@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Diversity of endophilic mosquitoes in three local government areas of Kano State, Northwest Nigeria<#LINE#>Abdullahi @J.M.,Dogara @M.M.,Abdulazeez @K.A.,Babalola @J.B. <#LINE#>1-8<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJBS-2026-001.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Federal University Dutse, P.M.B. 7156, Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria@Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Federal University Dutse, P.M.B. 7156, Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria@Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Federal University Dutse, P.M.B. 7156, Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria@Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Federal University Dutse, P.M.B. 7156, Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria<#LINE#>17/1/2026<#LINE#>24/2/2026<#LINE#>Nigeria hosts a high diversity of mosquito species, with over 100 recorded, primarily form genera like Anopheles, Culex, Aedes and Mansonia. Kano State urban-rural mix supports diverse mosquito habitats such as stagnant water, irrigation canals, urban puddles and open drainages. This study assess the diversity of endophilic mosquito species in some rural, semi-urban and urban areas of Kano State, including Babban Gura in Makoda Local Government Area (LGA), Unguwar Fulani in Wudil LGA, and Darmanawa in Tarauni LGA respectively. Mosquitoes were collected using the Pyrethrum spray collection method once in a month from each site over twelve-month period, from August 2023 to July 2024. The collected mosquitoes were identified morphologically using reported taxonomic guides. Density, species richness, Shannon’s index, and Simpson’s index were employed to evaluate the diversity of the identified mosquitoes.  A total of 2,521 mosquitoes were collected, representing 21 species across 6 genera. The highest number of mosquito species was collected from Darmanawa, followed by Unguwar Fulani. Culexpipiens was a frequently species while Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles gambiae were common species. Endophilic mosquitoes exhibited greater diversity in May, June, and January particularly in Babban Gura during the dry season. However, highest species richness was recorded in January while no species richness was recorded in September, November and June. The high diversity indices of Shannon and Simpson recorded in the study pointed out that most of the species were represented and randomly sampled.<#LINE#>World Health Organization (2019).@Global vector control response 2017-2030.@Geneva: World Health Organization.@No$Romanelli, C., Cooper, D., Campbell-Lendrum, D., Maiero, M., Karesh, W. B., Hunter, D., & Golden, C. D. (2015).@Connecting global priorities: biodiversity and human health: a state of knowledge review.@World Health Organistion/Secretariat of the UN Convention on Biological Diversity.@Yes$Koenraadt, C.J., Githeko, A. and Takken, W. 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(2013).@Temporal distribution of and habitat diversification by some mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) species in Benin City, Nigeria.@Journal of Entomology, 10(1), 13-23.@Yes$Stresman, G.H. (2010).@Beyond temperature and precipitation: Ecological risk factors	that modify malaria transmission.@Acta Tropica, 116, 167-172.@Yes$Beck-Johnson, L. M., Nelson, W. A., Paaijmans, K. P., Read, A. F., Thomas, M. B., & Bjørnstad, O. N. (2017).@The importance of temperature fluctuations in understanding mosquito population dynamics and malaria risk.@Royal Society open science, 4(3).@Yes$Service, M.W. (2008).@Medical Entomology for Students Mosquitoes (Culicidae).@Liverpool Science of Tropical Medicine 4th Edition. Pp 16.@No$Duque, C., Lubinda, M., Matoba, J., Sing’anga, C., Stevenson, J., Shields, T. and Shiff, C.J. (2022).@Impact of aerial humidity on seasonal malaria: an ecologicalstudy in Zambia.