@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Therapeutic monitoring and adverse effects of immunosuppressants in kidney transplant patients: a prospective immunoassay study at Batna University Hospital (Algeria)<#LINE#>Boudjemaa @Soumaya,Nadji @Said,Rajai @Chahrazed,Benaldjia @Hannen,Alamir @Berkahoum <#LINE#>1-7<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJBS-2025-024.pdf<#LINE#>University Hospital Centre, Batna, Algeria and Medical faculty, University of Batna, Algeria@University Hospital Centre, Constantine, Algeria@University Hospital Centre, Batna, Algeria@University Hospital Centre, Batna, Algeria and Medical faculty, University of Batna, Algeria@National Toxicology Centre, Algeirs, Algeria<#LINE#>9/11/2025<#LINE#>25/12/2025<#LINE#>The preferred course of treatment for end-stage renal failure is kidney transplantation, but its success depends on efficient and balanced immunosuppression. When taken with mycophenolate mofetil, calcineurin inhibitors (tacrolimus, ciclosporin) show significant pharmacokinetic variability and a high risk of toxicity, necessitating careful therapeutic monitoring. This study aims to assess plasma concentrations and side effects related to these compounds' use in kidney transplant recipients. A prospective, descriptive study was realised at the Benflis Touhami University Hospital in Batna (Algeria) between March 2014 and December 2019. It included 246 patients who had received renal transplantation from living donors ; 210 on tacrolimus and 36 on cyclosporine, all receiving mycopenolic acid (MMF) and corticosteroids, the residual (C₀) and post-dose (C₂) concentrations were mesured by electrochemiluminescence. Kidney function and side effects were assessed over a 12-month period. In patients treated with tacrolimus, mean concentrations decreased from 11.8 ng/mL at the beginning of the transplantto 8.5 ng/mL at the end of the first year after transplantation, with stable renal function. In patients treated with cyclosporine, a gradual increase in creatinine and a decrease in glomerular filtration rate were observed. Adverse skin effects (particularly acne) were significantly more frequent with cyclosporine (36.1%, p < 0.001), while neurological disorders (tremors 15.5%) predominated with tacrolimus. Strong correlations were found between plasma concentrations and renal function parameters, particularly for cyclosporine (r = 0.859 between C₀ and creatinine at 12 months). Therapeutic monitoring using immunological methods is a reliable and effective tool for the individualised monitoring of immunosuppressants in renal transplant patients. Tacrolimus has a better renal tolerance profile, while cyclosporine is more often associated with skin effects. These results highlight the importance of personalised pharmacological monitoring in order to optimise post-transplant care.<#LINE#>Collins, A., Foley, R., Chavers, B., Gilbertson, D., Herzog, C., Johansen, K., ... & Agodoa, L. (2014).@US Renal Data System 2013 annual data report.@American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 63(1), E1-E460.@Yes$Alechinsky-Yildiz, L., Colin, P., Couapel, J. P., De Saint-Aubert, N., Drouin, S., Droupy, S. (2018).@Urologie: Réussir les ECNi. Elsevier Health Sciences.@@Yes$Jha, V., Garcia-Garcia, G., Iseki, K., Li, Z., Naicker, S., Plattner, B., Yang, C. W. (2013).@Chronic kidney disease: global dimension and perspectives.@The lancet, 382(9888), 260-272.@Yes$Rekhif, Y. (2021).@Organ donation in Algeria: limitations and prospects.@Pan African Medical Journal, 39(1).@No$Atik, A., Tehir, M., Khemri, D., Bougroura, A., Ramdani, B., Bayahia, R. Benziane, A. (2017).@Kidney transplantation in the Maghreb: current situation and prospects.@Néphrologie & Thérapeutique, 13(5), 291.@Yes$Jurewicz, W. A. (2003).