@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Sanitary quality and proximate composition of vernonia amygdalina, telfairae occidentalis and talinum triangulare commonly used for Nigerian dishes<#LINE#>Omorodion @Nnenna,Ifeanyichukwu @Nwatu <#LINE#>1-5<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJBS-2020-074.pdf<#LINE#>University of Port Harcourt Department of Microbiology PMB 5323 River state Nigeria@University of Port Harcourt Department of Microbiology PMB 5323 River state Nigeria<#LINE#>18/12/2020<#LINE#>24/11/2021<#LINE#>Vegetables are an important part of human diet because of its nutritious contents and roles it plays in fighting diseases away from our body. 30 vegetable samples comprising of Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf), Telfairae occidentalis (pumpkin leaf), and Talinum triangulare (waterleaf) were purchased randomly from the Choba market so as to evaluate the microbial quality using standard microbiological methods. The total heterotrophic bacterial count of these leafy vegetables ranged from 5.45x106 to 2.57x107cfu/g. The percentage occurrence of the  bacteria species isolated from the vegetable samples are  Escherichia coli 25%, Salmonella sp 15.59%, Staphylococcus sp 21.15%, Bacillus sp 11.51%, Klebsiella sp 7.69%, Shigella sp 7.69%, Micrococcus sp 5.77% and Enterobacter sp 5.77%. The fungal counts of the vegetable samples ranged from 1.5x104 to 7.1x104cfu/g. The percentage occurrence of the fungal species isolated are Aspergillus sp 40%, Candida sp 20%, Pencillum sp 20%, Fusarium sp 6.67%, and Geotrichum sp 13.33%. It was observed that microbial contamination of various vegetable samples are as a result of indigenous microbes that are found in the soil and poor hygienic practices of vendors. Both the vendors and consumers should be enlightened on the sanitary practices while displaying, selling and processing of vegetables and health implications of these pathogenic organisms associated with vegetables so as to avoid foodborne infections.<#LINE#>Ilic, S., Raji, A., Britton, C.J., Grasso, E., Wilkins, W., Totton, S., Wihelm, B., Waddell, L. and Le Jeune, T. (2012).@A scoping study characterizing prevalence, risk factor and intervention research published between 1990 and 2010, for microbial hazards in leafy green vegetables.@Food control, 23, 7-19.@Yes$Johnston, L. M., Jaykus, L. A., Moll, D., Martinez, M. C., Anciso, J., Mora, B., & Moe, C. L. (2005).@A field study of the microbiological quality of fresh produce.@Journal of food protection, 68(9), 1840-1847.@Yes$Fan X., Niemira, B.A., Doona, C.J., Feeherry, F.E. and Gravani, R.B. (2009).@Microbial safety of fresh produce.@Vol. 41. John Wiley & Sons.@Yes$Ray, B. and Bhunia, A.K. (2007).@Fundamental food Microbiology.@(4th ed.). CRC Press: United State of America. PP.492@Yes$Ofor, M.O., Okorie, V.C., Ibeawuchi, I.I., Ihejikika, G.O., Obilo, O.P. and Dialoke, S.A. (2009).@Microbial contaminants in fresh Tomato wash water and food safety consideration in South-Eastern Nigeria.@Life science Journal 1, 80-82.@Yes$Amoah, P. Drechsel, P., Abaidoo, R.C. and Abraham, E.M. Accra, Ghana, 10-12 November (2009).@West Africa Regional Sanitation and Hygiene Symposium improving food hygiene in Africa where vegetable are irrigated with polluted water.@@Yes$Northrop-Clewes, C. A., & Shaw, C. (2000).@Parasites.@British medical bulletin, 56(1), 193-208.@Yes$Harrigan, W.F. and Cance, M.C. (1976).@The Inidence of Bacteria found on vegetables.@In: Laboratory methods in food and Diary Microbiology. Academic press Inc: London. PP 201-222@Yes$Cheesbrough, M. (2005).@District Laboratory practice in Tropical Countries.@Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: UK. PP 137-150.@Yes$Akintayo J.O, Iiemobayo O., Elizabeth A. O., Olarinde .O (2018).@Comparison of the proximate and some selected phytochemical composition of fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis) leaves and pods.@International Biology Biomedical Journal Autumn, 4(4).@Yes$Ray, B., & Bhunia, A. (2007).@Important facts in food borne diseases Fundamental Food Microbiology.@@Yes$Ofor, M.O., Okorie, V.C., Ibeawuchi, I.I., Ihejikika, G.O., Obilo, O.P. and Dialoke, S.A. (2009).@Microbial contaminants in fresh Tomato wash water and food safety consideration in South-Eastern Nigeria.@Life science Journal, 1, 80-82.@Yes$Oghene, B.O., Oyarekua, M.A. and Edeh, A.N. (2014).@Biological Status of Commonly Consumed Food and Vegetables from Food Vendors in a Market in Enugu, Nigeria.@International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Science, 3, 151-156.@Yes$Wilson, I. G. (2008).@Post harvest handling of vegetables.@Journal of Advances in Food Science & Technology, 3(3), 129-133.@Yes$Stine, S.W., Song, I., Choi, C.Y. and Gerba, C.P. (2011).@Application of pesticides sprays to fresh produce: A risk assessment for hepatitis A and Salmonella.@Food and Environmental virology, 3, 86-91.@Yes$Rajaranshi, A. (2010).@Bacterial load on street vended salad in Jaipur city India.@Internet Journal of food safety, 12, 136-139.@Yes$Anastasiades A., Thanou S., Loulis D., Stapatories A. and Karapantsion T.D. (2009).@Rheological and physical characterization of pregelatinized maize starches.@Journal of food Engineering, 52, 2267-2278@Yes$Michelet, N., Granea, P.E. and Mahillon, J. (2006).@Bacillus cereus Enterotoxins, bi-and tri-component cytolysins and hemolysins.@The comparative source book of Bacterial protein Toxins, 779-790.@Yes$Nagarajan, S. and singh, D.V. (1990).@Long Distance Dispersion of Rust Pathogens.@Annual Review of Phytopathology, 28, 139-153.@Yes$Barth M., Hankinson, T.R., Zhuang, H. and Breidt, F. (2009).@Microbiological Spoilage of Foods and Vegetables In: Compendium of the Microbiological Spoilage of Food and Beverages.@Springer Science + Business Media USA. Pp. 135-174.@Yes$Sodamade A. (2013).@Proximate Analysis, Mineral Content, Amino Acid Composition and Functional Properties of Vernonia amygdalina Vegetable leaf protein Concentrates.@Greener Journal of Agricultural Science, 3, 204-210@Yes$Omimakinde, A. J., Oguntimehin, I., Omimakinde, E. A., & Olaniran, O. (2018).@Comparison of the proximate and some selected phytochemicals composition of fluted Pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis) Leaves and Pods.@International Biological and Biomedical Journal, 4(4), 206-212.@Yes
<#LINE#>Diversity and Ecology of Wild Mushrooms of Riparian Zone of Lake Kivu, Rwanda<#LINE#>Munyaneza @Emmanuel,Bizuru @Elias,Degreef @Jérôme <#LINE#>6-11<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJBS-2021-013.pdf<#LINE#>Museum of Environment, Rwanda Cultural Heritage Academy, Rwanda@University of Rwanda, Rwanda @Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles & Botanic Garden Meise, Belgium<#LINE#>25/4/2021<#LINE#>20/12/2021<#LINE#>Mushrooms are among the most diverse group of living organisms on earth, though inadequately studied worldwide.  The objective of this study was to assess the diversity and distribution of mushroom species in riparian zone of Lake Kivu in order to develop a baseline helping for further studies on fungi in Rwanda. The diversity and distribution of mushroom species were studied by plot-based mushroom surveys in Mariri, Mpangara and Nyakarwa sites while a simple random search was used in the garden of the Museum, in different seasons from September 2016 to June 2019. Species similarity between sites was determined using the Sorenson’s coefficients and Chao 2 estimator was used to estimate species richness. Among species collected, Agaricales (81%) is the dominant order in this zone. The total order/family ratio of 0.31, family/genus ratio of 0.65 and genus/species ratio of 0.63 is an indicator of high family and generic diversity in the collections. Most species were recorded in Nyakarwa Forest and Sorenson similarity matrix showed dissimilarity richness and distribution of mushroom species between sites. The diversity and distribution of species are related to habitat structure variability and species richness decreases from forest to grassland.