@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Bacterial Extracellular Alkaline Proteases and its Industrial Applications<#LINE#>A.D.@Bholay,S.Y.@More,@PatilV.B.,Niranjan@Patil<#LINE#>1-5<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJBS-2012-133.pdf<#LINE#> PG Dept. of Microbiology, K.T.H.M College, Nashik, Pune University, MS, INDIA<#LINE#>7/8/2012<#LINE#>10/8/2012<#LINE#>  Microbial alkaline proteases are among the important hydrolytic enzyme and have been used extensively since the advent of enzymology. Bactrial extracellular alkaline proteases are of great importance due to its wide spectrum applications in detergent industries, bioremediation, food industries, and leather processing and bio-film degradradation. From the various niches eighteen isolates were screened for alkaline protease production, out of which six isolates showed efficient enzyme production.  The ratio of zone diameter to colony diameter of six isolates ranged from 2.11 to 7.33. Out of six two isolates B.pumilus p1 and S.auricularis p18 showed significant enzyme activity. Optimization of the incubation period, pH and temperature conditions for enzyme production were determined and were found to be 72hrs, 8.0- 9.0 and 45C respectively. Optimization of nitrogen sources for enzyme production were determined and was found to be 0.9% for peptone and 0.5% for yeast extract for both the isolates. Enzyme activity was assayed using tyrosine-casein method. The purified enzyme preparations of B.pucilum and S.auricularis  having enzyme activity 0.065U/ml and 0.038U/ml respectively were also excellent in dehairing and depilating of raw leather, recovery of silver from X-ray photographic films and bacterial biofilm degradation.<#LINE#> @ @ Jayraman G. and Shivananda P.,Isolation and characterization of a metal ion- dependant alkaline protease from a halotolerant Bacillus aquimaris VITP4, Indian journal of Biochemistry and biophysics, 48, 95-100 (2011) @No $ @ @ I. Res. J. Biological Sci.          International Science Congress Association 5significant haloalkaline protease from bacillus sp. Jsgt isolated from decaying skin of tannery, Adv. Lab. Res. Biol. 1(1), 60-67 (2010) @No $ @ @ Gupta R., Beg Q.K. and Lorenz P., Bacterial alkaline proteases: molecular approaches and industrial applications, Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 15–32 (2002) @No $ @ @ Andjayanthi C.,Alkaline protease production by bacillus licheniformis and bacillus coagulans, Journal of Cell and Tissue Research, 10(1), 2119-2123 (2010) @No $ @ @ Naidu Krishna Suresh Babu, Devi Kodidhela LakshmiOptimization of thermostable alkaline protease production from species of Bacillus using rice bran, African Journal of Biotechnology,4(7), 724-726 (2005) @No $ @ @ Maged Ahmad S.,production of thermostable alkaline protease from an alkaline-resistant streptomyces International journal of academic research, 3(5), II Part  394-404 (2011) @No $ @ @ Kuddus M. and Ramteke P.W., Production optimization of an extracellular cold-active alkaline protease from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia MTCC 7528 and its application in detergent industry, African Journal of Microbiology Research, 5(7), 809-816 (2011) @No $ @ @ Mukhtar H. and Ikram-ul-uaq,Production of alkaline protease by bacillus subtilis and its application as a depilating agent in leather processing, Pak. J. Bot., 40(4),1673-1679 (2008) @No $ @ @ Shankar S.S. Shankar S.V. More R. and Seeta Laxman,Recovery of silver from waste x-ray film by alkaline protease from conidiobolus coronatus, Kathmandu university journal of science, engineering and technology,6(1), 60-69 (2010) @No $ @ @ Leslie Andrew,Preventing biofilm formation using microbes and their enzymes, MMG 445 Basic Biotechnology, 6-11 (2011) @No $ @ @ Gizachew Haile Gidamoalkaline protease production by new alkaliphilic microbial isolate under solid state fermentation (2009) @No $ @ @ Srinubabu G., Lokeswari N. and Jayaraju K., Screening of Nutritional Parameters for the Production of Protease from Aspergillus Oryzae, E-Journal of Chemistry, 4(2), 208-215(2007) @No $ @ @ Vishwanatha T., Jain S.N, Reena V., Divyashree B.C., Siddalingeshwara K.G., Karthic J2 and Sudipta K.M.,Screening of substrates for protease production from bacillus licheniformis, International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology,2(11),  6550-6554 (2010) @No $ @ @ Guravaiah M., Prabhakar T., Prameela C.H., Santhoshi Kumari C.H. and Guravaiah M.V., Screening, Isolation and Production of Protease by Marine Actinomycetes, Advanced Biotech, 10(02), 07-13 (2010) @No $ @ @ Chitra M., Saravanan D., Radhakrishnan M. and Balagurunathan R.,Effect of Critical Medium Components on Protease and Agarase Production from Pigmented Marine Pseudoalteromonas species, International Journal of chemtech Research, 3(2), 614-619 (2011) @No $ @ @ Kumari B.L., Vijetha P. and Sudhakar P., Optimization of physico-chemical properties for production of alkaline protease from fusarium graminearum, Recent Research in Science and Technology, 2(4),2076-5061 (2010) @No $ @ @ Devi M.K., Banu A.R., Gnanaprabhal G.R, Pradeep B.V. and Palaniswamy M., Purification, characterization of alkaline protease enzyme from native isolate Aspergillus niger and its compatibility with commercial detergents, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 1(7)(2008) @No $ @ @ Gouda K.,Optimization and purification of alkaline protease produced by Marine Bacillus sp. MIG Newly Isolated from Eastern Harbour of Alexandria, Polish Journal of microbiology,55(2), 119-126 (2006) @No $ @ @ Coral G., Arikan B., Unaldi M.N. and Guvenmez H.,Thermostable alkaline protease produced by an Aspergillus niger strain, Annals of Microbiology, 53(4), 491-498 (2003) @No $ @ @ Gehan M., Abou-Elela1, Hassan A.H. Ibrahim Sahar W. Hassan1, Hanan Abd-Elnaby and Nabil M.K. El-Toukhy Alkaline protease production by alkaliphilic marine bacteria isolated from Marsa-Matrouh (Egypt) with special emphasis on Bacillus cereus purified protease, African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(22), 4631-4642 (2011) @No $ @ @ Yannick Lequette, Gauthier Boels, Martine Clarisse, Christine Faille, Using enzyme to remove biofilm of bacterial isolate sampled in food-industry, Biofouling, 26(4),421–431 (2010) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Seed Germination and Seedling Vigour in Asparagus sprengeri Regelin<#LINE#>@DhoranV.S.,S.P.@Gudadhe<#LINE#>6-10<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJBS-2012-147.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Botany, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati, MS, INDIA<#LINE#>21/8/2012<#LINE#>27/8/2012<#LINE#>  Asparagus sprengeri Regelin is a rounded, herbaceous perennial and used in landscape for its attractive, fine textured foliage. Asparagus sprengeri Regelin  commonly known as Asparagus fern, which is not a true fern. It reproduces by seed. The active ingredients are present in roots of the plant. Seed germination is slow. Hence, the present investigation was carried out to study the influence of different growth regulators on seed germination, root, shoot and leaf length, weight and vigour index. The seeds were soaked in different growth regulators like Indole-3-Acetic Acid, Indol-3-Butyric Acid,  -naphthalene Acetic Acid and various concentrations of gibberellic acid to evaluate their effect on germination. It was found that GA3 had a significant effect on germination rate as compared to control, IAA, IBA and NAA during light and dark period.  The result indicates that GA at 50 ppm gave best response but as the concentration increased above 60 ppm the germination decreased rapidly and vigour index also decreased during light and dark period. <#LINE#> @ @ Jessop J.P., The genus Asparagus in Southern Africa, Bothalia,9, 31-96 (1966) @No $ @ @ Jamieson H.G., Kirtenbosch National Botanical Garden South Africa (2002) @No $ @ @ Vijay N. and Kumar A., Improving growth and productivity of Asparagus racemosus: Effect of N.P.K. and  Growth  regulators, Phytmorphology, 55(1&2)(2004) @No $ @ @ Abdul-Baki A.A. and Anderson J.D., Vigour determination in Soyabean seed by multiple criteria, Crop Sci,13(6), 630-633 (1973) @No $ @ @ Ashraf M. and Foolad M.R., Presowing seed treatment – A shotgun approach to improve germination, plant growth, and crop yield under saline and non saline conditions, Advances in Agronomy, 88, 223-271 (2005) @No $ @ @ Ahmed A.K., Johnson K.A., Burchett M.D. and Kenny B.J., The effects of heat, smoke, leaching, scarification, temperature and Nacl salinity on the germination of Solanum central (the Ausralian bush tomato), Seed Science and Technology, 34, 33-45 (2006) @No $ @ @ Khan A.A., The Physiology and Biochemistry of Seed Dormancy and Germination, Elsevier Scientific Publications Co. Amsterdam, 477 (1977) @No $ @ @ Verma A.N. and Tandon P., Effect of growth regulators on germination and seedling growth of Pinus kesiya and Schima khosiana,Indian Journal of Forestry,11, 32-36 (1988) @No $ @ @ Copeland L.O. and McDonald M.B., Principles of Seed Science and Technology 4th edn. Kluwer Academic Publisher press (2001) @No $ @ @ Heydecker W., Higgins J. and Turner Y.J., Invigouration of seeds, Seed Science and Technology, 3, 881-888 (1975) @No $ @ @ Banerji U.K. Germination of Melia azedarach seed with IAA, IBA, and GA. Indian forester,124(3), 220-222 (1998) @No $ @ @ Shnmungavelu K.G., Effect of gibberellic acid on seed germination and development of seedling of some tree species, Madras Agri- J., 57, 311-314 (1970) @No $ @ @ Singh M., Sigh G.N., Singh L.N., Singh B.N., Effect of GA on seed germination in mosambi (Citrus sinensisosbeck), Haryana J. Horti. Sci., 18, 29-33 (1989) @No $ @ @ Thomas S.G., Rieu I. and Steber C.M., Gibberellin metabolism and signaling, Vitam Horm,72, 289-338 (2005) @No $ @ @ Bewley J.D. and Black M., Seeds: Physiology of Development and Germination, Plenum, New York (1994) @No $ @ @ Bullowa S., Negbi M. and Ozeri Y., Role of temperature, light and growth regulators in germination in Anemone coronaria L., Aust. J. Plant Physiol.,1, 91-100 (1975) @No $ @ @ Nath S., Coolbear P. and Hampton D., Hydration- dehydration treatment to protect repair stored ‘Karamu’ wheat seeds, Crop. Sci., 31, 822-826 (1991) @No $ @ @ Rudrapal D., and Nakamura S., The hydration-dehydration pretreatments on egg plant and radish seed viability and vigour, Seed Sci. Technol., 16, 123-130 (1988) @No $ @ @ Khan A.A., Preplant physiological seed conditioning, Hort. Rev., 14, 131-181 (1992) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Genetic variations among Ecologically diverse species of Anurans at the level of Genus based on ISSR Marker<#LINE#>K.