International Science Community Association International Research Journal of Biological Sciences 2278-3202 12 3 2023 11 10 A Review: Cellulose and Cellulase drive sustainable biomass conversion 10 16 EN Alfred OUEDRAOGO 1 University Joseph Ki Zerbo; Laboratory of Histology, Embryology, Cytogenetics and Biology of Reproduction of the University Hospital of Bogodogo, Burkina-Faso Prudencio AGBOHESSI 2 University of Parakou; Research Laboratory in Aquaculture and Aquatic Ecotoxicology (LaRAEAq); Benin Léa GUEDEGBA 3 University of Parakou; Research Laboratory in Aquaculture and Aquatic Ecotoxicology (LaRAEAq); Benin Gisèle HOUEDJISSI 4 University of Parakou; Research Laboratory in Aquaculture and Aquatic Ecotoxicology (LaRAEAq); Benin Oumar BARRO 5 Mayo Clinic, Molecular Medicine/ Department of Hematology-Oncology, USA Alexis HOUNDJI 6 University of Parakou; Research Laboratory in Aquaculture and Aquatic Ecotoxicology (LaRAEAq); Benin Arlette DANDJINOU 7 University of Parakou; Research Laboratory in Aquaculture and Aquatic Ecotoxicology (LaRAEAq); Benin Ibrahim IMOROU TOKO 8 University of Parakou; Research Laboratory in Aquaculture and Aquatic Ecotoxicology (LaRAEAq); Benin Mahla Charmi 1 Bhagwan Mahavir College of Basic and Applied Science, Surat, Gujarat, India Pandya Trupti 2 Bhagwan Mahavir College of Basic and Applied Science, Surat, Gujarat, India > Review Paper 2023 5 20 2023 11 10 Due to its high cellulose content and abundance in agriculture and forestry leftovers, cellulosic biomass is a viable feedstock. Cellulose, the most prevalent biopolymer on Earth, is a complex carbohydrate polymer that serves as the structural backbone of plant cell walls. However, there is still a considerable difficulty in the effective conversion of cellulose into biofuels and other products with added value. Cellulase enzymes, which are produced by a variety of microorganisms and some plants, are essential for the breakdown of cellulose. Through an intricate enzymatic mechanism, these enzymes have the singular capacity to hydrolyse cellulose into fermentable carbohydrates like glucose. By creating a sustainable and eco-friendly method for the manufacture of biofuel, the discovery and use of cellulases have revolutionized the conversion of biomass. Microbial cellulases are an essential tool for converting cellulosic biomass into useful products, providing environmentally friendly options for chemicals, materials, and energy. Cellulase production, optimisation, and application are areas that require ongoing research and technical development if we are to realise the full potential of these enzymes and accelerate the transition to a more resource-conscious and sustainable future. Copyright@ International Science Community Association