@Research Paper <#LINE#>Geometric Morphometric Analysis on Sexual Dimorphism of Guppy Poecilia reticulata in Lake Sebu, South Cotabato, Philippines<#LINE#>Solis@Mythel Faith ,Jordan Arroyo @Jr.,Garcia@Khesed Adonai ,Zapico@Florence ,Requieron @Elani <#LINE#>1-9<#LINE#>ISCA-RJAVFS-2014-018.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Mindanao State University9500 General Santos City, PHILIPPINES@Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Mindanao State University9500 General Santos City, PHILIPPINES@Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Mindanao State University9500 General Santos City, PHILIPPINES@Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Mindanao State University9500 General Santos City, PHILIPPINES@Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Mindanao State University9500 General Santos City, PHILIPPINES<#LINE#>9/5/2014<#LINE#>18/8/2014<#LINE#>Poecilia reticulata is an introduced species in the Philippines which is a native species of Brazil, Guyana, Venezuela, and the Caribbean Islands. It is commonly known as guppy (Peter, 1860). The principal objective of this study is to describe the variations in morphology of the species as well as identify its sexually dimorphic traits using Geometric Morphometric Analysis. A total of 60 (30 males and 30 females) specimens were analysed and fourteen (14) landmark points were digitized in each sample. Relative Warp Analysis (RWA) (Rohlf 2008) was used and scores were subjected to Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) and Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and Canonical Variate Analysis (CVA) of PAST software (Hammer et al., 2009) to determine the substantial variance between body shapes and sexual dimorphism of P. reticulata. The result in the DFA showed substantial variance between body shape of the sexes with females exhibiting wider dentary, along with bloated abdomen. On the other hand, males exhibit more elongated jaw region, posterior anal and ventral caudal fin. The CVA scatterplots also illustrated the sexual dimorphism in the body shape of P. reticulata. that shows no overlapping of plots which remarkably discriminated (separated) the male from female. With the results derived, sexual dimorphism of P. reticulata with the variation of its morphological structure is determined through the Application of Geometric Morphometrics.<#LINE#>Froese R. and Daniel P.@Poecilia reticulate@(2010)@No$Rohlf F.J., tps Dig@digitize landmarks and outlines@version 2.0., Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York at Stony Brook, (2004)@Yes$Ansar A. and Khad F.@Eutrophication: An Ecological Vision@The Botanical Review, 71(4), 449-82 (2005)@Yes$Yanamadala V.@Calcium Carbonate Phosphate Binding Ion Exchange Filtration and Accelerated Denitrification Improve Public Health Standards and CombatEutrophication in Aquatic Ecosystems. Water Environment Research@77(7), 3003-3012, (2005)@Yes$A.H.@Diet of Gambusia affinis holbrooki, Xiphophorus helleri, X. Maculata and Poecilia reticulate (Pices: Poeciliidae) in streams in southeastern Queensland, Australia@Asian Fisheries Science, 2, 193-2112 (1989)@Yes$Amparado R. et. al.@Sexual Dimorphism in Body Shapes on the Three-Spotted Gourami@Trichogaster trichopterus (Pallas, 1770) of Lake Buluan, Mindanao, Philippine, (2010)@Yes$Croft D.P., Arrowsmith B.J., Bielby J., Skinner K., White E, Couzin I.D. et al.@Mechanisms underlying shoal composition in the Trinidadian guppy@Poecilia reticulate, Oikos, 100, 429-438 (2003)@Yes$David K.M.@The Online Guide to the Animals in Trinidad and Tobago – Poecilia reticulate@(2001)@No$D.A.P. Matondo, M.A.J. Torres, S.R.M. Tabugo and C.G. Demayo@Describing variations in scales between sexes of the yellow striped goatfish Upeneus vittatus (Forskǻl, 1775) (Perciformes: Mullideo)@Egypt. Acad. J. Biolog. Sci., 2(1), 37-50 (2010)@Yes$Deacon A.E.@The Behavioural Ecology of the Trinidadian Guppy, Poecilia reticulata@as an Invasive Species, (2010)@Yes$Demayo C. et. al.@Applicatiom of Relative Warp Anlysis in Describing of Scale Shape Morphology of the Snakehead@Fish Poecilia reticulate, (2010)@Yes$Dussault G.V. and Kramer D.L.@Food and feeding behavior of the guppy@Poecilia reticulata (Pisces: an. J. Zool., 59, 684-701 (1981)@Yes$Lippitsch E.@Phylogenetic investigations on the Haplochromine Cichlidae of Lake Kivu (East Africa)@based on lepidological characters, Journal of Fish Biology, 51:284-299.doi:10.1111/ j.1095- 8649.1997.tb01666.x, (1997)@Yes$Bookstein F.@Morphometric tools for landmark data : Geometry and biology, Cambridge : Cambridge University Press@(1991)@Yes$Burns J.G. et. al.@The role of predation in variation in body shape in guppies Poecilia reticulata: a field and common garden phenotypes@(2009)@Yes$Karino K. and Shinjo S.