artemisia Sieberi from Kashan Province of Iran, J. of Agri. Sci. and Tech, 14, 392-396 (2012) @No $ @ @ HAQ I., Mannan A., Ahmed I., Hussain I., Jamil M. and Mirza B., antibacterial activity and brine shrimp toxicity of Artemisia Dubai extract, Pak. J. of. Bot 44, 1487-1490 (2012) @No $ @ @ Liu Z., Chu S.S. and Liu R.,Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Activity against Sitophilus zeamais of the Essential Oils of Artemisia capillaries and Artemisia mongolica, Molecules, 15, 2600-2608 (2010) @No $ @ @ Mahboubi M., Iranian medicinal plants, J. of Micro.Biotech. And Food Sci 2, 2388-2405 (2013) @No $ @ @ Mahboubi M. and Farzin N., Antimicrobial activity of Artemisia sieberi essential oil from central Iran, Ira.J. of Microb, , 43-48 (2009) @No $ @ @ Moghadamnia A. and Akhavan Tafi A., Evaluation of the effect of Artemisia Sieberi mouthwash 1% on denture stomatitis, Cas. J. of Med, , 47-49 (2010) @No $ @ @ Monzote L., Alacron O. and Setzer W., Antiprotozoal Activity of Essential Oils, Agri.Cons. Sci, 77, 167-175 (2012) @No $ @ @ Pirbalouti G., Momeni A. and Bahmani M., Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plantsused by Kurd tribe in  Dehloran and Abadan districts, Ilam province,2013, Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med, 10,  368-385 (2013) @No $ @ @ Upadhyay R.K., essential oils antimicrobial antihelminthic antiviral anticancer and anti-insect properties, J. Appl. Biosci, 36, 1-22 (2010) @No $ @ @ Rodrigues C., Miranda K.C., Fernandes O.F.L., Soares A.J.and Silva M.R.R.,In vitro susceptibility testing of dermatophytes isolated in Goiania Brazil against five antifungal agents by broth microdilution method, Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. S. Paulo 51, 9-12 (2009) @No $ @ @ Singh J., Zaman M. and Gupta A.K., Evaluation of microdilution and disk diffusion methods for anti fungal susceptibility testing of dermatophytes, Mycoses, 45, 595-602 (2007) @No $ @ @ Ghannoum M.A., Long L., Cirino1 A.J.,  Miller A.R., Najafi R., Wang L., Sharma K., Anderson M. and Memarzadeh B., Efficacy of NVC-422 in the treatment of dermatophytosis caused byTrichophyton  mentagrophytes using a guinea pig model, Inter. J.of derm, 52, 567–571 (2013) @No $ @ @ Neves CavalcantiI J., Guerra J. and Gamble W., Histopathologic and mycologic aspects of experimental infection of guinea pigs with Microsporum canis, Braz. J. vet. Res. anim. Sci., 39, 238-242 (2002) @No $ @ @ Shimamura T., Kubota N. and Shibuya K., AnimalModel of Dermatophytosis, J. of Biomed. and Biotech, 2012 1-11 (2012) @No
<#LINE#>Effect of Two Plant Growth Hormones and Potting Media on an Ornamental Foliage Plant, Ophiopogon sp.<#LINE#>H.E.@Herath,Krishnarajah@S.A.,J.W.@Damunupola<#LINE#>11-17<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-159.pdf<#LINE#>1 Department of Botany, University of Peradeniya, SRI LANKA 2Department of National Botanic Gardens, Floriculture Research and Development Unit, Royal Botanic Gardens, Peradeniya, SRI LANKA<#LINE#>8/7/2013<#LINE#>8/9/2013<#LINE#>  Ophiopogon sp. is a perennial herb native to China. It has been introduced to some tropical countries as an ornamental plant species. This plant has a good local and foreign market as potted plants and cut foliage. As these plants are very slow growing, obtaining leaves with required length and quality are difficult. The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of two plant growth hormones and potting media on the growth of Ophiopogon sp. to aid in improving it. Pot experiments were carried out to test the effect of plant growth hormones (Indole acetic acid and Benzyl amino purine) and potting media (Coir dust: compost: sand 1:1:1 and leaf mould: soil: sand 1:1:1) on the above and below ground growth. Three experiments were conducted using the two potting media, experiment 1 and experiment 2 with individual application of IAA and BAP respectively and experiment 3 with IAA and BAP in combination. In experiment 1, there was a significant increase (p 0.05) in fresh weight with potting medium 2 and leaf length with potting medium 1, at 100 mg/l IAA. In experiment 2, the highest fresh weight (in potting medium 2) was obtained at 75 mg/l BAP. Leaf length was significantly higher in all the BAP treated plants compared to the untreated control. In Experiment 3, highest fresh weight and highest leaf length was observed at IAA with BAP combination of 1:1. Out of the three experiments, the combination of BAP and IAA volume in 1:1 gave the best results than when used alone. Potting medium 2 showed a significantly higher performance in fresh weight of plant and leaf length than potting medium 1.<#LINE#> @ @ Reiley H.E. and Shry C.L., Introductory Horticulture, , (2002) @No $ @ @ Liemt G.V., The World Cut Flower Industry: Trends and Prospects, http://www.eldis.org, (2003) @No $ @ @ Groot N. S. P., Floriculture Worldwide Trade and Consumption Patterns, http://www.agrsci.unibo.it/wchr/ wc1/ degroot.html, (1998) @No $ @ @ Sarkar S., Global Floriculture Industry Trends and Prospects, Media Today, India. http://floriculturetoday.in/Global-Floriculture-Industry-Trends-and-Prospects.html, (2010) @No $ @ @ Anon, Exporters Association of Sri Lanka, Annual Reports and Accounts 2011/2012, www.exporterssrilanka.net/press-relese, (2012) @No $ @ @ Dhanasekera D.M.U.B., Cut Flower Production in Asia, Fao/Rap, Bangkok.,www.fao.org/docrep/005/ac452e/ ac452e 00.htm, (1998) @No $ @ @ Anon, United State Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, http://plants.usda.gov, (2013) @No $ @ @ Don D., Ophiopogon japonicus, www.Zipcodezoo.com, (2006) @No $ @ @ Camron A., Ornamental Grasses-A New Wave in Floriculture Crops, (2004) @No $ @ @ Beneragama C. K. and Sangakkara U. R., Do Irradiance Levels Alter the Ornamental Characteristics of Ophiopogon intermedius var variegatuem?, National Symposium of Floriculture Research Royal Botanic Gardens, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, (2011) @No $ @ @ Tennekoon T. M. H. D., Peris S. E. and Krishnarajah S. A., Effect of BAP & IAA on Sucker Formation of Chlorophytum comosum, M.Sc. Thesis, University of Peradeniya, (2010) @No $ @ @ Farabee M.J. Plant Hormones, Nutrition and Transport, www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookPLANTHORM, (2007) @No $ @ @ Fishel F. M., Plant Growth Regulators, http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu, (2009) @No $ @ @ Taiz L. and Zeiger E., Plant Physiology, 40(5), (2006) @No $ @ @ Hare P. D. and Van S.J., Inhibitory Effect of Thidiazuron on the Activity of Cytokinin Oxidase Isolated from Soybean Callus, Plant Cell Physiol., 35, 1121-1125 (1994) @No $ @ @ Mok M.C., Mok D.W.S., Turner J. E. and  Mujer C. V., Biological and Biochemical Effects of Cytokinin-Active Phenylurea Derivatives in Tissue Culture Systems, Hortsci., 22, 1194-1197 (1987) @No $ @ @ Mazher A. A., Zaghloul S. M., Mahmoud S. A. and Siam H. S., Stimulatory Effect of Kinetin, Ascorbic Acid and Glutamic Acid on Growth and Chemical Constituents of Codiaeum variegatum Plants,  American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci, 10, 318-323 (2011) @No $ @ @ Werner T. S., Motyka V. C., Strnad M. and lling T. S., Regulation of Plant Growth by Cytokinin, PNAS, 98, 10487- 10491 (2001) @No $ @ @ Rayle D.L., Evans M.L. and Hertelt R., Action of Auxin on Cell Elongation, Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 65, 184-191 (1970) @No $ @ @ Aloni R., Aloni E., Langhans Z, M. and Ullrich C. I., Role of Cytokinin and Auxin in Shaping Root Architecture Regulating Vascular Differentiation, Lateral Root Initiation, Root Apical Dominance and Root Gravitropism, Ann. Bot., 97, www.aob.oxfordjournals.org, (2006) @No $ @ @ Soad I.M.M., Lobna T.S. and Farahat M.M., Vegetative Growth and Chemical Constituents of Croton Plants as Affected by Foliar Application of Benzyl adenine and Gibberellic Acid, J. Am. Sci., 126-130 (2010) @No $ @ @ Victório C.P., KusterII R.M. and Lage C.L.S., Leaf and Root Volatiles Produced by Tissue Cultures of Alpinia zerumbet (pers.) Burtt & Smith Under the Influence of Different Plant Growth Regulators, Quim. Nova, 34(3), 430-433 (2011) @No $ @ @ Asadi A. A., Vedadi C., Rahimi M. and Naserian B., Effect of plant growth hormones on root and shoot regeneration in Rose Morrasia) under in-vitro conditions, Bioscience Research,6(1), 40-45 (2009) @No $ @ @ Roy P. K.., Mamun A. N. K., and Ahmed G., In Vitro Plantlets Regeneration of Rose, Plant Tissue Cult., 14(2), 149 -154 (2004) @No $ @ @ Cresswell G.C., Coir Dust - A Viable Alternative to Peat?, Proceedings of the Australian Potting Mix Manufacturers Conference, Sydney, (1992) @No $ @ @ Holley D., Regulation and Control of Plant Growth, http://dennis-holley.suite101.com, (2009) @No $ @ @ Meerow A.W., Growth of Two Tropical Foliage Plants Using Coir Dust as a Container Media Amendment, HortTechnology, (1995) @No $ @ @ Seaver D.C. and Geisel P.M., Composting is Good for Your Garden and the Environment, California Master Garden Handbook, (2009) @No $ @ @ Vanderlinden C., Making and Using Leaf Mold, http://organicgardening.about.com,(2012) @No $ @ @ Fuadi M., Effects of Benzyladenine, Watering Frequency and Duration of Shading on Growth and Quality of Dracaena sanderiana and Codiaeum variegatum, M.Sc. Thesis, University of PutraMalaysia, (2004) @No $ @ @ Rawia A.E. and Bedour H.A., Response of Croton Plants to Gibberellic Acid, Benzyl Adenine and Ascorbic Acid Application, World J. Agri. Sci., 2(2), 174-179 (2006) @No $ @ @ Khosh-khui, M, and Sink, K.C., Rooting Enhancement of Rosa hybrida for Tissue Culture Propagation, Sci. Hort., 17, 371-376 (2008) @No $ @ @ Pati P.K., Sharma M. and Ahuja P.S., Micropropagation, Protoplast Culture and its Implications in the Improvement of Scented Rose, Acta. Hortic, 547, 147-158 (2001) @No $ @ @ Alekhno G.D. and Vystoskii V.A., Clonal Micro Propagation of Roses,  Kula’tRast, 18(5), 489-493 (1986) @No $ @ @ Whiting D., Plant Growth Factors, Plant Hormones, 145-146(2009) @No $ @ @ Bonner J., Studies on The Growth Hormone of Plants with the Relation of Cell Elongation to Cell Wall Formation, Physiology, 20, 393-397 (1934) @No