@SanthoshKumar,Kusuma@Lingaiah,Ramach@,@raN.B.,Mala@NairVijay<#LINE#>11-19<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJBS-2012-151.pdf<#LINE#>1* Department of Studies and Research inApplied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangalore, INDIA  Genomics Laboratory, Department of Studies in Zoology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, INDIA<#LINE#>29/8/2012<#LINE#>4/10/2012<#LINE#>  Anurans (frogs and toads) collected from South Kanara, Udupi and North Kanara districts, Karnataka viz: Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis (an aquatic), Fejervarya rufescens (a burrowing), Duttaphrynus melanostictus (a terrestrial), Fejervarya caperata (a semi aquatic), Ramanella montana (a semi arboreal) and Polypedates maculatus (an arboreal) belonging to five genera placed under four families were compared using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) marker to analyze genetic variability and relationship between the investigated taxa. ISSR profile obtained exhibited 100% presence of polymorphic bands.The ISSR bands could also be categorized as high (H), moderate (M) and light (L) based on the intensity of amplification. Dendrograms were generated using similarity coefficient and relationship coefficient values based on the count of only high or high and moderate or high, moderate and light bands in each case. Analysis of the data suggests that the genetic relatedness between the taxa as exhibited in the generated dendrograms varies based on the type of amplified bands considered. The clustering pattern obtained in the case of high and moderate bands was more close to the conventional taxonomical pattern of grouping based on thephenotypic characters. The specific unique bands present in each case may be of importance as molecular markers. Observed genetic variability (presence/absence, total number, intensity of amplification and size of polymorphic bands) among taxa probably provide factors contributing partially to diverse adaptive fitness supporting varied ecological demands. However, an intensive study incorporating more representive species from each of the habitat is needed to pinpoint the importance of the unique bands as the genus / species / ecological molecular markers.  <#LINE#> @ @ Kaur B., Wadhwani C., Charaya P. and Malik C. P., Markers used in diversity, In: Crop breeding and Biotechnology, 1stEd, Pointer publisher, Jaipur, India, 65-107 (2009) @No $ @ @ Godwin I.D., Aitken E.A.B. and Smith L.W., Application of inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers to plant genetics, Electrophoresis, 18, 1524-1528 (1997) @No $ @ @ I. Res. J. Biological Sci.          International Science Congress Association 19northern leopard frog populations in the south western USA, Mol Ecol, 521–529 (1996) @No $ @ @ Dever J.A., Fine-scale genetic structure in the threatened foothill yellow legged frog (Rana boylii), J Herpetol, 41(1)168–173 (2007) @No $ @ @ Arruda M.P. and Versute E.M., Cytogenetic and random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of Leptodactylus species from rural and urban environments (Anura, Amphibia), Genet Mol Res, 7 (1)161-176 (2008) @No $ @ @ Silva D.M., Cruz A.D., Bastos R.P., Telles M.P.C., Diniz-Filho J.A.F.,  Morphometric and genetic differentiation among populations of Eupemphix nattereri (Amphibia,Anura, Leiuperidae) from central Brazil, Iheringia Ser Zool, Porto Alegre98(4)493-500 (2008) @No $ @ @ Padhye A., Anushree J., Manawa D. and Neelesh D., Population variations in the fungoid frog Hylarana malabarica(Anura: Ranidae) from Northern Western Ghats of India, Journal of Threatened Taxa, 4(2)2343-2352 (2012) @No $ @ @ Jehle R. and Arntzen J.W., Microsatellite markers in Amphibian conservation genetics, Herpetol J, 12, 1-9 (2002) @No $ @ @ Meenakshi K., Remya R., George S., DNA barcoding and microsatellite marker development for Nyctibatrachus major: the threatened amphibian species, ACM Digital Library, 312 (2010) @No $ @ @ Nair A., Santhosh K.K., Sanil G., Gopalan S.V., Li M.H., Leder E.H. and Merila J., Sixty-two new microsatellite markers for an endemic frog Indirana beddomii from the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, Conservation Genet Resour, 167–171 (2011) @No $ @ @ Raveendran R., Gopalan S.V. and George S., Twelve new microsatellite markers of Fejervarya keralensis, an endemic frog from Western Ghats, India, Biotechnol Bioinf Bioeng1(3)401-403 (2011) @No $ @ @ Zhang H., Yan J., Zhang G. and Zhou K., Phylogeography and Demographic history of chinese black-spotted frog populations Pelophylaxnigromaculata): Evidence for independent refugia expansion and secondary contact, BMC Evol Biol, 21-37 (2008) @No $ @ @ Zietkiewicz E., Rafalski A. and Labuda D., Genome fingerprinting by simple sequence repeat (SSR)-anchored polymerase chain reaction amplification, Genomics, 20(2)176-183 (1994) @No $ @ @ Nei M. and Li W.H., Mathematical model for study genetic variation in term of restriction endonucleases, P Natl Acad Sci USA, 765269-5273 (1979) @No $ @ @ Hammer O., Harper D.A.T. and Ryan P.D., PAST: Paleontological Statistics Software Package for Education and Data Analysis, Palaeontol Electron, 4(1), 1-9 (2001) @No $ @ @ Gao H., Yang R., Zhao W. and Pan Y.,  A new method for calculating molecular genetic similarity, Nature and Science, 3(1), 71-74 (2005) @No $ @ @ Nei M., Genetic distance between populations, Am Nat, 106, 283–292, (1972) @No $ @ @ Yeh F.C., Yang R.C., Boyle T.B.J., Ye Z.H. and Mao J.X.,  POPGENE, the User-Friendly Shareware for Population Genetic Analysis. Version 1.21. Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Center, University of Alberta, Canada, Online at http://www.ualberta.ca/~fyeh&#x-6.7;ᤇ (1997) @No $ @ @ Kemp S., PIC Calculator Extra, www.genomics.liv.ac.uk/ animal/pic.htm&#x-6.7;ᤇ (2002) @No $ @ @ Rabet S.M., Henaut Y., Dor A., Lachaud G.P., Pelissier C., Gers C. and Legal L., ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats) as molecular markers to study genetic diversity in tarantulas (Araneae, Mygalomorphae), The Journal of Arachnology, 3710–14 (2009) @No $ @ @ Clark A.G. and Lanigan C.M.S., Prospects for estimating nucleotide divergence with RAPDs, Mol Biol Evol, 10 (5)1096-1111(1993) @No $ @ @ Sebastian V.A., Cruz L.D., Subramanian R.B. and Braganza V.J., Assessment of genetic diversity within and among populations of Tylophora rotundifolia using RAPD markers, Gene Conserve, 3694-117(2010) @No $ @ @ Nagylaki T., Fixation indices in subdivided populations, Genetics, 1481325-1332 (1998) @No $ @ @ Anand A., Rao C.S., Eganathan P., Kumar N.A. and Swaminathan M.S., Saving an endangered taxan: Syzygium travancoricum Gamble: A case study focusing on its genetic diversity, and reintroduction, Physiol Mol Bio Plants, 10233-242 (2004) @No $ @ @ Bossuyt F. and Milinkovitch M.C., Convergent adaptive radiations in Madagascan and Asian ranid frogs reveal covariation between larval and adult traits, PNAS, 97(12), 6585-6590 (2000) @No $ @ @ Rodrigues F.M., Jose A.F.D.F., Luiz A.M.B. and Rogerio P.B., Hypothesis testing of genetic similarity based on RAPD data using Mantel tests and model matrices, Genet Mol  Biol, 25(4)435-439 (2002) @No $ @ @ Frost D. Amphibian Species of the World 5.5, Online Reference,http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibian/?action=namesandtaxon=andfamily=andsubfamily=andgenus=andcommname=andauthority=andyear=andgeo=107anddist=Karnatakaandcomment=&#x-6.7;ᤇ (2011) @No $ @ @ Waldman B. and Tocher M., Behavioural ecology, genetic diversity, and declining amphibian populations. In Behavioural ecology and conservation biology, Caro T (eds) Oxford University Press: Oxford, 394-448 (1997) @No $ @ @ Driscoll D.A., Genetic neighbourhood and effective population size for two endangered frogs, Biol Cons, 88221-229 (1999) @No $ @ @ Scribner K.T., Arntzen J.W., Burke T., Cruddace N. and Oldham R.S., Environmental correlates of toad abundance and population genetic diversity, Biol Cons, 98201-210 (2001) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Antifungal activity of Ocimum canum Essential oil against Toxinogenic Fungi isolated from Peanut Seeds in post-harvest in Benin<#LINE#>S.@AdjouEuloge,Sandrine@Kouton,Edwige@Dahouenon-Ahoussi,C.K.@SohounhloueDominique,M.@SoumanouMohamed<#LINE#>20-26<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJBS-2012-152.pdf<#LINE#>  The aim of this study is to evaluate the inhibition of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus isolated from peanut and their aflatoxin production exposed to the essential oils extracted from fresh leaves of Ocimum canum. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) of the oil were determined. The essential oil was found to be strongly fungicidal and inhibitory to aflatoxin production. Through    GC/MS analysis, an amount of   30 components were identified, representing almost 95.2% of the oil. Essential oil of O. canum was characterized by major components such as terpinene-4-ol (41.18%), linalol (14.7%) and -terpinène (6.9%). This plant offers novel approach to the management of storage fungi  <#LINE#>31/8/2012<#LINE#>10/9/2012<#LINE#>  The aim of this study is to evaluate the inhibition of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus isolated from peanut and their aflatoxin production exposed to the essential oils extracted from fresh leaves of Ocimum canum. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) of the oil were determined. The essential oil was found to be strongly fungicidal and inhibitory to aflatoxin production. Through    GC/MS analysis, an amount of   30 components were identified, representing almost 95.2% of the oil. Essential oil of O. canum was characterized by major components such as terpinene-4-ol (41.18%), linalol (14.7%) and -terpinène (6.9%). This plant offers novel approach to the management of storage fungi  <#LINE#> @ @ Siddiqui H.H., Safety of herbal drugs-an overview, Drugs News and Views, 1(2), 7–10 (1993) @No $ @ @ I. Res. J. Biological Sci.          International Science Congress Association 252.Reddy B.N., Raghavender C.R., Outbreaks of aflatoxicoses in India, Afr. J. Food Agric.,Nutr. Dev., 7(5), 1–15 (2007) @No $ @ @ Santos C.C.M., Lopes M.R.V. and Kosseki S.Y., Ocorreˆncia de aflatoxinas em amendoim e produtos de amendoim comercializados na regia~o de Sa~o Jose´ de Rio Preto/SP, Revista do Instituto Adolfo Lutz, 60(2), 153–157 (2001) @No $ @ @ IARC, Some naturally occurring substances: Food items and constituents, heterocyclic aromatic amines and mycotoxins, IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans, 56 International Agency for Research on Cancer, 489–521 (1993) @No $ @ @ Rasooli I. and Abyaneh M.R., Inhibitory effects of thyme oils on growth and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus parasiticus,Food Control, 15, 479–483 (2004) @No $ @ @ Atanda S.A., Aina J.A., Agoda S.A., Usanga O.E. andPessu P.O., Mycotoxin Management in Agriculture: a Review, J. Anim. Sci. Adv., , 250-260 (2012) @No $ @ @ Rasooli I., Fakoor M.H., Yadegarinia D., Gachkar L., Allameh A. and Rezaei M.B., Antimycotoxigenic characteristics of Rosmarinus officinalis and Trachyspermum copticum L. essential oils, Int. J. Food Microbiol, 122, 135–139 (2008) @No $ @ @ Burt S., Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods-a review, Int. J. Food Microbiol.,94, 223–253 (2004) @No $ @ @ Martins A.P., Salgueiro L., Vila R., Tomi F., Canigueral S., Casanova J., Proenca-da-Cunha A. and Adzet T., Composition of the essential oils of Ocimum canum, Ocimum gratissimum and Ocimum minimum,Planta Med., 65, 187–189 (1999) @No $ @ @ Adams R.P., Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography 	\n\n\r\r	\r	IL: Allured Publishing Corporation (2007) @No $ @ @ N’guyen M.T.,Identification des espèces de moisissures potentiellement productrices de mycotoxines dans le riz commercialisé dans cinq provinces de la région centrale du Vietman: Etude des conditions pouvant induire la production de mycotoxines, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse (INPT), Thèse de doctorat, 147 (2007) @No $ @ @ Davis N.D., Iyer S.K. and Diener U.L., Improved method of screening for aflatoxins with coconut agar medium, Appl.  