@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Histopathological observations of gonads and liver of African catfish Clarias gariepinus induced by a commercial insecticide Thalis 112 EC<#LINE#>OUEDRAOGO @Alfred,AGBOHESSI @Prudencio,GUEDEGBA @Léa,HOUEDJISSI @Gisèle,BARRO @Oumar,HOUNDJI @Alexis,DANDJINOU @Arlette,IMOROU TOKO @Ibrahim <#LINE#>1-9<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJBS-2023-007.pdf<#LINE#>University Joseph Ki Zerbo; Laboratory of Histology, Embryology, Cytogenetics and Biology of Reproduction of the University Hospital of Bogodogo, Burkina-Faso@University of Parakou; Research Laboratory in Aquaculture and Aquatic Ecotoxicology (LaRAEAq); Benin@University of Parakou; Research Laboratory in Aquaculture and Aquatic Ecotoxicology (LaRAEAq); Benin@University of Parakou; Research Laboratory in Aquaculture and Aquatic Ecotoxicology (LaRAEAq); Benin@Mayo Clinic, Molecular Medicine/ Department of Hematology-Oncology, USA@University of Parakou; Research Laboratory in Aquaculture and Aquatic Ecotoxicology (LaRAEAq); Benin@University of Parakou; Research Laboratory in Aquaculture and Aquatic Ecotoxicology (LaRAEAq); Benin@University of Parakou; Research Laboratory in Aquaculture and Aquatic Ecotoxicology (LaRAEAq); Benin<#LINE#>10/3/2023<#LINE#>26/8/2023<#LINE#>Thalis 112 EC, a binary insecticide consisting of synthetic molecules Emamectin benzoate (48g/l) and Acetamiprid (64g/l) is used in cotton growing in Benin. In several ways, this insecticide ends up in waterways. However, the harmful effects of this biocide on the aquatic biotopes, ultimate receptacles of these pollutants and especially on the aquatic biocenosis are not well studied and reported. Our study aims to investigate the histopathological observations of the gonads and liver of a well-represented species in the ecosystems of Benin, the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Fish (42.3 ± 15.73g) were submitted to six sub-lethal concentrations (in triplicates) of Thalis (0.00, 0.03, 0.6, 0.12, 0.25 and 0.49ppm) for 28 days. Fish gonads and liver were sampled on days 28 of Thalis exposure. Observations of samples revealed a down regulated spermatogenesis while oogenesis was upregulated with atretic follicular oocytes up to 60% in females, indicating an estrogenic effects related to Thalis exposure. Degenerative alterations such as necrosis, vacuolation, fibrosis, lobes with immature cells within their lumen, lobular disorganization, have been observed in the testis, while necrosis, cytoplasmic vacuolation and cytoplasmic retraction have been identified in the ovaries. The histopathological abnormalities observed in liver were necrosis, vacuolation, melanomacrophagic centres, hydropic changes and nuclear hypertrophy. The present survey indicates that Thalis can affect the gonads and liver of African catfish. Therefore, this pesticide should be cautiously handled in agriculture away from any natural sources of water.<#LINE#>MAAF (Ministère de l’Agriculture, de l’Agroalimentaire et de la Forêt de la France). (2013).@Les politiques agricoles à travers le monde: Quelques exemples.@Service des relations internationales-3 rue Barbet de jouy-7534 Paris 07 SP, 5p.@No$DGAE (Direction générale des affaires économiques). 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@Review Paper
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Through an intricate enzymatic mechanism, these enzymes have the singular capacity to hydrolyse cellulose into fermentable carbohydrates like glucose. By creating a sustainable and eco-friendly method for the manufacture of biofuel, the discovery and use of cellulases have revolutionized the conversion of biomass. Microbial cellulases are an essential tool for converting cellulosic biomass into useful products, providing environmentally friendly options for chemicals, materials, and energy. Cellulase production, optimisation, and application are areas that require ongoing research and technical development if we are to realise the full potential of these enzymes and accelerate the transition to a more resource-conscious and sustainable future.<#LINE#>Scott G. W. and Kafrawy F. A. (1992).@Cellulose: The Structure and Properties of this Versatile Biomaterial.@Chemistry in Australia, 59(10), 18-21, 1992.@No$Iglesias-Montoro J. C., Arregui-Mena A. J. and A. J. López-Pérez (2021). 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<#LINE#>The Role of Astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease<#LINE#>Prarthana Kalerammana @Gopalakrishna,Saravanan @Jagadeesan,Venkatesh R @Naik,Sreenivasulu @Sura,Vishnumukkala Thirupathi @Rao <#LINE#>17-20<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJBS-2023-023.pdf<#LINE#>Physiology discipline, Human Biology division, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia@Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Taylors University, Lakeside Campus, Selangor, Malaysia@Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia@Department of Preclinical Sciences, University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Sciences, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia@Anatomy discipline, Human Biology division, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia<#LINE#>10/9/2023<#LINE#>20/10/2023<#LINE#>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition that impairs cognition, causes memory loss, and alters a person's behaviour and personality. The deposit of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau, which results in neurofibrillary tangles, in the brain are two important pathogenic characteristics of AD. Numerous investigations have determined and confirmed that astrocytes in AD have both neurotoxic and neuroprotective properties. The unique pathophysiological mechanisms and roles of these cells remain unknown despite several explanatory theories. The review outlines the neuroprotective roles of astrocytes, like as inflammation control and Aβ elimination. It concludes by highlighting the intricate interactions that exist between astrocyte activities and AD pathogenesis. Research on reactive astrocytes' balance between neuroprotection and neurotoxicity is still ongoing. 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