@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Graphene oxide, GO, as immunostimulator in controlling Motile Aeromonad Septicemia (MAS) due to Aeromonas hydrophila in red hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis sp. farming<#LINE#>Wei@Lee Seong ,An’amt @MN,Wendy @Wee,Zulhisyam @AK,Hasnita @CH <#LINE#>1-4<#LINE#>1.ISCA-RJAVFS-2016-003.pdf<#LINE#>Faculty of Agro Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan JeliCampus, 17600, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia@Faculty of Earth Science, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Jeli Campus, 17600, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia@Centre for Fundamental and Liberal Education, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia@Faculty of Agro Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan JeliCampus, 17600, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia@Faculty of Agro Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan JeliCampus, 17600, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia<#LINE#>4/1/2016<#LINE#>1/2/2016<#LINE#>In the present study, the potential of graphene oxide, GO, was evaluated as immunostimulator in controlling Motile Aeromonad Septicemia (MAS)due to Aeromonas hydrophila infected in Red Hybrid Tilapia. MAS due to A. hydrophila was recognized as main constraint in red hybrid tilapia farming and may lead to mass mortality of the infected fish either marketable size or fish fry. Many of commercial antibiotics were found no longer effective to control this bacterial disease. The fish farmers were left with no option and have to continue use the antibiotics in order to overcome this disease. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the potential of GO to control this bacterial disease problem. In the present study, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of GO extract against A. hydrophila was determined via two fold microbroth dilution method. The effectiveness of GO as an immunostimulator agent was evaluated. The experimental fish were fed with medicated feed at three different concentrations (25 mg kg-1; GO-25, 50 mgkg-1; GO-50 and100 mgkg-1of fish; GO-100) of GO for one week before they were intraperitoneally exposed to A. hydrophila. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was carried out to determine the value of antibody response to A. hydrophila in fish from group of fish that received medicated fish and the percentage of total cumulative mortality of the experimental fish were observed at the end of the experiment. The results of the present study showed the value of antibody response to A. hydrophila in fish from group of fish which received medicated feed (GO-25, 0.138 ± 0.012 OD; GO-50, 0.112 ± 0.013 OD; GO-100, 0.141 ± 0.12 OD) were found significantly higher (P< 0.05) compared to fish did not received medicated fish (0.00 OD). Whereas, percentage cumulative mortality of fish from all groups of fish received medicated feed (GO-25, 22.0 ± 1.1 %; GO-50, 23.2 ± 1.8 %; GO-100, 21.7 ± 1.3 %) were found significantly lower (P< 0.05) compared to group of fish did not received medicated feed (70.2 ± 3.2 %). The findings of the present study indicated the huge potential of GO to replace commercial antibiotic as immunostimulator agent for aquaculture uses.<#LINE#>Najiah M., Lee S.W., Faizah S. and Wendy W. (2008).@Surveillance of bacteria species in diseased freshwater ornamental fish from aquarium shop.@J. World App. Sci., 3 (6), 903-905.@Yes$Najiah M. and Lee S.W. (2008).@Outbreak Vibriosis of Mantis Shrimp (Squilla sp.).@World J. Agric. Sci., 4 (2), 137-139.@Yes$Lee S.W., Najiah M., Wendy W., Zarol A. and Nadirah M. (2009).@Multiple antibiotic resistance and heavy metal resistance profile of bacteria isolated from giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachiumrosenbergii) hatchery.@Agric. Sci. China 8(6), 740-745. doi:10.1016/S1671-2927(08)60273-4@Yes$Najiah M., Lee S.W., Wendy W. and Nadirah M. (2009).@Bacterial diseases outbreak of African catfish (Clariasgariepinus) from Manir River, Terengganu, Malaysia.@J. Life Sci., 3 (5): 10 – 13.@Yes$Lee S.W., Najiah M., Wendy W., Nadirah M. and Faizah S.H. (2009).@Occurrence of heavy metals and antibiotic resistance in bacteria from organs of American bullfrog (Ranacatesbeiana) cultured in Malaysia.