@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Biochemical and Fatty Acid Analysis of Faeces in Umblachery Cattle (Bos Indicus) During Different Phases of Estrous Cycle<#LINE#>Gnanamuthu@G.,Rameshkumar@ K. <#LINE#>1-5<#LINE#>1.ISCA-RJAVFS-2014-03.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, Rajah Serfoji Government College (Autonomous), Thanjavur – 613 005, Tamilnadu, INDIA@Department of Zoology, Rajah Serfoji Government College (Autonomous), Thanjavur – 613 005, Tamilnadu, INDIA<#LINE#>24/12/2013<#LINE#>6/1/2014<#LINE#>Mammals release different variety of molecules into the environment, either as specific chemosignals or metabolic byproducts through vaginal fluid, urine, faeces, saliva, milk, sweat and specialized scent glands. The bovine olfactory system has the ability to recognize and discriminate among thousands of structurally diverse odorants, which have access to the behavioural and physiological outputs. This chemical cues are used to pass the signals between individuals conveying information including sex, reproductive status, individual identity, ownership, competitive ability and health status. The complex mixtures of molecules sensed by bovine chemosensory systems and have important influences of behaviours such as mother-young interaction, mate choice and territorial marking. In the present study, it is planned to identify and estimate the biochemicals and fatty acids present in the faecal samples of Umblachery breed cow (Bos indicus) during different phases of estrous cycle. The biochemical estimation showed that protein, carbohydrate and lipid were higher in oestrus phase when compared to all other phases. Further, GC analysis of the faecal samples showed that 20 different fatty acids are identified in all the phases of estrous cycle. The fatty acids like valeric, caproic, myristic, gadoleic and pelargonic acids are found only in estrus not in other phases. Based on the above information, the present study suggests that the qualitative and quantitative presence of certain biochemicals and fatty acids would be reliable indicators of oestrus in bovine. The role of biochemical and fatty acids in animal behaviour must be confirmed by field study. The presence of biochemicals and specific fatty acids in estrus faeces makes the possibility to develop a biomarker for the detection of estrus in Umblachery cattle very accurately.<#LINE#>Phillips C.J.C.@Principle of cattle production@.http://www.cabi.org, CABI Publishing, 1 (2001)@Yes$Lucy M.C.@Reproductive loss in high-producing dairycattle: where will it end?@J Dairy Sci, 84, 1277–1293(2001)@Yes$Royal M.D., Darwash A.O., Flint A.P.F., Webb R.,Woolliaams J.A. and Lamming G.E.@Declining fertility indairy cattle: changes in traditional and endocrineparameters of fertility@Anim Sci, 70, 487–502 (2000)@Yes$Stevenson J.S.@Reproductive management of dairy cowsin high milk-producing herds@J Dairy Sci, 84, 128–143(2001)@Yes$Albone E.S.@Mammalian semiochemistry: theinvestigation of chemical signals between mammals@NewYork: John Wiley & Sons., 360 (1984)@Yes$Brown R.E. and Macdonald D.W.@Social odours inmammals@vol 1. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 500 (1985)@No$Eisenberg J.F. and Kleiman D.G.@Olfactorycommunication in mammals@Annu Rev Ecol Systemat, 3,1–32 (1972)@No$Muller-Schwarze D.@Chemical ecology of vertebrates@.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 578 (2006)@Yes$Ralls K.@Mammalian scent marking@Science, 171, 443–449 (1971)@Yes$Jezierski T.@The effectiveness of estrus detection in cowsby attained dog@Ani. Sci. Papers Rep, 10, 57-65 (1992)@No$Archunan G.@Vertebrate pheromones and their biologicalimportance@Ind. J. Exp. Biol, 2, 227–239 (2009)@Yes$Kimura R.@Volatile substances in feces, urine and urinemarkedfeces of feral horsesm@Can. J. Anim. Sci, 411-420(2001)@Yes$Lowry O.H., Rosenbrough N.J., Farr A.L. and RandallR.J.@Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent@J.Biol. Chem, 193, 265-275 (1951)@Yes$Dubois M., Gilles K.A., Hamilton J.K., Rebers P.A. andSmith F.@Colorimetric method for determination of sugarsand related substances@Anal. Chem, 28, 350-356 (1956)@Yes$Folch A.J., Lees M. and Stanley G.H.