<#LINE#>Autocorrelation Simulation Studies for Horizontal Transmission of Ethno- Medicinal-Knowledge Related with Two Corporeal Systems<#LINE#>Manish@Mathur<#LINE#>18-29<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-179.pdf<#LINE#>18E/564 CHB, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, INDIA<#LINE#>23/7/2013<#LINE#>6/8/2013<#LINE#>The simulation modelling of cultural transmission (particularly horizontal) is a useful tool to identified the spread of cultural traits. In present investigation autocorrelation indices (Moran’s I and Geary C), variogram and kriging simulation techniques were utilize first time to identify the present strength of horizontal transmission of cultural information (medicinal values) and for their future scope. For incorporation of these techniques data related with two corporeal systems (digestive and reproductive tracts) were collected from 12 villages of semi arid Thar Desert, India. Present simulation approaches increased the sampling efforts 17 and 7 times more from original sampling (n =360) for digestive and reproductive tracts, respectively. Autocorrelation simulation study has suggested the lack of horizontal transmission of cultural information. Further for identification of future potential for spreading the cultural information’s (at horizontal level), data’s regarding different pharmacological properties (30) and for different body systems (12) were treated with simulation approaches like variogram and kriging. Both these techniques simulated the sampling efforts at 5000 iteration and suggested the greater diversity of the traditional knowledge that may be spread in between and among communities with proper planning’s.<#LINE#> @ @ Garcia R.V., Broesch J., Mir C.L., Pelaez N.F., McDade W.T., Parsa S., Tanner S., Huanca T., Leonard W.R., Maria R., and Rodriguez, M., Cultural transmission of Ethnobotanical knowledge and skills: an empirical analysis from and Amerindian society, Evol. Human Behav., 30,274-285 (2009) @No $ @ @ Boyd R. and Richerson P., Culture and the evolutionary process, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, (1985) @No $ @ @ Cavalli-Sforza L.L., and Feldman M., Cultural transmission and evolution: A quantitative approach, Princeton: Princeton University Press (1981) @No $ @ @ Richerson P. and Boyd R., Note by genes alone: How culture transformed human evolution, Chicago: University of Chicago Press (2005) @No $ @ @ McLlreath R. and Strimling P., When natural selection favours imitation of parents, Curr Anthropol., 49, 307-316 (2008) @No $ @ @ Tehrani J.J. and Collard M., On the relationship between inter-individual cultural transmission and population-level cultural diversity: a case study of weaving in Iranian tribal population, Eval. Hum.Behav., 30, 286-300 (2009) @No $ @ @ Albuquerque U.P., and Oliveira, R.F., Is the use –impact on native Caatinga species in Brazil reduced by the high species richness of medicinal plants?, J. Ethnopharmacol., 113, 156-170 (2007) @No $ @ @ Moran P.A.P., Notes on continuous stochastic phenomena, Biometrics, 37, 17-23 (1950) @No $ @ @ Boots B.N. and Getis A., Point Pattern Analysis, Newburry Park, CA, Sage Publication (1988) @No $ @ @ Zhang C.S. and McGrath D., Geostatistical and GIS analyses on soil organic carbon concentrations in grassland of southeastern Ireland from two different periods,Geoderma, 119, 261–275 (2004) @No $ @ @ Geary R., The contiguity ratio and statistical mapping, The Incorporated Statistician, , 115-45 (1954) @No $ @ @ Sawada M., Rookcase: An excel 97/2000 visual basic add-in exploring global and local spatial autocorrelation. Ecology, 80 (4): 231-234. (1999) @No $ @ @ Robertson G.P., GS: Geostatistics for the Environmental Sciences. Gamma Design Software, Plainwell, Michigan USA (2008) @No $ @ @ Atran S., Medin D. and Ross N., Evolution and devolution of knowledge: A tale of two biologist, J. Roy. Anthropol. Inst., 10, 395-420 (2004) @No $ @ @ Nabhan G.P., St- Antoine S., The loss of floral and faunal story: The extinction of experience. In: Kellert SR, Wilson EO, editors, The Biophilia Hypothesis, Washington, D.C.: Island Press; 229-250 (1993) @No $ @ @ Medin D., Ross N., Atran S., Burnett R. and Blok S.,  Categorization and reasoning in relation to culture and expertise. In: Ross B, editor. Psychology of Learning and Motivation, New York: Academic Press, 1-41 (2002) @No $ @ @ García R.V., Vadez V., Huanca T., Leonard W.R., McDade T., Economic development and local ecological knowledge: A deadlock? Data from a native Amazonian society, Human Ecology, 35, 371–377 (2006) @No $ @ @ Brodt S., A systems perspective on the conservation and erosion of indigenous agricultural knowledge in Central India, Hum Ecol., 29(1), 99-120 (2001) @No $ @ @ Ross N., Cognitive aspects of intergenerational change: Mental models, cultural change, and environmental behavior among the Lacandón Maya of southern Mexico, Hum Org.,61(2), 125-38 (2002) @No $ @ @ Ohmagari K. and Berkes F., Transmission of indigenous knowledge and bush skills among the Western James Bay Cree women of sub artic Canada, Hum Ecol., 25(2), 197- 221 (1997) @No $ @ @ Wolff  P. and Medin D.L., Measuring the evolution and devolution of folk-biological knowledge, In: Maffi L, editor. On bio-cultural diversity, Linking language, knowledge, and the environment, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press; 213-227 (2001) @No $ @ @ Reuben C. Rine, Katsa Manasseh and Hassan Suleiman C., Prevalence of Intestinal Amoebiasis in School Age Children in Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria, International Research Journal of Biological Sciences,2(7), 42-45 (2013) @No $ @ @ Sharma Abhishek, Patil Ujwala, Kakkar Shivani and Bhot Meeta, Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Tecomella undulata leaves crude Extracts, Int. Res. J. Biological Sci.,2(6), 60-62 (2013) @No $ @ @ Sinhababu Arijit and Banerjee Arpita, Documentation of Some Ethno-medicinal Plants of Family Lamiaceae in Bankura District, West Bengal, India, Int. Res. J. Biological Sci.,2(6), 63-65 (2013) @No $ @ @ Kavitha K.S., Syed Baker, Rakshith D., Kavitha H.U., Yashwantha Rao H.C., Harini B.P. and Satish S., Plants as Green Source towards Synthesis of Nanoparticles Int. Res. J. Biological Sci.,2(6),66-76, (2013) @No $ @ @ Hegde Chaitra R., M. Madhuri, Swaroop T. Nishitha, Das Arijit, Bhattacharya Sourav and K.C. Rohit, ISCA, Evaluation of Antimicrobial Properties, Phytochemical Contents and Antioxidant Capacities of Leaf Extracts of Punica granatum L., J. Biological Sci., 1(2), 32-37 (2012) @No
<#LINE#>Primary screening, Characterization and Seasonal variations of Aspergillus and Penicillium species in the Black cotton soils (Vertisols) of Salur Mandal, Viziyanagaram District, Andhra Pradesh, India<#LINE#>Gaddeyya,@Gandipilli,P.@ShinyNiharika,Ratna@KumarP.K.,P.@Bharathi<#LINE#>30-41<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-186.pdf<#LINE#>Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530003, AP, INDIA @ Department of Botany, Centre for Research, Dr. V.S. Krishna Govt. College, Visakhapatnam-530013, AP, INDIA<#LINE#>27/7/2013<#LINE#>3/8/2013<#LINE#>Fungi are an important component of the soil microbiota typically constituting more of the soil biomass than bacteria, depending on soil depth and nutrient conditions. This study deals with the primary screening, characterization and seasonal variations of mycoflora, isolated from twelve soil samples. The soil samples were collected from agricultural fields of five different locations at Salur Mandal during three seasons such as Kharif, Rabi and summer respectively. Dilution plate technique was used to isolate soil fungi from various soil samples. Fungal isolates were screened on different culture media namely Potato Dextrose Agar, Czapeks Dox Agar, and  Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar supplemented with 1%  Streptomycin. Fungal colonies were counted and screened for the occurrence of different fungal species along with Aspergillus and Penicillium presented in soil samples. Identification of the soil isolates were made with help of the relevant literature and standard manuals of soil fungi. Mycoflora including Aspergillus (12 species), Penicillium (6species), Trichoderma (3 species), Cunninghamella (2 species), Curvularia (2 species), Fusarium (2 species), Mucor (2 species) and Rhizopus (1 species) were identified with the help of taxonomic keys.  Among the isolates the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium were dominant due to their sporulation ability. The periodicity of occurrence of each species was calculated by using data analysis. <#LINE#> @ @ Olson R.K., Schoeneberger M.M. and Aschmann S.G., An Ecological Foundation for Temperate Agroforestry. In: North America Agroforestry: An Integrated Science and Practice. Garrett H.E.,W.J.Rietveld and R.F.Fisher (Eds.),  American society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 31-61 (2000) @No $ @ @ Parrotta J.A., Productivity, nutrient cycling and succession in single- and mixed-species plantations of Casuarina equisetifolia,Eucalyptus robusta and Leucaena leucocephala in Puerto Rico, For. Ecol. Manage 124),45-77 (1999) @No $ @ @ Sall S.N., Masse D., Reversat F.B., Guisse A. and Chotte J.L., Microbial activities during the early stage of laboratory decomposition of tropical leaf litters: the effect of interactions between the litter quality and exogenous inorganic nitrogen, Biol. Fert. 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<#LINE#>Hepatoprotective Role of Curcumin against Acetaminophen induced toxicity in rats<#LINE#>S.