@Tacrolimus versus ciclosporin immunosuppression: long‐term outcome in renal transplantation.@Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 18(suppl_1), i7-i11.@Yes$Ashraf, H., Solla, P., & Sechi, L. A. (2022).@Current advancement of immunomodulatory drugs as potential pharmacotherapies for autoimmunity based neurological diseases.@Pharmaceuticals, 15(9), 1077.@No$Rodrigo, E., San Segundo, D., Fernández-Fresnedo, G., López-Hoyos, M., Benito, A., Ruiz, J. C.Arias, M. (2016).@Within-patient variability in tacrolimus blood levels predicts kidney graft loss and donor-specific antibody development.@Transplantation, 100(11), 2479-2485.@Yes$Colombo, M. D., Perego, R., & Bellia, G. (2013).@Cyclosporine associated of nephrotoxicity.@Open Journal of Nephrology, 3(03), 168.@Yes$Lier, F., Piguet, V., Stoller, R., Desmeules, J., & Dayer, P. (2002).@Therapeutics — neurotoxicity of calcineurin inhibitors and analogues.@ French Journal of Internal Medicine (Médecine et Hygiène), 60(2387), 744–747.@No$Bencini, P. L., Tarantino, A., Grimalt, R., Ponticellp, C., & Caputo, R. (1995).@Porokeratosis and immunosuppression.@British Journal of Dermatology, 132(1), 74-78.@No$Djoudad, E., Bendifallah, B., Meknassi, D., Boudani, S., Meddahi, M., & Zerdoumi, F. (2021).@Post-renal transplantation diabetes: A retrospective study.@Nephrology & Therapeutics, 17(5), 393.@No$Elouaer, Y., Mars, M., Kammoun, K., Troudi, R., Chaker, H., Chaabouni, Y., … Hmida, M. B. (2018).@Overview of kidney transplantation at CHU Hédi Chaker Sfax: A report of 414 cases.@Nephrology & Therapeutics, 14(5), 428.@Yes$Heisel, O., Heisel, R., Balshaw, R., & Keown, P. (2004).@New onset diabetes mellitus in patients receiving calcineurin inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.@American Journal of Transplantation, 4(4), 583-595.@Yes$Mudge, D. W., Atcheson, B. A., Taylor, P. J., Pillans, P. I., & Johnson, D. W. (2004).@Severe toxicity associated with a markedly elevated mycophenolic acid free fraction in a renal transplant recipient.@Therapeutic drug monitoring, 26(4), 453-455.@Yes$Johnston, A., & Holt, D. W. (1999).@Therapeutic drug monitoring of immunosuppressant drugs.@British journal of clinical pharmacology, 47(4), 339.@Yes$Vogeser, M., Shipkova, M., Rigo-Bonnin, R., Wallemacq, P., Orth, M., Widmann, M., & Verstraete, A. G. (2014).@Multicenter analytical of automated electrochemiluminescent cyclosporine assay.@Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, 36(5), 640–650.@Yes$Fung, A. W., Knauer, M. J., Blasutig, I. M., Colantonio, D. A., & Kulasingam, V. (2017).@Evaluation of electrochemiluminescence immunoassays for immunosuppressive drugs on the Roche cobas e411 analyzer.@F1000Research, 6, 1832.@No$Zannad, B., Fatma, L. B., Belkhiria, M., Rafrafi, N., Khedher, R., Jebali, H., Moussa, F. B. (2014).@Overview of renal transplantat at Rabta University Hospital.@Nephrology & Therapeutics, 10(5), 408-409.@No$Yahiaoui, N. (2011).@Therapeutic monitoring of tacrolimus during the three months following transplantation: retrospective study of the 2010 and 2011 renal allograft cohort at Grenoble University Hospital.@@Yes$Zahid, S., Elkhayat, S., Serghini, H., Baba, A., Medkouri, G., Chkairi, N., Ramdani, B. (2021).@De novo diabetes after kidney transplantation: risk factors.@Revue Marocaine de Néphrologie, 1(2), 128-133.@Yes$Raoundi, O., Flayou, K., En, N. F., Shimi, N., Ouzeddoune, N., Benamar, L., ... & Rhou, H. (2015).@Kidney transplantation from living donors: experience of one centre.@Nephrology & Therapeutics, 11(5), 416.@No$Laftavi, M. R., Alnimri, M., Weber-Shrikant, E., Kohli, R., Said, M., Patel, S., & Pankewycz, O. (2011).@Low-dose rabbit antithymocyte globulin versus basiliximab induction therapy in low-risk renal transplant recipients: 8-year follow-up.@In Transplantation proceedings, 43(2), 458-461. Elsevier.@No$Fantini, M. C., Becker, C., Kiesslich, R., & Neurath, M. F. (2006).@Novel small molecules and drugs for immunosuppression.@Nature Clinical Practice Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 3(11), 633-644.@Yes