Environ. Microb., 53, 1593-1595 (1987) @No $ @ @ Attanda O.O., Development of diagnostic medium for direct visual determination of aflatoxin and its control using traditional spices, PhD thesis, University of Agriculture, Department of microbiology, Abaokuta, Nigeria, 217 (2005) @No $ @ @ Adjou E.S., Yehouenou B., Sossou C.M., de Souza C.A. and Soumanou M.M., Occurrence of mycotoxins and associated mycoflora in peanut cakes products (kluiklui) marketed in Benin, Afr. J. Biotechnol.,(2012) @No $ @ @ , in press15.de Billerbeck V.G., Roques C.G., Bessière J.M., Fonvieille J.L. and Dargent R., Effect of Cymbopogon nardus (L) W. Watson essential oil on the growth and morphogenesis of Aspergillus niger, Can. J.  Microbiol., 47, 9–17 (2001) @No $ @ @ Kumar R., Mishra A.K., Dubey N.K. and Tripathi Y.B., Evaluation of Chenopodium ambrosioides oil as a potential source of antifungal, antiaflatoxigenic and antioxidant activity, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 115, 159–164 (2007) @No $ @ @ Yin M.C. and Tsao S.M., Inhibitory effect of seven Allium plants upon three Aspergillus species, Int.J. Food Microbiol., 49, 49–56 (1999) @No $ @ @ Attanda O.O., Ogunrinu M.C. and Olorunfemi F.M., A neutral red desiccated coconut agar for rapid detection of aflatoxigenic fungi and visual determination of aflatoxins, World Mycotox. J., 4(2), 147-155 (2011) @No $ @ @ Adjou E.S., Dahouenon-Ahoussi E., Degnon R., Soumanou M.M. and Sohounhloue D.C.K., Investigations on bioactivity of essential oil of Ageratum conyzoides L., from Benin against the growth of fungi and aflatoxin production,  Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res.,13(1), 143-148 (2012) @No $ @ @ Voda K., Boh B., Vrta-cnik M. and Pohleven F., Effect of the antifungal activity of oxygenated aromatic essential oil compounds on the white-rot Trametes versicolor and the brown-rot Coniophora puteana, Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad., 51, 51–59 (2003) @No $ @ @ Marotti M., Dellacecca V., Piccaglia R. and Giovanelli E., Agronomic and chemical evaluation of three varieties of Foeniculum vulgare Mill, Presented at First World Congress on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants for Human Welfare, Maastricht, The Netherlands, 19–25 (1992) @No $ @ @ Suhr K.I. and Nielsen P.V., Antifungal activity of essential oils evaluated by two different application techniques against rye bread spoilage fungi, J. Appl. Microbiol., 94(4), 665–674 (2003) @No $ @ @ Caballero B., Trugo L.C. and Finglas P.M., Encyclopedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Amsterdam: Academic Press (2003) @No $ @ @ Bagamboula C.F., Uyttendaele M. and Debevere J., Inhibitory effect of thyme and basil essential oils, carvacrol, thymol, estragol, linalool and p-cymene towards Shigellason- nei and S. flexneri.  Food Microbiol., 21, 33–42 (2004) @No $ @ @ Dorman H.J.D. and Deans S.G., Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils, J. Appl.Microbiol., 88, 308–316 (2000) @No $ @ @ Ultee A., Bennik M.H.J. and Moezelaar R., The phenolic hydroxyl group of carvacrol is essential for action against the foodborne pathogen Bacillus cereus, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 68, 1561–1568 (2002) @No $ @ @ I. Res. J. Biological Sci.          International Science Congress Association 2627.Ben Arfa A., Combes S., Preziosi-Belloy L., Gontard N. and Chalier P., Antimicrobial activity of carvacrol related to its chemical structure, Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 43, 149–154 (2006) @No $ @ @ Veldhuizen E.J.A., Tjeerdsma-Van T., Bokhoven J.L.M., Zweijtzer C., Burt S.A. and Haagsman H.P., Structural requirements for the antimicrobial activity of carvacrol,  J. Agric. Food Chem., 54, 1874–1879 (2006) @No $ @ @ Rhayour K., Bouchikhi T., Tantaoui-Elaraki A., Sendide K. and Remmal A., The mechanism of bactericidal action of oregano and clove essential oils and of their phenolic major components on Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, J. Essent.Oil Res., 15, 356–362 (2003) @No $ @ @ Bassolé I.H.N., Lamien-Meda A., Bayala B., Tirogo S., Franz C., Novak J., Nebié R.C. and Dicko M.H., Composition and antimicrobial activities of Lippia multiflora Moldenke, Mentha x piperita L. and Ocimum basilicum L. essential oils and their major monoterpene alcohols alone and in combination, Molecules, 15, 7825–7839 (2010) @No $ @ @ Bakkali F., Averbeck S., Averbeck D. and Idaomar M., Biological effects of essential oils – a review, Food Chem. Toxicol., 46, 446–475 (2008) @No $ @ @ Prakash B., Shukla R., Singh P., Mishra P.K., Dubey N.K. and Kharwar R.N., Efficacy of chemically characterized Ocimum gratissimum L. essential oil as an antioxidant and a safe plant based antimicrobial against fungal and aflatoxin B1 contamination of spices, Food Res. Int., 10, 128 -132 (2010) @No $ @ @ Sessou P., Farougou S., Azokpota P., Youssao I. and  Sohounhloué D., In vitro antifungal activities of Essential oils extracted from Fresh Leaves of Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Ocimum gratissimum against foodborne pathogens for their use as traditional cheese wagashi conservatives, Res. J. Recent Sci., 1(9), 67-73 (2012) @No $ @ @ Sessou P., Farougou S., Alitonou G., Djenontin T.S., Yèhouénou B., Azokpota P., Youssao I. and Sohounhloué D., Chemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oil of fresh leaves of Ocimum gratissimum from Benin against six mycotoxigenic fungi isolated from traditional cheese wagashi, I. Res. J. Biological Sci. 1(4), 22-27(2012) @No $ @ @ Avlessi F., Alitonou G.A., Djenontin T.S., Tchobo F., Yèhouénou B., Menut C. and Sohounhloué D., Chemical composition and biological activities of the essential oil extracted from the fresh leaves of Chromolaena odorata (L. Robinson) growing in Benin, ISCA J. Biological Sci. 1(3), 7-13 (2012) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Diversity of zooplankton in Lower Manair reservoir, Karimnagar, AP, India<#LINE#>M.@Thirupathaiah,@Sravanthy.Ch,Ch@Sammaiah.<#LINE#>27-32<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJBS-2012-154.pdf<#LINE#> Environmental Biology Lab, Department of zoology, Kakatiya University, Warangal-506 009, AP, INDIA<#LINE#>3rd/9/2012<#LINE#>6/9/2012<#LINE#>  Diversity of zooplankton in the lower Manair reservoir was studied September 2010 to August 2011. Samples were collected monthly using plankton net (mesh size 50µm) at four different stations.  A total of 34 species of zooplankton belonging to 16 species of rotifera, 8 species of cladocera, 6 species of copepoda, 2 species of ostrocoda and 2 species of protozoa were identified. Species diversity (H), evenness (E) and species richness (S) for different months were calculated. <#LINE#> @ @ Sinha B. and Islam M.R., Seasonal variation in zooplankton population of two lentic bodies and Assam State Zoo cum Botanical garden, Guwahati, Assam, Eco. Environ. Cons., , 273-278 (2002) @No $ @ @ Kadam S.S. and Tiwari L.R., Zooplankton Composition in Dahanu Creek-West Coast of India, Research Journal of Recent Sciences., 1(5), 62-65 (2012) @No $ @ @ Marine Biology Organisation (MBO), (2007) @No $ @ @ : Zooplankton Retrieved Sept. 29. (2006) @No $ @ @ Retrieved from: http://www.marinebiocom/oceans/zooplankton.asp.62k. 4.Jalilzadeh A.K.K., Yamakanamardi S.M. and Altaff K., Abundance of zooplankton in three contrasting lake of Mysore city, Karnataka state, India, Sengupta M. and Dalwan R (eds.) Proceedings of  Taal 2007: The 12 th World lake Conference: 464-469 (2008) @No $ @ @ 5.Goswami A.P. and Mankodi P.C., Study on Zooplankton of Fresh Water Reservoir Nyari-II Rajkot district, Gujarat, India, ISC Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(1), 30-34 (2012) @No $ @ @ 6.Davies, O.A., Tawari C.C. and Abowei J.F.N., Zooplankton of Elechi Creek, Niger Delta Nigeria, Environ. Ecol., 26(4c), 2441-2346 (2008) @No $ @ @ 7.Neves I.F., Recha O., Roche K.F. and Pinto A.A., Zooplankton community structure of two marginal lakes of the river Cuiaba (Mato Grosso, Brazil) with analysis of Rotifera and Cladocera diversity, Braz. J. Biol., 63, 1-20 (2003) @No $ @ @ 8.Contreas J.J., Sarma S.S.S., Merino M., Ibarra and S. Nandini, Seasonal changes in the rotifer (Rotifera) diversity from a tropical high altitude reservoir (Valle de Bravo, Maxico), J. Environ. Biol., 30, 191-195 (2009) @No $ @ @ 9.Adoni A.D., Work book on limnology. Pratibha Publishers C-10 Gour Nagar, Sagar-470 003, India, 216 (1985) @No $ @ @ 0.Michael R.G. and Sharma B.K., Fauna of India. Indian Cladocera (Crustacea: Brachinous: Cladocera), The Technical and General Press, India, 262 (1998) @No $ @ @ Edmondson W.T., Freshwater biology 2nd Ed. USA. John Wiley and Sons, Ins New York (1963) @No $ @ @ 2.Pennak R.W., Field and experimental limnology of three Colorado maintain lakes, Ecology, 19(3), 505-520 (1968) @No $ @ @ 3.Dhanapathi M.V. S.S.S., Taxonomic notes on the rotifers from India, IAAB, Hyderabad, 1-78 (2000) @No $ @ @ 4.Altaff K., A manual of Zooplankton University Grants commission, New Delhi (2004) @No $ @ @ 5.Somani Vaishali, Quadros Goldin and Pejaver Madhuri.K., Occurrence of Rotifers and its Relation to the water Quality during the Bioremediation process in Lake Kacharali, Thane, MS, India, ISCA Journal of Biological Science, 1(3), 54-58 (2012) @No $ @ @ 6.Goel P.K. and Charan V.R., Studies on the liminology of polluted fresh water tank, InB.Gopan, and V. Asthana (Eds) Aquatic Sciences in India (pp 51-64) @No $ @ @ , Indian Association for liminology and Oceanography, (1991) @No $ @ @ 7.Bazmi Shaukat Hussain Md, Shahabuddin Md. Alam Mumtaz and Sayeed Akhtar S.M., Seasonal fluctuation of zooplankton community in relation to certain physico-chemical parameters of river Bagmati of Darbhanga, Bihar, Environ. Ecol. 29(2A0), 922-925 (2011) @No $ @ @ 18.Pandey B.N., Jha A.K. and Pandey K., Zooplankton community in relation to certain physico-chemical factors of Kosi, Purnes, Bihar, Environ. Ecol., 12, 563-567 (1994) @No $ @ @ 9.Okogwu I.O., Seasonal variations of species composition and abundance of zooplankton in Eboma Lake, Floodplain Lake in Nigeria, Rev. Biol. Trop., 58(1), 171-182 (2010) @No $ @ @ 0.Chauhan R., Seasonal fluctuation of zooplanktons in Renuka lake Himachala Pradesh, Utter Pradesh J. Zool., 113(1), 17-20 (1993) @No $ @ @ 1.Mahor R.K., Diversity and seasonal fluctuation of zooplankton in fresh water reservoir Tighra Gwalior (M.P), International Reseach Journal,2(19), 24-25 (2011) @No $ @ @ Krishnamoorthi A. and Selvakumar S., Seasonal fluctuation of zooplankton community in relation to certain physico-chemical parameters of Veeranam lake in Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu, Iner. J. Resea. Enviro. Scie. Tech., 2(2), 22-26 (2012) @No $ @ @ 3.Soruba R., Ecology of water bodies formed by limestone mining in and around Ariyalure, Ph.D., Thesis, Bharathidasan University, (2002) @No $ @ @ I. Res. J. Biological Sci.          