@Singh,F.@Jamal,R.@Agarwal,R.K.@Singh<#LINE#>42-49<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-189.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Biochemistry, Dr. R.M.L. Avadh University, Faizabad, UP, INDIA @ Department of Biochemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, INDIA <#LINE#>30/7/2013<#LINE#>10/8/2013<#LINE#>  Acetaminophen (APAP) induced hepatotoxicity causes severe hepatic damages for which no specific treatment is available. Consequently, the present study is aimed at evaluating the antioxidant effects of curcumin (CMN) on APAP-exposed hepatic damages. Adult male Wistar Albino rats were treated orally with different concentration (0.0 mM -50 mM) of APAP intraperitoneally to induce hepatotoxicity. Twenty-four hours post administration of acetaminophen; rats were sacrificed to measure hepatocytes viability, level of malondialdehyde (MDA), calcium ATPas activity and antioxidant enzyme activity. Results suggest that with an increase in APAP concentration there was decrease in hepatocytes viability, calcium ATPase activity but marked elevation of malondialdehyde. CMN is a well known nutraceutical with potent antioxidant properties. CMN markedly increased hepatocytes viability, calcium ATPase activity and reduced the elevated malondialdehyde levels. The results indicate the therapeutic importance of CMN in overcoming acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity. It is therefore necessary to explore the role of CMN in treatment of hepatic damages. <#LINE#> @ @ Kanno S., Tomizawa, A., Hiura, T., Osanai, Y., Kakuta, M., Kitajima, Y. and et al., Melatonin protects on toxicity by acetaminophen but not on pharmological effects in mice,  Biol Pharm Bull., 29, 472–476 (2006) @No $ @ @ Mazer M. and Perrone, J., Acetaminophen–induced nephrotoxicity: pathophysiology, clinical manifestation, and management,  J Med Tox. 4, 2–6 (2008) @No $ @ @ Heubi J.E., Barbacci M.B. and Zimmerman H.J., Therapeutic misadventures with acetaminophen: hepatotoxicity after multiple doses in children, J Pediatr.,132, 22–27 (1998) @No $ @ @ Zimmerman H.J. and Maddrey W.C., Acetaminophen (paracetamol) hepatotoxicity with regular intake of alcohol: analysis of instances of therapeutic misadventure, Hepatol.,22, 767–773 (1995) @No $ @ @ Prescott L.F., Hepatotoxicity of mild analgesics, Br J Clin Pharmac.,10, 373S–379S (1980) @No $ @ @ Meneghini R., Genotoxicity of active oxygen species in mammalian cells, Mutat Res., 195, 215-230 (1988) @No $ @ @ Hochstein P. and Atallah A.S., The nature of oxidants and antioxidant systems in the inhibition of mutation and cancer,  Mutat Res., 202, 363-375 (1998) @No $ @ @ Subramoniam A., Evans D.A. and Rajasakhran S.P., Hepatoprotective activity of Trichopus zeylanicus extracts against paracetamol induced damage in rats, Ind J Expt Biol.,  36, 385-389 (1998) @No $ @ @ Chattopadhyay R.R., Possible mechanism of hepatoprotective activity of Azadirachta indica leaf extract: part II., J Ethnopharmacol., 89, 217–219 (2003) @No $ @ @ Jagetia G.C. and Aggarwal B.B., “Spicing up’’ of the immune system by curcumin, J Clin Immunol., 27, 1(2007) @No $ @ @ Anand P., Sherin G. T., Kunnumakkara, A.B., Sundaram, C., and Harikumar K.B., et al., Biological activities of curcumin and its analogues (Congeners) made by man and Mother Nature, Biochem Pharmacol.,76, 1590–1611(2008) @No $ @ @ Moldeus P., Hogberg, J. and Orrenius, S., Isolation and Use of Liver cells. 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H. and Julien, R., NADH-dependent dehydrogenase activity estimation by flow cytometric analysis of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction, Cytomet.,13, 532–539 (1992) @No $ @ @ Knight T. R., Kurtz A., Bajt M. L., Hinson, J. A. and Jaeschke, H., Vascular and hepatocellular peroxynitrite formation during acetaminopheninduced liver injury: Role of mitochondrial oxidant stress,  Toxicol Sci., 62, 212–220 (2001) @No $ @ @ Donnelly P. J., Walker R. M. and Racz, W. J., Inhibition of mitochondrial respiration in vivo is an early event in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity, Arch Toxicol., 68,110–118 (1994) @No $ @ @ Jaeschke, H., Glutathione disulfide formation and oxidant stress during acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice in vivo: The protective effect of allopurinol,  J  Pharmacol Exper Therap.,255, 935–941 (1990) @No $ @ @ Cohen, S. D., Pumford, N. R., Khairallah, E. A., and Boekelheide, K. et al., Selective protein covalent binding and target organ toxicity, Toxicol Appl Pharmacol.,143, 1–12 (1997) @No $ @ @ Qiu Y., Benet L.Z. and Burlingame A. L., Identification of hepatic protein targets of the reactive metabolites of the nonhepatotoxic regioisomer of acetaminophen, 30-hydroxyacetanilide, in the mouse, in vivo, using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, Adv Exp Med Biol., 500, 663–673 (2001) @No $ @ @ Burcham P. C. and Harman A.W., Acetaminophen toxicity results in site-specific mitochondrial damage in isolated mouse hepatocytes, J Biol Chem.,266, 5049–5054 (1991) @No $ @ @ Ruepp S. U., Tonge R. P., Shaw J., Wallis N., and Pognan, F., Genomics and proteomics analysis of acetaminophen toxicity in mouse liver, Toxicol. Sci.,65, 135–150 (2002) @No $ @ @ Bajt M. L., Knight T. R., Farhood A. and Jaeschke H., Scavenging peroxynitrite with glutathione promotes regeneration and enhances survival during acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice. 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<#LINE#>Comparative study of Glycerate Kinase (GK): Bioinformatical Approach<#LINE#>Kanti@MondalSunil,Chandra@Neogi,Kuntal@Choudhury<#LINE#>50-59<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-192.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Biotechnology, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, 713104, West Bengal, INDIA<#LINE#>1/8/2013<#LINE#>12/9/2013<#LINE#>  There are three classes of Glycerate kinase (GK) which are class I GK, class II GK and class III GK. Class I and class II GKs produce glycerate 2-phosphate whereas class III GK (GLYK) only can produce glycerate 3-phosphate. Phylogenetic analysis on 16S ribosomal RNA sequences reveals the strong evolutionary relationship between cyanobacteria and plants. Phylogeny using GK DNA and amino acid sequences shows that cyanobacteria group is closely related with both bacteria and plants whereas fungi are closely related only with plants. Phylogeny using the amino acid sequence and hierarchical clustering on the basis of the amino acid frequencies of GK shows similar relationship among the taxa. Hierarchical clustering on the basis of GC% of GK encoding gene showing the unusual property like the RSCU value of the codons UUG and AGG are significantly low and CGA is significantly high in GC rich cluster. Correlation coefficient between GC% and the amino acids arginine, tryptophan and serine shows that the plants are different from the other selected species. ENc plot shows that except few GK genes from fungi and gammaproteobacteria all of them are under mutational bias. There is no as such codon usage similarity for the GK encoding gene from different organisms but they have similar degree of expression i.e, CAI (highest in plant) which is significantly low along with the amino acids lysine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, isoleusine and asparagine and serine in GC rich GK encoding gene. <#LINE#> @ @ Boldt R., Edner C., Kolukisaoglu U., Hagemann M., Weckwerth W., Wienkoop S., Morgenthal K. and Bauwe, H., D-Glycerate 3-kinase, the last unknown enzyme in the photorespiratory cycle in Arabidopsis, belongs to a novel kinase family. Plant Cell, 17, 2413–2420 (2005) @No $ @ @ Hubbard B.K., Koch M., Palmer D.R., Babbitt P.C. and Gerlt J.A., Evolution of enzymatic activities in the enolase superfamily: characterization of the (D)-glucarate/galactarate catabolic pathway in Escherichia coli. Biochemistry, 37, 14369–14375 (1998) @No $ @ @ Aghaie A., Lechaplais C., Sirven P., Tricot S., Besnard- Gonnet M., Muselet D., de Berardinis V., Kreimeyer A., Gyapay G., Salanoubat M. and Perret A., New insights into the alternative D-glucarate degradation pathway, J. Biol. Chem., 283, 15638–15646 (2008) @No $ @ @ Cusa E., Obradors N., Baldoma L., Badia J. and Aguilar J., Genetic analysis of a chromosomal region containing genes required for assimilation of allantoin nitrogen and linked glyoxylate metabolism in Escherichia coli, J. Bacteriol, 181, 7479–7484 (1999) @No $ @ @ Bartsch O., Hagemann M., Bauwe H., Only plant –type (GLYK) glycerate kinases produce D-glycerate 3-phosphate. FEBS Lett., 582, 3025–3028 (2008) @No $ @ @ Reher M., Bott M., and Scho¨nheit P., Characterization of glycerate kinase (2-phosphoglycerate forming), a key enzyme of the nonphosphorylative Entner–Doudoroff pathway, from the thermoacidophilic euryarchaeon Picrophilus torridus. FEMS Microbiol. 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H., The codon adaptation index a measure of directional synonymous codon usage bias, and its potential applications, Nucleic Acids Research,15, 1281-1295 (1987) @No 