<#LINE#>A primary checklist of the butterflies of Pawalgarh conservation reserve, Ramnagar, Nainital, India<#LINE#>Bharati@.,Rajkumar @Singh,Shankar @Kumar <#LINE#>8-16<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJBS-2025-026.pdf<#LINE#>Research Scholar, SSJDWSSS GPGC, Ranikhet, Almora, India@Professor, Lal Bhadur Shastri GPGC, Halduchaur, Nainital, India@Research Scholar, SSJDWSSS GPGC, Ranikhet, Almora, India<#LINE#>30/11/2025<#LINE#>24/12/2025<#LINE#>The diversity of Butterflies in Pawalgarh Conservation Reserve (henceforth PCR), Ramnagar, Uttarakhand, India was studied with periodically filed exploration from April 2022 to August 2025. Nearly 93 butterfly species were recorded from 6 families in the PCR. The number of species recorded from the family Nymphalidae (48.38%) with highest followed by Lycaenidae (23.65%), Pieridae (15.05%), Hesperidae (10.75%), Papilionidae (8.60%) and least number of population was recorded from Riodinidae (2.15%).<#LINE#>Kumar, S., Singh, R. S., & Singh, P. (2020).@New records of one-spot grass yellow Eurema andersonii Moore (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) and common shot silverline Spindasis ictis Hewitson (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from Kumaon region of Uttarakhand, India.@Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 8(4), 536-539.@Yes$Singh, A. P. (2003).@New records on the distribution and ecology of common gem butterfly, Poritia hewitsoni hewitsoni Moore from the lower Western Himalayas: a lesser known taxa.@Journal-Lepidopterists Society, 57(4), 295-298.@Yes$Doherty, W. (1886).@A list of butterflies taken in Kumaon.@Journal of the asiatic Society of Bengal, 55(Part II), 103-140.@Yes$Evans, W. H. (1932).@The identification of Indian butterflies. (No Title).@@Yes$Hannyngton, F. (1910).@The butterflies of Kumaun.@J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc., 20, 130-142.@Yes$Hannyngton, F. (1915).@Kumaon Butterflies.@Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 24(1), 197.@Yes$Kasambe, R. (2018).@Butterflies of Western Ghats (2nd ed.).@Mumbai, India. ISBN: 978-93-5300-856-7.@No$Kehimkar, I. D. (2008).@Book of Indian butterflies.@Oxford University Press, India.@No$Kehimkar, I. (2016).@Butterflies of India.@Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai, India.@Yes$Kumar, P. (2008).@Handbook on common butterflies of Uttarakhand.@Zoological Survey of India.@Yes$Kunte, K. J. (1997).@Seasonal patterns in butterfly abundance and species diversity in four tropical habitats in northern Western Ghats.@Journal of biosciences, 22(5), 593-603.@Yes$Pollard, E., & Yates, T. J. (1993).@Monitoring butterflies for ecology and conservation: the British butterfly monitoring scheme.@Springer Science & Business Media.@Yes$Pollard, E. (1977).@A method for assessing changes in the abundance of butterflies.@Biological conservation, 12(2), 115-134.@Yes$Sondhi, S., & Kunte, K. (2018).@Butterflies of Uttarakhand: a field guide.@Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh.@Yes$Sondhi, S. (2020).@First record of the White Tufted Royal Pratapa deva lila Moore, (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Theclinae) from Himachal Pradesh, extending its known range westwards.@Journal of Threatened Taxa, 12(9), 16177-16179.@Yes$Varshney, R. K., & Smetacek, P. (2015).@A Synoptic Catalogue of the Butterflies of India.@New Delhi: Butterfly Research Centre, Bhimtal and Indinov Publishing, New Delhi. 179.@Yes$Wynter-Blyth, M. A. (1957).@Butterflies of the Indian region. Bombay Natural History Society, Bombay, India.@@Yes