<#LINE#>Tedersoo, L., Bahram, M., Polme, S. & Koljalg, U. (2014).@Global diversity and geography of soil fungi.@Science, 80, 346.@Yes$Willis, K. J. (2018).@State of the World’s Fungi 2018.@R. Bot. Gard. Kew.@No$Hawksworth, D. L. (20020.@Why Study Tropical Fungi ?@Trop. Mycol., 2, 1–11.@Yes$Hawksworth, D. L. (2001).@The magnitude of fungal diversity: the 1.5 million species estimate revisited.@Mycol. Res., 105, 1422–1432.@Yes$Pilz, D., Weber, N. S., Carol Carter, M., Parks, C. G. & Molina, R. (2004).@Productivity and diversity of morel mushrooms in healthy, burned, and insect-damaged forests of northeastern Oregon.@For. Ecol. Manage., 198, 367–386.@Yes$Halme, P. (2012).@Monitoring fungal biodiversity- towards an integrated approach.@Elsevier, 1–9. doi:10.1016/j. funeco.2012.05.005@Yes$Osarenkhoe, O. O., John, O. A. & Theophilus, D. A. (2014).@Ethnomycological Conspectus of West African Mushrooms : An Awareness Document.@Adv. Microbiol., 4, 39–54.@Yes$Degreef, J., Demuynck, L., Mukandera, A., Nyirandayambaje, G., Nzigidahera, B., & De Kesel, A. (2016).@Wild edible mushrooms, a valuable resource for food security and rural development in Burundi and Rwanda.@BASE.@Yes$Buyck, B. (1994).@Ubwoba: Les champignons comestibles de l’Ouest du Burundi.@(AGCD).@Yes$Chelela, B. L., Chacha, M. & Matemu, A. (2015).@Wild Mushrooms from Tanzania : Characterization and their Importance to the Rural Communities.@Curr. Res. Environ. Appl. Mycol., 5(4), 307–321.@Yes$Watling, R., Frankland, J. C., Ainsworth, A. . & Robinson, C. H. (2002).@Tropical Mycology.@Volume 1, Macromycetes.@Yes$Egbe Enow, A., Kinge, T. R., Tabi, E. M., Thiobal, N. & Mih, A. M. (2013).@Diversity and distribution of macrofungi (mushrooms) in the Mount Cameroon Region.@J. Ecol. Nat. Environ., 5(10), 318–334.@Yes$REMA (2011).@Inventories of Kivu Lake Islands Biodiversity In Support To Their Inclusion Into The Protected Areas Network in Rwanda (Karongi District).@WD info. doi:10.1002/ejoc.201200111@No$REMA (2014).@Conservation plan of Lake Kivu Islands in support of their inclusion into the protected areas network in Rwanda.@@No$Djelloul, R. & Samraoui, B. (2011).@Distribution and ecology of the superior mushrooms of the Aulnaie of Ain Khiar (El Kala National Park, Northeastern Algeria).@African J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 5, 448–456.@Yes$Verbeken, A. & Buyck, B. (2002).@Diversity and Ecology of Tropical Ectomycorrhizal Fungi in Africa.@Trop. Mycol., 1, 11–24.@Yes$Plumptre, A. J. et al. (2003).@The Biodiversity of the Alberine Rift.@Albertine Rift Technical Reports No. 3. Wildlife Conservation Society.@No$Wood, D. A. (2014).@Structure, paleolimnology and basin history of the East Kivu graben, Lake Kivu, Rwanda from offshore seismic reflection data.@Syracuse University.@Yes$MINITERE (2007).@Profil environnemental du District de Karongi.@@No$Kenkel, N. C., Juhász-Nagy, P. & Podani, J. (1989).@On sampling procedures in population and community ecology.@Vegetatio, 83, 195–207.@Yes$Hill, D., Fasham, M., Tucker, G., Shewry, M. & Shaw, P. (2005).@Handbook of Biodiversity Methods: Survey, Evaluation and Monitoring.@Cambridge (Cambridge University Press, 2005). doi:10.1017/CBO9780511542084@Yes$Moore, D., Robson, G. D. & Trinci, A. P. J. (2011).@21st Century Guidebook to Fungi Outline Classification of Fungi.@Encycl. Br., 1–21.  doi:10.1017/CBO97805119770 2 2@Yes$Lodge, D. J., Ammirati, J. F., O’Dell, T. E., Mueller, G. M., Huhndorf, S. M., Wang, C. J., ... & Czederpiltz, D. L. (2004).@Terrestrial and lignicolous macrofungi. Biodiversity of Fungi, Inventory and Monitoring Methods.@127-158.@Yes$Ndong, H. E., Degreef, J., & De Kesel, A. (2011).@Champignons comestibles des forêts denses d’Afrique centrale. Taxonomie et identification.@ABC Taxa, 10, 253.@Yes$De Kesel, A., Kasongo, B. & Degreef, J. (2017).@Champignons comestibles du Haut-Katanga (R. D. Congo ).@17.@Yes$Degreef, J. & De Kesel, A. (2017).@The Edible Fungi of Tropical Africa annotated database.@Available at: www.EFTA-online.org. (Accessed: 1st December 2017)@No$Marcon, E. (2015).@Mesures de la biodiversité.@Doctoral dissertation, AgroParisTech.@Yes$Cottam, G. & Curtis, J. T. (1956).@The Use of Distance Measures in Phytosociological Sampling.@Ecology, 37, 451–460.@Yes$Kebede, R. S. (2017).@Morphological and Molecular Characterization, Diversity and Ethnomycological Studies on Wild Mushrooms of Central and Northwest Ethiopia.@Doctoral dissertation, Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.@Yes$Megersa, S., Gure, A., Feleke, S., & Alemu, M. (2017).@Macrofungi species richness and diversity in Dagaga and Gambo plantation and natural forests of Arsi Forest Enterprise, Oromia, Ethiopia.@IJIR, 3(1), 1681-1886.@Yes$Sandhya, D., Surendra, S., Chauhan, U. K., & Kumar, T. M. (2017).@Study of Frequency, Density, Abundance and Diversity of Wild Mushrooms of Tropical Mixed Forest of Central India.@International Journal of Applied Research and Technology, 2(2), 136-145.@Yes$Gomez-Hernandez, M., & Williams-Linera, G. (2011).@Diversity of macromycetes determined by tree species, vegetation structure, and microenvironment in tropical cloud forests in Veracruz, Mexico.@Botany, 89(3), 203-216.@Yes$Peay, K. G., Bruns, T. D., Kennedy, P. G., Bergemann, S. E., & Garbelotto, M. (2007).@A strong species–area relationship for eukaryotic soil microbes: island size matters for ectomycorrhizal fungi.@Ecology letters, 10(6), 470-480.@Yes$Henson, L. B., Kraus, T. D., McMurtry, J. M. & Ewert, N. D. (2010).@Islands of Life : A biodiversity and Conservation Atlas of Great Lakes Islands.@Nature of Conservation of Canada (Naturre Conservation of Canada).@Yes$Jones, I. L., Bunnefeld, N., Jump, A. S., Peres, C. A. & Dent, D. H. (2016).@Extinction debt on reservoir land-bridge islands.@Biol. Conserv., 199, 75–83.@Yes
<#LINE#>Effect of marine algae based polysaccharides from porphyridium sp. as bio-stimulant on wheat plant<#LINE#>Saurabh K. @Tiwari,Mahadev @Gaikwad,Vinod @Nagle,Santanu @Dasgupta,Virendrakumar @Gupta <#LINE#>12-17<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJBS-2021-017.pdf<#LINE#>Polymer Synthesis & Catalysis Group, Reliance Research and Development Center, Reliance Industries Limited, Navi Mumbai-400701, India@Germplasm & Cultivation Group, Reliance Research and Development Center, Reliance Industries Limited, Navi Mumbai-400701, India@Germplasm & Cultivation Group, Reliance Research and Development Center, Reliance Industries Limited, Navi Mumbai-400701, India@Germplasm & Cultivation Group, Reliance Research and Development Center, Reliance Industries Limited, Navi Mumbai-400701, India@Polymer Synthesis & Catalysis Group, Reliance Research and Development Center, Reliance Industries Limited, Navi Mumbai-400701, India<#LINE#>20/5/2021<#LINE#>30/8/2021<#LINE#>In the present study exopolysaccharide (EPS) from marine red algae has been studied as bio-stimulant for agricultural use. Algal exopolysaccharide with Magnesium chloride was applied as nutrient for wheat plant. Exopolysaccharide addition of 0.5-1 wt% showed enhancement in the amino acid content, Chlorophyll content and relative water content in wheat plant. Based on the present study it can be concluded that combination of EPS and MgCl2 can be recommend as bio-stimulant to enhancing the photosynthetic activity in commercial crops. Exopolysaccharide from Porphyridium has a great potential and can be used as bio-stimulator for agriculture application.<#LINE#>Martin Parry (1990).@Climate Change and World Agriculture.@Earthscan Publications Ltd., London, pp 1-178. ISBN 1-85383-065-8.@No$Tilman, D., Cassman, K. G., Matson, P. A., Naylor, R. and Polasky, S. (2002).@Agricultural Sustainability and Intensive Production Practices.@Nature, 418(6898), 671-677.@Yes$Calvo, P., Nelson, L., & Kloepper, J. W. (2014).@Agricultural uses of plant biostimulants.@Plant and soil, 383(1), 3-41.@Yes$Yakhin, O. I., Lubyanov, A. A., Yakhin, I. A., & Brown, P. H. (2017).@Biostimulants in plant science: a global perspective.@Frontiers in plant science, 7, 2049.@Yes$Battacharyya, D., Babgohari, M. Z., Rathor, P., & Prithiviraj, B. (2015).