@Malaria Journal, 21, 325.@Yes$Denlinger, D.L. and Armbruster, P.A. (2014).@Mosquito diapauses@. Annual Review Entomology, 59, 73-93.@Yes$Huestis, D. L., Artis, M. L., Armbruster, P. A., & Lehmann, T. (2017).@Photoperiodic responses of Sahelian malaria mosquitoes Anopheles coluzzii and An. arabiensis.@Parasites & Vectors, 10(1), 621.@Yes$Stresman, G., Kobayashi, T., Kamanga, A., Thuma, P., Mharakurwa, S., Moss, W. and Shiff, C. (2012).@Malaria research challenges in low prevalence settings.@Malaria Journal, 11, 353.@Yes$Irikannu, K.C., Onyido, A.E., Ogaraku, J.C., Umeanaeto, P.U., Nzeukwu, C.I., Obiefule I.E., Aniefuna, C.O., Elosiuba, N.V. and Onwuachusi, G.L. (2023).@Seasonal distribution and diversity of Mosquito species in a rainforest community of Southeast Nigeria.@The Bioscientist Journal, 11(1), 71-80.@Yes$Kawada, H., Gabriel, D.O., Sonye, G., Njenga, S.M., Minakawa, N. and Takagi, M.	(2021).@Indoor resting places of the major malaria vectors in western Kenya.@Japanese Journal of Environmental Entomology and Zoology, 32(2), 47－52.@Yes$Lindsay, S. W., Jawara, M., Mwesigwa, J., Achan, J., Bayoh, N., Bradley, J., ... & D’Alessandro, U. (2019).@Reduced mosquito survival in metal-roof houses may contribute to a decline in malaria transmission in sub-Saharan Africa.@Scientific reports, 9(1), 7770.@Yes$Mohammed, M.U., Abdulhamid, A., Badamasi, M.M. and Ahmed, M. (2015).@Rainfall Dynamics and Climate Change in Kano, Nigeria.@Journal of	Scientific Research and Reports, 7(5), 386-395.@Yes$Anonymous (2021).@Brief on Kano State of Nigeria.@Retrieved November 11, 2024.@No$Aliyu, M.A., Maharazu, A.Y., Suleiman, K. and Lawan, B.Y. (2021).@Biophysical	mapping and land use attributes of Kano ecosystems, North-Western Nigeria.@Bayero journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 14(2), 115-124.@Yes$Visa, T.I., Olufemi, A., Eniola, B., Oluwapo, A.I. and Patrick, N. (2020).@Evaluation of malaria surveillance system in Kano State, Nigeria.@2013–2016. Infectious Diseases of Poverty, 9, 15.@Yes$Diva-GIS modified at the Department of Geography (2003).@Aliko Dangote University of Science and Technology, Wudil.@September 7, 2023.@Yes$Kano State Gazette (2015).@Kano State Local Government Harmonized Rate and Levies (Amendment) Law 2015 (1436AH).@47(3).@No$Latitude to (2023).@Find GPS coordinates for any address or location.@@Yes$Visit Kano (2023).@Visitor guide.@Retrieved June 23, 2023, from https://visitkano.com/local governments/@No$Williams, J. and Pinto, J. (2012).@Training manual on malaria entomology for entomology and vector control Technicians (Basic level).@Produced for United States Agency for International Development. p38-39.@Yes$Harbison, J.E., Mathenge, E.M., Misiani, G.O., Mukabana, W.R. and Day, J.F. (2006).@A simple method for sampling indoor-resting malaria mosquitoes Anophelesgambiae and Anopheles funestus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Africa.@Journal of Medical Entomology, 43(3), 473-479.@Yes$Becker, N., Petric, D., Zgomba, M., Boase, C., Madon, M., Dahl, C., & Kaiser, A. (2010).@Mosquitoes and their control.@Springer Science & Business Media.@Yes$Ramberg, F. (2017).@Identification Guide to the Common Mosquito Species in Arizona.@Retrieved February 10, 2023, from frank-ramberg-identification-guide-common-mosquito-species.pdf.@No$Pecor, D. (2023).@Identification Guide to the Medically Important Mosquito Species of EUCOM Bionomics Diagnostic Morphological Characters Medical Importance Distribution.@Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Version 1.0. Retrieved February 10, 2023, from https://www.wrbu.si.edu.@No$Coetzee, M. (2020).@Key to the females of Afrotropical Anopheles mosquitoe (Diptera: Culicidae).@Malaria Journal, 19, 70.@Yes$World Health Organization (2020).@Pictorial identification key of important disease vectors in the World Health Organization (WHO) South-East Asia Region.