<#LINE#>Seasonal Variation and Spatial Distribution of Purple Heron (Ardea purpurea) in Urban Wetlands of Kota, Rajasthan, India<#LINE#>Pooja @Goswami,Meenakshi @Mayangar <#LINE#>17-20<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJBS-2025-031.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, Government College Kota, Kota, Rajasthan, India@Department of Zoology, Government College Kota, Kota, Rajasthan, India<#LINE#>9/12/2025<#LINE#>13/1/2026<#LINE#>The Purple Heron (Ardea purpurea) is a wetland-dependent species and an important indicator of ecosystem health in aquatic ecosystems. This study examines its spatial distribution and seasonal fluctuations across three urban wetlands in Kota, Rajasthan —Abheda Pond, Ummedganj Pakshi Vihar Conservation Reserve (UPVCR), and Right Main Canal—from November 2024 to November 2025. Abundance patterns showed a marked seasonal rhythm, with highest numbers recorded during the pre-monsoon period (April–June) and the lowest during winter. Non-parametric tests (Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney, and Spearman‘s correlation) revealed significant temporal and spatial differences in abundance (p < 0.05). The pronounced increase in pre-monsoon aligns with the species' nesting activity and the availability of shallow foraging habitats. Overall, the study emphasizes the ecological importance of urban wetlands and canals in sustaining heron populations when hydrological stability and minimal disturbance are maintained.<#LINE#>McKinney, M. L. (2008).@Effects of urbanization on biodiversity.@Urban Ecology, 247, 247–260.@Yes$Kushlan, J. A., & Hancock, J. (2005).@The herons.@Oxford University Press.@Yes$Ali, S., & Ripley, S. D. (1983).@Handbook of the birds of India and Pakistan.@Oxford University Press.@Yes$Balachandran, S., Hussain, S. A., Rahmani, A. R., & Sankar, K. (2018).@Seasonal distribution of herons and egrets in Indian wetlands.@Journal of Threatened Taxa, 10(12), 12789–12799.@Yes$Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005).@Ecosystems and human well-being: Wetlands and water synthesis.@Island Press.@No$Fasola, M. (1981).@Resource use of foraging herons in agricultural habitats.@Colonial Waterbirds, 4(1), 61–68.@No$Fasola, M. (2011).@Monitoring heron populations in Italy, 1972–2010.@Heron Conservation Report. Heron Conservation International.@No$Parameswaran, S., Nameer, P. O., & Radhakrishnan, C. (2023).@Rapid decline of waterbirds in urban wetlands of southern India.@Indian Birds, 19(3), 79–84.@Yes$Hemanth, K., Kumar, A., & Prasad, S. (2024).@Assessment of diversity, abundance, and seasonal dynamics of birds in an urban wetland.@Journal of Threatened Taxa, 16(5), 9685–9691.@Yes$Hafner, H. (2000).@Heron nesting ecology and conservation.@In J. A. Kushlan & H. Hafner (Eds.), Heron conservation (pp. 201–215). Academic Press.@No$Corregidor-Castro, A., Scarton, F., Panzarin, L., Verza, E., & Valle, R. G. (2023).@Faster and better: Comparison between traditional and drone monitoring in a cryptic species, the Purple Heron (Ardea purpurea).@Acta Ornithologica, 58(1), 1–10.@No$Dedhrotiya, N. D., & Acharya, P. (2024).@First breeding record of Purple Heron (Ardea purpurea) using Eichhornia crassipes vegetation in North Gujarat.@International Journal of Applied and Pure Biology, 39(2), 186–190.@Yes$Bibby, C. J., Burgess, N. D., Hill, D. A., & Mustoe, S. H. (2000).@Bird census techniques (2nd ed.).@Academic Press.@Yes$Forti, M., Monrós, J. S., & Vera, P. (2020).@Habitat and weather condition effects on long-term breeding population dynamics of herons.@Limnetica, 40(2), 417–433.@Yes$Aarif, K. M., Khan, A., & Rahmani, A. R. (2025).@Assessing environmental change and population declines of herons and egrets in modified wetlands.@Environmental Advances, 15, 100240.@Yes$Kushlan, J. A., & Hafner, H. (2000).@Heron conservation.3 Academic Press.@undefined@No$Kumar, P., Singh, P., & Mishra, S. (2019).@Breeding ecology of Purple Heron (Ardea purpurea) in northern India.@Avian Research, 10(3), 25–33.@Yes