@Seaweed extracts as biostimulants in horticulture.@Scientia Horticulturae, 196, 39-48.@Yes$Craigie, J. S. (2011).@Seaweed extract stimuli in plant science and agriculture.@Journal of applied phycology, 23(3), 371-393.@Yes$Khan, W., Rayirath, U. P., Subramanian, S., Jithesh, M. N., Rayorath, P., Hodges, D. M., ... & Prithiviraj, B. (2009).@Seaweed extracts as biostimulants of plant growth and development.@Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 28(4), 386-399.@Yes$Marsham, S., Scott, G. W., & Tobin, M. L. (2007).@Comparison of nutritive chemistry of a range of temperate seaweeds.@Food chemistry, 100(4), 1331-1336.@Yes$Faheed, Fayza A., and Z. Abdel Fattah (2008).@Effect of Chlorella vulgaris as bio-fertilizer on growth parameters and metabolic aspects of lettuce plant@. Journal of Agriculture and Social Sciences (Pakistan).@Yes$Abd El‐Baky, H. H., El‐Baz, F. K., & El Baroty, G. S. (2010).@Enhancing antioxidant availability in wheat grains from plants grown under seawater stress in response to microalgae extract treatments.@Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 90(2), 299-303.@Yes$Oancea, F., Velea, S., Fãtu, V., Mincea, C., & Ilie, L. (2013).@Micro-algae based plant biostimulant and its effect on water stressed tomato plants.@Rom. J. Plant Prot, 6, 104-117.@Yes$El Arroussi, H., Benhima, R., Elbaouchi, A., Sijilmassi, B., El Mernissi, N., Aafsar, A., Meftah-Kadmiri, I., Bendaou, N. and Smouni, A. (2018).@Dunaliella Salina Exopolysaccharides: A Promising Biostimulant for Salt Stress Tolerance in Tomato (Solanumlycopersicum).@J. Appl. Phycol., 30(5), 2929-2941.@Yes$Xiao, R. and Zheng, Y. (2016).@Overview of Microalgal Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) and Their Applications.@J.Biotechnol. Adv., 34(7), 1225–1244.@Yes$Drever, J.I. and Stillings, L.L. (1997).@The Role of Organic Acids in Mineral Weathering.@Colloids Surf. Physicochem. Eng. Asp., 120(1-3), 167–181.@Yes$Chiaiese, P., Corrado, G., Colla, G., Kyriacou, M.C. and Rouphael, Y., (2018).@Renewable Sources of Plant Biostimulation: Microalgae as A Sustainable Means to Improve Crop Performance.@Front. Plant Sci., 9, 1782.@Yes$Abdel-Hafez, S.I., Abo-Elyousr, K.A. and Abdel-Rahim, I.R. (2015).@Fungicidal Activity of Extracellular Products of Cyanobacteria Against, Alternariaporri.@Eur. J. Phycol., 50(2) 239–245.@Yes$Kim, J.D. (2006).@Screening of Cyanobacteria (Blue-Green algae) from Rice Paddy Soil for Antifungal Activity against Plant Pathogenic Fungi.@Mycobiology, 34(3) 138–142.@Yes$Tao, Y. and Barnett, S.M. (2004).@Effect of Light Quality on Production of Extracellular Polysaccharides and Growth Rate of Porphyridiumcruentum.@Biochem. Eng. J., 19(3), 251-258.@Yes$Golueke, C.G., and Oswald, W.J. (1962).@The mass culture of Porphyridiumcruentum.@Appl. Microbiol., 10(2), 102-107.@Yes$Mutale-Joan, C., Redouane, B., Najib, E., Yassine, K., Lyamlouli, K., Laila, S., & Zeroual, Y. (2020).@Screening of microalgae liquid extracts for their bio stimulant properties on plant growth, nutrient uptake and metabolite profile of Solanum lycopersicum L. Scientific reports.@10(1), 1-12.@Yes$Arnon, D.I. (1949).@Copper Enzymes in Isolated Chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta Vulgaris.@Plant Physiol., 24(1), 1-15.@Yes$Lowry, O.H., Rosebrough, N.J., Farr, A.L. and Randall, R.J. (1951).@Protein Measurement with the Folin Phenol Reagent.@J. Biol. Chem., 193(1), 265-75.@No$Folin, O. and Wu, H. (1920).@A simplified and Improved Method for Determination of Sugar.@J. Biol. Chem., 41(3), 367-74.@Yes$Sivakumaran, S. and Hall, M.A. (1978).@Effect of Age and Water Stress Inendogenous Levels of Plants Growth Regulators in Euphorbia Lathyrus.@J. Exp. Bot., 29(108), 195-205.@Yes$Misra, P.S., Mertz, E.T. and Glover, D.V. (1975).@Studies on Corn Proteins. VIII. Free Amino Acid Content of Opaque-2 Double Mutants.@Cereal. Chem., 52, 844-848.@Yes$Gaikwad, M. S., Meshram, B. G., & Chaugule, B. B. (2009).@On occurrence of the genus Porphyridium Nageli: New to India.@Journal of Algal Biomass Utilization, 1, 102-106.@Yes$Guzman-Murillo, M.A.  Ascencio, F. and Larrinaga-Mayoral, J.A. (2012).@Germination and ROS Detoxification in Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) under NaCl Stress and Treatment with Microalgae Extracts.@Protoplasma, 250(1) 33–42.@Yes$Arroussi, H.E., Benhima, R., Elbaouchi, A.,Sijilmassi, B., Mernissi, N.E.,  Aafsar, A., Meftah-Kadmiri, I., Bendou, N. and Smouni, A., (2018),@Dunaliella Salina Exopolysaccharides: A Promising Bio-stimulant for Salt Stress Tolerance in Tomato (Solanumlycopersicum).@J. Appl. Phycol., 30(5), 2929–2941.@Yes$Rachidi, F., Benhima, R., Sbabou, L. and Arroussi, H.E. (2020).@Microalgae Polysaccharides Bio-stimulating Effect on Tomato Plants:Growth and Metabolic Distribution.@Biotechnol. Rep., 25, e00426.@Yes$Rachidi, F., Benhima, R., Kasmi, Y., Sbabou, L., & El Arroussi, H. (2021).@Evaluation of microalgae polysaccharides as biostimulants of tomato plant defense using metabolomics and biochemical approaches.@Scientific reports, 11(1), 1-16.@Yes$Chanda, M. J., Merghoub, N., & Arroussi, H. E. (2019).@Microalgae polysaccharides: the new sustainable bioactive products for the development of plant bio-stimulants?.@World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 35(11), 1-10.@Yes$El-Naggar, N.E.A., Hussein, M.H., Shaaban-Dessuuki, S.A. and Dalal, S.R. (2020).@Production, Extraction and Characterization of Chlorella vulgaris Soluble Polysaccharides and Their Applications in AgNPs Biosynthesis and Biostimulation of Plant Growth.@Sci. Rep., 10(1), 1-19.@Yes$Clarke, J.M. and McCaig, T.N. (1982).@Evaluation of Techniques for Screening for Drought Resistance in Wheat.@J. Crop Sci., 22(3), 503-506.@Yes$Schonfeld, M.A., Johnson, R.C., Carver B.F. and Mornhinweg, D.W. (1988).@Water Relations in Winter Wheat as Drought Resistance Indicators.@J. Crop Sci., 28(3), 526-531.@Yes$Tahara, M., Carver, B.F., Johnson, R.C. and Smith, E.L. (1990).@Relationship between Relative Water Content During Reproductive Development and Winter Wheat Grain Yield.@Euphytica, 49, 255-262.@Yes$Sinclair, T.R. and Ludlow, M.M. (1985).@Who Taught Plants Thermodynamics? The Unfulfilled Potential of Plant Water Potential.@Aust. J. Plant Physiol., 12(3), 213-217.@Yes$Hassanzadeh, M., Ebadi, A., Panahyan, E.K., Eshghi, A.G., Somarin, J.E., Saeidi, M. and Zabihi-e-Mahmoodabad, R. (2009).@Evaluation of Drought Stress on Relative Water Content and Chlorophyll Content of Sesame (sesamumindicum L.) Genotypes at Early Flowering Stage.@Res. J. Environ.Sci., 3(3), 345-350.@Yes$Walter Larcher (1995).@Physiological Plant Ecology: Ecophysiology and Stress Physiology of Functional Groups.@Springer, New York, pp 1-528. ISBN 978-3-540-43516-7.@Yes$Rai, V.K. (2002).@ROLE of Amino Acids in Plant Responses to Stresses.@Biologiaplantarum, 45(4), 481-487.@Yes
<#LINE#>Phytochemical, thin layer chromatographic and IR spectroscopic studies on Andrographis paniculata of Kamrup of Assam, India<#LINE#>Pankaj @Kalita <#LINE#>18-23<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJBS-2021-024.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, Arya Vidyapeeth College, Guwahati, Assam, India<#LINE#>11/8/2021<#LINE#>30/12/2021<#LINE#>Kamrup district of Assam has wide scope for ethnomedicinal studies as it is inhibited by many tribes. Andrographis paniculata of Assam is used for various treatments by the peoples of different parts of Assam.  Phytochemical investigation on ethanolic leaf extract proved the presence of different chemicals in this plant. Thin layer chromatography and IR Spectroscopic studies also confirmed the presence of many chemical compounds in this plant.<#LINE#>Buragohain, J., & Konwar B.K., (2007).@Ethnomedicinal Plants used in Skin Diseases by some Indo-Mongoloid Communities of Assam.@Asian J. Exp. Sci., 21(2), 281-288.@Yes$Brahma, S., Narzary, H., & Basumatary, S., (2013).@Wild edible fruits of Kokrajhar district of Assam, North-East India.@Asian J. Plant Sci. Res., 3(6), 95-100.@Yes$Sarmah, P. C., (2011).@Ethno antidiabetic plants of assam.@IJABPT, 2(4), 246-251.