International Science Congress Association 30Table-1 Diversity of zooplankton groups recorded in Lower Manair Reservoir during study period Groups Family Species RotiferaBrachionidae Brachionus angularis (Gosse,1851) @No $ @ @ Brachionus calyciflorus (Pallas, 1766) @No $ @ @ Brachionus caudatus aculeatus(Haner, 1937) @No $ @ @ Brachionus diersicornis(Daday, 1883) @No $ @ @ Brachionus quadridentata (Hermann, 1783) @No $ @ @ Keratella cochlearis (Gosse,1851) @No $ @ @ Keratella tropica (Apstein, 1907) @No $ @ @ Lecanidae Lecane lunaris (Ehrenberg,1982) @No $ @ @ Lacane monostyla (Daday, 1897) @No $ @ @ Gastropodidae Gastropus minor (Rousselet 1892) @No $ @ @ Asplanchnidae Ascomorpha ovalis (Begendal, 1892) @No $ @ @ Asplanchna sp Synchaetidae Synchaeta sp   Polyarthra vulgaris (Carlin, 1943) @No $ @ @ Philodinidae Philodina citrine (Ehrenberg) Testudinellidae Filinia longiseta (Ehrenberg)CladoceraDaphnidae Daphania pulex Daphania carinata Monia micrua (Kurz) Monia brachiata Bosminidae Bosmina. Sp Chydoridae Alona pulchella (King) Alona intermedia (Sars) Alonella. spCopepodaDiaptomidae Cyclopoid copepodite Diaptomus pallidus Neodiaptomus sp Cyclopidae Cyclops sp Mesocyclops spNauplius larva OstracodaCyprididae Cypris sp   Stenocypris spProtozoa Parameciidae Paramecium caudatum  Vorticellidae Vorticella campanula Table-2 Diversity indices of Zooplankton in Lower Manair Reservoir (September 2010 to August 2011) Month  Rotifera Cladocera Copepoda Ostracoda Protozoa H E S H E S H E S H E S H E S Sep-10 1.54 1.03 2.05 1.39 0.95 1.66 0 0 0 0.65 0.35 0.37 0 0 0 Oct 2.51 1.56 3.59 1.97 1.16 1.78 1.26 0.43 1.51 0.63 0.34 0.36 0.67 0.80 0.44 Nov 2.22 1.38 3.29 1.70 0.71 1.68 1.28 0.50 1.20 0.54 0.28 0.32 0.63 0.39 0.91 Dec 2.42 1.53 3.51 1.36 0.50 1.68 1.39 0.71 1.07 0.63 0.39 0.40 0.69 0.99 0.72 Jan-11 2.36 1.24 2.88 1.91 1.08 1.71 1.69 0.77 1.22 0.68 0.35 0.37 0.67 0.80 0.44 Feb 2.36 1.67 2.90 1.94 1.47 1.93 1.53 0.91 1.29 0.65 0.35 0.37 0.67 0.80 0.44 Mar 2.46 1.74 3.22 1.93 1.51 2.37 1.67 0.78 1.23 0.56 0.26 0.31 0.71 0.76 0.55 Apr 2.33 1.74 3.46 1.84 1.70 2.21 1.66 0.71 1.18 0.39 0.43 0.36 0.63 0.38 0.91 May 2.18 1.47 3.00 1.71 0.98 1.87 1.34 0.83 1.17 0.63 0.72 0.55 0.69 0 1.44 June 1.53 1.58 3.39 1.69 1.25 2.17 1.52 1.29 1.82 0.56 0.62 0.48 0.63 0.38 0.91 July 2.18 1.69 3.17 1.73 0.92 2.00 1.58 0.95 1.48 0.52 0.58 0.45 0 0 0 Aug 1.55 1.49 1.92 1.19 0.84 1.78 1.62 1.40 1.55 0.59 0.36 0.37 0.67 0.80 0.44 H=Shannon-Weiner diversity index, E=Evenness diversity index, S= Species richness International Research Journal of Biological Sciences ________________________________________________Vol. 1(7), 27-32, November (2012) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Describing body shapes of the white goby, Glossogobius giuris of Lake Buluan in Mindanao, Philippines using landmark-based geometric morphometric analysis<#LINE#>Dorado@EmmaL.,@MarkAnthonyJ.Torres,Demayo@CesarG.<#LINE#>33-37<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJBS-2012-156.pdf<#LINE#>Notre Dame of Marbel University, Koronadal City, South Cotabato, PHILIPPINES Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, PHILIPPINES<#LINE#>4/9/2012<#LINE#>14/10/2012<#LINE#>  In this study, landmark-based geometric morphometrics was used to determine morphological variation in body shapes of the white goby, Glossogobius giuris (Hamilton and Buchanan, 1822), an economically important fish species of Lake Buluan in Mindanao. A total of 60 images for both male and female were digitized and subjected for geometric morphometric analysis. Several dimorphic traits were revealed by relative warp analysis. These are deeper-bodies resulting to stout body outline in females relative to the more slender body outline of the male population. Females also exhibit greater degree of body curvature. Males however have longer gape length and caudal peduncle and larger pectoral and anal fin bases. MANOVA further revealed significant body shape differences between sexes.  <#LINE#> @ @ Strauss R.E. and Bookstein F.L., The truss: body form reconstruction in morphometrics, Syst.  Zool.,31, 113-135 (1982) @No $ @ @ BooksteinF.L., Morphometric tools for landmark data: geometry and Biology, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York (1991) @No $ @ @ Walker J.A. and Bell M.A., Net evolutionary trajectories of body shape evolution within a  microgeographic radiation of threespine sticklebacks Gasterosteus  aculeatus), J. Zool., 252, 293-302 (2000) @No $ @ @ Rolff J., Armitage S.A.O. and Coltman D.W., Genetic constraints and sexual dimorphism in immune defense, Evolution, 59,  1844–1850 (2005) @No $ @ @ Shine R., Ecological causes for the evolution of sexual dimorphism: a review of the evidence, The Quarterly Review of Biology, 64, 419–461 (1989) @No $ @ @ Rolhf F.J. and Marcus L.F., A revolution in morphometrics, Trends Ecol. Evol, , 129–132 (1993) @No $ @ @ Caldecutt W.J. and Adams D.C., Morphometrics of Trophic Osteology in the Threespine  Stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, Copeia,4, 827-838, (1998) @No $ @ @ Cavalcanti M.J., Monteiro L.R. and Lopes P.R.D., Landmark-based Morphometric analysis in selected species of serranid fishes (Perciformes: Teleostei), Zool. Studies,38, 287-294 (1999) @No $ @ @ Conlu P.V., Guide to Philippine Flora and Fauna (Fishes), Quezon City: JMC Incorporated, 495 (1986) @No $ @ @ Turan C., A note on the examination of morphometric differentiation among fish populations: The Truss System, Tropical Journal of Zoology, 259-263 (1999) @No $ @ @ Turan C., Den D.E., Rlek M.G., Babusta N. and Turan F., Morphometric structuring of the   anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus L.) in the Black, Aegean and Northeastern Mediterranean Seas, Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci.,28, 865-871 (2004) @No $ @ @ Costa C. and Cataudella S., Relationship between shape and trophic ecology of selected species of Sparids of the Caprolace coastal lagoon (Central Tyrrhenian Sea), Environ. Biol. Fish,78, 115-123 (2007) @No $ @ @ Buitrago-Suarez, U.A. and Brooks M.B., Taxonomy of the catfish genus Pseudoplatystoma Bleeker (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) with recognition of eight species, Zootaxa,1512, 1-38 (2007) @No $ @ @ Vasconcellos A.V., Vianna P., Pavia P.V., Schama R. and Sole-Cava A., Genetic and morphometric differences between yellow tail snapper (Ocyurus chrysurus, Lutjanidae) populations of the tropical West Atlantic, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 31(1), 308-316 (2008) @No $ @ @ Rohlf F.J., TpsDig Version 2.10, Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York at Stony Brook, New York, (2006) @No $ @ @ Adams D.C., Methods for shape analysis of landmark data from articulated structures,  Evolutionary Ecology Research,,  959-970, (1999) @No $ @ @ Kassam D., Mizoiri S. and Yamaoka K., Interspecific variation of body shape and sexual  dimorphism in three coexisting species of the genus Petrotilapia (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from  Lake Malawi, Ichthyol Res.,51, 195–201, (2004) @No $ @ @ Rohlf F.J. TpsRelw Version 1.36, Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York at Stony Brook, New York (2003) @No $ @ @ Hammer Ø., Harper D.A.T. and Ryan P.D., PAST: Paleontological Statistics Software Package for Education and Data Analysis, Palaeontologia Electronica,4(1), 9 (2001) @No $ @ @ Elewa A., Morphometric studies on three ostracod species of the Genus Digmocythere Maldelstam from the middle Eocene of Egypt, Paleontologia Electronica , 6(2), 1-11 (2003) @No $ @ @ Islam M., Eco-biology of freshwater gobi, Glossogobius giuris(Hamilton) of the river Padma in relation to its fishery, Ann. Rev. J. of Biological Sciences, 4(6), 780-793 (2004) @No $ @ @ Corti M., Loy A. and Cataudella S., Form changes in the sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (Moronidae: Teleostei), after acclimation to freshwater: an analysis using shape coordinates, Environ. Biol. Fish.,47, 165–175 (1996) @No $ @ @ Monet G., Uyanik U. and Champigneulle A., Geometric morphometrics reveals sexual and genotypic dimorphisms in the brown trout, Aquat. Living Resour., 19, 47–57 (2006) @No $ @ @ Casselman S.J. and Schulte-Hostedde A.I., Reproductive roles predict sexual dimorphism in internal and external morphology of Lake Whitefish, Coregonus clupeaformis, Ecology of Freshwaters Fish,13, 217-222 (2004) @No $ @ @ Klingenberg C.P., Barluenga M. and Meyer A., Body shape variation in cichlid fishes of the Amphilophus citrinellus species complex, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society,80, 397–408 (2003) @No $ @ @ Langerhans R.B., Layman C.A., Langerhans A.K. and Dewitt T.J., Habitat-associated morphological divergence in two Neotropical fish species, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society,80, 689–698 (2003) @No $ @ @ Medina A., Braethes J.C. and Evigny J.M.S., Habitat fragmentation and body–shape variation of African hind Cephalopholis taeniops (Valenciennes) in an archipelago system (Cape Verde, eastern Atlantic Ocean), Journal of Fish Biology,73, 902–925 (2008) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Indigenous Knowledge and Bioresource Utilization among the Tai-Khamyangs of Assam, North East India<#LINE#>@SonowalRipunjoy,Indira@Barua<#LINE#>38-43<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJBS-2012-172.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Anthropology, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786004, Assam, INDIA<#LINE#>20/9/2012<#LINE#>29/9/2012<#LINE#>  A deep-rooted indigenous bio-cultural heritage surrounding plant resource utilization forms an inseparable part in the life of the Tai-Khamyang tribe of Assam. The present paper is an effort made to explore and document some vital aspects of the plant based traditional skills and technologies related to ethnomedicine, food preparations, consumption of wild edible plants, food storage items, etc. The study was conducted through extensive personal interviews, in-depth discussions and participant observations with the traditional medical practitioners and select knowledge holders of two very old Khamyang villages viz. Cholapather and Disangpani in Sivasagar district, Assam. Further scientific research on the plant based IK can provide ample scope for further pharmaceutical studies as well as in the development of eco-friendly technologies for better livelihood.     <#LINE#> @ @ Grenier L.,  Working with Indigenous Knowledge - A Guide for Researchers, IDRC, Ottawa (1998) @No $ @ @ Gadgil M., Berkes F. and Folke C., Indigenous knowledge for Biodiversity Conservation, AMBIO, 22(2-3), 151-156 (1993) @No $ @ @ Sharma J., Gairola S., Gaur R.D. and Painuli R.M., Medicinal plants used for primary healthcare by Tharu tribe of Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand, India, Int. J. Medic. Arom. Plants, 1(3), 228-233 (2011) @No $ @ @ Myers N., Mittermeier R.A., Mittermeier C.G., da Fonseca G.A.B. and Kent J., Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities, Nature, 403, 853-858 (2001) @No $ @ @ Kalita D. and Beb B.,  Some folk medicines used by the Sonowal Kachari tribe of the Brahmaputra valley, Assam, India, Nat. Prod. Radiance, 3(4), 244-245 (2004) @No $ @ @ Bhardwaj S. and Gakhar S.K., Ethnomedicinal plants used by the tribals of Mizoram to cure cuts and wounds, Ind. J. Trad. Knowl.,4(1), 75 (2005) @No $ @ @ Singh R.K., Singh A., Tag H. and Adi community, Traditional skill among the Adi tribes of Arunachal Pradesh, Ind. J. Trad. Knowl., 7(1), 27-36 (2008) @No $ @ @ Barua I., Conservation and Management of Community and Natural Resources: A Case Study from North East India, Stud. Tribes and Tribals,7(1), 39-46 (2009) @No $ @ @ Jaiswal V., Culture and ethnobotany of Jaintia tribal community of Meghalaya. Northeast India – A mini review, Ind. J. Trad. Knowl., 9(1), 38-44 (2010) @No $ @ @ Jamir N.S., Takatemjen and Limasemba, Traditional knowledge of the Lotha-Naga tribes in Wokha district, Nagaland, Ind. J. Trad. Knowl., 9(1), 45-48 (2010) @No $ @ @ Saikia B., Borthakur S.K. and Saikia N.,  Medico-ethnobotany of Bodo tribals in Gohpur of Sonitpur district, Assam, Ind. J. Trad. Knowl., 9(1), 52-54 (2010) @No $ @ @ Pal S. and Palit D., Traditional Knowledge and Bioresource utilization among Lepcha in North Sikkim, NeBIO, 2(1), 13-17 (2011) @No $ @ @ Sainkhediya J. and Aske D.K.,  Ethnomedicinal plants used by tribal communities for the treatment of Snake bite in west Nimar, M.P, India, ISCA J. Biological Sci., 1(2), 77-79 (2012) @No $ @ @ Sharma A., Dangwal L.R. and Dangwal M.,  Dye Yielding Plants of the Garhwal Himalaya, India: A Case Study,  ISCA J. Biological Sci., 1(4), 69-72 (2012) @No $ @ @ Patil H.M., Ethno botanical Notes on Satpura Hills of Nandurbar District, Maharashtra, India, Res. J. Recent. Sci., 1(ISC-2011) @No $ @ @ , 326-328 (2012) @No $ @ @ 6.Patil S.J. and Patil H.M., Ethno medicinal Herbal Recipes from Satpura Hill Ranges of Shirpur Tahsil, Dhule, Maharashtra, India, Res. J. Recent. Sci., 1(ISC- 2011) @No $ @ @ , 333-336 (2012) @No $ @ @ 7.Grierson G.A.,  Linguistic Survey of India, Motilal Banarsidas, Delhi, Vol. II95 (1966) @No $ @ @ 18.Dutta A.C.,  Dictionary of Economic and Medicinal plants, Khelmati, Jorhat, Assam, (1985) @No $ @ @ 9.Gupta A.K. and Sharma, M. (eds.), Reviews on Indian Medicinal Plants,Medicinal Plant Unit, ICMR, New Delhi, Vol. V (2007) @No $ @ @ 0.Gupta A.K. and Sharma, M. (eds.), Reviews on Indian Medicinal Plants,Medicinal Plant Unit, ICMR, New Delhi, Vol. VI (2008) @No $ @ @ 1.Addis G., Abebe D. and Urga K., A survey of traditional medicine in Shirka District, Arsi Zone, Ethiopia, Ethiopian Pharma. J., 19, 30-47 (2001) @No $ @ @ I. Res. J. Biological Sci.          International Science Congress Association 4322.Chongtham N., Bisht M.S. and Haorongbam S., Nutritional Properties of Bamboo Shoots: Potential and Prospects for Utilization as a Health Food, Comprehensive Rev. in Food Sci. and Food Safety, 10, 159-169 (2011) @No $ @ @ 3.Hegde C.R., Madhuri M., Swaroop T., Nishitha D.A., Bhattacharya S. and Rohit K.C.,  Evaluation of Antimicrobial properties, phytochemical contents and antioxidant capacities of leaf extracts of Punica grantum L., ISCA J. Biological Sci., 1(2), 32–37 (2012) @No $ @ @ 4.Shukla K.,  Comparative study of Withania somnifera and Ocimum sanctum for Anthelmintic Activity, ISCA J. Biological Sci., 1(1), 74-76 (2012) @No $ @ @ 5.Pepsi A., Ben C.P. and Jeeva S.,  Phytochemical Analysis of Four Traditionally Important Aquatic Species, ISCA J. Biological Sci., 1(5), 66-69 (2012) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Role of Neem (Azardirachta indica) as a Plant extract Dewormer for Ancylostoma caninum Infection in Mice<#LINE#>@ShaziyaBi,P.K.@Goyal<#LINE#>44-48<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJBS-2012-178.pdf<#LINE#>  School of Studies in Zoology and Biotechnology, Vikram University, Ujjain–456010, INDIA<#LINE#>24/9/2012<#LINE#>29/9/<#LINE#>  Gastrointestinal parasite is serious threat to the productivity of livestock in developing nation. The major mechanism of controlling nematode parasite of livestock has been limited to the use of synthetic dewormer. Several plant products have been exploited for their dewormer activity. Neem has been shown to possess many medicinal properties including dewormer property. The purpose of this experiment was to study the dewormer activity of neem against A. caninum in infected mice. Two groups of mice were infected with A. caninum infective larvae. Before infection one group of mice were given neem extract at dose level of 0.2ml/ mouse. One group of mice served as non treated group. The dewormer activity was determined by larval reduction, mast cell and eosinophil cell level. Neem extract were highly effective in reducing the number of A. caninum. Larval reduction showed that the number of larvae reduced was higher in the treated and infected group compared to the infected group within 72 and 96 hours after challenge infection. Mast cell result suggest that on day 16 and 24  in mice infected with A. caninum larvae developed higher mastocytosis in comparison to treated and infected group. Decline level of eosinophil cell recorded on day 16 and 24 in treated and infected group when compared with infected group. The result suggests that the number of larvae correlated with number of mast cells and eosinophil cell and a potential role of neem extract as a dewormer activity against A. caninum in mice. <#LINE#> @ @ Coop R.L. and Kyriazakis I., Influence of host nutrition on the development and consequences of parasitism on livestock, Trends in Parasitology,17, 325–330 (2001) @No $ @ @ Stear M.J., Bishop S.C., Henderson N.G. and Scott I., A key mechanism of pathogenesis in sheep infected with the nematode Teladorsagia circumcincta, Animal Health Research Reviews,, 45–52 (2003) @No $ @ @ Biswas K.I., Chattopadhyay R.K., Banerjee and Bandyopadhyay U. Biological activies and medicinal properties of Neem (Azardirachta indica), Curr.Sci., 82, 1336–1345 (2002) @No $ @ @ Subapriya R. and S. Nagini, Medicinal properties of neem leaves: A review, Curr. Med. Chem. Anti-Cancer Agents, 149-156 (2005) @No $ @ @ Sen K.G., Joshi U.N. and Seth D., Effect of cortisone upon Ancylostoma caninum infection in albino mice, Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 59, 684–689 (1965) @No $ @ @ Scott J.A., An experimental study of the development of Ancylostoma caninum in normal and abnormal hosts, Amer. J. Hyg, 8, 158–209 (1928) @No $ @ @ Alizadeh H. and Wakelin D., Genetic factor controlling the intestinal mast cell response in mice infected with Trichinella spiralis. Clinical and Experimental Immunology,49, 331–339 (1982) @No $ @ @ Bruning J.L. and Kintz B.L., Computational hand book of statistics, II ed., Scott, Foresman, California, Glen View I. Ltd (1977) @No $ @ @ I. Res. J. Biological Sci.          International Science Congress Association 48Anthelmintic efficacy of neem (Azardirachta indica A. Juss) and the homeopathic product Factor Vermes® in Morada Nova sheep. Vet. Parasitol,151, 68 – 73, DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar (2008) @No $ @ @ Costa C.T.C., C.M.L., Bevilaqua M.V. Maciel., A.L.F., Camurca- Vasconcelos and S.M. Morais., Anthelmintic activity of Azardirachta indica A. Juss against sheep gastrointestinal nematodes, Vet. Parasitol,371, 306 -310. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar (2006) @No $ @ @ Hordegen P., Hertzberg H., Heilmann J. Langhans W. and Maurer V., The anthelmintic efficacy of five plant products against gastrointestinal trichostrongylids in artificially infected lambs, Veterinary Parasitology, 117, 51 – 66 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar (2003) @No $ @ @ Pessoa L.M., Anthelmintic activity of essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum lion and eugenol against Haemonchus contortus,Vet. Parasitol, 109, 56-63, DOI: 10.1016/S0304-4017(02)00253-4 (2002) @No $ @ @ Sujon M.A., Mostofa M., Jahan M.S., Das A.R. and Rob S., Studies on medicinal plants gastrointestinal nematodes of goats, Banbladesh, J: Vet. Med., , 179-183, DOI: 10.3329/bjvm.v6i2.2333 (2008) @No $ @ @ Niezen J.H., Charleston W.A.G., Hodgson J., Miller C.M., Waghor T.S. and Robertson H.A., Effect of plant species on the larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes which parasitise sheep, International Journal for Parasitology, 28, 791–803 (1998) @No $ @ @ Chandrawathani P., Adnan M. and Zaini C.M., Preliminary studies on Neem (Azardirachta indica) as an alternative anthelmintic for sheep. Proceedings of the 12th Veterinary Association Malaysia Scientific congress, Malaysia, Kuantan (2000) @No $ @ @ Chandrawathani P., Brelin D., Nor Fasihah S., Hoglund J. and Waller P.J., Evaluation of the Neem tree (Azardiractha indica) as an herbal anthelmintic for nematode parasite control in small ruminants in Malaysia. Tropical Biomedicine, 19(1&2), 41–48 (2002) @No $ @ @ Miller H.R.P., The protective mucosal and response against gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants and laboratory animals. Veterinary Immunology andImmunopathology, , 167 (1984) @No $ @ @ Wells P.D., Mast cells, eosinophils and histamine levels in Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infected rats, Experimental Parasitology, 12, 82– 01 (1962) @No $ @ @ Dehlawi M.S. and Wakelin D., Dose–dependency of mucosal mast cell responses in mice infected with Trichinella spiralis,Research and Reviews inParasitology, 55(41), 21–24 (1995) @No $ @ @ Capron M., Bazin H. Joseph., M. and Capron A., Evidence for IgE- dependent cytotoxicity by rat eosinophils, Journal of Immunology, 126, 1764–1768 (1981) @No $ @ @ Gounni A.S., Lamkhioued B., Ochiai K., Tanaka Y., Delaporte E., Capron A., Kinet J.P. and Capron M., High – affinity IgE receptor on eosinophils is involved in defence against parasites, Nature, 367, 183–186 (1994) @No $ @ @ Wilkinson W.C. and Behnke J.M., Necator americanus in the mouse, histopathological changes associated with the passage of larvae through the lungs of nice exposed to primary and secondary infection, Parasitology Research, 76, 386–392 (1990) @No $ @ @ Bhopale M.K. and Johri G.N., Experimental infection of Ancylostoma caninum in mice, III, Distribution of larvae after repeated exposures to infection, Journal ofHelminthology, 52, 193–198 (1978) @No $ @ @ Vardhani V. and Johri G.N., Intestinal mast cells during experimental ancylostomiasis, Journal of Helminthology, 53, 35–39 (1979) @No $ @ @  @No $