@Regional office for South-East Asia. Retrieved February 10, 2023, from https//apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/332202.@No$Dziêczkowski, A. (1972).@Quantitative researches of the beech malacofauna in south-west of Poland.@Prace Komisji Biologicznej PTPN, vol. 35, pp. 243-332.@No$Banaszak J. and Wi. Niewski H. (1999).@Foundation of ecology.@Bydgoszcz: WSP publishing.@No$Bashar, K., Rahman, Md.S., Nodi, I.J. and Howlader, A.J. (2016).@Species composition and habitat characterization of mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae in semi-urban areas of Dhaka, Bangladesh.@Pathogens and Global Health, 110 (2): 48-60.@Yes$Adler, S., Hübener, T., Dreßler, M., Lotter, A.F. and Anderson, N.J. (2010).@A comparison of relative abundance versus class data in diatom-based quantitative reconstructions.@Journal of Environmental Management, 91, 1380-1388.@Yes$Oguoma, V.M. and Ikpeze, O.O. (2008).@Species composition and abundance of mosquitoes of a tropical irrigation ecosystem.@Animal Research International, 5(2), 866-871.@Yes$Yayock, H.C., Osageide, N.O., Bitrus, S., Gimba, H.S. and Shehu R. (2021).@Survey of mosquito species, composition and breeding habitats in four communities of Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria.@FUDMA Journal of Sciences, 5(3), 122-129.@Yes$Attaullah, M., Gula, S., Bibia, D., Andaleeba, A., Ilahia, I., Sirajb, M., Ahmada, M., Ullaha, I., Alia, M., Ahmada, S. and Ullah, Z. (2023).@Diversity, distribution and relative abundance of the mosquito fauna (Diptera: Culicidae) of Malakand and Dir Lower, Pakistan.@Brazilian Journal of Biology, 83, e247374.@Yes$McKinney, M.L. (2006).@Urbanization as a major cause of biotic homogenization.@Biological Conservation, 127(3),  247–260.@Yes$Panda, D., Pandit, R.S., Sahu, B., Kamaraju, R. and Barik, T.K. (2024).@Understanding Mosquito Faunal Diversity: An Approach to Assess the Burden of Vector-Borne Diseases in Three Representative Topographies (Rural, Urban, and Peri-Urban) of Ganjam District in Odisha State, India.@Journal of Tropical Medicine.@Yes$Fagbohun, I.K., Idowu, E.T., Taiwo Samson Awolola, T.S. and Otubanjoa, O.A. (2020).@Seasonal abundance and larval habitats characterization of mosquito species in LagosState, Nigeria.@Scientific African, 10,e00656.@Yes$Lapang, P.M., Ombugadu, A., Ishaya, M., Mafuyai, M.J., Njila, H.L., Nkup, C.D. and Mwansat G.S. (2019)@Abundance and Diversity of Mosquito Species Larvae in Shendam LGA, Plateau State, North-Central Nigeria: A Panacea for Vector Control Strategy.@Journal of Zoological Research, 3(3), 25-33.@Yes
<#LINE#>Status and threat assessment of Viral Diseases in Momordica charantia (L.) cultivation in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India<#LINE#>Divya@.,Deepa @Srivastava <#LINE#>9-13<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJBS-2026-003.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Botany, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India@Department of Botany, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India<#LINE#>27/1/2026<#LINE#>18/2/2026<#LINE#>Momordicacharantia (L.) known commonly as bitter gourd or karela is an important nutrient and medicinal cucurbit growing widely in cultures of Eastern Uttar Pradesh. In recent years this crop is becoming more and more susceptible to viral diseases which cause severe yield losses and crop deterioration. The present study was undertaken to assess status and emerging threats of viral infections in bitter gourd in major cultivation zones of Eastern UP through survey carried out in different parts of Gorakhpur (Rajahi, Kauriram), Kushinagar (Duduhi, Padrauna) and Varanasi (Kashi, Jakhini). Surveys were conducted in month of February (winter), June (summer) and November–December (northeast monsoon) in six fields. Major symptomatology included yellowing, mottling, distortion, curling, small size of leaves, vein thickening and vein clearing. The disease incidence ranges from 30–40% and 500–1200 symptom bearing plants per