@Short Communication
<#LINE#>Occurrence of Twin Seedlings in Chickpea (Gram)<#LINE#>J.R. @Ahirwar <#LINE#>21-22<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJBS-2025-032.pdf<#LINE#>Prime Minister College of Excellence, ASCA, Govt.  P.G. College Niwari, MP, India<#LINE#>9/12/2025<#LINE#>11/1/2026<#LINE#>The present study was carried out to know about abnormal seed germination of cicer arietinum L. During the course of this study, it was noted that the most of the seeds of Cicer arietinum L. were showing the normal germination and some seeds were showing abnormal seeds germination. In which more than one seedling were emerging out from single seed. This type of phenomenon is known as Polyembryony.<#LINE#>Ahirwar, J.R. (2013).@Socio-Religious Importance of Plants in Bundelkhand Region of India.@Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 2(ISC-2012), 1-4.@Yes$Ahirwar J.R. (2010).@Some medicinal plants of Tikamgarh district of Madhya Pradesh.@The Indian Forester, 136, 827-836.@Yes$Ahirwar, J. R. (2013).@Plants used in health care of people from Bundelkhand region of India.@The J. Ethnobiol. Traditional Med. Photon, 118, 245-250.@Yes$Ahirwar, J. R. (2014).@The occurrence of twin seedlings in Cordia myxa L.@Jour. of Tropical Forestry, 30, 50-53.@No$Ahirwar, J.R. and S.S. Ahirwar (2014).@The Occurrence of polyembryony in Eugenia jambolena.@Vaniki Sandesh, 1:15-18.@No$Ahirwar, J.R. and J.P. Tripathi (2010).@A new report on occurrence of polyembryony in Alangium lamarckii Thw.@Vaniki Sandesh, 1, 1-3.@Yes$Bindu S., C. R. Chitra and C. Anilkumar (2007).@Polyembryony in Rauvolfia serpentina (L) Benth. Ex Kurtz.@The Indian Forester, 133, 1711-1714.@Yes$Gunaga P. Rajesh, R.V. Ganiger, D.A Smita, Panjabrao Shonde and A.D. Rane (2012).@Polyembryony in Calophyllum inophyllum L.@The Indian Forester, 138, 305-306.@Yes$Hussain A. and C. Anilkumar (2016).@Occurrence of Twin Seedlings in Syzygium caryophyllatum (L.) Alston. Is an Endemic Tree and Coscinium fenestratum (Gaertn.) Colebr. Is a Critically Endangered Species of Western Ghats.@The Indian Forester, 142, 196-197.@Yes$Nagesh K. and T.S. Kardam (2003).@Polyembryony in Acacia nilotica Linn. Wild. Mimosaceae.@The Indian Forester, 129, 1541-1542.@Yes$Noor Mohamed M. B., A. Keerthika,  Dipak Kumar Gupta , M. Suresh Kumar, A. K. Shukla and B. L. Jangid (2017).@Polyembryony in Commiphora wightii (Arnott) Bhandari.@The Indian Forester, 143, 185-186.@Yes$Rama Bhat, P. and K.M. Kaveriappa (2002).@Polyembryony in Gymnacranthera farquhariana (Hook. F. & Thomson) Warb.@The Indian Forester, 128, 820-822.@Yes$Reddy Ch. S., Kesari Nagesh and M. Pruthvi Raj (2001).@Twin seedlings in Terminalia coriacea (Roxb.) Wight & Arn, Combretaceae.@The Indian Forester, 127, 1401-1402.@Yes$Sharma, V.K., Parveen, D.P. Uniyal and Prabha Bist (2004).@Polyembryony in Oroxylum indicum.@The Indian Forester, 130, 825-828.@Yes$Sringeswara, A.N., Sahana Vishwanath and M.D. Rajanna (2015).@Occurrence of Twin Seedlings in Cynometra travancorica Bedd. An Endangered Tree Species of Western Ghats, India.@The Indian Forester, 141, 1322-1323.@Yes$Thapliyal Manisha (2008).@Polyembryony in Taxodium mucronatum Ten. (Montezuma  Bald Cypress) Taxodiaceae.@The Indian Forester, 134, 281-283.@Yes$Thapliyal Manisha (2004).@Twin seedlings in Putranjiva roxburghii Wall.@Indian Jour. of Forestry, 21, 43-44.@Yes$Verma, S. K. and R. K. Bhatt. (2006).@Conjoined twins in Diploknema butyracea Roxb. Case of polyembryony.@The Indian Forester, 132, 627-628.@Yes