@J. Ven. Anim. Tox. Incl. Trop. Dis., 15 (2), 353-358. dx.doi.org/ 10.1590/S1678-91992009000200016@Yes$Lee S.W., Najiah M. and Wendy W. (2010).@Bacterial flora from a healthy freshwater Asian sea bass (Latescalcarifer) fingerling hatchery with emphasis on their antimicrobial and heavy metal resistance pattern.@Vet. Arhiv., 80(3), 411-420.@Yes$Lee S.W., Najiah M. and Wendy W. (2010).@Bacteria associated with golden pompano (Trachinotusblochii) broodstock from commercial hatchery in Malaysia with emphasis on their antibiotic and heavy metal resistances.@Front. Agric. China., 4(2), 332-336. Doi10.1007/s11703-010-0106-y@Yes$Lee S.W., Najiah M., Wendy W. and Nadirah M. (2010).@Antibiogram and heavy metal resistance of pathogenic bacteria isolated from moribund cage cultured silver catfish (Pangasiussutchi) and red hybrid tilapia (Tilapia sp.).@Front. Agric. China., 4(1), 116-120. Doi10.1007/s11703-009-0085-z@Yes$Lee S.W., Mustakim M.T, An’amt M.N., Wendy W. and Huang N.M. (2015).@The potential of graphene oxide as antimicrobial agent against pathogenic bacteria isolated from aquaculture sites.@Ann. Res. Rev. Biol., 6 (4), 264@No$Lee S.W., Wendy W., Julius Y.F.S. and Desy F.S. (2011).@Characterization of antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer property and chemical composition of Sauropusandrogynus stem extract.@Acta Med. Lit., 18 (1), 12-16.@Yes$Lee S.W., Wendy W., Julius Y.F.S. and Desy F.S. (2011).@Characterization of antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer property and chemical composition of Ficusdeltoidea Jack. leaf extract.@J. Biol. Active Prod. Nat. 1 (1), 1-6.Doi 10.1080/22311866.2011.10719067@Yes$Lee S.W., Wendy W. and Zulhisyam A.K. (2014).@Citrus microcarpa extract as immunostimulator in controlling Edwardsiellosis in African catfish culture.@J. Trop. Res. Sus. Sci., 2(2): 68-71.@Yes$Shelby R.A., Klesius P.H., Shoemaker C.A. and Evans J.J. (2002).@Passive immunization of tilapia, Oreochromisniloticus (L.), with anti-Streptococcus iniae whole sera.@J. Fish. Dis., 25, 1-6. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2761.2002.00327.x@Yes$Chen J., Peng H., Wang X., Shao F., Yuan Z. and Han H. (2014).@Graphene oxide exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacterial phytopathogens and fungal conina by intertwining and membrane perturbation.@Nanoscale., 6(3), 1879-1889. doi: 10.1039/c3nr04941h.@No$Liu S., Zeng T.H., Mario H., Ehdi B., Wei J., Jiang R., Kong J. and Chen Y. (2011).@Antibacterial activity of Graphite, Graphite Oxide, Graphene Oxide, and Reduced Graphene Oxide: Membrane and Oxidative Stress.@ACS Nano., 5(9), 6971-6980. doi:10.1021/nn202451x@Yes$Satish B., Venkateswara R.K., Shilpa C.C.H. and Tejaswi T. (2013).@Synthesis and characterization of grapheme oxide and its antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella and Staphylococcus.@Int. J. Adv. Biotech. Res., 4(1), 142-146.@Yes$Lee S.W. and Najiah M. (2008).@Inhibition of Edwardsiellatarda and other fish pathogens by Allium sativum L. (Alliaceae) extract.@American-Eurasian J. Agric. Environ. Sci., 3 (5), 692-696.@Yes$Lee S.W. and Wendy W. (2013).@Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Cymbopogonnardus citronella essential oil against systemic bacteria of aquatic animals.@Iranian J Microbiol., 5 (2), 147-152.@Yes$Lee S.W., Wendy W., Julius Y.F.S. and Desy F.S. (2011).@Characterization of antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer properties and chemical composition of Malaysian Andrographispaniculata leaf extract.@Pharmacologyonline 2, 996-1002.@Yes$Lee S.W., Wendy W., Julius Y.F.S. and Desy F.S. (2011).@Characterization of Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anticancer property and Chemical Composition of Micheliachampaca Seed and Flower Extracts.@S.J. Pharm Sci., 4(1), 19-24.@Yes$Lee S.W., Najiah M. and Wendy W. (2010).@In vitro antimicrobial activities of Colocasiaesculenta extract against Vibrio spp.@Agricultura 7(1), 5-7.@Yes$Lee S.W., Najiah M., Wendy W. and Nadirah M. (2009).@Chemical composite on and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Syzygiumaromaticum flower bud (Clove) against fish systemic bacteria isolated from aquaculture sites.@Front. Agric. China., 3 (3), 332-336. Doi 10.1007/s11703-009-0052-8@Yes$Lee S.W. and Najiah M. (2009).