acre. Very high population of vector (Bemisiatabaci and Myzuspersicae) have been recorded. Though molecular diagnosis (PCR/ELISA/EM) has not been carried out, symptomatology and vectorial presence indicated the possibility of infections of Begomoviruses, Potyviruses and Cucumoviruses in bitter gourd as reported in India and abroad. Comparing with earlier reports like Karnataka survey, similar disease pattern has been observed which implies increasing regional importance of viral diseases in M. charantiain need of Molecular characterization, vector surveillance and integrated viral disease management in Eastern Uttar Pradesh.<#LINE#>Saad, D. Y., Soliman, M. M., Baiomy, A. A., Yassin, M. H., & El-Sawy, H. B. (2017).@Effects of Karela (bitter melon; Momordicacharantia) on genes of lipids and carbohydrates metabolism in experimental hypercholesterolemia: Biochemical, molecular and histopathological study.@BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 17, Article 319.@Yes$Shubha AS, Devaraju, Sharavati MB, Srinivasa V, Kantharaj Y, Ravi CS, Angadi A, Yallesh Kumar HS and Ahmed S. (2018).@Medicinal and nutritional importance of bitter melon (Momordicacharantia L.): A review article.@Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. SP3:297–300.@Yes$Nama CP, Lal J, Ranawat JS and Meena RK (2016).@Diseases of cucurbits and their management.@Marumegh, 1(2), 8–15.@Yes$Erayya, Sarkhel, S., Managanvi, K., Kumar, S., &Alipatra, A. (2023).@Emerging diseases of vegetables due to changing climate.@In Advances in research on vegetable production under a changing climate (Vol. 2, pp. 323–340).@Yes$Pradeep, R. K. M., Jeyaraj, G., & Krishnan, N. (2026).@Unveiling the diversity of begomoviruses infecting weed hosts in vegetable ecosystems.@Indian Phytopathology.@Yes$Rajinimala N, Rabindran R and Ramaiah M. (2009).@Detection of Bittergourd yellow mosaic virus (BGYMV) in bitter gourd through  Triple Antibody Sandwitch (TAS) ELISA and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).@Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection. 42(8), 804–814.@Yes$Tiwari AK, Sharma P, Khan S, Snehi SK, Raj SK and Rao GP. (2010).@Molecular detection and identification of Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus isolate causing yellow mosaic disease in bitter gourd.@Medicinal Plants, 2(2), 117–123.@Yes$Balsak, S. C. (2025).@Investigation of virus and viroid diseases in cucurbits.@YüzüncüYıl Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, Yuzuncu Yil University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 35(2).@Yes$Kumar, S., Srivastava, A., Kumari, A., & Raj, R. (2017).@Begomovirus disease management measures, now and then.@In Begomoviruses, Occurrence and management in Asia and Africa (pp. 71–92).@Yes$Varma, A., & Malathi, V. G. (2003).@Emerging geminivirus problems: A serious threat to crop production.@Annals of Applied Biology, 142(2), 145–164.@Yes$Etim D. O. and Okon N. I. (2021).@Molecular characterization of virus infecting Momordicacharantia Linn and application of Trichodermaviride as biocontrol agent. Annual Research & Review in Biology, 36(12), 51–58.@undefined@Yes$Naik SO, Kannan GS, Venkataravanappa V and Chakravarthy AK (2019).@Incidence of whiteflies and viral diseases of bitter gourd in Southern Karnataka.@International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 8(5), 927–937.@Yes