@Yes$Banik, G., Bawari, M., Dutta Choudhury, M. Choudhury, S., & Sharma, G. D., (2010).@Some Anti-Diabetic Plants of Southern Assam.@Assam University Journal of Science & Technology: Biological and Environmental Sciences,  5(1), 114-119.@Yes$Gogoi, B., & Zaman, K., (2013).@Phytochemical Constituents of Some Medicinal Plant Species Used in Recipe During ‘Bohag Bihu’ in Assam.@J. Pharma. Phytochem, 2(2), 30-40.@Yes$Gogoi, M., & Islam, M., (2010).@Ethno-medicinal plants of upper Brahamaputra valley of Assam.@International Journal of Plant Sciences, 5(1), 10-12.@Yes$Sonowal R., (2013).@Indigenous Knowledge on the Utilization of Medicinal Plants by the Sonowal Kachari Tribe of Dibrugarh District in Assam, North-East India.@Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., 2(4), 44-50,@Yes$Das, A. K., Choudhury, M. R., & Sharma, G. C., (2013).@Medicinal Plants used by Koch Rajbangshi of North Salmara Subdivision, Bongaigaon, Assam, India.@Our Nature, 11(1). 45-53.@Yes$Das, A. K., Dutta, B. K., & Sharma, G. D., (2008).@Medicinal plants used by different tribes of Cachar district, Assam.@Indian Jounal of Traditional Knowledge, 7(3), 446-454.@Yes$Okhuarobo, A., Falodun, J. E., Erharuyi, O., Imieje, V., Falodun, A., & Langer, P., (2014).@Harnessing the medicinal properties of Andrographis paniculata for diseases and beyond: a review of its phytochemistry and pharmacology.@Asian Pac J Trop Dis, 4(3), 213-222.@Yes$Deepak, S., Asmita, P., & Shinde, P., (2014).@Study of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Andrographis paniculata.@Asian Journal of Plant Science and Research, 4(2), 31-41.@Yes$Sithara, N. V., Komathi, S., Rajalakshmi, G., Queen, J., & Bharathi, D., (2016).@Phytochemical analysis of Andrographis paniculata using different solvents.@European Journal of Biotechnology and Bioscience, 4(8),  28-30.@Yes$Radha, R., Sermakkani, M., & Thangapandian, V. (2011).@Evaluation of phytochemical and antimicrobial activity of Andrographis paniculata nees (Acanthaceae) aerial parts.@Int. J. of Pharm. & Life Sci., 2(2), 562-567.@Yes$Nagajothi, S., Mekala, P., Raja, A., Raja, M. J., & Senthilkumar, P., (2018).@Andrographis paniculata: qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis.@Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 7(4), 1251-1253.@Yes$Murali, J., Maheswari, R. M., Syed Muzammil, M., & Asogan, G., (2014).@Anthelmintic activity of leaves extract of andrographis paniculata nees.@IJP, 1(6), 404-4 08.@Yes$Agrawal, R. C., & Pandey, P., (2019).@Screening of andrographis paniculata extract for antioxidant and genotoxic activities.@International Journal of Research – Granthaalayah, 7(6), 132-142.@Yes$Singh, S., Mehta, A., Baweja, S., Ahirwal, L., & Mehta, P., (2013).@Anticancer activity of Andrographis paniculata and Silybum marianum on five human cancer cell lines.@Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 8(1), 42-48.@Yes$Rajendrakumar, T., Rao, S., Satyanarayana, M. L., Narayanaswamy, H. D., Byregowda, S. M., & Purushotham, K. M. (2020).@Cisplatin induced histopathological changes in the liver and its amelioration by Andrographis paniculata.@International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology,  9(3),  3386 –3394.@Yes$Salna, K. P., Sreejith, K., Uthiralingam, M., Mithu, A. P., John M. M. C., & Fleming, A. T., (2011).@A comparative study of phytochemicals investigation of Andrographis paniculata and Mmurraya koenigii.@Int J Pharm Pharm Sci, 3(3), 291-292.@Yes$Gurupriya, S., Cathrine, L., Pratheema, P., & Ramesh, J., (2018).@Preliminary phytochemical screening and GC- MS analysis of ethanolic stem extract of Andrographis paniculata.@International Journal of Recent Scientific Research Research,  9(3),  25300-25303.@No$Padmalochana, K., Rajan, & M. S. D., (2014).@Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of king of bitter andrographis paniculata against pathogenic microbes.International.@Journal of Institutional Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 4(6), 135-145.@No$Pandey, J., Saini, V. K., & Raja, W., (2019).@Evaluation of phytochemical analysis of andrographis paniculata leaf and stem extract.@WJPLS, 5(2), 188-190.@Yes$Bhargavi, B., & Kaloori, K., (2018).@Preliminary phytochemical analysis of different solvent extracts of andrographis paniculata (burm. f.) wall. ex nees.@Int J Pharm Biol Sci., 8(4), 311-314.@No$Chaitanya, L. B.,  Ahalya, S., Divya, N. P.,  Mounica,  K., & Kumar,  A., (2017).@Phytochemical evaluation of Andrographis paniculata, Cassia angustifolia and Eclipta alba.@Indian Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Biotechnology, 5(2), 160-163.@No$Nag, S., Paul, A., & Dutta, R., (2013).@Phytochemical analysis of methanolic extracts of leaves of some medicinal plants.@International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 3(4), 1-4.@Yes$Biradar, S. R., Biradar, D. S., & Rachetti, B. D., (2014).@Qualitative analysis of Andrographis paniculata nees.@International Science Journal, 1(4), 5-9.@No$Chandran, P., Sudhakaran, R., Krishna, A., Arya, B., Priya, K., Gayathry, S., Vandana, R., & Joseph, N., (2017).@Analysis of Phytochemical Constituents, Anthelmintic and Insecticidal Properties of Leaf Extracts of Andrographis paniculata.@The Pharmaceutical and Chemical Journal, 4(5), 98-106.@No$Divisha, R.,  Ranganathan, V., Vijayakaran, K., Elamaran, A., & Senthil, K. P., (2018).@Quantifying phytophenols in Andrographis paniculata and Withania somnifera leaf extracts.@The Journal of Phytopharmacology, 7(6), 477-479.@No$Elaiyaraja, A., Chandramohan, G., Mariajancyrani, J., & Jayabharathi, G., (2015).@Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Indoneesiella echioides (L.) Nees Leaves.@World Scientific News, 21, 51-63.@Yes$Widjajakusuma, E. C., Arijanto J. A., Hendriati, L., Wijay, S., Ferawati, S. A, Sastrowardoyo, W., Nadia, M. N., Muna, N. M., Fajarwati, R. P., Ervina, M., Esar, S. Y., Soegianto, L., Lang, T. & Heriyanti, C., (2019).@Phytochemical screening and preliminary clinical trials of the aqueousextract mixture of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees and Syzygium polyanthum (Wight.) Walp leaves in metformin treated patients with type 2 diabetes.@Phytomedicine, 55, 137–147.@Yes$Khalil, A. W., Iqbal, Z., & Adhikari, A., (2017).@Chemical composition, phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of Boerhavia procumbens.@Bangladesh J Pharmacol, 12, 427-433.@Yes$Albahri, F. (2020).@Pharmacognestic, phytochemical, and antimicrobial activities of nila vembu (andrographis paniculata. nees.).@International Journal of Current Research, 12(10), 14054-14058.@No$Chua, L. S., Abdullah, F. I., & Azlah, M. A. F., (2019).@Phytochemical Profile of Andrographis paniculata Extract from Solvent Partitionand Precipitation.@Journal of Biologically Active Products from Nature, 9(3), 238-249.@Yes$Abraham,  A. O., Nasiru, A. U., Abdulazeez, A. K., Seun, O. O., & Ogonna, D. W., (2019).@Therapeutic Potency of the Polar and Non-Polar Extracts of Andrographis Paniculata Leaf Against some Pathogenic Bacterial Isolates.@Arch Phar & Pharmacol Res., 2(3), 1-5.@Yes$Adekunle, O. A., & Ayodele, F. T., (2014).@@Insecticidal Activity of the Aqueous Leaves Extract of Andrographis paniculata asProtectant of Cowpea Seeds from Callosobruchus maculatus Infestation.@Yes$Bassey, E. E., Ifeayinwa, O., Onuorah, C., & Chioma, L., (2019).@Photochemical screening and in vitro antimicrobial analysis of chloroform, methanol and acetone extracts of leaves of Andrographis paniculata.@Int J Mol Biol., 4(2), 38‒44.@No$Divya, N., Mythili, S., & Sathiavelu, A. (2011).@Phytochemical analysis and in vitro antimicrobial activity of Andrographis paniculata (Acanthaceae).@Journal of Pharmacy Research, 4(7), 2140-2142.@Yes$Sukesh, K., Shafi Thompson, T., & Densingh, J. (2011).@Phytochemical investigation and antibacterial activity of Gymnema sylvestre and Andrographis paniculata from western ghats.@Int. J. Phytomed, 3, 254-260.@Yes$Kalita, P., (2015).@Thin Layer Chromatographic investigation on leave of Leucas Aspera extracted in Ethanol and Dichloromethane.@Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., 4(7), 69-72.