@Short Communication
<#LINE#>Purification of Cinnamaldehyde from Cinnamon Species by Column Chromatography<#LINE#>Satya@NandamSree,D.V.@SuryaPrakash,Meena@Vangalapati<#LINE#>49-51<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJBS-2012-149.pdf<#LINE#>Centre of Biotechnology, Department of Chemical Engineering, AUCE (A), Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, INDIA<#LINE#>24/8/2012<#LINE#>31/8/2012<#LINE#>  Cinnamon belongs to the family of Lauraceae. This genus comprises over 250 species. It is widely distributed throughout tropical and sub-tropical areas. It is widely used as spice and used as herbal medicine. Cinnamon contains cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, cinnamic acid etc. Cinnamaldehyde gives flavour and odour to the cinnamon. The objectives of this work were extraction of cinnamaldehyde from cinnamon by batch studies and purify the cinnamaldehyde by using column chromatography. For the optimized physico-chemical parameters, the highest cinnamaldehyde concentration was observed to be 44.6mg/L and the concentration was increased to 52.0mg/L from the column chromatography.  <#LINE#> @ @ Mikali P., Shayegh J., Saraharoodi S. and Sharifi M., Pharmacological Properties of Herbal oil Extracts Used In Iranian Traditional Medicine, Advances in Environmental Biology,6(1), 153-158 (2012) @No $ @ @ Meena V., Sree Satya N., Surya Prakash D.V. and Sumanjali A., A Review on Pharmacological Activities and Clinical effects of Cinnamon Species, Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biologial and Chemical Sciences, 3(1)653-663 (2012) @No $ @ @ Sharma C.K. and Kanwar S.S., Synthesis of methyl cinnamate using immobilized lipase from B.licheniformis MTCC-1048. Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(3), 68-71 (2012) @No $ @ @ Nenandis et al., Radical scavenging potential of phenolic compounds encountered in O. europaea products as indicated by calculation of bond dissociation enthalpy and ionization potential values, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 26, 295–299 (2004) @No $ @ @ Shaik Mahaboob Ali., Aleem A Khan., Irshad Ahmed M.Musaddiq., Khaja S Ahmed., H.Polasa., L.Venkateswara Rao., Chittoor M Habibullah., Leonardo A Sechi. and NIyaz Ahmed., Antimicrobial activities of Eugenol and Cinnamaldehyde against the human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori, Annals of Clinical Microbilogy and Antimicrobials, 4(20), 1-7 (2005) @No $ @ @ Youn H.S., Lee J.K., Choi Y.J., Saitoh S.I., Miyake K., Hwanq D.H. and Lee J.Y., Cinnamaldehyde suppresses toll-like receptor 4 activation mediated through the inhibition of receptor oligomerization, Biochem Pharmacol, 75(2), 494-502 (2008) @No $ @ @ Chang S.T., Chen P.F. and Chang S.C., Antibacterial activity of leaf essential oils and their constituents from Cinnamomum osmophloeum, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 77(2), 123-127 (2001) @No $ @ @ Fang H., Rao Y.K. and Tzeng Y.M., Cytotoxic effect of trans-Cinnamaldehyde from Cinnamomum osmophloeum Leaves on Human Cancer Cell Lines, Int. J. Appl. Sci. Eng, (2), 136-137 (2004) @No $ @ @ Lee H.S., Inhibitory activity of Cinnamomum cassia bark-derived component against rat lens aldose reductase, J. Pharm. Pharmaceut. Sci, 5(3), 226-230 (2002) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>In-Silico Identification of New Genes in Hiv-1 by ORF Prediction Method<#LINE#>Dhar@DwivediVivek,P@,@eyAmit,Kumar@MishraSarad<#LINE#>52-54<#LINE#>10.ISCA-IRJBS-2012-157.pdf<#LINE#>¹Department of Bioinformatics, UCST, Dehradun, INDIA ²Forest Pathology Division, FRI, Dehradun, INDIA Department of Biotechnology, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, INDIA<#LINE#>5/9/2012<#LINE#>21/10/2012<#LINE#>  In the present study the complete genome sequence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 was searched and retrieved from Genbank database with accession number NC_001802.1. The sequence of HIV-1 applied for gene Identification by ORFs prediction method. ORF Finder revealed that total 39 ORFs were identified in all six possible reading frames (RF). Three ORFs were identified in +1 RF, four in +2RF, six in +3RF, six in -1RF, thirteen in -2RF, and seven in -3RF. The translated sequences of all identified ORFs were searched in NCBI nonredundant database using Protein BLAST. All ORFs found in +1, +2, +3RF, and ORF in -1RF, ORF10 in -2RF, ORF2 and ORF in -3RF were already identified by previous workers but the remaining ORFs in -1,-2, and -3 RFs, eleven different ORFs translations showed similarity with different protein sequences of different organisms in nonredundant protein sequence database.<#LINE#> @ @ Fauquet C.M. and Fargette D., International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses and the 3,142 unassigned species, Virol. J., , 64 (2005) @No $ @ @ Levy J.A., HIV pathogenesis and long-term survival,  AIDS(11), 1401–10 (1993) @No $ @ @ Smith J.A., Daniel R., Following the path of the virus: the exploitation of host DNA repair mechanisms by retroviruse,  ACS Chem Biol,(4), 217–26 (2006) @No $ @ @ Gilbert P.B., McKeague I.W., Eisen G., Mullins C., Gueye N.A., Mboup S., Kanki P.J., Comparison of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infectivity from a prospective cohort study in Senegal,  Statistics in Medicine,22 (4), 573–593, (2003) @No $ @ @ Barre S. F., Chermann J.C., Rey F., Nugeyre M.T., Chamaret S. and Gruest J., Isolation of a T-lymphotropic retrovirus from a patient at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome, Science,220, 868–70, (1983) @No $ @ @ Clavel F., Mansinho K., Chamaret S., Guetard D., Favier V., Nina J, Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 infection associated with AIDS in West Africa, N Engl J Med., 316, 1180–5 (1987) @No $ @ @ Weiss R.A., How does HIV cause AIDS?, Science, 260(5112) @No $ @ @ 1273–9 (1993) @No $ @ @ 8.Zhao J., Tang S., Ragupathy V., Carr J.K., Wolfe N.D., Awazi B. and Hewlett I., Identification and genetic characterization of a novel CRF22_01A1 recombinant form of HIV type 1 in Cameroon,  AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 26(9), 1033-45, (2010) @No $ @ @ 9.Dennis A., Benson I., Karsch M., David J., Lipman J.O., and David L.W., GenBank, Nucleic Acids Res, 36(Database issue), D25–D30, (2008) @No $ @ @ 0.David L.W., Deanna M.C., Scott F., Alex E.L., Thomas L.M., Joan U.P., Gregory D., Schuler L. Schriml M., Edwin S., Tatiana A.T., and Lukas W., Database resources of the National Center for Biotechnology, Nucleic Acids Res, , 31(1), 28–33 (2003) @No $ @ @ Altschul S.F., Gish W., Miller W., Myers E.W. and Lipman D.J., Basic local alignment search tool, J Mol Biol, 215,403-10(1990) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Effect of Cadium Chloride on the Biochemical content in different Tissues of the Freshwater Fish Ophicephalus striatus<#LINE#>@BaisU.E.,Lokh@,M.V.@e<#LINE#>55-57<#LINE#>11.ISCA-IRJBS-2012-160.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, Indira Gandhi (SR) College, Cidco, New Nanded. 413603, MS, INDIA<#LINE#>5/9/2012<#LINE#>18/9/2012<#LINE#>  The effect of cadmium chloride on the fresh water fish ophicephalus striatus was assessed. The 96 hours Lc50 of the cadmium chloride was found to be 0.63 mg/lit. The fishes were exposed to the experimental concentration of cadmium chloride for 96 hours. After the control 96 hours exposures the glycogen levels were estimated in the muscles, gill, liver, kidney and heart. In the present investigation it clearly indicates that very adverse effect of cadmium chloride on fish. Kidney is the major target organ which shows the maximum reduction of protein level following to the liver but the total free amino acid level increased significantly. <#LINE#> @ @ Moor S. and Stein W.H., In: Methods enzymol (eds clockwise, SP and kaplan No) Academic press, New York, , 468 (1948) @No $ @ @ Lowary O.H., Rosenbrough N.J, Farr R.L and Randall R.J., Protein measurment with the Folin phenol reagent J.Biol. Chem,193, 265 - 275(1951) @No $ @ @ Senthilkumar P., Samyappan K. and Deecaraman M., Effect of heavy metal coper on the nutritive value in freshwater corb Spiralothelphusa hydrodoma, Res. J. Agriculltural and Biological Sciences.,3(6) 775-781 (2007) @No $ @ @ Mastan S.A., Copper sulphate induced changes in protein level of certain tissues of Heteropnustus fossili,. Journal of Herbal medicine and Toxicology,2 (2), 33 – 34 (2008) @No $ @ @ Cecil A. Matta, Abdel M., Kheirallah M., Nabila E. Abdelmeguid and Ashraf M.A., Effect of water pollution in Lake Mariut on gonadal free amino acid comosition in Oreochromis Diloticusfish, Pakistan Journal of Biological Sci.,10(8), 1257–1263 (2007) @No $ @ @ Sobha K., Poornima A. and Veeraiah K., A study on biochemical changes in the fresh water fish Catla Catla (Hamilton) exposed to the heavy metal toxicant cadmium chloride, Kathmandu University, Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology,  1(4),112-117 (2007) @No $ @ @ De Smet and Blust G.A., Stress response and changes in protein metobolism of in carp Cyprinus carpio during cadmium exposure, Ecotoxicol. Environ saf,48, 255 – 258 (2000) @No $ @ @ Powell E.N.,   Koenig  M. and Pecon J., Changes in the free amion acids pool during enviromental stress in the gill tissues of the oyester Crassostrea Virginca, Comp. Bicohem. Physiol,71A, 591 – 598 (1982) @No $ @ @ Bhagyalakshmi A., Readdy P.S, and Ramamurthi R., Muscle nitrogen metabolism of fresh water crab Oziotelphusa senex senex, Fabricuis during acute and chronic sumithion intoxication, Toxicol Lett, 17, 89 – 93 (1983) @No $ @ @ Canli M., Effect of mercury, chromium and nickel on glycogen and protein levels in tissues of Cyprinus carpio, Truk. J. of Zoology,20,161-168.