<#LINE#>Phyllosphere Microflora of Muga Silkworm Host Plant Persea bombycina Kost (Som) Leaves in Jorhat District of Assam, India<#LINE#>P.M.@Bhuyan,S.P.@Sandilya ,D.K.@Gogoi<#LINE#>60-65<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-194.pdf<#LINE#>Biotechnology Division, Central Silk Board, Central Muga Eri Research & Training Institute, Lahdoigarh-785700, Jorhat, Assam, INDIA<#LINE#>5/8/2013<#LINE#>8/9/2013<#LINE#>  Phyllosphere microorganisms influence the growth of their host plants, either negatively as pathogens or positively by increasing the stress tolerance and disease resistance. Persea bombycina Kost is the primary host plant of golden silk producing muga silkworm Antheraea assamensis. In this study, silkworm fed and non-fed leaf samples of Persea bombycina was collected from Jorhat District, Assam, India towards the isolation, enumeration and characterization of phylloplane microflora by culture dependent techniques using NA, Luria, Czapek-Dox, PDA and RBC Agar media. The average fungal and bacterial population was recorded more in non-fed leaf then silkworm fed leaf samples throughout the year. There was significant positive correlation between temperature and microbial population, whereas negative correlation was observed against relative humidity. Characterization of bacterial isolates was carried out by Gram’s staining method and according to Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Out of eight isolates, two were Gram positive cocci, three Gram positive rod, two Gram negative rod and one Gram negative cocci. Fungal isolates were identified on the basis of their colony morphology, mycelium, sporangiophore and spore morphology. It was noticed that the Penicillium species is dominant among all the isolated fungal species. Other isolates were identified as Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp. and Yeast.  <#LINE#> @ @ Kim M.,  Singh D.,  Lai-Hoe A.,   Go R.,  Rahim R. A.,  Ainuddin A.N., Chun J. and Adams J. M.,  Distinctive Phyllosphere Bacterial Communities in Tropical Trees, Microb Ecol., 63 (3), 674-681 (2012) @No $ @ @ Morris C. and Kinkel L., Fifty years of phyllosphere microbiology: significant contributions to research in related fields. Phyllosphere Microbiology, Lindow, S., E. Hecht-Poinar and V. Elliott, (Eds.). APS Press, St. Paul, MN, USA, 365-375 (2002) @No $ @ @ T. Cordier, Robin C., Capdevielle X., Desprez-Loustau M.L. and Vacher C.,  Spatial variability of phyllosphere fungal assemblages: genetic distance predominates over geographic distance in a European beech stand (Fagus sylvatica), Fungl Ecol., 5(5), 509-520 (2012) @No $ @ @ Leveau J., Life on leaves, Nature,461, 741 (2009) @No $ @ @ A. Tikader, Vijayan K. and Saratchandra B., Muga silkworm, Antheraea assamensis (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) – an overview of distribution, biology and breeding, Eur. J. Entomol., 110(2), 293-300 (2013) @No $ @ @ Chakravorty R., Neog K., Suryanarayana N. and Hazarika L.K., Feeding and moulting behaviour of muga silkworm Anthereae assama Ww) on different food plants. Sericol., 44(2), 145-152 (2004) @No $ @ @ Saikia S., Handique R., Pathak A. and K. Das., Rearing performance of muga on the primary and secondary food plants with an attempt for the survival of now extinct Mejankari silk heritage of Assam, Sericol., 44 (3), 373-376 (2004) @No $ @ @ Bindroo B.B., Singh N.T. and Sahu A.K., Litsea glutinosa Lour. - A new food plant of muga silkworm (Anthereae assamensis Helfer.), Sericol., 49 (2) 231-237 (2009) @No $ @ @ F.M. Al-Jasass,  Assessment of the microbial growth and chemical changes in beef and lamb meat collected from supermarket and shop during summer and winter season, Res. J. Recent Sci., 2(4), 20-27 (2013) @No $ @ @ Holt J.G., Krieg N.R., Sneath P.H.A. and Staley, Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th edn. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, USA, 175-189 (1994) @No $ @ @ Smibert R.M. and Krieg N.R., Generation Characterization. In: Manual of Methods for General Bacteriology, Gerhard, P.M., R.N. Castillow, E.W. Nester, W.A. Wood, N.R. Krieg and G.B Phillips, (Eds.), American Society for Microbiology, USA, 409-443 (1981) @No $ @ @ S. Kumaran,  Deivasigamani B.,  Alagappan K. M.,  Sakthivel M. and  Guru Prasad S., Isolation and characterization of Pseudomonas sp. KUMS3 from Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) with fin rot, World J Microbiol Biotechnol., 26 (2), 359-363 (2010) @No $ @ @ Domsch K.H., Games W. and Anderson T.H., Compendium of Soil Fungi, Academic Press, London, Vol.-I. Eching: IHW-verlag, 860 (1980) @No $ @ @ R.N. Kharwar,  GondS.,  KumarA. and Mishra A., A comparative study of endophytic and epiphytic fungal association with leaf of Eucalyptus citriodora Hook., and their antimicrobial activity, World J. Microbiol Biotechnol., 26(11), 1941-1948 (2012) @No $ @ @ Hata K. and Futai K., Endophytic fungi associated with healthy pine needles and needles infested by the pine needle gall midge Thecodiplosis japonensis. Can. J. Bot., 73, 384-390 (1995) @No $ @ @ L. Xu, Zhou L., Zhao J., Li J., Li X. and Wang J., Fungal endophytes from Dioscorea zingiberensis rhizomes and their antibacterial activity, Lett Appl Microbiol., 46(1), 68-72 (2008) @No $ @ @ Andrews J.H., Kenerley C.M. and Nordheim E.V., Positional variation in phylloplane population within an apple tree canopy, Microb. Ecol., 71–84 (1980) @No $ @ @ D.M. Jadhav and Gawai D.U., Effect of different nutrient sources on biomass production of phylloplane yeast Aureobasidium pullulans (De Bary), Intl. Res. J. Biological Sci., 1(8), 85-87, (2012) @No $ @ @ J. A. Vorholt, Microbial life in the phyllosphere. Nature Rev Microbiol., 10, 828-840 (2012) @No $ @ @ Lindow S.E. and Brandl M.T., Microbiology of the phyllosphere, Appl. Environ. Microbiol.,69, 1875–1883 (2003) @No $ @ @ Baldotto L.E.B. and Olivares F.L., Phylloepiphytic interaction between bacteria and different plant species in a tropical agricultural system, Can. J. Microbiol.54, 918–931 (2008) @No $ @ @ Andrews J.H. and Harris R.F., The ecology and biogeography of microorganisms of plant surfaces, Annu Rev Phytopathol., 38,145–180 (2000) @No $ @ @ Kakati L.N. and Kakati B.T., Seasonality of nutrient contents of different leaf types of two primary host plants of Antheraea assamensis Helfer, The Ecoscan, 1, 262-165 (2011) @No $ @ @ Sen A.K., Chemical constituents of leaves of Som plant, Ind. J. Seri., 34, 39-42 (1988) @No $ @ @ R. Chakraborty, Impact of microbe in degradation of bamboo plantation of Balpakram National Park of Meghalaya with special reference to the parasitic forms, India, Res. J. Recent Sci.,1(ISC-2011) @No $ @ @ , 310-312 (2012) @No $ @ @ Amanda J.R., Robert M.B., Knight R., Linhart Y. and Fierer N., The ecology of the phyllosphere: geographic and phylogenetic variability in the distribution of bacteria on tree leaves, Environ Microbiol., 12(11), 2885–2893 (2010) @No $ @ @ Stadler B., Michalzik B., and Mueller T., Linking aphid ecology with nutrient fluxes in a coniferous forest, Ecolog., 79, 1514–1525 (1998) @No $ @ @ Papen H., Gessler A., Zumbusch E., and Rennenberg H., Chemolithoautotrophic nitrifiers in the phyllosphere of a spruce ecosystem receiving high atmospheric nitrogen input, Curr. Microbiol.44, 56–60 (2002) @No $ @ @ S.N. Bobade and Khyade V.B., Influence of inorganic nutrients on the activity of enzyme, nitrate reductase in the leaves of mulberry, Morus alba (L) (M-5 variety), Res. J. Recent Sci., 1(5), 14-21 (2012) @No $ @ @ Freiberg E., Microclimatic parameters influencing nitrogen fixation in the phyllosphere in a Costa Rican premontane rain forest, Oecologia, 117, 9–18 (1998) @No $ @ @ V. Bhardwaj and Neelam G., Importance of exploration of microbial biodiversity, ISCA J. Biological Sci., 1(3), 78-83 (2012) @No 
<#LINE#>Bioremediation of Heavy Metals Using Isolates of Filamentous Fungus Aspergillus fumigatus Collected from Polluted Soil of Kasur, Pakistan<#LINE#>Shazia@Iram,Uzma@,@GulRukhSadia,Talat@Ara<#LINE#>66-73<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-199.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, The Mall, Rawalpindi, PAKISTAN <#LINE#>7/8/2013<#LINE#>28/9/2013<#LINE#>Microorganism executes major role in heavy metals biosorption from polluted soil and water. Heavy metals having relatively high density are toxic at low concentration. The concentration of heavy metals is increasing due to rapid industrialization. To control metal pollution biotechnology is being applied and biosorption is one of the processes of biotechnology. The study was conducted on the various isolates of highly tolerate filamentous fungal species, Aspergillus fumigatus isolated from polluted soil collected from Kasur district, Pakistan. Biosorption capacity of Aspergillus fumigatus was investigated against metals viz. lead (Pd), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) at constant pH 5 and temperature 30 ºC and at 200ppm, 400ppm, 600ppm and 800ppm metal solution concentrations. The highest biosorption value (76.07) exhibited by A. fumigatus isolate K3 against Pb, followed by Cu (69.6) and Cr (40.0) at 800ppm metal concentration. The purpose of the present investigation was to investigate different fungal isolates absorption behavior towards various heavy metals toxic and detrimental to flora and fauna. The knowledge of present study will be helpful for further assessment and management of natural biosorbent (fungus) which could serve as an economical source of treating industrial effluents with toxic metallic ions.