@No$Kalita, P., (2016).@Studies on the behavior of ethanolic and dichloromethanic leaf extract of Cynodon dactylon from Assam using thin layer chromatography.@Res. J. Recent Sci., 5(3), 1-11.@No$Harborne, J. B., (1998).@Phytochemical studies of medicinal plants.@Int. J. Plant Sci., 68, 130-142.@No$Yadav, R.N.S, & Agarwala, M., (2011).@Phytochemical analysis of some medicinal plants.@Journal of Phytology, 3(12), 10-14.@Yes$Srujana, T.S., Babu, K. R., & Rao, B. S. S. (2012).@Phytochemical Investigation and Biological Activity of Leaves Extract of Plant Boswellia Serrata.@The Pharma Innovation, 1(5), 22-46.@Yes$Kumar, A., Ilavarasan, R., Jayachandran, T., Decaraman, M., Aravindhan, P., Padmanabhan, N., & Krishnan, M.R.V., (2009).@Phytochemicals Investigation on a Tropical Plant, Syzygium cumini from Kattuppalayam, Erode District, Tamil Nadu, South India.@Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 8(1), 83-85.@Yes$Chitravadivu, C., Manian, S., & Kalaichelvi, K., (2009).@Qualitative Analysis of Selected Medicinal Plants, Tamilnadu, India.@Middle-East J. Sci. Res., 4(3), 144-146.@Yes$Srivastava, A.K., Srivastava, P., Behera, B.R. & Shrivastava, A.K., (2011).@Pharmacognostical & phyto-chemical investigation of Cissus Quadrangularis Linn. Stem.@IJPRD, 3(1), 207-215.@Yes
<#LINE#>Enhanced recovery of L-asparaginase from isolated Penicillium sp. through modified cultural and nutritional amendments under submerged culture conditions <#LINE#>Krishna Raju @Patro,Nibha @Gupta <#LINE#>24-32<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJBS-2021-026.pdf<#LINE#>Regional Plant Resource Centre, Bhubaneswar 751015 Odisha, India@Regional Plant Resource Centre, Bhubaneswar 751015 Odisha, India<#LINE#>4/10/2021<#LINE#>26/11/2021<#LINE#>Culture conditions were optimized for enhancing the amount of L-asparaginase in submerged culture medium of Penicillium sp. Optimized parameters involve different C and N ratio, culture conditions and additional compounds followed by extraction, purification and characterization of the enzyme. The fungus required 8 days and a pH of 4.5 for the optimum growth and enzyme production. The maximum L-asparaginase activity was observed with fructose, ammonium sulphate and L-arginine. The enzyme production was concentration dependant and maximum activity was recorded at fructose 35g/litre with addition of 5g/litre each of L-asparagine, ammonium sulphate and L arginine. The purification of enzyme from mass culture was developed in a modified media by following salt precipitation, Sephadex G-100 filtration and ion exchange chromatography by DEAE cellulose columns. Result revealed purified protein and enzyme preparations that was matched with standard (66kDa) and exhibited approximately 97k Dawith 0901x10-3MKm value. Enzyme purified through gel filtration was active within the fractions 4 to 7.2 and at higher temperature. The impact of nutritional and cultural conditions towards enhanced enzyme production is clearly evident in the present study. The thermal stability of the purified enzyme also ensures its suitability for long term preservation and the basic modification of the basal medium in order to achieve enhanced enzyme production may be a good support for the large scale fermentation and production of this enzyme.<#LINE#>James, A.O. and Akaranta, O. (2011).@Inhibition of Corrosion of Zinc in Hydrochloric Acid Solution by Red Onion Skin Acetone Extract.@Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(1), 31-37.@Yes$Kennedy, J. F., Cabalda V. M. & White C. A. (1988).@Enzymic starch utilization and genetic engineering.@Tren In Biotech, 6, 184-9.@Yes$Klyosov, A. A. (1986).@Enzymic conversion of cellulosic materials to sugar and alcohol the technology and its implications.@Appl Biochem and Biotech, 12, 249-300.@Yes$Aghaiypour, K. Wlodawer, A. & Lubkowski, J. (2001).@Structural basis for the activity and the substrate specificity of Erwinia Chrysantemi L-Asparaginase. Biochem, 40, 5655-5664.@undefined@Yes$Duval, M., Suciu, S., Ferster, A., Rialand, X.,Nelken, B. Lutz, P. Benoit, Y., Robert, A., Manel, A.M., Vilmer, E. Otten, J. & Philippe, N. (2002).@Comparison of Escherichia coli –asparaginase with Erwinia-asparaginase in the treatment of childhood lymphoid malignancies results of a randomized European Organisation for research and treatment of cancer-children@Blood, 99, 2734-2739@Yes$Kotzia, G. A. & Labrou,   N. E. (2005).@Cloning, expression and characterisation of Erwinia Carotovora L-asparaginase.@J Biotech, 119, 309-323.@Yes$Vellard, M. (2003).@The enzyme as drug application of enzymes as pharmaceuticals.@Biotech, 14,1-7.@Yes$Geckil, H. & Geneer, S. (2004).@Production of L-asparaginase in Enterobacteraerogenes expressing Vitreoscilla haemoglobin for efficient oxygen uptake.@Appl Microbio and Biotech, 63, 691-697.@Yes$Sarquis, M. I. de M., Oliveira, E. M. M., Santos, A. S. & Costa, G. L.  da, (2004).@Production of L-asparaginase by Filamentous Fungi Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 99,  489-492.@undefined@Yes$Krasotkina, J. Borisova, A. Gevaziev, A, & Sokolov N. (2004).@One-step purification and kinetic properties of the recombinant L-Asparaginase from Erwinia carotovora.@Biotech Appl Biochem, 39, 215-221.@Yes$Savitri, A., Asthana, N. & Azmi, W. (2003).@Microbial L-asparaginase A Potent Antitumour Enzyme.@Ind J of Biotech, 2,184-194.@Yes$El-Bessoumy, A., Sarhan, A. and Mansour, M. (2004).@Production, Isolation, and Purification of L-Asparaginase from Pseudomonas Aeruginosa 50071 Using Solid-state Fermentation.@J Biochm and Mol Biol,  37, 387-393.@Yes$Sahu, M., Sivakumar, K., Poorani, K., Thangaradjou, T. & Kannan, L. (2007).@Studies on L-asparaginase enzyme of actinomycetes isolated from estuarine fishes.@J of Envi Bio, 28, 465-474.@Yes$Gupta, N., Dash, S. J. & Basak, U. C. (2009).@L- asparaginases from fungi of Bhitarkanika mangrove ecosystem.@As Pac J Mol Biol Biotech, 17, 27-30.@Yes$Shah, A. J., Karadi, R. V. & Parekh, P.  P. (2010).@Isolation, optimization and production of L-asparaginase from Coliform Bacteria.@Asi J of Biotech, 2, 169-177.@Yes$Theantana, T.  Hyde, K. D. & Lumyong, S. (2007). Asparaginase production by endophytic fungi isolated from some Thai medicinal plants Kmitlsci tech J, 7, 13-18.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Nakahama, K., Imada, A., Igarasi, S. & Tubaki, K. (1973).@Formation of L Asparaginase by Fusarium Species. J of Gen Microbiol, 75, 269-273.@undefined@Yes$Lapmark, K., Lumyong, S., Thongkuntha, S., Wongputtisin, P. & Saradsud, U. (2010).@L-Asparaginase Production by Bipolarissp BR438 Isolated from Brown Rice in Thailand.@Chiang Mai J Sci, 37, 160-164.@Yes$Siddalingeshwara, K. G. & Lingappa, K. (2010).@Screening and Optimization of L-Asparaginase- A Tumour Inhibitor from Aspergillus terreus Through Solid State Fermentation.@J Adv Sci Res, 1, 55-60.@Yes$Mohapatra, B., Bapuji, R.  M. & Banerjee, U. C. (1997). Production and properties of L-asparaginase from Mucorsp Associated with a marine sponge (Spirastrellasp).@Cyto, 92,165-173.@undefined@Yes$Abdel-Fattah, Y. R. & Olama, Z. A., (2002).@L-asparaginase production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in solid-state culture evaluation and optimization of culture conditions using factorial designs.@Process Biochem, 38, 115-122.@Yes$Baskar, G. & Renganathan, S. (2009).@Statistical screening of process variables for the production of L-asparaginase from cornflour by Aspergillus terreus MTCC 1782 in submerged fermentation.@Ind J  Sci and Tech, 2,  45-48.@Yes$Baskar, G. D., Kumar, M.,   Prabu, A., Renganathan, A.,   & Yoo, C. (2009).@Optimization of Carbon and Nitrogen Sources for L-asparaginase production by Enterobacteraerogens using response surface methodology Chem Biochem EngQ, 23, 393–397.@undefined@Yes$Venil, C. K., Nanthakumar, K., Karthikeyan, K. and Lakshmanaperumalsamy, P. (2009).@Production of L-asparaginase by Serratiamarcescens SB08 Optimization by response surface methodology.@Iran J of Biotech, 7, 10-18.@Yes$Barnes, W., Dorn, R. & Vela, G. R. (1977).@Effect of Culture Conditions on Synthesis of L-Asparaginase by Escherichia Coli A-1.