<#LINE#>Biotic Threats in Centella asiatica (L.) Urban and its Impact on Pharmacological Potential<#LINE#>Khagesh @Singh,Deepa @Srivastava <#LINE#>14-18<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJBS-2026-004.pdf<#LINE#>Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, UP, India@Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, UP, India<#LINE#>28/1/2026<#LINE#>14/2/2026<#LINE#>Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, widely known as gotu kola or Asiatic pennywort, is a small yet highly valued medicinal herb of the family Apiaceae. Native to the India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, Southeast Asia, China, and some tropical islands. The plant is enriched with diverse bioactive constituents, particularly triterpenoid saponins—including asiaticoside, asiatic acid, madecassoside, and madecassic acid—along with flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins, alkaloids, volatile oils, and essential minerals. Traditionally recognized as a “brain tonic,” it is now supported by modern research for its neuroprotective, anxiolytic, and memory-enhancing properties. Additionally, its extracts promote microcirculation and strengthen the vasculature, making it beneficial for chronic venous insufficiency, varicose veins, and related disorders. Its antimicrobial, anti-ulcer, anti-stress, and mild sedative properties further support its application in gastrointestinal disturbances, fatigue, epilepsy, and general wellness. However, several biotic stresses, like fungal, bacterial, and viral pathogens, cause leaf spots, wilt, blight, mosaic symptoms, and tissue deterioration. Insect infestation further exacerbates yield losses and compromises phytochemical quality.  In this study, we have done preliminary anatomical observations of infected versus healthy tissues, revealing significant discoloration, blackened lesions, and stomatal abnormalities, indicating pathogen-induced structural damage. These biotic constraints are crucial for developing integrated disease management strategies and ensuring the sustainable cultivation and pharmaceutical quality of Centella asiatica.<#LINE#>Dewi, R. L., &Yuniati, R. (2025).@Utiliization of Natural Compound from Pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.) and Their Potential Role in the Health Sector.@Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(4), 94-103.DOI: 10.29303/jppipa.v11i4.10558@Yes$Lepcha, I., Patra, B., & Saha, D. (2023).@Medicinal Plants in Ayurveda and Unani systems including Siddha in the Indian scenario.@Bilaspur: Shashwat Publication.@Yes$Yadav, P. (2025).@An Analytical Study on the Methodical Scrutiny of Ayurveda@Journal of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology (JIMP), 2(01), 48-61.DOI: https://doi.org/10.61920/jimp.v2i01.39@Yes$Hein, Z. M., Gopalakrishna, P. K., Kanuri, A. K., Thomas, W., Hussan, F., Naik, V. R., ... &Vishnumukkala, T. (2025).@Centella asiatica: advances in extraction technologies, phytochemistry, and therapeutic applications.@Life, 15(7), 1081. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/life15071081@Yes$James, J. T., & Dubery, I. A. (2009).@Pentacyclic triterpenoids from the medicinal herb, Centella asiatica (L.) Urban.@Molecules, 14(10), 3922-3941. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules14103922@Yes$Bandopadhyay, S., Mandal, S., Ghorai, M., Jha, N. K., Kumar, M., Radha, N., ... &Dey, A. (2023). Therapeutic properties and pharmacological activities of asiaticoside and madecassoside: A review. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine, 27(5), 593-608. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.17635@undefined@undefined@Yes$Sabaragamuwa, R., &Perera, C. O. (2023).@Total triterpenes, polyphenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity of bioactive phytochemicals of Centella asiatica by different extraction techniques.@Foods, 12(21), 3972. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12213972@Yes$Pepsi, A., Ben, C. P., &Jeeva, S. (2012).@Phytochemical analysis of four traditionally important aquatic species.@International Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(5), 66-69.@Yes$Subash, P., Kumar, K. S., Rao, K. S., &Khute, S. (2025).@Advanced Chromatography Analytical Methods for the Isolation and Identification of Natural Drug Molecules.@In Advances in Analytical and Coordination Chemistry-Applications and Innovations. IntechOpen.DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.1007501@Yes$Wang, Y., Huang, D., Luo, J., Yao, S., Chen, J., Li, L., ... & Liu, J. (2025).