<#LINE#> @ @ Spiegel S.J., Farmer J.K. and Garver S.R., Heavy Metal concentration in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant Sludge, Bull. Environ.Contam. Toxicol.,35, 38-43(1985) @No $ @ @ Navarro M.C., Pérez-Sirvent C., Martínez-Sánchez M.J., Vidal J., Tovar, P.J. and Bech, J., Abandoned mine sites as a source of contamination by heavy metals: A case study in a semi-arid zone, J. Geo. Explor., 96(2-3), 183-193 (2008) @No $ @ @ BrumelisG., Brown D.H., Nikodemus O. and Tjarve D., The monitoring and risk assessment of Zn deposition around a metal smelter in Latvia, Environ. Monit. Assess., 8(2), 201-212(1999) @No $ @ @ Vaalgamaa S. and Conley D.J.,Detecting environmental change in estuaries: Nutrient and heavy metal distributions in sediment cores in estuaries from the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science,76(1), 45-56 (2008) @No $ @ @ Cortes O.E.J., Barbosa L.A.D. and Kiperstok A., Biological treatment of industrial liquid effluent in copper production industry, Tecbahia Revista Baiana de Tecnologia, 18(1), 89-99 (2003) @No $ @ @ Matheickal J.T. and Yu Q., Biosorption of lead (II) and copper (II) from aquoues solution by pretreated biomass of Australian marine algae, Bioresour. Technol., 69, 223-229 (1999) @No $ @ @ Das N., Vimala R. and Karthika P., Biosorption of heavy metals-An overview, Indian Journal of Biotechnology, , 159-169 (2008) @No $ @ @ Kuyucak N., Feasibility of biosorbents application, Biosorption of heavy metals, B. Volesky (Editor), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL., 371-378 (1990) @No $ @ @ Volesky B.,Sorption and biosorption, BV Sorbex, Inc., Montreal, Canada, 16 (2003) @No $ @ @ Fourest E. and Roux J.C., Heavy metal biosorption by fungal mycelial by-products: mechanisms and influence of pH, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., , 399–403 (1992) @No $ @ @ Cabuk A., Ilhan S., Filik C., Caliskan F., Pb2+ biosorption by pretreated fungal biomass, Turk. J. Biol., 29, 23-28 (2004) @No $ @ @ Preetha B. and Viruthagiri T., Biosortion of zinc (II) by Rhizopus arrhizus: equilibrium and kinetic modeling, Afr. J of Biotech., 4(6), 506-508 (2005) @No $ @ @ Madigan M.T., Martinko J. M. and Parker J.,Brock Biology of Microorganisms, 9th ed.; Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River, NJ (2000) @No $ @ @ Das S.K., Das A.R and Guha A.K.,A Study on the Adsorption Mechanism of Mercury on Aspergillus versicolor Biomass, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 8281–8287 (2007) @No $ @ @ Kapoor A., Viraraghavan T. and Cullimore D.R., Removal of heavy metals using the fungus Aspergillus niger. Bioresour. Technol.,70, 95–104 (1999) @No $ @ @ Yan G. and Viraraghavan T., Effect of pretreatment on the bioadsorption of heavy-metal on Mucor rouxii, Water Res., 26, 119–123 (2003) @No $ @ @ Filipovic Kovacevic Z., Sipos L. and Briski F., Biosorption of chromium, copper, nickel and zinc ions onto fungalpellets of Aspergillus niger 405 from aqueous solutions, Food Technol. Biotechnol.,38 (3), 211–216 (2000) @No $ @ @ Javaid A. and Bajwa R. Biosorption of electroplating heavy metals by some basidiomycetes, Mycopath., 6(1&2),1-6 (2008) @No $ @ @ Guibal E., Roulph C. and Cloirec P.L., Uranium biosorption by filamentous fungus Mucor miechei: pH effect on mechanisms and performance of uptake, Water Res.,26, 1139(1992) @No $ @ @ Ahmad I., Ansari M.I. and Aqil F., Biosorption of Ni, Cr and Cd by metal tolerant Aspergillus niger and Penicillium spp. using single and multi-metal solution, Indian journal of experimental biology, 44, 73-76 (2006) @No $ @ @ Zafar S., Aqil F. and Ahmad I., Metal tolerance and biosorption potential of filamentous fungi isolated from metal contaminated agricultural soil, Bioresour. Technol., 98, 2557–2561 (2006) @No $ @ @ Sosak-´Swiderska B., The soil fungi communities and risk assessment of heavy metal contaminated soils management, Geophysical Research Abstract, 12, 14357 (2010) @No $ @ @ Faryal R., Sultan A., Tahir F., Ahmed S. and Hameed A., Biosorption of Lead by Indigenous Fungal Strains, Pak. J. Bot., 39(2), 615-622 (2007) @No $ @ @ Ahmad I., Zafar S. and Ahmed F., Heavy metal biosorption potential of Aspergillus spp. And Rhizopus sp., isolated from wastewater treated soil, J. Appl.Sci. Environ. Manag., 9(1),123-126 (2005) @No $ @ @ Paraszkiewicz K., Kanwal A. and D\nugoski J., Emulsifier production by steroid transforming filamentous fungus Curvularia lunata. Growth and product characterization, J. Biotechnol., 92, 287–294 (2002) @No $ @ @ Iqbal M. and Edyvean R.G.J., Biosorption of lead, copper and zinc ions on loofa sponge immobilized biomass of Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Miner. Eng., 17, 217–223 (2004) @No $ @ @ Göksungur Y., Üren S. and Güven U.,Biosorption of cadmium and lead ions by ethanol treated waste baker’s yeast biomass, Bioresour. Technol., 96, 103–109 (2005) @No $ @ @ Melgar M.J., Alonso J. and Garcia M.A.,Removal of toxic metals from aqueous solutions by fungal biomass of Agaricus macrosporus. Sci. Total. Environ., 385, 12–19 (2007) @No $ @ @ Mungasavalli D.P., Viraraghavan T. and Jin Y., Biosorption of chromium from aqueous solutions by pretreated Aspergillus niger: Batch and column studies, Colloids Surf. A. Physicochem.Eng. Asp., 301, 214–223 (2007) @No $ @ @ Srivastava K.P. and Singh V. K., Impact of Air-Pollution on pH of soil of Saran, Bihar, India, Res. J. Recent Sci., 1(4), 9 -13 (2012) @No $ @ @ Parikh A.N. and Mankodi P.C., Limnology of Sama Pond, Vadodara City, Gujarat, Res. J. Recent Sci., 1(1), 16–21 (2012) @No $ @ @ Patil S.G., Chonde S.G., Jadhav A.S. and Raut P.D., Impact of Physico chemical characteristics of Shivaji University lakes on Phytoplankton communities, Kolhapur, India, Res.J. Recent Sci., 1(2), 56-60 (2012) @No $ @ @ Hassan M.M., Alam M.Z. and Anwar M.N., Biodegradation of Textile Azo Dyes by Bacteria Isolated from Dyeing Industry Effluent, Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., 2(8), 27-31 (2013) @No
<#LINE#>Ethnobotanical Resources of Leguminales from Lonar Crater<#LINE#>S.D.@Dabhadkar,S.B.@Borul<#LINE#>74-78<#LINE#>10.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-200.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Botany, Late Ku. Durga K. Banmeru Science College, Lonar Dist Buldana, MS, INDIA @ Department of Chemistry, Late Ku. Durga K. Banmeru Science College, Lonar, Dist Buldana, MS, INDIA<#LINE#>7/8/2013<#LINE#>24/9/2013<#LINE#>Lonar crater is the unique ecosystem with its own feature. It is the crater formed by the meteorite impact on the earth about fifty two thousand years ago. The crater possesses the smallest forest sanctuary with great biological diversity. It is rich in its biodiversity. This may be one of the important resources for various ethnomedicines. In Lonar crater various types of medicinal plants are found. In present study plants belonging to leguminales are studied. This plant possesses various types of pharmacological drugs. This can be used as the medicine in various ayurvedic preparations. These drugs can be extracted from the various plant parts. Thus the given study highlights the ethnobotanical diversity of leguminales from Lonar Crater. The paper highlights the ethnobotanical diversity of leguminales from Lonar Crater. <#LINE#> @ @ Nostro A.M.P., Germano, V. Angelo., A. Marino., and Cannatelli, M.A., Extraction methods and Bioutography for evaluation of medicinal plant antimicrobial activity, Letters in Applied Microbiology, (30), 379-348, (2000) @No $ @ @ Purohit S.S. and Vyas S.P., Medicinal plants cultivation a scientific approach including processing and financial guidelines.stedit. Publishers Agrobios, Jodhpur, India, 1-3, (2004) @No $ @ @ Gupta M.U.K., Mazumder S., Chakrabarti M. Gupta and Chakrabarti S., CNS activities of methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera root in mice, Fitoterapia,  (70), 244-250, (1999) @No $ @ @ Varaprasad Bobbarala1 and Varahalarao Vadlapudi,Abrus Precatorius L. Seed Extracts Antimicrobial        properties against clinically important bacteria, International Journal of PharmTech Research, 4), 1115-1118, (2009) @No $ @ @ Lewis K. and Ausubel F.M., Prospects of plant derived antibacterials. Nat. Biotechnol, (24), 1504-1507, (2006) @No $ @ @ Kafaru E., Immense help formative workshop, In Essential Pharmacology, 1st Ed. Elizabeth Kafaru Publishers Lagos, Nigeria, (1994) @No $ @ @ Harbottle H., Thakur S., Zhao S. and White D.G., Genetics of Antimicrobial Resistance, Anim. Biotechnol,  (17), 111-124, (2006) @No $ @ @ Khan A.U. and Musharraf A., Plasmid Mediated Multiple Antibiotic Resistances in Proteus mirabilis Isolated from Patients with Urinary Tract Infection, Med. Sci. Mont, 10), 598-602(2004) @No $ @ @ Windholz M., The Merck Index: an encyclopedia of chemicals, drugs, and Biologicals, 10th ed. Rahway, New Jersey, Merck and Co., Inc (1983) @No $ @ @ Rajaram N. and Janardhanan K., The chemical composition and nutritional potential of the tribal pulse, Abrus precatorius ., Plant Foods Hum Nutr,  42(4), 285-290 (1992) @No $ @ @ Olurinola P.F., A laboratory manual of pharmaceutical microbiology. Printed by National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Idu Abuja, Nigeria, 69- 105, (1996) @No $ @ @ Zarger R, Stepp JR. Persistence of botanical knowledge among Tzeltal Maya Children, Current Anthropology,  45), 413-418, (2004) @No $ @ @ Godoy R., Reyes-García V., Byron E., Leonard W., Vadez V., The effect of market economies on the well-being of indigenous peoples and on their use of renewable natural resources, Annual Review of Anthropology, (34), 121-38, (2005) @No $ @ @ Hemlal H. and Subban R., GC-MS, HPTLC and Antimicrobial analysis of Root extracts of Pseudarthria viscida Wight and Arn and Desmodium gangeticum (Linn) DC, I. Res. J. Biological Sci., 1(5), 57-65 (2012) @No $ @ @ Khwaja Salahuddin, Gor Suresh, Visavadia Manish, Soni Virendra and Tatmia Nalin, Ethnobotanical Survey of Some Parasitic Plants Growing in Girnar forest of Junagadh District of Gujarat, India, Int. Res. J. Biological Sci.,2(4), 59-62, 2278-3202, (2013) @No $ @ @ Sinhababu Arijit and Banerjee Arpita, Documentation of Some Ethno-medicinal Plants of Family Lamiaceae in Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., 2(6), 63-65, (2013) @No $ @ @ Sainkhediya J. and Aske D.K., Ethno medicinal plants used by tribal communities for the treatment of Snake bite in west Nimar, MP, India, ISCA J. Biological Sci, 1(2), 77-79 (2012) @No $ @ @ Dey S.K., De A., Karmakar S., De P.K., Chakraborty S.,Samanta A. and Mukherjee A., Ethnobotanical study in a remote district of West Bengal, India, Pharmbit, 2, 91-96 (2009) @No