@Appl and Environ Microbiol, 33,  257-261.@Yes$Chandra, R., Ghosh, P. & Bhatnagar, S. P. (2010).@Effect of Growth Factors, Amino Acids and Minerals on L-Asparaginase Production by Wild Stain of Alcaligenes faecalisi Isolated from wild Mushroom Scleroderma sp.@Int J Biol Sci and Engin, 1, 17-26.@Yes$Sreenivasulu,  V., Jayaveera,  K. N. & Rao,  P. M. (2009)@Optimization of process parameters for the production of L-asparaginase from an isolated fungus.@Res J of Pharm and Phyto, 1, 0975-2331.@Yes$Warangkar, S. C. & Khobragade, C. N. (2009). Screening, enrichment and media optimization for L-asparaginase production. J of Cell and Tiss Res, 9, 1963-8.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Ghasemi, Y., Ebrahiminezhad, A. & Amini, S. R. (2008).@An Optimized Medium for Screening of L-Asparaginase production by Escherichia coli.@Amer J Biochem and Biotech, 4, 422-424.@Yes$Patro, K. R., Basak, U. C., Mohapatra, A. K. & Gupta, N. (2014).@Development of new medium composition of enhanced	production of L-asparaginase by Aspergillus flavus J of Environmental Biology, 35, 295-300.@undefined@Yes$Patro, K. R. & Gupta, N. (2014).@Impact of cultural and nutritional conditions on L-asparaginase production by Penicillium citrinum.@J Pharmamedicnine and biological sciences, 3, 114-120.@Yes$Bradford, M. M. (1976).@A rapid and sensitive for the quantitation of microgram quantitites of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding.@Analytical Biochemistry, 72, 248-254.@Yes$Sreenivasulu, V., Jayaveera, K.  N. & Rao, P. M. (2009).@Solid-State Fermentation for the Production of L-Asparaginase by Aspergillus Sp.@Res J of Pharm and Phyto, 1, 21-25.@Yes$Kumar, S., Dasu, V.V. & Pakshirajan, K. (2009).@Localization and production of novel L-asparaginase from Pectobacterium carotovorum MTCC 1428 Proc Biochem, 46, 223-229.@undefined@Yes$Abbas Ahmed, M.M., Nageh Abo Dahab. F., Taher Taha, M. and Fareed Hassan, S.M. (2015).@Production, Purification and Characterization of L-Asparaginase from Marine Endophytic Aspergillus sp. ALAA-2000 under Submerged and Solid State Fermentation.@J Microb Biochem Technol, 7, 165-172.@Yes
<#LINE#>Effect of seed sources and different presowing treatments on the early growth performance of Plukenetia conophora (P.conophora)<#LINE#>Olasuyi @K.E.,Boboye @O.M. <#LINE#>33-39<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJBS-2021-028.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria@Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria<#LINE#>3/11/2021<#LINE#>22/12/2021<#LINE#>This study evaluated the effect of seed sources and different pre-sowing treatments on the early growth performance of Plukenetia conophora from three different locations in Ondo State, Nigeria. The seeds used for this experiment were collected from three (3) different sources namely; Aba-Oyo (Akure South Local government Area), Owena (Ijesa-Osun LGA) and Ilara-Mokin (Ifedore LGA). The pre-sowing treatments used for this research include control (T1), soaking in cold water for 30 min (T2), 6 hrs (T3) and 24 hrs (T4), boiling in hot water for 20 secs (T5), 40 secs (T6), and 80 secs (T7), soaking in concentrated acid for 5 mins (T8), 10 mins (T9) and 20 mins (T10) were applied across all the seed sources under this experiment. Therefore, this experiment was performed in a Randomized Completely Blocked Designed (RCBD). Across all the different pre-sowing treatments used for this experiment, analysis of variance revealed the highest mean germination percentage value in the seeds pretreated for 20 minutes (T10) concentrated H2S04 (77.78%) followed by the seeds pretreated for 5 minutes (T8) concentrated H2S04 (68.89%) while the seeds soaked in cold water at thirty (30) minutes (T2) had a closer mean germination percentage value (62.22%) to T8. Finally, the lowest mean germination percentage value was seen in the seeds boiled in hot water at 80 seconds (T7) with no germination percentage value (0%) in Table-2. For increase in productivity and germination percentage. This study, therefore, recommends that P.conophora seeds be soaked in concentrated sulphuric acid for 20 minutes.<#LINE#>Owonubi, J. J., & Otegbeye, G. O. (2004).@Disappearing forests: A review of the challenges for conservation of genetic resources and environmental management.@J. For. Res. Manage, 1(1&2), 1-11.@Yes$Awodoyin R. O., Egunjobi J.K., Ladipo D.O. (2000).@Biology germination and prospect for the domestication of conophor nut (Plukenetia conophora) Mull Arg. Syn Tetracarpidium conophorum.@Journal of Tropical for. Resources, 161, 31-38.@Yes$Okafor JC and Okorie PE (1990).@Environmental and Ethnobotanical importance of the tropical rainforest in Nigeria.@Proc. 4th Annual Conf of Botanical Soc. of Nigeria, Nsukka.@Yes$Rachael K. Egharevba, Matilda I. Ikhatua and Kalu (2005).@The Influence of seed treatments and growing media on seedling growth and development of African walnut, Plukenetia conophorum.@African Journal of Biotechnology, 4(8), 808-811.@Yes$Hossain, M.A., Arefin M.C., Khan B.M and Rahmari M.A (2005).@Effects of seed treatment in germination and seedling growth attributes of Horitaki (Terminalia chebula Retz.) in the nursery.@Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science Research, (2), 134-141.@Yes$Mbora A. J.P. and Mnadass R. (2009).@Tree Seed Source Re-classification Manual.@World Agroforestry Centre, Nairobi, Kenya. 34 pp.@Yes$Silvera, F.A.O., R.C. Ribeiro, S. Soares, D. Rochas and C. Olivera (2013).@Physiological dormancy and seed germination Inhibitors in Miconia (Melastomataceae).@Plant Ecol. Evol., 146, 290-294.@Yes$Farhadi, M., M. Tigabu, A.G. Arian, M. Sharifani, A. Daneshvar and P.C. Oden (2013).@Pre-sowing treatments for breaking dormancy in Acer velutinum boiss.@Seed lots. J. For. Res., 24, 273-278.@Yes$Agboola, D.A (2003):@Germination of seeds of four tropical wed species in response to treatment with some herbicides and gibberellic acid during germination.@Nigeria Journal of Botany, 16, 56-63.@Yes$Ajiboye, A.A (2010).@Dormancy and seed germination in Tamarindus Indica L.@The Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 11(2), 463-470.@Yes$Aref, I.B. (2000).@Effects of pre-germination treatments and sowing depths upon germination potential of some Acacia species.@Research Bulletin No.95 Research centre and college of Agriculture 5-17.@Yes$Adekunle, V. A. J. (2007).@Ecological and environmental implications of national development: A case study of Obanla natural forest, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.@Research Journal of Environmental Science, 4, 127-140.@No$Assogbadjo, A. E., Glèlè Kakaï, R., Edon, S., Kyndt, T., & Sinsin, B. (2011).@Natural variation in fruit characteristics, seed germination and seedling growth of Adansonia digitata L. in Benin.@New Forests, 41(1), 113-125.@Yes$Fakorede MAB and Ayoola AO (1980).@Relation between seedling vigor and selection for yield improvement in maize.@Maydica, 25(3), 135-147.@Yes$Nagy, S. S., & PE Wardowski, W. F. (1990).@Fruits of tropical and subtropical origin: composition, properties and uses (No. C008. 036).@Florida Science Source, Inc.@Yes$Loha, A., Tigabu, M., Teketay, D., Lundkvist, K. and Fries, A., (2006).@Provenance variation in seed morphometric traits, germination, and seedling growth of Cordia Africana Lam.@New Forests, 32, 71-86.@Yes$Benowicz A., El-Kassaby Y.A., Guy R.D. and Ying C.C. (2000).@Sitka Alder (Alnus sinuate RYDB.) Genetic diversity in germination, frost hardiness and growth attributes.@Silvae Genetica, 49, 206-212.@Yes$Oyun, M.B. (2002).@Germination and early growth of Parkia biglobosa from different Seed sources in Nigeria.@Forestry and Fisheries, 4, 28-31.@No$Wright, W. R., & Parker, C. E. (1976).@A volumetric temperature/salinity census for the Middle Atlantic Bight.@Limnology and Oceanography, 21(4), 563-571.@Yes$Gill LS, Onyibe HI, and Asemota BP (2006).@Studies on the germination of Calliandraportoricensis (Benth).@The Nigerian Journal of Forestry, (22), 53-57.@No$Agboola DA and Adedire MO (1988).@Responses of treated dormant seeds of three tropical species to germination promoters.@Nigeria Journals of Botany, 3(2), 292-294.@No$Robertson BI and Small JB (1977).@Germination of Jubaeopsis caffra seeds.@Principles, 21, 114-122.@Yes$Owonubi JJ, Otegbeye GO and Nwokedi C. (2005).@Development of a pre-germination technique for Azadirachta Indica: a preliminary investigation.@In: Sustainable Forest Management in Nigeria: Lessons and Prospects. Proceedings of the 30th Annual Conference of the Forestry Association of Nigeria, held in Kaduna, Kaduna State. 7-11th November 2005. 29-38.@Yes$O.A. Iroko, I.O. Asinwa, A.A. Kareem and F. Kasim-Ibrahim (2003).@Pretreatments effects on seed germination of Vitellaria paradoxa (Gaerta) Hepper.@Scholarly Journal of Agricultural Science, 3(4), 121-125.@No$Rusdy, M. (2017).@Enhancement of seedling emergence and early growth of Leucaena leucocephala by hot water, mechanical and acid scarification pre-treatments.@International Journal of Applied Environmental Sciences, 12(5), 857-863.@Yes$El-Nour M, El-Khalifa K, Massimo K and El-Hassen B (1991).@Preliminary study on seed pre-germination.@23.@No
