International Science Community Association International Research Journal of Biological Sciences 2278-3202 11 3 2022 08 10 Ainslie’s Materia Medica of Hindoostan in the perspective of plant invasion in India 25 40 EN Tripathi M. 1 Department of Zoology, S. P. M. Govt. P. G. College, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj-211013, India Agrawal U.R. 2 Department of Zoology, C.M.P. P.G. College, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj-211002, India Tripathi J. 3 Department of Zoology, Iswar Saran P. G. College, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj-211004, India Laishram Jogesh 1 Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyay Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Bishnupur District, Utlou-795134, Manipur, India Sharma Neeraj Kumar 1 Dept. of Zoology, Govt. Degree College Shahpur Himachal Pradesh, India Kola Muni Raja Lakshmi 1 Department of Pharmaceutics, S.V.U.C.S, S.V. University, Tirupati, AP-517501, India Asuntha G. 2 Department of Pharmaceutics, S.P.W. Polytechnic, Tirupati, AP-517501, India D.A. Patil 1 Post-Graduate Department of Botany, S.S.V.P. Sanstha’s L.K. Dr. P.R. Ghogrey Science College, Dhule-424005, MS, India > Review Paper 2021 6 11 2022 08 10 This paper communicates alien plant species divulged from Ainslie’s Materia Medica of Hindoostan. The valid botanical name, family, local names in Hindi, other Indian languages and Sanskrit as mentioned by Ainslie himself and biogeographical affiliations examined after close scrutiny of relevant taxonomic literature, habital category and status w.r.t. wildness or cultigen are provided in the Table-I. As many as 146 species belonging to 127 genera and 64 families of angiosperms are revealed. The dicotyledons, herbaceous flora and cultigens had a major share in bioinvasion prior to the 18th century in India. They are represented by both worlds, new as well as old. However, the alien species from the New World (American Continent) are numerically maximum (57 species), while the Asian (Excl. Indian), African and European represented in a descending order respectively by 32, 30 and 19 species. The other regions contributed by a few alien species only. This inventory will serve as the scientific baseline on plant invasion in the management of biodiversity in India. Copyright@ International Science Community Association