<#LINE#>Simultaneous detection of Photobacteriumdamselae, Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio parahaemolyticus using multiplex PCR amplification method<#LINE#>J.@Ransangan,M.M.T.@Lal<#LINE#>79-84<#LINE#>11.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-208.pdf<#LINE#> Microbiology and Fish Disease Laboratory, Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, MALAYSIA<#LINE#>11/8/2013<#LINE#>24/9/2013<#LINE#>The aim of this study was to develop a multiplex PCR amplification method that simultaneously detects the presence of four bacterial pathogens (Photobacteriumdamselae, V. alginolyticus, V. harveyi and V. parahaemolyticus), which are often synergistically caused disease to culture fish throughout the tropical waters, and occasionally cause food poisoning and wound infection to human. Specific multiplex PCR primers targeting conserve regions of virulence genes of the pathogens were designed and tested against different concentrations of MgCl and annealing temperatures. In addition to specificity against different bacterial species, the multiplex PCR was also tested against tissue and environmental samples known to harbor the pathogens. The result showed that the multiplex PCR was highly specific to the target pathogens. The optimumMgCl2 concentration and annealing temperature for successful multiplex PCR amplification of the pathogens were at5.0 mM and 56 °C, respectively. The detection limit of the multiplex PCR was at 10 pg of DNA template. Although the concentration of the pathogens in the environment is often lower, enrichment with tryptic soy broth supplemented with 2% NaCl (w/v) has shown to enhance the growth of the bacterial pathogens and hence improved detection. The rapidity, simplicity and cost-effectiveness of the multiplex PCR amplification method described in this paper provide a useful bio-security tool for the determination of the pathogens in aquaculture farms and seafood processing industries throughout the tropical countries. <#LINE#> @ @ Alcaide E., Amaro C., Todolí R. and Oltra R., Isolation and characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus causing infection in Iberian toothcarpAphaniusiberus, Dis Aquat Organ., 35, 77–80 (1999) @No $ @ @ Labella A., Vida M., Alonso M.C., Infente C., Cardenas S., Lopez-Romalde S., Manchado M. and Borrego J.J.,(2006) @No $ @ @ First isolation of Photobacteriumdamselaessp. Damselae from cultured redbandedseabream, Pagrusauriga Valenciennes, in Spain, J Fish Dis, 29, 175–179 (2006) @No $ @ @ Ransangan J. and Mustafa S., Identification of Vibrio harveyi isolated from diseased asianseabass Latescalcariferby use of 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing, J AquatAnim Health, 21,150–155 (2009) @No $ @ @ Yanuhar U., The role of immunogenic adhesion Vibrio alginolyticus 49 kDa to molecule expression of major histocompatibility complex on receptor of humpback grouper Cromileptesaltivelis, World Academy SciEng Technol., 43, 968–973 (2010) @No $ @ @ Asato J. andKanaya F., Fatal infection of the hand due to Photobacteriumdamselae: a case report, Clin Infect Dis., 38, 100–101 (2004) @No $ @ @ Schmidt U., Chamel H. andCobbs C.,Vibrio alginolyticus infections in humans, J ClinMicrobiol., 10(5), 666–668 (1979) @No $ @ @ Shirai H., Ito H., Hirayama T., Nakabayashi Y., Kumagai K., Takeda Y. andNishibuchi M., Molecular epidemiologic evidence for association of thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) and TDH-related hemolysin of Vibrio parahaemolyticus with gastroenteritis, Infect Immun., 58, 3568–3573 (1990) @No $ @ @ Fabbro C., Celussi M., Russell H. and Del Negro P., Phenotypic and genetic diversity of coexisting Listonellaanguillarum, Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio chagassirecovered from skin haemorrhages of diseased sand smelt, Atherinaboyeri, in the Gulf of Trieste (NE Adriatic Sea), LettApplMicrobiol.,54, 153–159 (2012) @No $ @ @ Oliver J.D. andKaper J.B., Vibrio species. In Food Microbiology: Fundamentals and Frontier ed Doyle MP, Beuchat LR, Montville TJ, ASM Press, Washington, pp. 263 – 300(2001) @No $ @ @ Thompson F.L., Gevers D., Thompson C.C.,Dawyndt P., Naser S., Hoste B., Munn C.B. and Swings J., Phylogeny and molecular identification of Vibrios on the basis of multilocus sequence analysis, Appl Environ Microbiol., 71, 5107–5115 (2005) @No $ @ @ Lal M.T.B.M. and Ransangan J., Taxonomic classification of Vibrio harveyi using 16S rDNA and atpAgene sequencing method, Int J Res Pure ApplMicrobiol., , 17–24 (2013) @No $ @ @ Mata A.I., Gibello A., Casamayor A.,Blanco M., Domínguez L. andFernández-Garayzábal, Multiplex PCR assay for detection of bacterial pathogens associated with warm-water streptococcosis in fish, Appl Environ Microbiol.,70, 3183–3187 (2004) @No $ @ @ Chen Y. andKnabel S.J., Multiplex PCR for silmutaneous detection of bacteria of the genus Listeria, Listeriamonocytogenes, and major serotypes and epidemic clones of L.monocytogenesAppl Environ Microbiol.,73, 6299–6304 (2007) @No $ @ @ Panicker G., Call D.R., Krug M.J. andBej A.K., Detection of pathogenic Vibrio spp. in shellfish by using multiplex PCR and DNA microarrays, Appl Environ Microbiol., 70, 7436–7444 (2004) @No $ @ @ Bauer A. andRørvik L.M., A novel multiplex PCR for the identification of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio choleraeand Vibrio vulnificusLettApplMicrobiol.,45, 371–375 (2007) @No $ @ @ Fadaeifard F., Momtaz H., Rahimi E. andMirzakhani A., Detection of Streptococcus iniae and Lactococcusgarvieaeby multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in some rainbow trout farms of Iran,African J Biot.,11, 260–263 (2012) @No $ @ @ Osorio C.R. andKlose K.E., A region of the transmembrane regulatory protein ToxR that tethers the transcriptional activation domain to the cytoplasmic membrane displays wide divergence among Vibrio species, J Bacteriol., 182, 526–528 (2000) @No $ @ @ Phillips A.J. and Simon C., Simple, efficient, and nondestructive DNA extraction protocol for arthropods,Ann EntomolSoc Am.,88, 281–283(1995) @No $ @ @ Takeuchi H., Shibano Y., Morihara K., Fukushima J., Inami S., Keil B., Gilles A-M., Kawamoto S. and Okuda K., Structural gene and complete amino acid sequence of Vibrio alginolyticuscollagenase,Biochem J., 281, 703–708 (1992) @No $ @ @ Ransangan J., Lal M.T. and Al-Harbi A.H., Characterization and experimental infection of Vibrio harveyi isolated from diseased Asian seabass Latescalcarifer),Malays J Microbiol.,, 104–115 (2012) @No $ @ @ Matsumoto C., Okuda J., Ishibashi M., Iwanaga M., Garg P., Rammamurthy T., Wong H–C., Depaola A., Kim Y.B., Albert, M.J. andNishibuchi M., Pandemic spread of an O3:K6 clone of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and emergence of related strains evidenced by arbitrarily primed PCR and toxRS sequence analyses,J ClinMicrobiol.,38, 578–585 (2000) @No $ @ @ Edward M.C. and Gibbs R.A., Multiplex PCR: advantages, development, and applications,Genome Res.,, 65–75 (1994) @No $ @ @ Wei B., Cha S–Y., Kang M., Park I–J., Moon O–K., Park C-K. and Jang H–K., Development and application of a multiplex PCR assay for rapid detection of 4 major bacterial pathogens in ducks, Poultry Sci.,92, 1164–1170 (2013) @No $ @ @ Thomason B.M., Dood D.J. and Cherry W.B., Increased recovery of Salmonellae from environmental samples enriched with buffered peptone water,Appl Environ Microbiol.,34, 270–273 (1977) @No $ @ @ Murk J-L., Heddema E.R., Hess D.L.,Bogaards J.A.,Vandenbroucke-Grauls C.M.J.E. andDebets-Ossenkopp Y.J., Enrichment broth improved detection of extended-spectrum-beta lactamase-producing bacteria in throat and rectal surveillance cultures of samples from patients in intensive care units,J ClinMicrobiol., 47, 1885–1887 (2009) @No
<#LINE#>Utilization of Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crasipes) Meal as Partial Replacement for Fish meal on the Growth Performance of Cyprinus carpio fry<#LINE#>S.B.@Mohapatra,A.K.@Patra<#LINE#>85-89<#LINE#>12.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-209.pdf<#LINE#>2 Department of Zoology, Banki Autonomous College, Banki, Cuttack, Odisha,INDIA P.G. Department of Zoology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, INDIA <#LINE#>11/8/2013<#LINE#>25/9/2013<#LINE#>Cyprinus carpio (L.) fry were fed with a control (0% water hyacinth) and three different experimental  diets,  containing 15%,  30% and 45%of water hyacinth  in place of fish meal as protein source at 5% of the body weight for 120 days under laboratory condition. The study revealed a decrease in the growth performance indices as the percentage of water hyacinth increases. The results also clearly showed that fry fed with diet 15% water hyacinth dietary inclusion perform the best result among three different experimental diets. Although fishmeal is non replaceable but can be supplemented with water hyacinth up to an optimum level to produce cost effective feed for the growth performance of Cyprinus carpio. There was no significant difference between the growth performance of fish that were fed diets containing up to 15% water hyacinth  and fish that were fed the control diet (P0.05), except for the group of fish on the 45% water hyacinth  diet. Also, no significant difference was observed among treatments with respect to feed utilization (P0.05). <#LINE#> @ @ Devaraj K.V., Keshavappa G.Y. and Manisser J.K., Growth of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella fed on two terrestrial fodder plants, Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, 17, 123-128 (1976) @No $ @ @ Edward P., Kamal M. and Wee K.L., Incorporation of composted and dried water hyacinth in pelleted feed for the tilapia Orechromis niloticus (Peters), Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, , 233-248 (1985) @No $ @ @ Igbinosun O.R. and Amako D., Investigation into probable use of water hyacinth (Eichornia cassipes) in Tilapia feed formulation, Nigeria Institute for Freshwater Fisheries Research Technical Paper, 39, 3-9 (1988) @No $ @ @ Rumsey G.L., Fish meal and alternative sources of Protein, Fisheries 18, 14-19 (1993) @No $ @ @ Azim M.E. and Wahab M.A., Development of a duckweedfedcarp polyculture system in Bangladesh, Aquaculture, 218, 425-438 (2003) @No $ @ @ Jhingran V.G., Fish and Fisheries of India, 3rd Ed., Hindustan Publishing Co., Delhi, India (1991) @No $ @ @ Shabbier S., Salim M. and Rashid M., Study on the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in major carp Cirrhinus mrigala fed on sunflower meal, wheat bran and maize gluten 30%,Pakistan Vet. J., 23(1), 1-3 (2003) @No $ @ @ Inayat L. and Salim M., Feed conversion ratio of major carp, Cirrhinus mrigala, fingerlings fed on soybean meal, maize gluten and maize, PakistanVet. J, 25(1), 13-17 (2005) @No $ @ @ Gull Y., Salim M., Shahzad K. and Noreen U., Study on the growth performance and feed conversion ratio of Labeo rohita fed on soybean meal, blood meal and corn gluten 60%, Indus J. Biol. Sci.,2(4), 556-562 (2005) @No $ @ @ Woynarovich E., Elementary guide to fishculture in Nepal,FAO Rome (1975) @No $ @ @ Kusemiju K. and Akingboju O.S., Comparative growth of sarotherodon melanotheron (Ruppell) on formulated fish feed and water Hyacinth diets, Op.cit., 196-203 (1988) @No $ @ @ Fagbenro O.A. and Arowosegbe I.A., Utilization of agricultural wastes and by-products in fish feeds production in Nigeria. Proceedings of the 6th Annual Conference of Fisheries Society of Nigeria, Lagos, 121-130 (1991) @No $ @ @ Edward P., Kamal M. and Wee K.L., Incorporation of composted and dried water hyacinth in pelleted feed for the tilapia  Orechromis niloticus (Peters), Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, 1, 233-248, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.1985.tb00312.x (1985.) @No $ @ @ Patra B.C. and Ray A.K., A preliminary study on the utilization of the aquatic weed Hydrilla Verticillata (L.f.) Rayle as feed by the carp, Labeo rohita (Hamilton): growth and certain biochemical composition of flesh, Indian Biology, XX(I), 44-50 (1988) @No $ @ @ Ray A.K. and Das., Evaluation of dried aquatic weed, Pistia stratiotes meal as feedstuff in pelleted fed for rohu, Labeo rohita finferlings, Journal of Applied Aquaculture, , 35-44 (1995) @No $ @ @ Wee K.L. and Wany S.S., Nutritive value of Leucaena leaf meal in pelleted feed for Nile Tilapia, Aquaculture, 62, 97-108 (1987) @No $ @ @ A.P.H.A., Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (20th Ed.), American Public Health Association, the American Water Works Association and the Water Environment Federation,1220 (1998) @No $ @ @ Duncan D.B., Multiple range and multiple F-tests, Biometrics, 11, 1-42 (1955) @No $ @ @ Jackson A.J., Capper BS. and Matty AJ., Evaluation of some plant proteins in compound diets for the tilapia Sarotherodon mossambicus,Aquaculture,  27, 97-109 (1982) @No $ @ @ Devaraj K.V., Keshavappa G.Y. and Manissery J.K., Growth of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Val.) fed on two terrestrial fodder plants, Aquaculture Fisheries Management, 17, 123-128 (1986) @No $ @ @ Fagbenro O.A. and Arowosegbe I.A., Utilization of agricultural wastes and by-products in fish feeds production in Nigeria, Proceedings of the 6th Annual Conference of Fisheries Society of Nigeria, Lagos, 121-130 (1991) @No $ @ @ Rumsey G.L., Fish meal and alternative sources of Protein, Fisheries, 18, 14-19 (1993) @No $ @ @ Fagbenro O.A., Quantitative dietary protein requirements of Clarias isheriensis (Synderham, 1988) @No $ @ @ (Clariidae) fingerlings, Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 8, 164-169 (1992) @No $ @ @ Luo Z., Liu Y.J., Mai K., Tian L.X., Liu D.H. and Tan XY., Optimal dietary protein requirement of grouper Epinephelus coioides juveniles fed isoenergetic diets in floating net cages, Aquaculture Nutrition, 10, 247-252 (2004) @No $ @ @ Deng J., Mai K., Ai Q., Zhang W., Wang X., Xu W., et al., Effects of replacing fish meal with soy protein concentrate on feed intake and growth of juvenile Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus,Aquaculture, 258, 503-513 (2006) @No $ @ @ Sa R., Pousao-Ferreira P., Oliva-Teles A., Effect of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth and feed utilization of White Sea bream (Diplodus sarus) juveniles, Aquaculture Nutrition, 12, 310-321 (2006) @No $ @ @ Das K.M., Mohanty S.N. and Sarkar S., Optimum dietary protein to energy ratio for Labeo rohita fingerlings, In Proceedings of the Fourth Asian Fisheries Society, Spec. Publ., , 205 (1991) @No 
<#LINE#>Genomic and Proteomic Properties of the Genes involved for Zinc Transportation in Firmicutes<#LINE#>MondalSunil@Kanti,Papiya@Chakraborty<#LINE#>90-101<#LINE#>13.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-210.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biotechnology, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, 713104, West Bengal, INDIA <#LINE#>14/8/2013<#LINE#>21/9/2013<#LINE#>Two types of zinc transport systems known as high affinity and low affinity on the basis of zinc availability in medium have been identified in bacteria. Genes responsible for the high affinity uptake system of zinc are ycdH, ycdI, yceA and for low affinity uptake system are yciA, yciB, yciC in firmicutes. From phylogenetic tree analysis of genes responsible for high affinity zinc uptake, Bacillus is the earliest to have evolved among the 4 genuses. Amino acids composition and the Gravy’s score analysis shows that ycdH, ycdI, and yciC genes are hydrophilic amino acid rich, suggesting that they can either form a transport channel for zinc entry or can bind to zinc cation for transport, and yceA is hydrophobic amino acid rich showing its function in membrane composition. Also, all the three genes of both high affinity and low affinity uptake system are AT rich. The relationship between GC content and amino acid groups based on polarity and charge, depicts that the gene ycd Hand ycdI shows similar trend but different from yceA, whereas yciA, yciB, and yciC shows similar trend in all the groups except acidic and basic polar and aromatics in yciC. For high affinity genes, a hierarchical clustering based on amino acid frequencies of the proteins encoded by the genes, the GC3 content and RSCU values of these genes, shows that all the organisms under a particular genus falls under same cluster, supporting their taxonomical lineage. ENc plot shows that all the genes involved in high affinity system for zinc uptake are under mutational bias except few ycdI and yceA from Listeria whereas the genes involved in low affinity zinc uptake system are under selectional bias except few yciA genes. Correspondence analysis shows that ycdH and ycdI follows similar pattern and yceA follows pattern which is opposite to both ycdH and ycdI whereas yciA and yciC follows similar pattern but yciB is different.CAI values predicts that the degree of expression of the genes for high affinity system from Bacillus and Paenibacillus to be high but from Enterococcus and Listeria to be low and expression of low affinity genes is high, except from Staphylococcus and few sub-species of Bacillus subtilis. <#LINE#> @ @ Mishra P.C., Dash A.K., and Pradhan K., Metals in Environmental segments at Hirakud of Odisha, India, ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences,1(1), 7-23 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mohammed M.B., Mohammed S.S. and Adewumi A.A.J., Assessment of Zn Bioavailability in Dumpsites of Kaduna Metropolis,Nigeria, Research Journal of Recent Sciences,1(12), 21-24, December (2012) @No $ @ @ Francis A.R., and Masilamai D.,  Removal of Zinc (II) by Non Living Biomass of Agaricus Bisporus, Research Journal of Recent Sciences1(9), 13-17, September (2012) @No $ @ @ Blencowe DK, and Morby AP Zn(II) metabolism in prokaryotes, FEMS Microbiol Rev, 27291–311, (2003) @No $ @ @ Gaballa A, and Helmann J D., Identification of a zinc-specific metalloregulatory protein, Zur, controlling zinc transport operons in Bacillus subtilis, J. Bacteriol, 180, 5815-5821, (1998) @No $ @ @ Gaballa A, and Helmann J D, A peroxide-induced zinc uptake system plays an important role in protection against oxidative stress in Bacillus subtilis,  Mol. Microbiol, 45, 997-1005, (2002) @No $ @ @ El Yacoubi B, Bonnett S, Anderson JN, Swairjo MA, Iwata-Reuyl D, and de Crécy-Lagard V, Discovery of a new prokaryotic type I GTP cyclohydrolase family, J Biol Chem,  281(49), 37586-93, (2006) @No $ @ @ http://subtiwiki.uni-goettingen.de/wiki/index.php/YciB (2013) @No $ @ @ Gaballa A, Wang T, Rick W. Ye, and Helmann J D, Functional Analysis of the Bacillus subtilis Zur Regulon, 