(1996) @No $ @ @ Wood A.W. and Van Der Kraak., Yolk proteolysis inRainbow trout Oocytes afrer serum free culture: Evidance for aquatic novel biachemical machanism of atrsia in oviparous vertebrates, Mol. Repord. Dev.,  65, 219 – 227 (2003) @No $ @ @ Theodorakis N.G., and Morimoto R.I., Post transcriptional regulation of hsps 70 expression in human cells: Effect of heat shock inhibition of protein synthesied adenovirus infecton on translation and MRNA stability, Mol.cell. Biol,, 4357-4368 (1987) @No $ @ @ Tang-chun W.V., Ye Y.W and Yong-Yi., Plasma free amino acids in workers working under different stress conditions, J.occup. Health, 40,203 - 206 (1998) @No $ @ @ Heikkila J.J., Schultz G.A, Itatrou K and Gedamu. L., Expression of aquatic set of fish genes following heat or metal ion exposure,  J.Biol.chem,257,12000 - 12005(1982) @No $ @ @ Mishra S.M., Zafarullah J., Prince H. and Gedamu M., Analysis of stress induced gene expression in fish cell lines exposed to heavy metals and heat shock, Biochem. Biophys. Acta, 1007, 325-333 (1989) @No $ @ @ Duffy L.K., Scofield E., Rodger T., Patton M. and Bowyer R.T., Comparative baseline levels of Mercury, HSP 70 and HSP 60 in subsistance fish from the Yukon-Kushokwin delta region of Alaska, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Toxicol. Pharmco.,124, 181-186 (1999) @No $ @ @ Williams J.H., Farag A.M., Stransbury M.A., Yong P.A Bergman H.L and Pertersen N.S., Accumalation of HSP 70 in juvenile and adult rainbow trout gill exposed to metal-contaminated water and or diet, Environ. Toxicol. Chem,15,1324 - 1328 (1996) @No $ @ @ Vijayan M.M., Pereira C, Kruzynski G and Iwama G.K., Sub lethal concentration of contaminant induced the expression of heapatic - heat - shock protein 70 in two salmonoids, Aquatic Toxicol, 40, 101 – 108 (1998) @No $ @ @ Hassanein H.W, Banhawy M.A, Soliman F.M, Abdel-Rahim,  Muller W.E and  Schroder M.C., Induction of HSP 70 by the herbicides oxyfluoren (goal) in the Egyptian Nile fish Oreochromis niloticus,  Arch. Env. Contam. Toxico.,37,78 - 84 (1999) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Distribution and Abundance of White grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Khed Taluka, part of Northern Western Ghats, MS, India<#LINE#>S.V.@Theurkar,S.B.@Patil,M.K.@Ghadage,@ZawareY.B.,S.S.@Madan<#LINE#>58-60<#LINE#>12.ISCA-JBS-2012-131.pdf<#LINE#>JJT University, Rajasthan, INDIA Department of Zoology, Hutatma Rajguru Mahavidyalaya, Rajgurunagar, Rajasthan, INDIA  Hutatma Rajguru Mahavidyalaya, Rajgurunagar, Rajasthan, INDIA  Life Sciences, JJT University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, INDIA<#LINE#>31/7/2012<#LINE#>17/9/2012<#LINE#>  White grubs became increasingly difficult pests in India for the last few years. The white grubs are called Chaffer beetle or May- June beetle. White  grubs  are  root  feeders  and  their  beetles  feeds  on  the  leaves  of  host  plants. Their infestation has been reported throughout the country and magnitude of the problem has been widespread over the past years. In majority of the farming situation, control of these pests are largely abandoning because of the lack of control over their damages. Khed Taluka (Pune) is a part of Northern Western Ghats of Maharashtra, India. Five major species of white grubs especially in Maharashtra namely Holotrachia consaguinea Bl., Holotrachia serrata Fab., Holotrachia fissa Br., Leucopholis lepidophora Bl. (Melolonthidae), Anomola sp. (Rutelidae) in distribution. In the present study, Scarabaeidae adults were collected from leaves of host plants like Neem, Babhul, Ber and Khair. The Holotrachia serrata is most abundant species found in Khed Taluka which is part of Northern Western Ghats (MS), India. <#LINE#> @ @ Bhavane et al., Comparative study on the haemocyte of scarabaeidae, IndianJ. Comp.Anim Physiol, 15, 27-30 (1997) @No $ @ @ Rao B.H.K., Narayana K.L. and Narsimha Rao B., White grub problem in Andhra Pradesh and their control, In: proceeding of the 1st All India Symposium on Soil Biology and Ecology in India, Banglore, 22- 26 September, 206-209 (1976) @No $ @ @ Musthak Ali T.M., Biosystematics of phytophagous Scarabaeidae- an Indian overview, In: Sharma, G., Mathur, Y.S., Gupta, R.B.L., (Eds.) Indian Phytophagous Scarabaeidae and their Management, Agrobios (India), 5- 47 (2001) @No $ @ @ Yadava C.P.S. and Sharma G.K., Indian white grub and their management, All India Coordinated research Project on White grubs, Technical Bulletin No. 2. Indian Council of Agriculture Research (1995) @No $ @ @ Mishra P.N. and Singh M.P., Determination of predominant species of white grubs in Garhwal Region of Uttar Pradesh Hills (India), Journal of Entomological Research, 23,12-19(1999) @No $ @ @ Guppy J.C. and Harcourt G.D., Spatial pattern of the immature stages and teneral adults of Phyllophaga spp. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in permanent meadow, Canadian Entomologist, 102, 1345-1359 (1970) @No $ @ @ Potter D.A., Patterson C.G. and Redmond C.T., Influence of turf grass species and tall fescue endophyte on feeding ecology of Japanese beetle and southern masked chafer grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), Journal of Economic Entomology, 85, 900-909 (1992) @No $ @ @ Veeresh G.K., Studies on the root grub in Karnataka, UAS Monograph Series No. 2, University of Agricultural Science, Hebbal, Bangalore, 87, (1977) @No $ @ @ Keller S., Use of Beuveria brongniartii in Switzerland and its acceptance by farmers, In: S. Keller (ed.), Integrated control of soil pest subgroup "Melolontha", Proceedings of the meeting; IOBL, Switzerland,19-21 October 1998, IOBC/wprs bulletin, 23, 67-72 (2000) @No $ @ @ Mittal I.C. and Pajni H.R., New species belonging to (Coleoptera: scarabaeid: Melolonthidae) from India, Entomon 2, 85-88 (1977) @No $ @ @ Hussain M., Some observation on the biology and control of phyllophaga consaguinea Blanch, a potent pest of groundnut in Andhra Pradesh, Ind. J. Plant Prot.,2, 107-110 (1974) @No $ @ @ Pal. S.K., White grubs and their management, Monographs No. 5 central Arid Zone research Institute Jodhpur India (1977) @No $ @ @ Mittal I.C., Survey of Scarabaeid (Coleoptera) fauna of Himanchal Pradesh (India), Journal of Entomological Research, 24, 133-141 (2000) @No $ @ @ Khan K.M. and Ghai S., Taxonomical status of genus Holotrachia Hope (Melolonthidae: scarabaeid) with description of five new species from India along with re-descriptions of two poorly described species and a key to species, Bull. Entomol., 23, 28-45 (1982) @No $ @ @  @No $
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>E-Waste Toxicity, Expulsion and its Status in IRAN: A Review<#LINE#>Soroush@YounessiSinaki,Gholamreza@Bahmannia,@TarighaleslamiAmirHossein,Roozbeh@HosseinzadehHesas<#LINE#>61-64<#LINE#>13.ISCA-IRJBS-2012-177.pdf<#LINE#>1*Department of Environment and Energy, Sciences and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, I.R., IRAN  National Iranian Gas Co (NIGC), I.R., IRAN Chemical Engineering Faculty, Mahshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahshahr, I.R., IRAN Department of Chemical Engineering, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, I.R., IRAN<#LINE#>24/9/2012<#LINE#>27/9/2012<#LINE#>  The wide application of electronic devices in modern life which aims to improve the life quality and facilitate the affairs, in particular, increase the rate of out of use e-devices day after day. By the end of the useful life of E-devices, exceptional methods should be considered for their expulsion because they include some specific materials and compounds. E-Waste is described as the dark side of modern digital age and caused many problems for environment. Hereunder, the most important included compounds and materials in E-Waste and its dangers for environment will be described. Then the most common methods for its ex pulsing are investigated along with their effects, and some suggestions are presented in order to improve the management of E-Waste in the final chapter, which emphasize the reduction of waste volume as the main solution, considered 2-5 % of urban disposal correct treating of E-Waste is too important.Computer monitors, and CRTs of old TVs contain four lb (1.81 Kg) Lead in average, and their expulsion should be performed, through special methods at the end of their useful life. In addition to Lead, these devise also contain Chromium, Cadmium, Mercury, Beryllium, Nickel, Zinc and flame retardants and in case of not being excluded or recycled in a right way, the existing toxic materials in E-devises would be dangerous. Increasing the duration of useful life of E-device, dedicating them to low-income individuals, and updating them can be followed by economic use of the costs and precious recourses. Besides the prevention of environment pollution, the right recycling of electronic equipment, which is out of use, can bring back costly materials into the cycle.This paper illustrates E-waste, its hazard and treatment method, then E-waste condition in Iran is investigated and finally recycling computer-as a major E-waste item, and its economic benefits in Iran will be discussed as a case study. At the worst case-if only 50 percent of end-of-life available computer in Iran could be recycled 75 million dollar will be gained in the case of recycling     <#LINE#> @ @ Gh. Omrani, Solid Waste, Islamic Azad University Press, Chapter, 4, 200 (2010) @No $ @ @ Nwajei G.E., Obi–Iyeke G.E. and Okwagi P.,Distribution of Selected Trace Metal in Fish Parts from the River Nigeria, Research Journal of Recent Sciences,1(1), 81-84 (2012) @No $ @ @ Jouzi S.A. and Jouzi Z., E-Waste in Environment, in proc, 1st professional congress on environment, Tehran (2006) @No $ @ @ Marquardt H., Toxicology, Academic Press, Chapter 4, 654, 1999) 5.National Academy of Sciences (U.S.), Committee on the Implications of Dioxin in the Food Supply, Dioxins and Dioxin-Like Compounds in the Food Supply: Strategies to Decrease Exposure, National Academies Press, 36 (2003) @No $ @ @ 6.Murhekar Gopalkrushna Haribhau, Trace Metals Contamination of Surface Water Samples in and Around Akot City in Maharashtra, India, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(7), 5-9,  (2012) @No $ @ @ 7.Mishra P.C., Dash A.K. and Pradhan Khageswar, Metals in Environmental segments at Hirakud of Odisha, India, ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(1), 7-23 (2012) @No $ @ @ 8.Crow M. et al., Waste from electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), quantities, dangerous substances and treatment methods, Presented at the European topic center on waste, European Environment Agency (2003) @No $ @ @ 9.Hodgson E., A Textbook of Modern Toxicology, 4th edition, John Wiley and Sons, Chapter 4, 350 (2011) @No $ @ @ 10.Muthusamy P., Murugan S. and Manothi Smitha, Removal of Nickel ion from Industrial Waste Water using Maize Cob, ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(2), 7-11 (2012) @No $ @ @ Stwertka A., A Guide to the Elements, 2nd ed., Oxford University Press, 30 and 144 (2002) @No $ @ @ 2.Sharma Pramila, Fulekar M.H. and Pathak Bhawana, E-Waste- A Challenge for Tomorrow, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(3), 86-93 (2012) @No $ @ @ 3.Patrick S., Practical Guide to Polyvinyl Chloride, Smithers Rapra Publishing, ch.1, 64 (2005) @No $ @ @ 4.Deshpande D.P., Warfade V.V., Amaley S.H. and Lokhande D.D., Petro-Chemical Feed stock from Plastic Waste, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(3), 63-67 (2012) @No $ @ @ 5.Morgan R., Tips and Tricks for Recycling Old Computers, SmartBiz, Retrieved on  (2009) @No $ @ @ 6.Saffron L. et. Al., The human health impact of waste management practices: a review of the literature and an evaluation of the evidence, Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 14 (2), 191-213 (2003) @No $ @ @ 7.Whitacre D.M., Contamination and Toxicology, Springer, 214, Ch. 3, 9 (2011) @No $ @ @ 8.Suryavanshi P., Babu S., Baghel J.K. and Suryavanshi G., Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture and their Mitigation Strategies