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Chemical Dissolution and Pollutant Inflow in River Systems: A Comprehensive Review of Water Contamination Processes<#LINE#>Anup Kumar @Verma,Abhinav @Singh <#LINE#>23-29<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJBS-2025-029.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, Acharya Narendra Dev Kisan P.G. College, Babhnan, Gonda, UP, India@Department of Zoology, Acharya Narendra Dev Kisan P.G. College, Babhnan, Gonda, UP, India<#LINE#>9/12/2025<#LINE#>10/1/2026<#LINE#>This review is a complete study on the chemical dissolution and inflow process of pollutants in river systems and special attention was given in the understanding of why water is polluted. Rivers, being the main elements of hydrological cycle, are extremely prone to pollution of both natural and anthropogenic sources. Chemical dissolution happens when minerals, metals and organic compounds dissolve into water bodies and change the chemistry of the river and may cause damage of aquatic ecosystems. Due to industrial outflow, agricultural effluents, and urban effluents, the inflow of pollutants is the main cause of degradation of water quality. These are chemicals such as heavy metals, pesticides and organic toxins which are very dangerous to the environment and human health. The review explains the different aspects that impact the behavior of pollutants in rivers including the flow processes, the interaction of the sediments and seasonal changes and the significance of the riverine processes in changing and transporting contaminants. It also emphasizes the existing monitoring techniques, pollution prevention approaches and the effects of climate change on the processes of contamination. The relationship between chemical dissolution and pollutants inflow is important to understand to come up with useful management practice and policies to enhance the quality of water and safeguard aquatic life. The review can be a basis of conducting additional studies on how the problem of water contamination in river systems can be mitigated.<#LINE#>James, A.O., &Akaranta, O. (2011).@Inhibition of corrosion of zinc in hydrochloric acid solution by red onion skin acetone extract.@Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(1), 31-37.@Yes$Lin, L., Yang, H., & Xu, X. (2022).@Effects of water pollution on human health and disease heterogeneity: A review.@Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10, 880246. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.880246.@Yes$Upendra, B., Ciba, M., Rahul, S., Sreenivasulu, G., Reddy, S. K. K., Arun, V., & Krishnan, K. A. (2025).@Dissolved load, chemical weathering, and CO₂ uptake dynamics of small tropical mountainous rivers of Southern Granulite Terrain, Karamana and Vamanpuram, Western Ghats, India.@Scientific Reports, 15(1), 11684.@Yes$Ngole-Jeme, V. M., & Ndava, J. (2023).@The implications of AMD-induced acidity, high metal concentrations and ochre precipitation on aquatic organisms.@Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 32(4), 2959.@Yes$U.S. Geological Survey. (2019).@Karst and limestone dissolution.@https://www.usgs.gov/special-topics/water-science-school/science/karst@No$Carpenter, S. R., Caraco, N. F., Correll, D. L., Howarth, R. W., Sharpley, A. N., & Smith, V. H. (1998).@Nonpoint pollution of surface waters with phosphorus and nitrogen.@Ecological Applications, 8(3), 559–568.@Yes$Walsh, C. J., Roy, A. H., Feminella, J. W., Cottingham, P. D., Groffman, P. M., & Morgan, R. P. (2005).@The urban stream syndrome: Current knowledge and the search for a cure.@Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 24(3), 706–723. https://doi.org/10.1899/04-028.1@Yes$Camargo, J. A., & Alonso, Á. (2006).