@Antimicrobial property of 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid isolated from Citrus microcarpaextract.@Agric. Sci. China, 8 (6), 740-745. doi:10.1016/S1671-2927(08) 60291-6.@Yes$Lee S.W., Wendy W., Julius Y.F.S., Desy F.S. and Ahmad A.I. (2010).@Characterization of antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer property and chemical composition of Murdanniabracteata leaf extract.@Pharmacologyonline, 3, 930-936.@Yes$Lee S.W., Wendy W., Julius Y.F.S. and Desy F.S. (2012).@Characterization of Anticancer, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant property and chemical composition of Phyllanthusurinaria Linn. leaf extract.@Pharmacology Online, 49 (10), 670-674@No
<#LINE#>Fish Biodiversity of Alwara lake of District Kaushambi, Uttar Pradesh, India<#LINE#>Verma @Ashok Kumar ,Shri @Prakash <#LINE#>5-9<#LINE#>2.ISCA-RJAVFS-2016-007.pdf<#LINE#>Dept. of Zoology, Govt. P.G. College, Saidabad Allahabad-221508, Uttar Pradesh, India@Department of Zoology, K.A.P.G. College, Allahabad-211001, Uttar Pradesh, India<#LINE#>18/3/2016<#LINE#>9/4/2016<#LINE#>An attempt has been made to study the fish fauna naturally occurring in Alwara lake of district Kaushambi, Uttar Pradesh.  The survey was focussed mainly on fish biodiversity and undertaken during all the 12 months of year 2014. A total of 89 species of fishes belonging to 45 genera, 21 families and 9 orders were identified. Cyprinidae were found most dominant family represented by 41 species followed by Bagridae with 8 species, Anabantidae with 5 species, Ophiocephalidae with 4 species, Schilbeidae with 4 species and Mastacembeleidae with 4 species. Rest other families were represented by 3 or 2 or 1 species. This was the first ever systematic survey on the fish diversity of this lake.<#LINE#>Prakash S., Narain S. and Kumar  S. (2014).@Conservation of the threatened Sarus Crane Grus antigone (Linnaeus, 1758) around Alwara Lake in Kaushambi District, Uttar Pradesh, India.@Journal of Threatened Taxa; 6, 5726-5730. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.11609.@Yes$Verma A.K., Prakash S. and Kumar Sunil (2015).@Status and Ecology of Indian Sarus Crane, Grus antigone antigone in and around the Alwara Lake of District Kaushambi (U.P.).@International Journal on Environmental Sciences, 6(2), 331-335.@Yes$Verma A.K. and Prakash Shri (2016a).@Demographic studies of Indian Sarus Crane, Grus antigone antigone in and around Alwara Lake of District Kaushambi (U.P.), India.@International Journal of Innovative Biological Research, 5(1), 1-4.@Yes$Prakash S., Verma A.K. and Prakash S. (2015a).@Seasonal variation of Zooplankton and Zoobenthos Population in Alwara lake of District Kaushambi (UP) India.@Journal of Zoology Studies, 2(5), 13-16.@Yes$Prakash S., Verma A.K., Kumar S. and Mishra B.K (2015b).@Monthlies variations in phytoplankton density in Alwara lake of District- Kaushambi (U.P.).@Global Journal For Research analysis, 4(12). DOI : 10.15373/22778160/December2015/62.@Yes$Prakash S., Verma A.K. and Prakash Sadguru (2015c).@Limnological Studies of Alwara Lake of Kaushambi (Uttar Pradesh).@International Journal on Biological Sciences, 6(2), 141-144.@Yes$Verma A.K., Prakash S. and Mishra B.K. (2016b).@Phytoplankton diversity in Alwara lake of district Kaushambi (U.P.).@Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 4(1), 170-172.@No$Verma A.K., Kumar S. and Prakash S. (2016c).@Seasonal Correlation between physico-chemical factors and phytoplankton density in Alwara taal of Kaushambi, U. P., India.@International Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 5(3), 40-45.@No$Verma A.K., Prakash S. and Kumar S. (2016d).@Increasing population trends of Indian Sarus Crane, Grus antigone antigone (Linnaeus, 1758) in and around Alwara Lake of District Kaushambi (U.P.), India.@International Journal of Environmental Biology, 6(1), 1-3.@No$Prakash S. and Verma A.K. (2016).@Marital fidelity and congregation of Indian sarus crane, Grus antigone antigone in and around Alwara lake of district Kaushambi (Uttar Pradesh), India.@International Journal of Biological Research, 4(1) doi: 10.14419/ijbr.v4i1. 5692.10-13.@Yes$Jayaram K.C (1981).@The Fresh water fishes of India.@ZSI, 1-438.@Yes$Jhingran V.G. (1983).@Fish and fisheries of India 1st Edn.