	\n ,  184(23), 6508–6514 (2002) @No $ @ @ Hollenstein K, Dawson RJ, and Locher K.P., Structure and mechanism of ABC transporter proteins, Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol , 17 (4), 412–8 (2007) @No $ @ @ Felsenstein J., PHYLIP: Phylogeny interference package (version 3.69) Department of Genome Sciences and Department of Biology, University of Washington, Washington, USA), 164-166 (1989) @No $ @ @ Swofford D. L., Olsen G. J., Waddell P. J. and Hillis D. M., Phylogenetic inference, In D M Hillis, C Moritz & B K Mable (Eds.), Molecular systematics, Sunderland, USA: Sinauer Associates, Inc., Publishers, 2nd edn, 407-514 (1996) @No $ @ @ Mondal S. K., Shit S. and Kundu S., A comparative computational study of the ‘rbcL’ gene in plants and in the three prokaryotic families-Archaea, cyanobacteria and proteobacteria, IJBT, 12, 58-66 (2013) @No $ @ @ Saldanha A. J., Java Treeview-extensible visualization of microarray data. BIOINFORMATICS APPLICATIONS NOTE, 20(17), 3246–3248 (2004) @No $ @ @ dKaufman L & Rousseeuw P J, Finding groups in data : An introduction to cluster analysis, (John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New Jersey, USA), (1990) @No $ @ @ Fu C, Xiong J and Miao W, Genome-wide identification and characterization of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase genes in the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila, BMC Genomics,10, 208, (2009) @No $ @ @ Meng Z, Wei L and Xia L, Analysis of synonymous codon usage in chloroplast genome of Populus alba, J for Res19, 293-297, (2008) @No $ @ @ Sharp P M and Li W H, The codon adaptation index-A measure of directional synonymous codon usage bias, and its potential applications, Nucleic Acids Res,15, 1281-1295, (1987) @No $ @ @ Kumar S, Lingaiah K, Ramachandra N.B., and Nair M V., Genetic variations among Ecologically diverse species of Anurans at the level of Genus based on ISSR Marker, International Research Journal of Biological Sciences 1(7), 11-19, November (2012) @No $ @ @ Dwivedi VD, Sharma T, Mishra S.K., and Pandey A.K., Insights to Sequence Information of Lactoylglutathione Lyase Enzyme from Different Source Organisms, International Research Journal of Biological Sciences,1(6), 38-42, October (2012) @No $ @ @ Sharma A., and Sharma P., Genetic and Phytochemical analysis of Cluster bean Cyamopsis tetragonaloba (L.) Taub) by RAPD and HPLC, Research Journal of Recent Sciences,2(2), 1-9, February (2013) @No $ @ @ Maithri S.K., Ramesh K.V., and Muntanga D, Theoretical structure prediction of TcaA from Photorhabdus luminescens and  aminopeptidase receptor from Helicoverpa armigera, Research Journal of Recent Sciences,2(2), 40-49, February (2013) @No $ @ @ Bhattacharya A, Power J.B., and Davey M. R.,  Genetic Manipulation of Gibberellin (GA) Oxidase Genes in Nicotiana sylvestris using constitutive promoter to modify Plant Architecture, Research Journal of Recent Sciences,1(5), 1-7, May (2012) @No $ @ @ Maithri S.K., Ramesh K.V., Dieudonné M, and Deshmukh S., Molecular Modeling and Docking Studies of PirB Fusion Protein from Photorhabdus Luminescens, International Research Journal of Biological Sciences,1(8), 7-18, December (2012) @No $ @ @ Kamaraj M., Jansi L., Sivaraj R., Sama K., Salam H.A. and Rajiv P., Gas Chromatographic and UV-VIS spectrometric analysis of Bisphenol-A degradation in garden soil collected from Coimbatore district,Tamil Nadu, India,  International Research Journal of Biological Sciences,1(8), 54-60, December (2012) @No $ @ @ Sharp P.M., Tuohy T.M.F. and Mosurski K.R., Codon usage in yeast: Cluster analysis clearly differentiates highly and lowly expressed genes, Nucleic Acids Res,14, 5125-5143, (1986) @No
<#LINE#>Isolation, Identification and Characterization of Curtobacterium sp. YU-SS-C-67 for phosphate Solubilization and Uranium Tolerance<#LINE#>S.@Sowmya,Rekha@P.D.,A.B.@Arun<#LINE#>102-106<#LINE#>14.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-211.pdf<#LINE#> Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya University, Deralakatte, Mangalore – 575 018, INDIA<#LINE#>15/8/2013<#LINE#>22/9/2013<#LINE#>  Management of nuclear waste particularly uranium is of great environmental concern. Bioremediation of uranium using bacteria offers a less expensive, in situ alternative to the commonly used physico-chemical techniques. Recent bioremediation studies on heavy metals have focused on bioprecipitation as metal phosphates. In this respect, the present study deals with the isolation and characterization of a phosphate solubilizing Curtobacterium sp. YU-SS-C-67 from the vicinity of a proposed uranium mining site, Gogi (Karnataka, India). Following bacterial growth in the Pikovskaya’s broth, 271.13 mgL-1of phosphate was solubilized from insoluble tri-calcium phosphate with the drop in the media pH from 6.93 to 5.8. When tested for uranium sensitivity, the bacterium showed 12.89% reduction in cell number which was significantly lower (p  0.01) compared to 33.21% reduction seen in the reference strain Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. These results indicate that the isolate Curtobacterium sp. YU-SS-C-67 having the ability to solubilize phosphate as well as tolerate the chemical toxicity of uranium can find application in bioremediation technology. Further studies are demanded on isolation of microbial communities from these environments which may harbor interesting candidates for biological based remediation of uranium and other heavy metals. <#LINE#> @ @ Wall J.D. and Krumholz L.R., Uranium reduction, Annu. Rev. Microbiol.,60,  149-166 (2006) @No $ @ @ Brugge D. and Buchner V., Health effects of uranium: new research findings, Rev. Environ. Health.,26, 231–249 (2011) @No $ @ @ Wu W.M., Carley J., Gentry T., Ginder-Vogel M.A., Fienen M., Mehlhorn T., Yan H., Caroll S., Pace M.N., Nyman J., Luo J., Gentile M.E., Fields M.W., Hickey R.F., Gu B., Watson D., Cirpka O.A., Zhou J., Fendorf S., Kitanidis P.K., Jardine P.M. and Criddle C.S., Pilot-scale in situ bioremediation of uranium in a highly contaminated aquifer. 2. Reduction of U(VI) and geochemical control of U(VI) bioavailability. Environ. Sci. Technol.,  40, 3986–3995 (2006) @No $ @ @ Rejula F.A. and Dhinakaran M., Removal of zinc (II) by non living biomass of Agaricus Bisporus, Res. J. Recent Sci., , 13-17 (2012) @No $ @ @ Gadd G.M., Metals, minerals and microbes: geomicrobiology and bioremediation, Microbiology,156, 609-643 (2010) @No $ @ @ Gavrilescu M., Pavel L. and Cretescu I., Characterization and remediation of soils contaminated with uranium, J. Hazard. Mater., 163, 475-510 (2009) @No $ @ @ Suzuki Y. and Banfield J.F., Resistance to, and accumulation of, uranium by bacteria from a uraniumcontaminated site, Geomicrobiol. J.,21, 113-121 (2004) @No $ @ @ Arey J.S., Seaman J.C. and Bertsch P.M., Immobilization of uranium in contaminated sediments by hydroxyapatite addition, Environ. Sci. Technol.,33, 337–342 (1999) @No $ @ @ Moon H.S., Komlos J. and Jaffé P.R., Uranium reoxidation in previously bioreduced sediment by dissolved oxygen and nitrate, Environ. Sci. Technol.,41, 4587–4592 (2007) @No $ @ @ Martinez R.J., Beazley M.J., Taillefert M., Arakaki A.K., Skolnick J. and Sobecky P.A., Aerobic uranium (VI) bioprecipitation by metal-resistant bacteria isolated from radionuclide-and metal-contaminated subsurface soils, Environ. Microbiol.,, 3122-3133 (2007) @No $ @ @ Hariprasad P. and Niranjana S.R., Isolation and characterization of phosphate solubilising rhizobacteria to improve plant health of tomato, Plant Soil, 316, 13-24 (2009) @No $ @ @ Madhavi V., Reddy A.V.B., Reddy K.G., Madhavi G. and Prasad T.N.V.K.V., An overview on research trends in remediation of chromium, Res. J. Recent Sci., , 71-83 (2013) @No $ @ @ Pramila S., Fulekar M.H. and Bhawana P., E-waste – a challenge for tomorrow, Res. J. Recent Sci., , 86-93 (2013) @No $ @ @ Pollmann K., Raff J., Merroun M., Fahmy K. and Selenska-Pobell S., Metal binding by bacteria from uranium mining waste piles and its technological applications, Biotech. Adv.,24, 58-68 (2006) @No $ @ @ Kumar P.G.N. and Bhat S.K., Fungal degradation of Azo dye – red 3BN and optimization of physic-chemical parameters, Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., , 17-24 (2012) @No $ @ @ Vibha B. and Neelam G., Importance of exploration of microbial biodiversity, Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., , 78-83 (2012) @No $ @ @ Pikovskaya R.I., Mobilization of phosphorus in soil in connection with vital activity of some microbial species, Microbiology,17, 362-370 (1948) @No $ @ @ Edi-Premono J., Moawad A.M. and Vlek P.L.G., Effect of phosphate solubilizing Pseudomonas putida on the growth of maize and its survival in the rhizosphere, Indones. J. Crop. Sci., 11,13–23 (1996) @No $ @ @ Chen P.S., Toribara T.Y. and Warner H., Microdetermination of phosphorous, Anal. Chem.,28,1756-1758 (1956) @No $ @ @ Tamura K., Dudley J., Nei M. and Kumar S., MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) Software Version 4.0, Mol. Biol. Evol.,24, 1596-1599 (2007) @No $ @ @ Thompson J.D., Gibson T.J., Plewniak F., Jeanmougin F. and Higgins D.G., The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: fexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools, Nucleic. Acids. Res.,25, 4876-4882 (1997) @No $ @ @ Chen Y.P., Rekha P.D., Arun A.B., Shen F.T., Lai W.A. and Young C.C., Phosphate solubilizing bacteria from subtropical soil and their tricalcium phosphate solubilizing abilities, Appl. Soil. Ecol.,34, 33-41 (2006) @No $ @ @ Chabalala S. and Chirwa E.M.N., Removal of uranium (VI) under aerobic and anaerobic conditions using an indigenous mine consortium, Miner. Eng., 23, 526-531 (2010) @No $ @ @ Martins M., Faleiro M.L., Chaves S., Tenreiro R., Santos E and Costa M.C., Anaerobic bio-removal of uranium (VI) and chromium (VI): comparison of microbial community structure, J. Hazard. Mater.,176, 1065-1072 (2010) @No $ @ @ Macaskie L.E., Bonthrone K.M. and Rouch D.A., Phosphatase-mediated heavy metal accumulation by a Citrobacter sp. and related enterobacteria, FEMS Microbiol. Lett.,121,141-146 (1994) @No 
@Mini Review Paper
<#LINE#>An Overview of Badranjboya (Melissa officinalis)<#LINE#>SadiyaNoorul@Basar,Zaman@Roohi<#LINE#>107-109<#LINE#>15.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-166.pdf<#LINE#> Dept. of Ilmul Saidla, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, Karnataka, INDIA<#LINE#>22/7/2013<#LINE#>25/8/2013<#LINE#>Melissa officinalis L., is a is a perennial plant, which belongs to the family labiatae .It is basically cultivated in Mediterranean region and native to Europe, Northern Africa and West asia.  It is  called lemon balm, bee balm, melissa, sweet balm . It has a lemony flavor and fragrance. Traditionally this herb was used for longevity, healing wound, relaxing the heart, treating tooth ache, Nowadays it is used in anxiety, mild depression, restlessness, irritability, indigestion, acidity, nausea, bloating and colicky pains, and cold sores. It is also called as a hormonal herb due to its antithyroid activity. <#LINE#> @ @ Chevallier A., Encyclopedia of medicinal plants,th edt. New York. 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