@A simple methodfor the isolation and purification of total lipids from animaltissues@J. Biol. Chem, 226, 497-509 (1957)@Yes$Miller L. and Berger T.@Bacteria identification by GC ofwhole cell fatty acids@GC Hewlett Packard ApplicationNote, 228-241 (1985)@No$Zar J.H.@In Bio statistical Analysis, Englewood Cliffes@N.J; Prentice hall. Inc., 3, 123-129 (1984)@No$Rameshkumar K., Renuka R., Prabu T. and Sangeetha P.@Biochemical analysis of bovine (Bos indicus) urine withreference to estrous cycle@Adv. Bio Tech, 12, 43-45 (2012)@No$Boyland E.@The composition of bovine cervical mucusand their reaction with oxidizing agent@J. Biochem, 40,334-337 (1946)@No$Beynon R.J. and Hurst J.L.@Scent wars the chemicalbiology of competitive signalling in mice, Bio Essays@26,1288-1298 (2004)@No$Poddar-Sarkar, M.@The fixative lipid of tiger pheromone@J. Lipid Mediate Cell Signal, 15, 89–101 (1996)@Yes$Kannan S., Rameshkumar K. and Archunan G.@Sexattractants in male preputial gland: Chemical identificationand their role in reproductive behavior in rats@Cur. Sci, 74,689-691 (1998)@Yes$Rameshkumar K. and Archunan G.@Analysis of urinaryfatty acids in bovine (Bos taurus): An effective method forestrus detection@Ind. J. Anim Sci, 76 (9), 669-672 (2006)@Yes$Sankar R. and Archunan G.@Identification of putativepheromones in bovine (Bos taurus) faeces in relation toestrus detection@Anim. Repro. Sci, 103(1-2), 149-153(2008)@Yes$Alagendran S., Archunan G., Rameshkumar K.,Rengarajan R.L., Fernandez G. and Guzman G.@Detection of fatty acids profile in human saliva withspecial reference to ovulation@Inter. J. biol, 3(1), 87-91(2011)@Yes$Rajanarayan S. and Archunan G.@Identification of urinarysex pheromones in female buffaloes and their influence onbull reproductive behavior@Res. J. Vet. Sci, 91, 301–305(2011)@Yes$Sankar R. and Archunan G.@Flehmen response in bull: roleof vaginal mucus and other body fluids of bovine withspecial reference to estrus@Behav. Process, 67, 81–86(2004)@Yes$Brahmachary R.L., Poddar-Sarkar M. and Dutta J.@Chemical signals in the tiger. In: R.L. Doty and D. Mullerschwarze(eds)@che. signals vertebrates VI, (Plenum Press,New York), 471-475 (1992)@Yes$Brahmachary R.L., Dutta J. and Poddar-Sarkar M.@Themarking fluid of tiger@Mammalian, 55, 150-157 (1991)@Yes$Weigerinck W., Setkus A., Buda V., Borg-Karlson A.K.,Mozuraitis R. and de Gee A.@Bovinose: Pheromone-BasedSensor System for Detecting Estrus in Dairy Cows@Procedia Compu. Sci, 7, 340-342 (2011)@Yes
<#LINE#>Growth performance of a Seaweed, Kappaphycus alvarezii under lined earthen pond condition in Tharuvaikulam of Thoothukudi coast, South East of India<#LINE#>Athithan @S. <#LINE#>6-10<#LINE#>2.ISCA-RJAVFS-2013-065.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Coastal Aquaculture, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamilnadu Fisheries University, Tharuvaikulam - 628 105, Thoothukudi District, Tamil Nadu, INDIA<#LINE#>17/12/2013<#LINE#>28/12/2013<#LINE#>The potential for using seaweed by rearing in floating bamboo cage moored at farm unit of Department of Coastal Aquaculture, Tharuvaikulam village of Tamil Nadu coast, South East of India was assessed under lined pond conditions. Seaweed, Kappaphycus alvarezii was grown for 35 days of cultivation in order to evaluate their growth performance in lined pond. Young seaweeds with average weight of 150g was tied in each seeding twine and grown to an average weight of 1350 g in 35 days with average wet weight gain of 1200g. A total wet weight of 259.200 kg / bamboo cage (10 x 10 feet size) was obtained at the end of the 35 days. This result clearly indicates that floating bamboo cage has considerable potential for the cultivation of seaweed in lined ponds, but, requires the careful management of nutrient inputs supply in to the cultivation ponds.<#LINE#>Ask E.I. and Azanza R.@Advances in cultivationtechnology of commercial eucheumatoid species: A reviewwith suggestions for future research. Aquaculture@206,257-277 (2002)@Yes$Smith I.R. and Pestano-Smith R.