@Female mate preferences based on male orange spot patterns in the feral guppy Poecilia reticulata in Japan@(2004)@Yes$M. Frieb@An application of the relative warps analyses to problems in human paleontology@(2003)@Yes$Hammer O., D.A.T. Harper and P.D. Ryan.@PAST:Paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis@Palaeontologia Electronica, 4(1): 9 http://palaeo -electronica.org/2001_1/past/issue1_01.htm, (2001)@Yes$Nacua S., Torres M.A., Demayo C.@Sexual Dimorphism in Body Shape of Hypseleotris agilis (Herre, 1927) from Lake Lanao@Philippines, (2012)@Yes$@@http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/waterq3/WQassess3f.html, (2014)@No$@@http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/waterq3/wqassess3f.html, (2014)@No$@@http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rbf/CVonline/LOCAL_OPES/AV0910/gelsvartas.pdf, (2014)@No$@@http://www.googleearthphilippines.pbworks.com, (2014)@No <#LINE#>Chronic Exposure to Moderate Hypoxia Impairs Reproductive Success in the Mosquitofish Gambusia Affinis<#LINE#>C.B@Ganesh ,Shinde@Deepak ,Hidkal@Padma S ,Gaikwad @Gayatri B ,Hegde@Pavithra <#LINE#>1-5<#LINE#>ISCA-RJAVFS-2015-003.pdf<#LINE#>Department of studies in Zoology, Karnatak University, Dharwad-580 003, INDIA@Department of studies in Zoology, Karnatak University, Dharwad-580 003, INDIA@Department of studies in Zoology, Karnatak University, Dharwad-580 003, INDIA@Department of studies in Zoology, Karnatak University, Dharwad-580 003, INDIA@Department of studies in Zoology, Karnatak University, Dharwad-580 003, INDIA<#LINE#>7/1/2015<#LINE#>15/1/2015<#LINE#>Increasing incidences of hypoxic environment in aquatic systems is a serious threat to the life of fish. In the present study, chronic effect of moderate hypoxia on reproductive performance was studied in the viviparous fish Gambusia affinis. Exposure of female fish to mild hypoxic condition for a period of 25 days resulted in a general decrease in the body weight and absence of vitellogenic follicles in the ovary compared to controls. Further, the mean number of early embryos (eye-spot stage) did not differ significantly, whereas the mean number of late embryos (yolk sac stage) was higher in hypoxic fish compared to controls. However, the mean number of juveniles produced from hypoxia alone and hypoxic recovery groups remained significantly lower compared to controls. These results suggest that exposure to moderate hypoxia delays the embryonic development at late stage thereby impairs hatching success of juveniles and that exposure to normoxia does not improve the detrimental effect of hypoxia in the viviparous fish G. affinis.<#LINE#>Wetzel R.G.@Limnology: Lake and River Ecosystems@San Diego, CA: Academic Press, (2001)@Yes$Thomas P. and Rahman M.S.@Biomarkers of hypoxia exposure and reproductive function in Atlantic croaker: a review with some preliminary findings from the northern Gulf of Mexico hypoxic zone@J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 381, S38–S50 (2009)@Yes$Stevenson L.H. and Wyman B.,@Hypoxia: Dictionary of environmental science@125 (1991)@Yes$Cheek A., Landry C.A., Steele S.L. and Manning S.@Diel hypoxia in marsh creeks impairs the reproductive capacity of estuarine fish populations@Mar. Ecol. Prog. 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Ser., 88, 181–184 (1992)@Yes$Pyke G.H.@A review of the biology of Gambusia affinis and G. holbrooki@Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish., 15, 339–365 (2005)@Yes$Koya Y., Itazu T. and Inoue M.@Annual reproductive cycle based on histological changes in the ovary of the female mosquitofish@Gambusia affinis, in central Japan, Ichthyological Research., 45, 241-248 (1998)@Yes$Wang S., Yuen S.S.F., Randall D.J., Hung C.Y., Tsui T.K.N., Poon W.L., Lai J.C.C., Zang Y. and Lin H.@Hypoxia inhibits fish spawning via LH dependent final oocyte maturation, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part C.@148, 363–369 (2008)@Yes$Muusze B., Marcon J., Thillart G. and Almeida-Val V.@Hypoxia tolerance of Amazon fish: Respirometry and energy metabolism of the cichlid Astronotus ocellatus, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part A.@120, 151-156 (1998)@Yes$Bagatto B.@Ontogeny of cardiovascular control in zebrafish (Danio rerio): effects of developmental environment@Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part A., 141,391–400 (2005)@Yes$Miller S.C., Gillis T.E. and Wright P.A..@The ontogeny of regulatory control of the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, heart and how this is influenced by chronic hypoxia exposure@J. Exp. Biol., 214, 2065–2072 (2011)@Yes$Shang E.H. and Wu R.S.@Aquatic hypoxia is a teratogen and affects fish embryonic development@Environ. Sci. Technol., 38(18), 4763-4767 (2004)@Yes