<#LINE#>Effects of an organophosphate (glyphosate) and a quaternary ammonium (paraquat) herbicides formulation on soils’ culturable bacterial and fungal populations<#LINE#>Wakili Tope @Aborisade,Ernest Ikenna @Atuanya <#LINE#>40-53<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJBS-2021-029.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria@Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Edo State, Nigeria<#LINE#>13/11/2021<#LINE#>24/12/2021<#LINE#>Herbicides play significant roles in weed management and contribute immensely to increase in productivity in agronomy system. However, its continuous application could have some dire effect on non-target soil microbiota. Therefore, this study assessed the impact of glyphosate and paraquat herbicides on soil culturable bacterial and fungal population. The loamy composite soil samples of forest reserve, Owena, Ondo State, Nigeria were used for the experiment. Each of the herbicide formulation was applied at the concentration rates ranged from half of the field recommended rate (0.5FR), the recommended rate (FR), two, four, and eight times the recommended rate (2, 4 and 8) FR respectively. The treatments were replicated thrice and arranged in complete randomized design, while the untreated soil samples serve as control. The standard pour plate technique was used for the enumeration of bacterial and fungal colonies after 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 days of exposure. The findings showed that the glyphosate pesticides formulation applied at concentration range of 0.5 to 2FR significant stimulate bacterial populations of the soil samples while the fungal populations was not affected at the same concentration. However, the treatments at higher doses (4FR and 8FR) significantly reduced the number of bacterial and fungal counts of the soil samples.   For paraquat treated soils, the treatment rate below the double recommended field rate did not have any significant effect (p > 0.05) on both bacterial and fungal populations. While the increases in inhibitory effect were observed with corresponding increases in paraquat application rates in the soil samples.<#LINE#>Seifu, W., & Elias, E. (2018).@Soil quality attributes and their role in sustainable agriculture: a review.@International Journal of Plant and Soil Science, 26(3), 1-26. https:doi.org/10.9734/IJPSS/2018/41589@Yes$Vasu, D., Tiwary, P., Chandran, P., & Singh, S. K. (2020).@Soil quality for sustainable agriculture.@Springer Nature, 41-66. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8660-22@Yes$Lisova, T., & Sharapova, S. (2020).@Legal issues of protection of agricultural land in Ukraine at the present stage.@Amazonia Investiga, 9(27), 209-296. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/AI/2020.27.03.22@Yes$Sambe, L. N., Adeofun, C. O., & Dachung, G. (2018).@The economic and ecological effect of deforestration on the Nigeria environment.@Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports, 1(2), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajarr/2018/v1i213038@Yes$Dayok, S. T., & Gani, A. T. (2020).@Problems and remediation of some polluted soils in Benue State, Nigeria.@Asian Soil Research Journal, 4(1), 22-33. http://doi.10.9734/ASRJ/2020/v4i130084@No$Rahman, M. (2016).@Herbicidal weed control: benefits and risks.@Advance in Plants and Agricultural Research, 4(5), 371-372. https://doi.org/10.15406/apar.2016.04.00153@No$Kanissery, R., Gairhe, B., Kadyampakeni, D., Batuman, O., & Alferez, F. (2019).@Glyphosate: its environmental persistence and impact on crop health and nutrition.@Plants MDPI Journal, 8, 499-510. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8110499@Yes$Langaro, A. C.,  Souza, M. F., Mendes-Pereira, G. A., Ambrosio-Barros, J. P., Silva, A. A., Silva, D. V., Jesus-Passos, A. R., & Mendonça, V. (2020).@Influence of glyphosate formulations on the behavior of sulfentrazone in soil in mixed applications.@Toxics MDPI Journal, 8, 123-138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics8040123@Yes$Pavla, T., Lyubenova, M., Boteva, S., Todorovska, E., Tsonev, S., & Kalcheva, H. (2019).@Effect of herbicides paraquat and glyphosate on the early development of two tested plants.@Earth and Environmental Science, 221, 1-17. http://doi.10.1088/1755-1315/221/1/012137@Yes$Wang, H., Xu. D., Zhu, X., Wang, M., & Xia, Z. (2021).@The maize SUMO conjugating enzyme ZmSCE1b protects plants from paraquat toxicity.@Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 211, 111909 – 111919. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111909@Yes$Rego, A. P. J., & Tornisielo, V. L. (2020).@Impacts of heavy metals on soil microbial activity.@Journal of Environment and Ecology, 11(1), 19-25. https://doi.org/10.5296/jee.v11i1.16444@No$Zaghloul, A., Saber, M., Gadow, S., & Awad, F. (2020).@Biological indicators for pollution detection in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.@Bulletin of the National Research Centre, 44, 127-138. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-020-00385-x@Yes$Smitha, M. S., Singh, S., & Singh, R. (2017).@Microbial biotransformation: a process for chemical alterations.@Journal of Bacteriology Mycology, 4(2), 47-51. https://doi.org/10.15406/jbmoa.2017.04.00085@Yes$Jacoby, R., Peukert, M., Succurro, A., Koprivova, A., & Kopriva, S. (2017).@The role of soil microorganisms in plant mineral nutrition - current knowledge and future directions.@Frontier in Plant Science, 8, 1617-1636.  https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01617@Yes$Vilkiene, M., Mockeviciene, I., Karcauskiene, D., Suproniene, S., Doyeni, M. O., & Ambrazaitiene, D. (2021).@Biological indicators of soil quality under different tillage systems in retisol.@Journal of Sustainability, 13(17), 9624-9640. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13179624@No$Pires, C. B., Ciampitti, I. A., Ruiz-Diaz, D. A., Sarto, M. V., & Rice, C. (2021).@Kansas soil health partnership.@Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, 7(5), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.8133@Yes$Rodgers, H. R., Norton, J. B., & Van-Diepen, L. T. A. (2021).@Effects of semiarid wheat agriculture management practices on soil microbial properties: a review.@Agronomy, 11, 852-863. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11050852@Yes$Meena, R. S.,  Kumar, S., Datta, R., Lal, R., Vijayakumar, V., Brtnicky, M., Sharma, M. P., Yadav, G. S., Jhariya, M. K., Jangir, C. K., Pathan, S. I., Dokulilova, T., Pecina, V., & Marfo, T. D. (2020).@Impact of agrochemicals on soil microbiota and management: a review.@MDPI Lands Journal, 9, 34-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9020034@Yes$Joko,T., Anggoro, S., Sunoko, H. R., & Rachmawati, S. (2017).@Pesticides usage in the soil quality degradation potential in Wanasari Subdistrict, Brebes, Indonesia.@Hindawi Applied and Environmental Soil Science Journal, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/5896191@Yes$Ncheuveu, N. T., Asanga-Fai, P. B., Tchamb, M. N., & Ngealekeloeh, F. (2021).