for Food Security in Agriculture: A Review, ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(3), 72-77 (2012) @No $ @ @ 9.Bhosale P.R., Chonde S.G., Nakade D.B. and Raut P.D., Studies on Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Waxed and Dewaxed Pressmud and its effect on Water Holding Capacity of Soil, ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(1), 35-41 (2012) @No $ @ @ 20.Chaudhari Laxman and Raje Dayanand, Attenuation Coefficient of Soil Samples by Gamma ray Energy, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(9), 41-48 (2012) @No $ @ @ 1.Kang H.Y. and Schoenung J.M., Electronic waste recycling: A review of U.S. infrastructure and technology Options, Resources, Conservation and Recycling journal, 45, 368–400 (2005) @No $ @ @ Study tallies environmental cost of computer boom, Retrieved from: http://archive.unu.edu/update/archive/issue31_5.htm, (2004) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus: A Brief Review<#LINE#>Batabyal@Biswajit,@GautamK.R.Kundu,Biswas@Shibendu<#LINE#>65-71<#LINE#>14.ISCA-IRJBS-2012-184.pdf<#LINE#>1 1Department of Microbiology, Gurunanak Institute of Dental Science and Research, Panihati, Kolkata-700114, West Bengal, INDIA 2Dept. of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Gurunanak Institute of Dental Science & Research, Panihati, Kolkata-700114, WB, INDIA  <#LINE#>30/9/2012<#LINE#>30/10/2012<#LINE#>  Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a bacterium responsible for several difficult-to-treat infections in humans. It is also called multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ORSA). MRSA is any strain of Staphylococcus aureus that has developed, through the process of natural selection, resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, which include the penicillins (methicillin, dicloxacillin, nafcillin, oxacillin, etc.) and the cephalosporins. Strains unable to resist these antibiotics are classified as methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, or MSSA. The evolution of such resistance does not cause the organism to be more intrinsically virulent than strains of Staphylococcus aureus that have no antibiotic resistance, but resistance does make MRSA infection more difficult to treat with standard types of antibiotics and thus more dangerous.MRSA is especially troublesome in hospitals, prisons and nursing homes, where patients with open wounds, invasive devices, and weakened immune systems are at greater risk of infection than the general public.  <#LINE#> @ @  Martin M.V. and Hardy P., Two cases of oral infection by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Br Dent J., 170, 63-64 (1991) @No $ @ @  Rousseau P., Acute suppurative parotitis, J Am Geriat Soc., 38, 897-898 (1991) @No $ @ @  Working Party Report, Revised guidelines for the control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in hospital, J Hosp Infect, 39, 253-290 (1998) @No $ @ @  Lessing M.P.A., Jordens J.Z. and Bowler I.C.J., When should healthcare workers be screened for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus? J Hosp Infect, 34, 205-210 (1996) @No $ @ @  Balfour A., Higgins J., Brown M. and Gallacher G., Eradication of throat carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, J Hosp Infect, 35, 320-321 (1997) @No $ @ @  Tawara Y., Honma K. and Naito Y., Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans on denture surfaces, Bull Tokyo Dent Coll, 37, 119-128 (1996) @No $ @ @  Rossi T., Peltonen R., Laine J., Eerola E., Vuopio-Varkila J. and Kotilainen P., Eradication of the Long-term carriage of methicillin-resistant Stapylococcus aureus in patients wearing dentures: a follow up of 10 patients, J Hosp Infect, 34, 311-320 (1997) @No $ @ @ I. Res. J. Biological Sci.           International Science Congress Association  71 8. Owen M.K., Prevalence of oral methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in an institutionalized veterans population, Spec Care Dent, 14, 75-79 (1994) @No $ @ @  Miyake Y., Iwai M., Sugai M., Miura K., Suginaka H. and Nagasaka N., Incidence and characterisation of Staphylococcus aureus from the tongues of children, J Dent Res., 70, 1045-1047 (1991) @No $ @ @  Millar M.R., Walsh T.R. and Linton C.J., Carriage of antibiotic resistant bacteria by healthy children, J Antimicrob Chemother, 47, 605-610 (2001) @No $ @ @  Suzuki J., Komatsuzawa H., Sugai M., Suzuki T., Kozai K. and Miyake Y., A long-term survey of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the oral cavity of children, Microbiol Immunol, 41, 681-686 (1997) @No $ @ @  Hiramatsu K., Kuroda M. and Ito T., The emergence and evolution of MRSA Trend, Microbiology, 9, 486-493 (2001) @No $ @ @  Sanford M.D., Widmer A.F. and Bale M.J., Efficient detection and long term persistence of the carriage of MRSA, Clin Infect Dis., 19, 1123-1125 (1994) @No $ @ @  Frank U., Lenz W. and Damrah E., Hospital staff and nasal carriage, In: JWM van der Meer, editor, Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus (a round table discussion), Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica; 15-19 (1990) @No $ @ @  Hizeh K., Emekdap G. and Aktap F., Staphylococcus aureus in hospital personnel, carriage and antibiotic susceptibility, Gazi Medical Journal, 8, 23-26 (1997) @No $ @ @  Salaria M. and Singh M., Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Indian Pediatr, 38, 29-36 (2001) @No $ @ @  Bailey and Scott's Diagnostic Microbiology; Betty A. Forbes, Daniel F. Sahm, Alice S. Weissfeld;  12th Edition; Mosby Elsevier;  172-214 & 254-264 18. Mc Donald M., The epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: surgical relevance 20 years on, Aust N Z J Surg, 67, 682-685 (1997) @No $ @ @ 9. Florman S. and Nicholas R.L., Current approaches for the prevention of surgical site infections, Am J Infect Dis, 3(1), 51-61 (2007) @No $ @ @ 20. Jensen S.O. and Lyon B.R., Genetics of antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus, Future Microbiol, 4(5), 565–82 (2009) @No $ @ @ 1. Lowy F.D., Antimicrobial resistance: the example of Staphylococcus aureus, J. Clin. Invest., 111(9), 1265–1273 (2003) @No $ @ @  Pantosti A., Sanchini A. and Monaco M., Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus, Future Microbiol, 2(3), 323–334 (2007) @No $ @ @ 3. Kaito C., Saito Y. and Nagano G., Transcription and translation products of the cytolysin gene psm-mec on the mobile genetic element SCCmec regulate Staphylococcus aureus virulence, PLoS Pathog., 7(2),  e1001267 (2011) @No $ @ @ 4. Kuo S.C., Chiang M.C. and Lee W.S., Comparison of microbiological and clinical characteristics based on SCCmec typing in patients with community-onset meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteraemia, Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, 39(1), 22–26 (2012) @No $ @ @ 5. Berger-Bächi B., Genetic basis of methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus, Cell. Mol. Life Sci., 56(9-10), 764–70 (1999) @No $ @ @ 6. Francois P. and Schrenzel J., Rapid Diagnosis and Typing of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus: Molecular Genetics, Caister Academic Press (2008) @No $ @ @ 7. Mackay I.M. (editor) Real-Time PCR in Microbiology: From Diagnosis to Characterization, Caister Academic Press (2007) @No $ @ @ 8. Seiken Denka, MRSA latex test for PBP2, https://catalog.hardydiagnostics.com/cp_prod/content/hugo/MRSALatexTest.htm (2012) @No $ @ @ 9. Klein E., Smith D.L., Laxminarayan R., Hospitalizations and Deaths Caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, United States, 1999-2005, Emerg Infect Dis, 13(12), 1840-1846 (2007) @No $ @ @ 30. Klevents et. al., Invasive Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections in the United States, JAMA (2007) @No $ @ @ 1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MRSA: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Healthcare Settings (2007) @No $ @ @ 2. Stein R., Drug-resistant Staph germ’s toll is higher than thought, Washington Post (2007) @No $ @ @  Blot S., Vandewoude K., Hoste E. and Colardyn F., Outcome and attributable mortality in criticallypatients with bacteremia involving methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Arch Intern Med, 162(19), 2229-2235 (2002) @No $ @ @ 4. Raygada J.L. and Levine D.P., Managing CA-MRSA Infections: Current and Emerging Options, Infections in Medicine, 26(2), (2009) @No $ @ @ 5. Okuma K., Iwakawa K. and Turnidge J., Dissemination of new methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones in the community, J Clin Microbiol, 40(11), 4289-4294 (2002) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Processing and Quality Characteristics of some major Fermented Fish Products from Africa: A Critical Review<#LINE#>V.B.@Anihouvi,@KindossiJ.M.,J.D.@Hounhouigan<#LINE#>72-84<#LINE#>15.ISCA-IRJBS-2012-194.pdf<#LINE#><#LINE#>16/10/2012<#LINE#>22nd/10/2012<#LINE#>  For many socio-economic and technical reasons, the fermentation is one of most important fish preservation methods used in many parts of the world and mainly the coastal regions of African countries in particular. The fermentation processes applied are generally indigenous and adaptable to the culture of the people. The main traditional fermentation techniques used as low-cost methods for fish preservation in African countries, the quality characteristics of the various end-products and the major constraints associated with the techniques used were discussed in this review. The lack of standardization of the processing methods and hygiene during processing, with their detrimental effects on the quality and the safety of the end-products are the major problems to overcome to ensure the promotion of fermented fish products sector in Africa. In this respect, there is a need for new areas of research focused on the standardization of traditional fermentation techniques to resolve the inconvenient associated with them and enhance further benefits of this technology. With increasing use of “bouillon cube” range of condiments in African countries, greater understanding of factors contributing to the safety and sensory quality of fermented fish products as perceived by the consumers would have significant commercial implications.  <#LINE#> @ @ I. Res. J. Biological Sci.          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Fermentation with salting without drying6, 7Figure-1 Flow diagram of traditional processing of fermented fish products in Africa Raw material (fresh fish) a bc Dressing (scaling, gutting, removal of gills) Dressed fish Washing with seawater or well water Fermentation in water from sea, well, lagoon, lack (6 - 12 hrs) Sun-drying (2-7 days)Fermented fish End product End product Fermentation (10 – 20 days) @No $ @ @ exudates drains Salting (Application of dry salt) Salted fish End product Sun-drying (2-4 days) Fermented fish Rinsing with Sea water or lack-water,  water from well Fermentation (3-8 days) Soft and salted  fish Salting (Application of dry salt) Ripening overnight (10-15 hrs) @No $ @ @  @No $