@Ecological and toxicological effects of inorganic nitrogen pollution in aquatic ecosystems: A global assessment.@Environment International, 32(6), 831–849. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j. envint.2006.05.002@Yes$Islam, M. S., & Tanaka, M. (2004).@Impacts of pollution on coastal and marine ecosystems including coastal and marine fisheries and approach for management: A review.@Marine Pollution Bulletin, 48(7–8), 624–649. Google Scholarhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2003.12.004@Yes$Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (1997).@Constructed wetland use in nonpoint source control (BMP Technical Note ConW-1).@https://www.michigan.gov/ documents/conw_51392_7.pdf@Yes$Meybeck, M. (1987).@Global chemical weathering of surficial rocks estimated from river dissolved loads.@American Journal of Science, 287(5), 401–428. https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.287.5.401@Yes$Nordstrom, D. K. (2011).@Mine waters: Acidic to circumneutral.@Elements, 7(6), 393–398. https://doi.org/ 10.2113/gselements.7.6.393@Yes$U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2023a).@Polluted runoff: Nonpoint source pollution.@https://www.epa.gov/ nps/basic-information-about-nonpoint-source-nps-pollution@Yes$Zhang, P., Yang, M., Lan, J., Huang, Y., Zhang, J., Huang, S., Yang, Y., et al. (2023).@Water quality degradation due to heavy metal contamination: Health impacts and eco-friendly approaches for heavy metal remediation.@Toxics, 11(10), 828. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11100828@Yes$World Health Organization (2024).@Water pollution and human health.@https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/drinking-water@Yes$Hasan, G. M. M. A., Das, A. K., Satter, M. A., & Haque, M. K. (2022).@Bioaccumulation of organophosphorus (OPs) and carbamate (CBs) residues in cultured Pangas catfish (Pangasius pangasius) and health risk assessment.@Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 194, Article 4644227. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4644227@Yes$White, A. F., & Brantley, S. L. (1995).@Chemical weathering rates of silicate minerals: An overview.@Reviews in Mineralogy, 31, 1–22.@Yes$U.S. Geological Survey (2020).@Weathering and erosion – Water science school.@https://www.usgs.gov/special-topics/water-science-school/science/weathering@Yes$White, A. F., & Brantley, S. L. (2003).@The effect of time on the weathering of silicate minerals: Why do weathering rates differ in the laboratory and field?.@Chemical Geology, 202, 479–506.@Yes$U.S. Geological Survey. (2019).@Nutrients and eutrophication.@https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water -resources/science/nutrients-and-eutrophication@Yes$Dreybrodt, W. (1990).@The role of dissolution kinetics in the development of karst aquifers.@Chemical Geology, 84, 133–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(90)90127-N@Yes$Berner, E. K., & Berner, R. A. (2012).@Global environment: Water, air and geochemical cycles.@Princeton University Press.@Yes$Garrels, R. M., & Mackenzie, F. T. (1971).@Evolution of sedimentary rocks.@W. W. Norton.@Yes$U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2023b).@Sewage and wastewater.@https://www.epa.gov/npdes/npdes-wastewater@Yes$White, A. F., & Brantley, S. L. (2003).@Chemical weathering rates of silicate minerals.@U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1614. https://pubs. usgs. gov/pp/pp1614/@No$Smith, V. H., Tilman, G. D., & Nekola, J. C. (2006).@Eutrophication: Impacts of excess nutrients.@Environmental Pollution, 100(1), 179–196. Google Scholar https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2005.07.017@Yes$Vymazal, J. 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@Short Review Paper