@Pesticide use practices and effects on the wetland biodiversity of Ndop, North West Region of Cameroon.@International Journal of Environment and Climate Change, 11(5), 105-116. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2021/v11i530411@No$Escobar, N., Arenas, N. E., & Marquez, S. M. (2020).@Characterization of microbial populations associated with different organic fertilizers.@International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture, 9(27), 209-216. https://doi.org/10.30486/ijrowa.2020.1890242.1022@No$Kramarenko, V. V., Nikitenkov, A. N., Matveenko, I. A., Molokov, V. Y., & Vasilenko, Y. S. (2016).@Determination of water content in clay and organic soil using microwave oven.@Earth and Environmental Science, 43, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/43/1/012029@Yes$Sujatha, K. N., Kavya, G., Manasa, P. & Divya, K. (2016).@Assessment of soil properties to improve water holding capacity in soils.@International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 3(3), 1777-1783. https://www.irjet.net/archives/V3/i3/IRJET-V313373.pdf@Yes$Zain, N. M. M., Mohamad, R. B., Sijam,  K., Morshed, M. M., & Awang, Y. (2013).@Effects of selected herbicides on soil microbial populations in oil palm plantation of Malaysia: a microcosm experiment.@African Journal of Microbiology Research, 7(5), 367-374. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR12.1277@Yes$Busse, M. D., Ratcliff, A. W., Shestak, C. J., & Powers, R. F. (2000).@Non-target effects of glyphosate on soil microbes.@Proceedings of California Weed Science Society, 52, 146-150. https://cwss.org/uploaded/media. pdf/9640-146_2000.pdf@Yes$Ratcliff, A. W., Busse, M. D., & Shestak, C. J. (2006).@Changes in microbial community structure following herbicide (glyphosate) additions to forest soils.@Applied Soil Ecology, 34, 114-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil. 2006.03.002@Yes$Partoazar, M., Hoodaji, M., & Tahmourespour, A. (2011).@The effect of glyphosate application on soil microbial activities in agricultural land.@African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(83), 19419-19424. https://doi.org/10. 5897/AJB11.2440@Yes$Adomako, M. O., & Akyeampong, S. (2016).@Effect of commonly used herbicides on soil microbial population.@Journal of Environmental Earth Science, 6(1), 30-38. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/234664459.pdf@Yes$Oladele, S., & Ayodele, O. (2017).@Glyphosate, 1,1’-dimethyl-4-4’-bipyridium dichloride and atrazine induces changes in soil organic carbon, bacterial and fungal communities in a tropical alfisol.@Eurasian Journal of Soil Science, 6(3), 238-248. https://doi.org/10.18393/ejss. 292581@Yes$Ella, A. B., Iheukwumere, C. C., Oluma, H. O. A., & Ella, F. A. (2017).@Seasonal influence of glyphosate herbicide application on soil bacteria in Benue, State, North Central, Nigeria.@International Journal of Current Research in Biosciences and Plant Biology, 4(12), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcrbp.2017.412.001@Yes$Ubuoh, E. A., Akhionbare, S. M. O., & Akhionbare, W. N. (2012).@Effects of pesticide application on soil microbial spectrum: case study – Fecolart demonstration farm, Owerri-West, Imo State, Nigeria.@International Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences and Engineering, 3(2), 34-39. http://www.ijmse.org/Volume3/Issue2/paper7.pdf@Yes$Sebiomo, A., Ogundero, V. W., & Bankole, S. A. (2011).@Effect of four herbicides on microbial population, soil organic matter and dehydogenase activity.@African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(5), 770-778. https://doi.org/10.5897/ AJB10.989@Yes$Isa, H., Bashir, M., Ibraheem, M., & Marafa, A. M. (2021).@Effect of N-phosphonomethyl-glysine (glyphosate) herbicide on soil microbial population.@Asian Soil Research Journal, 5(3), 21-26. https://doi.org/10.9734/ ASRJ/2021/v5i330109@No$Zabaloy, M. C., Garland, J. L., & Gomez, M. A. (2008).@An integrated approach to evaluate impacts of herbicides glyphosate 2-4-D and metsulfurom-methyl on soil microbial communities in the Pampas Region, Argentina.@Journal of Applied Soil Ecology, 40, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2008.02.004.@Yes$Pal, R., Chakrabarti, K., Chakraborty, A., & Chowdhury, A. (2006).@Degradation and effects of pesticides on soil microbiological parameters – a review.@International Journal of Agricultural Research, 1, 240-258. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijar.2006.240.258@Yes$Feng, D., Malleret, L., Chiavassa, G., Boutin, O., & Soric, A. (2020).@Biodegradation capabilities of acclimated activated sludge towards glyphosate: experimental study and kinetic modeling.@Biochemical Engineering Journal Elsevier, 161, 107643-107650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bej. 2020.107643.hal-02960167.@Yes$Hindersah, R., Condrosari, P., Komarya, A., Suryatmana, P., Mulyani, O., & Haryadi, H. R. (2021).@Role of soil bacterial consortia on glyphosate degradation and growth of maize seedlings.@Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management, 8(2), 2569-2575. https://doi.org/10.15243/ jdmlm.2021.082.2569.@Yes$Raj, S. K., & Syriac, E. K. (2017).@Herbicidal effect on the bio-indicators of soil health – a review.@Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 9(4), 2438-2448. https://doi.org/10. 31018/jans.v9i4.1551@Yes$Anjum, M. M., Ali, N. and Iqbal, S. (2017).@Pesticides and environmental heath: a review.@Agricultural Research and Technology, 5(5): 00106-00109. https://doi.org/10.19080/ ARTOAJ2017.05.555671@Yes$Insuwan, W. and Rangsriwatananon, K. (2017).@Removal of paraquat from aqueous solutions onto zeolite LTL.@Engineering Journal, 21(2): 15-23.@Yes$Kalia, A. and Gosal, S. K. (2011).@Effect of pesticide application on soil microorganisms.@Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 57(6), 569-596.@No
@Short Case Study
<#LINE#>Case Study on Hemoglobin in Girls Students of Jaora College, MP, India<#LINE#>J.R. @Ahirwar,B.S. @Kirade <#LINE#>54-55<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJBS-2021-027.pdf<#LINE#>A.S.C.A., Govt. P.G. College, Niwari, District-Niwari, MP, India@Bhagat Singh, Govt. P.G. College, Jaora, District-Ratlam, MP, India<#LINE#>10/11/2021<#LINE#>22/12/2021<#LINE#>An attempt has been made to analyze the hemoglobin level of girls’ students of Bhagat Singh Govt. P. G. College of Jaora. Blood samples of girls students were collected and measured the level of Hemoglobin. One hundred seventy five (175) girls’ students were included in this study. During this study it was noted that average 61.52% girls’ students were found in anemic conditions. Of these, 75, 72, 70.18, 63.16 and 27.27 percents of girls in the age of 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20 years old were respectively affected by the deficiency of Hemoglobin.<#LINE#>United Nations Administrative Committee on coordination sub – committee on Nutrition fourth report on the world Nutrition situation (2001). Geneva: ACC/SCN in collaboration with international food policy research institute. 26, 85-86.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Junwal Manju and Bhai Ismail (2012).@Studies on anemia hemoglobin HB assays R.B.Cs. count in Ujjain, M.P., and India.@International Research Journals of Biological Sciences, 1(2), 38-42.@Yes$Junwal Manju and Jayshreee Jatwa (2015).@A case study of human anemia in different age group from Ujjain India (M.P.).@Life Science International Research Journals, 2(1), 256-258.@No$Bentley M.E. and P.L. Griffiths (2003).@The burden of anemia among women in India.@European Journal Clinical Nutrition, 57(1), 52-60.@Yes$Singh Rakesh Kumar (2012).@Lifestyle behavior affecting prevalence of anemia among women in EAG states, India.@Journal of Public Health, 21(3), 278-288.@Yes$World Health Organization/ United Nations University/ UNICEF (2001).@Iron deficiency anemia assessment, prevention and control.@A guide for program managers, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland, 1.12.@Yes