@The chromosome-level genome of Centella asiatica provides insights into triterpenoid biosynthesis.@Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 222, 109710.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109710@Yes$Zhang, Y., Wei, H., Chen, X., Lei, R., Yin, C., Huang, Y., ... & Gou, J. (2025).@CaOSC5-CaOSC7 module governs metabolic partitioning between asiaticoside and asiaticoside B in Centella asiatica.@Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 110411. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110411@Yes$Han, X., Zhao, J., Zhou, H., Zhou, X., Deng, Z., Liu, Z., & Yu, Y. (2024).@The biosynthesis of asiaticoside and madecassoside reveals tandem duplication–directed evolution of glycoside glycosyltransferases in the Apiales.@Plant Communications, 5(10).@Yes$Bellavite, P. (2023).@Neuroprotective potentials of flavonoids: Experimental studies and mechanisms of action.@Antioxidants, 12(2), 280. DOI:@Yes$Lim, J., Lee, H., Hong, S., Lee, J., & Kim, Y. (2024).@Comparison of the antioxidant potency of four triterpenes of Centella asiatica against oxidative stress.@Antioxidants, 13(4), 483. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13040483@Yes$Chen, H., Hua, X. M., Ze, B. C., Wang, B., & Wei, L. (2017).@The anti-inflammatory effects of asiatic acid in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human corneal epithelial cells.@International journal of ophthalmology, 10(2), 179. DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2017.02.01@Yes$Chauhan, P. K., & Singh, V. (2012).@Acute and subacute toxicity study of the acetone leaf extract of Centella asiatica in experimental animal models.@Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2(2), S511-S513. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60263-9@Yes$Akter, P., Khatun, S., Bhowmik, D., Neela, F. A., &Alam, N. (2022).@Vegetative Growth and Molecular Identification of Fusariumequiseti Isolated from Wilt Disease of Centella asiaticaL.@in Bangladesh. Am. J. Plant Sci., 13(02), 294-305.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2022.132018@Yes$CHOWDHURY, D., Dasgupta, B., & PAUL, P. C. (2015).@Studies on Leaf Spot of Thankuni (Centrella asiatica) caused by Alternaria sp. J. Mycopathol. Res, 53(1), 65-70.@@Yes$Mondal, B., &Khatua, D. C. (2015).@White rot of Centella asiatica and two weeds in West Bengal, India.@Journal Crop and Weed, 11(1), 225-226.@Yes$Le Thanh, T., Huy, H. N., Papathoti, N. K., &Buensanteai, N. (2020).@A new record of Pseudomonas marginalis causing bacterial blight disease in centella asiatica (L.) urban in Vietnam.@Int. J. Agric. Environ. Biores., 50, 224-236.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.35410/IJAEB.2020.5541@Yes$Rakotoniriana, E. F., Rafamantanana, M., Randriamampionona, D., Rabemanantsoa, C., Urveg-Ratsimamanga, S., El Jaziri, M., ... &Declerck, S. (2013).@Study in vitro of the impact of endophytic bacteria isolated from Centella asiatica on the disease incidence caused by the hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichumhigginsianum.@Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek, 103(1), 121-133.@Yes$Rakotoniriana, E. F., Munaut, F., Decock, C., Randriamampionona, D., Andriambololoniaina, M., Rakotomalala, T., ... &Corbisier, A. M. (2008).@Endophytic fungi from leaves of Centella asiatica: occurrence and potential interactions within leaves.@Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 93(1), 27-36.@Yes$Shankar, S., &Sathiavelu, M. (2024).@Paradendryphiellaarenariae an endophytic fungus of Centella asiatica inhibits the bacterial pathogens of fish and shellfish.@Frontiers in Microbiology, 15, 1441525. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1441525@Yes$Mandal, S., Das, T., Nandy, S., Ghorai, M., Saha, S. C., Gopalakrishnan, A. V., ... &Dey, A. (2023).@Biotechnological and endophytic-mediated production of centellosides in Centella asiatica.@Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 107(2), 473-489.@Yes