<#LINE#>Negative impact of agricultural pesticides in river water ecosystem: A review<#LINE#>Anu @Chaudhary,Abhinav @Singh <#LINE#>30-32<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJBS-2025-030.pdf<#LINE#>Acharya Narendra Dev Kisan Post graduate College Babhnan Gonda, Uttar Pradesh-271313, India@Department of Zoology, Acharya Narendra Dev Kisan Post graduate College Babhnan Gonda, Uttar Pradesh– 271313 India<#LINE#>9/12/2025<#LINE#>12/1/2026<#LINE#>Agricultural pesticides are frequently utilized to boost crop production but can seep into nearby water sources, resulting in the pollution of aquatic ecosystems. This review examines the different ways in which pesticides enter rivers, such as through runoff and drainage. These substances can modify the physicochemical characteristics of rivers, disrupt aquatic organisms, leading to decreased biodiversity, changes in species composition, and negatively affecting reproductive success in fish and invertebrates. Additionally, pesticides can alter the composition of species and harm the reproduction of aquatic creatures, while consuming fish and other aquatic organisms contaminated with these substances poses detrimental effects on human health. This review emphasizes the need for improved monitoring strategies, the implementation of integrated pest management (IPM) practices, and stricter regulations to mitigate pesticide runoff and safeguard river ecosystems.<#LINE#>Agarwal, A., Sharma, A., & Shukla, S. (2015).@Pesticide residue in water: A review.@International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, 3(4), 499–505.@No$Aktar, M. W., Sengupta, D., & Chowdhury, A. (2009).@Impact of pesticides use in agriculture: their benefits and hazards.@Interdisciplinary toxicology, 2(1), 1.@Yes$Wilkinson, C., & Baker, S. (1990).@The effects of pesticides on human health.@@Yes$Beketov, M. A., Kefford, B. J., Schäfer, R. B., & Liess, M. (2013).@Pesticides reduce regional biodiversity of stream invertebrates.@Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(27), 11039-11043.@Yes$Deneer, J. W. (2000).@Toxicity of mixtures of pesticides in aquatic systems.@Pest Management Science: formerly Pesticide Science, 56(6), 516-520.@Yes$Gilliom, R. J. (2007).@Pesticides in US streams and groundwater.@@Yes$Kumar, R., Sankhla, M. S., Kumar, R., & Sonone, S. S. (2021).@Impact of pesticide toxicity in aquatic environment.3 Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry, 11(3), 10131-10140.@undefined@Yes$Lakhani, L. (2015).@How to reduce impact of pesticides in aquatic environment.@Soc Issues Environ Probl, 3(9), 29-38.@Yes$Ongley, E. D. (1996).@Control of water pollution from agriculture (Vol. 55).@Food & Agriculture Org..@Yes$Rimayi, C., Odusanya, D., Weiss, J. M., de Boer, J., & Chimuka, L. (2018).@Occurrence and levels of pesticides in African river systems.@Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 190(3), 151.@No$Schäfer, R. B., von der Ohe, P. C., Rasmussen, J., Kefford, B. J., Beketov, M. A., Schulz, R., & Liess, M. (2012).@Thresholds for the effects of pesticides on invertebrate communities and leaf breakdown in stream ecosystems.@Environmental science & technology, 46(9), 5134-5142.@Yes$Stehle, S., & Schulz, R. (2015).@Agricultural insecticides threaten surface waters at the global scale.@Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(18), 5750-5755.@Yes$Van Der Werf, H. M. (1996).@@Assessing the impact of pesticides on the environment. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment.@Yes$Muturi, E. J., Donthu, R. K., Fields, C. J., Moise, I. K., & Kim, C. H. (2017).@Effect of pesticides on microbial communities in container aquatic habitats.@Scientific reports, 7(1), 44565.@Yes