@Seaweed farming analternative income for small-scale fisherman; A case study.Proceedings of Indo-Pacific Fishers’ Community@19, 715-729 (1980)@No$Smith I.R.@The economics of small-scale 36. Areces, A.J.,1995. Cultivate commercial de seaweed production in the South China Sea region. FAO Fisheries Circular No.@806,26 (1987)@No$Krishnamurthy V.@Marine algal cultivation- Necessity,principles and problems@Proceedings and Seminar on SeaSalt and Plants CSMCRI, Bhavnagar, 327-333 (1967)@Yes$Sreenivasa Rao P.@Laver cultivation in Japan. SaltResearch Industry@4(4), 141-144 (1967)@No$Raju P.V. and Thomas P.C.@Experimental field cultivationof Gracilaria edulis (Gmelin) Silva@Botanica Marina.,14(2), 71-75 (1971)@Yes$Umamaheswara Rao, M.@on the cultivation of Gracilariaedulis in the near shore areas around Mandapam. CurrentSci.@43(20), 660-661 (1974)@No$Chennubhotla V.S.K., Kaliaperumal N. and Kalimuthu S.@Culture of Gracilaria edulis in short waters of Gulf ofMannar (Mandapam) Ind. J. Fish.@21(182), 228-229(1987)@No$Subbaramaiah K., Rama Rao K., Thomas P.C., NairM.R.P., Gopal B.V. and Nagulan V.R.@Cultivation ofGelidiella acerosa. Salt. Research Industry@11(1), 33-36(1975)@No$Rama Rao K.@Studies on Indian HypneaceaeIII. Ecologyand seasonal succession of Hypnea Valentiae (Turn) Mont.A potential agarophyte on South East coast of KurusadaiIsland, Proceedings on Culture and Utilisation of MedicalAroma, Plants, RRL@Jammu (1976), 7-10 (1982)@No$Chennubhotla V.S.K. and Kaliaperumal N.@Proventechnology, Technology of seaweed production, MarineFish Information Service. T. and E. Ser@54(7), 10-20(1983)@No$Paramasivam M. and Devadoss G.G.M.@Effect of growthregulators in the field cultivation of Gracilaria edulis(Gmelin) Silva@Indian J. Marine Sci., 14(4), 230-231(1985)@Yes$Rama Rao K. and Subbaramaiah@A technique for the fieldcultivation of Hypne musciformis (Wulf.) Lamour.@acarrageenophyte. Symposium on Coastal Aquaculture.,(Abstract) M.B.A. I., Cochin, India, 189 (1980)@No$Anantharaman P. and Thirumaran G.@Pilot scalecultivation of some economically mportant seaweeds inVellar estuary@Tamil Nadu, J. Aquatic Biol., 20(2), 216-218 (2005)@No$Mairh O.P., Zodape S.T., Tewari A. and Rajaguru M.R.@Culture of marine red alga Kappaphycus striatum(Schmitz) Doty on the Saurashtra region@West Coast ofIndia, Indian J.Marine Sci., 24, 24-31 (1995)@Yes$Eswaran K., Ghosh P.K. and Mairh. O.P.@Experimentalfield cultivation of Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty ex.P. Silva at Mandapam region@Seaweed Research andUtilisation, 24(1), 67-72 (2002)@Yes$Bindu M.S.@Success in the pilot scale cultivation ofKappaphycus alvarezii in Vizhinjam Bay@South westcoast of India, National Training Workshop on SeaweedFarming and processing for Food, 54-60 (2006)@Yes$Dawes C.J., Kovach C. and Friedlander. M.@Exposure ofGracilaria to various environmental conditions II, Theeffect on fatty acid composition@Botanica Marina, 36,289-296 (1993)@Yes$Hurtado-Ponce A.Q.@Cage culture of Kappaphycusalvarezii var. tambalang@J. Appl. Phycol., 4, 311-313(1992)@Yes$Adnan H. and Porse. H.@Culture of Eucheuma cottonii andEucheuma spinosum in Indonesia@Hydrobiol., 151/152,355-358 (1987)@Yes$Luxton D.M., Robertson M. and Kindley M.J.@Farming ofEucheuma in the South Pacific islands of Fiji,Hydrobiologia@151/152, 359-362 (1987)@Yes$Glenn E.P. and Doty M.S.@Growth of the seaweedsKappaphycus alvarezii, K. striatum and Eucheumadenticulatum as affected by environment in Hawaii,Aquaculture 84@245-255 (1990)@Yes$Msuya F.E. and Neori A.@Ulva reticulata and Gracilariacrassa: macroalgae that can biofilter effluent from tidalfishponds in Tanzania@Western Indian Ocean J. Mar. Sci.,1, 117–126 (2002)@Yes$Hayashi L., De Paula E.J. and Chow F.@Growth rate andcarrageenan analyses in four strains of Kappaphycusalvarezii (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales) farmed in thesubtropical waters of Sao Paulo@Brazil, J. Appl. Phycol.,19, 3093-399 (2007)@Yes$Msuya F.E.@Effects of stocking density and additionalnutrients on growth of the commercially farmed seaweedsEucheuma denticulatum and Kappaphycus alvarezii inZanzibar Tanzania Tanzania Journal of Natural andApplied Sciences@4(1), 605–612 (2013)@Yes