@Hindustan Publishing Corporation, New Delhi. 660.@No$Bhat A. (2003).@Diversity and composition of freshwater fishes in river systems of Central Western ghats, India.@Environ. Biol. Fish., 68, 25-38.@Yes$Shukla P. and Singh A. (2013).@Distribution and diversity of freshwater fishes in Aami river, Gorakhpur, India.@Adv. Biol. Res., 7(2), 26-31.@Yes$Bhat S.S. and Hegde Anilkumar K. (2014).@A note on fresh water fish diversity in major tributaries of river Bedti of Western ghats region of Karnataka, India.@Res. J. Anim. Vet. Fish. Sci., 2(8), 5-10.@No$Gowda G., Ganapathi Naik M., Rai S.V., Nayak H. and Sruthisree C. (2015).@Fish Biodiversity of Tunga, Bhadra and Tungabhadra Rivers of Karnataka, India.@Research Journal of Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences. 3(10), 1-16.@No$Mishra K.S. (1959).@An aid to identification of the common commercial fishes of India and Pakistan.@Record Indian Museum. 57, 1-320.@Yes$Day F. (1989).@The fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma.@Fishes 2 vol. Taylor and Francis, London.@Yes$Jhingran V.G. (1991).@Fish and Fisheries of India.@Hindustan Publishing Corporation, Delhi, India.@Yes$Jayaram K.C. (1999).@The freshwater fishes of the Indian region.@Narendra Publishing House, Delhi-110006, India. 551.@Yes$Srivastava G. J. (1998).@Fishes of U.P. and Bihar.@Vishwavidalaya Prakashan Chowk, Varanasi, India.@Yes
<#LINE#>Status Report: King Cobra Ophiophagous hannah (Cantor, 1836) (Reptilia: Elapidae) in Mizoram, North East India<#LINE#>Harit@Daya Nand  <#LINE#>10-13<#LINE#>3.ISCA-RJAVFS-2016-009.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, Government Champhai College, Mizoram, 796321, India<#LINE#>27/3/2016<#LINE#>18/4/2016<#LINE#>King cobra Ophiophagous hannah (Cantor, 1836) is a fascinating snake found in India. This is a largest venomous snake which feeds on other snakes, dwelling in deep forests and rarely encountered near human habitation. This is not a very common species of snakes in India. King Cobra is a protected reptile in India under Wildlife (protection) Act, 1972, and hence, any sort of killing and capture is prohibited under the law. Author has encountered some instances of this snake being killed for various reasons in many remote areas of the state. The fact is based on personal observations and other published reports. Main purpose of the paper is to highlights the status of the snake and its conservation needs.<#LINE#>Daniel J.C. (2002).@The Book of Indian Reptiles and Amphibians.@Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai.@Yes$Das I. (2008).@A Pictographic Guide to Snakes and other Reptiles if India.@Om Books International, New Delhi.@No$Gharpurey K.G. (2006).@The Snakes of India.@Asiatic Publishing House, Delhi.@Yes$Shaw Shebbeare and Barker. (2000).@The Snakes of Sikkim and Bengal.@Abe Books, Asiatic Publishing House, Delhi.@Yes$Smith M.A. (2003).@Handbook of Indian Snakes.@Cosmo Publications, New Delhi.@Yes$Wall F. (2000).@The Poisonous Terrestrial Snakes.@Asiatic Publishing House, Delhi.@Yes$Whitaker R and Ashok Captain. (2008).@Snakes of India.@The Field Guide. Draco Books, Chennai.@Yes$Harit D.N. (2008).@Poisonous Snakes in Mizoram, North East India.@Indian J. Environ. and Ecoplanning. 15(1-2), 379-383.@No$Harit D.N. (2009).@King Cobra Ophiophagous hannah (Cantor, 1836) (Reptilia : Elapidae) and its record clutch size in Mizoram, North East India.@Cobra, 3(1), 4-6.@No$Harit D.N. (2012).@Occurrence of Melanistic King Cobra Ophiophagous hannah (Cantor, 1836) (Reptilia : Elapidae) in Mizoram, North East India.@Cobra, 6(2), 24-26.@No$Laltanpuis T.C. et.al. (2008).@Snakes (Reptilia : Serpents) of Mizoram University Campus, Tanhril, Aizawl with a note on their identification keys.@Science Vision, 8(4), 112-127.@No$Mathew R. (2007).@Reptilia.@In, Fauna of Mizoram, Series 14. Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata.@Yes$Narayan Goutan and Lima Rasalind. (1990).@King Cobra Ophiophagous hannah in grassland: an unusual habitat.@J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 87, 309.@No$Kauffeld C.F. (1954).@Manipulation of odour as an aid in feeding captive snakes, with special reference to King Cobras.@Herpetologica, 10, 108-110.@Yes$Wildlife (Protection) Act (1972).@@undefined@No$Vanglaini Mizo daily dated 22nd June (2010).@@undefined@No