<#LINE#>Antioxidant retention and enhanced activity in the flowering stage of cultivated Cuscuta reflexa Roxb.: a Sustainable alternative to wild harvesting<#LINE#>Vandana @Mishra <#LINE#>19-27<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJBS-2026-008.pdf<#LINE#>Dept. of Life-Science, Shri Shankaracharya Professional University, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India<#LINE#>10/3/2026<#LINE#>15/4/2026<#LINE#>Cuscuta reflexa Roxb., a parasitic medicinal plant valued for its antioxidant and therapeutic potential, is conventionally collected from wild sources, raising concerns about sustainability and habitat disturbance. This study aims to identify suitable host for the parasitic plant species understudy and to evaluate whether cultivated plant retains comparable antioxidant properties to its wild counterpart as well as to explore stage-specific antioxidant variations, particularly between young and flowering stages. Host screening was done under controlled greenhouse conditions and partially in field environments to simulate natural parasitic growth and to identify host species that support biomass yield of C. reflexa without significantly compromising the host's vitality. On the basis of results, Calotropis procera was selected as the most suitable host for sustainable cultivation, which is supported by several research-backed factors. Sustainably cultivated samples were used to prepare plant extracts in methanol both at pre flowering and flowering stages of their life cycle and referred to as 001 and 002 respectively. The % recovery of the extracts were found to be 24.9% (for 001) 29.4% (for 002). The extracts were subjected to antioxidant assays using DPPH radical scavenging methods, with ascorbic acid as a standard reference. The IC50 values for Ascorbic acid, 001 and 001 extracts were 15.37, 460 and 257µg/ml (under different concentrations). The results revealed that the antioxidant activity of cultivated samples closely paralleled that of wild specimens; studied earlier. It indicated that sustainable cultivation does not compromise phytochemical integrity. Moreover, flowering-stage materials demonstrated significantly higher antioxidant values in cultivated groups.<#LINE#>Gao, J. M., Li, R., Zhang, L., Jia, L. L., Ying, X. X., Dou, D. Q., ... & Li, H. B. (2013).@Cuscuta chinensis seeds water extraction protecting murine osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells against tertiary butyl hydroperoxide induced injury.@Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 148(2), 587-595.@Yes$Kantawong, F., Sadeeyamoo, S., Wongsit, P., Tungjai, M., Wanachantararak, P., Udomsom, S., ... & Sathirachinda, A. (2022).@Protective and osteogenic effects of crude water extract from Cuscuta japonica Choisy at gene expression level in human gingival cells.@@Yes$Nadeem, M., Mumtaz, M. W., Danish, M., Rashid, U., Mukhtar, H., Irfan, A., ... & Saari, N. 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(2020).@UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS metabolites profiling and antioxidant/antidiabetic attributes of Cuscuta reflexa grown on Casearia tomentosa: exploring phytochemicals role via molecular docking.@International Journal of Food Properties, 23(1), 918-940.@Yes$Tripathy, S. R., Pradhan, N. S., & Das, S. (2024).@Antioxidant, urobactericidal, and antibiotic modulating activity of a parasitic medicinal plant: Cuscuta reflexa Roxb.@@Yes$Tanruean, K., Kaewnarin, K., Suwannarach, N., & Lumyong, S. (2017).@Comparative evaluation of phytochemicals, and antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of Cuscuta reflexa grown on different hosts in northern Thailand.@Natural Product Communications, 12(1), 1934578X1701200114.@Yes$Elasbali, A. M., Al-Soud, W. A., Mousa Elayyan, A. E., Alhassan, H. H., Danciu, C., Elfaki, E. M., ... & Adnan, M. 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