@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Histopathological Change of Malathion Toxicity in Liver and Kidney of Male Rabbits<#LINE#>Adris @M.A.,Abd Elbagi Rasha @M.A.,Elkhair @BMH <#LINE#>1-5<#LINE#>1.ISCA-RJAVFS-2022-001.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine University of Al-Butana, Sudan@Department of Biochemistry, Kamleen Ahlya College, Sudan@Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology Faculty of veterinary Medicine University of Al-Butana<#LINE#>24/4/2022<#LINE#>13/9/2023<#LINE#>Malathion is a widely used organophosphorous pesticide that a large number of populations are undesirably exposing themselves to severe health risk. This study aims to evaluate the histophological change of malathion in rabbits liver and kidneys. The study was conducted on sixty male rabbits divided into three equal groups, twenty rabbits of each group. The rabbits were treated orally with different dose (5 and 15 mg/ kg/day) according tomalathion dose for thirty days. After treatment organs liver and kidney were collected and slides were prepared for reading under light microscope. Urea presented high level in both group low and high dose compared to control, but creatinine presented high level in high dose group. Histopathological change in the liver were mainly represented by; the slide from group (A) low dose indicated mild toxicity of malathion, normal hepatocytes and blood vessels, mild enlargement in the sinusoids and vacuole formations in hepatocytes comparing with the control rabbit while the slide from treatment group (B) high dose showed moderate damage in hepatic tissue including prominent enlargement of sinusoids, congestion of most blood vessels and fatty vacuole formations. Marked in treatment group (B) high dose, highly degeneration of glomeruli, shrinkage of glomeruli and moderate degradation in tubules, also noticed treatment group (A) low dose showed mild shrinkage of glomeruli and mild degradation in tubules of the kidney were noticed. This study concluded that malathion cause toxic effect in low dose and this effect was brightly appear with prolong exposure.<#LINE#>Zhang, J., Li, D., Ge, P., Yang, M., Guo, Y., Zhu, K. Y., ... & Zhang, J. (2013).@RNA interference revealed the roles of two carboxylesterase genes in insecticide detoxification in Locusta migratoria.@Chemosphere, 93(6), 1207-1215.@Yes$Selmis, Rtibk, Gravid, Sebai H, Marzokil, (2017)@Malathion, an organophsphate, provokes metabolic, hi stopathologic and moleculer disorders in liver and Kidney in prepubertmalemice.@Toxicol Rep, 5, 189-195 .@No$Hosseini, S. A., Ahmadipour, A., Soltani, M., & Mehdipour, M. (2020).@Malathion-increased hepatotoxicity in diabetic rats.@Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research.@Yes$Kalender, S., Uzun, F. G., Durak, D., Demir, F., & Kalender, Y. (2010).@Malathion-induced hepatotoxicity in rats: the effects of vitamins C and E.@Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48(2), 633-638.@Yes$Ross, S. M., McManus, I. C., Harrison, V., & Mason, O. (2013).@Neurobehavioral problems following low-level exposure to organophosphate pesticides: a systematic and meta-analytic review.@Critical reviews in toxicology, 43(1), 21-44.@Yes$Possamai, F. P., Fortunato, J. J., Feier, G., Agostinho, F. R., Quevedo, J., Wilhelm Filho, D., & Dal-Pizzol, F. (2007).@Oxidative stress after acute and sub-chronic malathion intoxication in Wistar rats.@Environmental toxicology and pharmacology, 23(2), 198-204.@Yes$Karami-Mohajeri, S., & Abdollahi, M. (2013).@Mitochondrial dysfunction and organophosphorus compounds.@Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 270(1), 39-44.@Yes$Abdel-Daim, M. M., Abushouk, A. I., Bungău, S. G., Bin-Jumah, M., El-Kott, A. F., Shati, A. A., ... & Alkahtani, S. (2020).@Protective effects of thymoquinone and diallyl sulphide against malathion-induced toxicity in rats.@Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27, 10228-10235.@Yes$Mossa, A. T. H., & Abbassy, M. A. (2012).@Adverse Haematological and biochemical effects of certain.@Research Journal of Environmental Toxicology,  6(4), 160-168.@Yes$Priti Sharma, P. S. (2010).@Changes in body weight and blood parameters in albino rat, Rattus norvegicus, toxicated with malathion.@@Yes$Rezg, R., Mornagui, B., El-Arbi, M., Kamoun, A., El-Fazaa, S., & Gharbi, N. (2006).@Effect of subchronic exposure to malathion on glycogen phosphorylase and hexokinase activities in rat liver using native PAGE.@Toxicology, 223(1-2), 9-14.@Yes$Ahmadipour, A., Sharififar, F., Pournamdari, M., Bamkan, A. M., Hosseini, A., Afrapoli, F. M., & Karami-Mohajeri, S. (2016).@Hepatoprotective effect of Zataria Multiflora Boiss against malathion-induced oxidative stress in male rats.@Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine, 16, 287-293.@Yes
<#LINE#>Diet of Micralestes stormsi Boulenger, 1902 (Characiformes: Alestidae) from Djiri River (tributary of the right bank of Congo River)<#LINE#>Marcellin @MIKIA,Louis Régis @DOSSOU-YOVO,Anthelme @TSOUMOU,Durelle Brith Caelle @OLABI-OBATH,Isabelle MADY-GOMA @DIRAT,Henri BANGA @MBOKO <#LINE#>6-13<#LINE#>2.ISCA-RJAVFS-2023-006.pdf<#LINE#>Laboratoire de Recherche en Biologie et Ecologie Animales (LARBEA), Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS), Université Marien NGOUABI, BP 69 Brazzaville, Congo@Laboratoire de Recherche en Biologie et Ecologie Animales (LARBEA), Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS), Université Marien NGOUABI, BP 69 Brazzaville, Congo@Laboratoire de Recherche en Biologie et Ecologie Animales (LARBEA), Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS), Université Marien NGOUABI, BP 69 Brazzaville, Congo@Laboratoire de Recherche en Biologie et Ecologie Animales (LARBEA), Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS), Université Marien NGOUABI, BP 69 Brazzaville, Congo and Faculté des Sciences Appliquées (FSA), Université DENIS SASSOU-N’GUESSO, Udsn.cg Kintélé, Congo@Laboratoire de Recherche en Biologie et Ecologie Animales (LARBEA), Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS), Université Marien NGOUABI, BP 69 Brazzaville, Congo and Faculté des Sciences Appliquées (FSA), Université DENIS SASSOU-N’GUESSO, Udsn.cg Kintélé, Congo@Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Agronomie et de Foresterie (ENSAF), Université Marien NGOUABI, BP 69 Brazzaville, Congo<#LINE#>8/6/2023<#LINE#>24/5/2024<#LINE#>The composition of the diet of 300 specimens of Micralestes stormsi from the Djiri River (northern suburbs of Brazzaville) was studied according to fish size, sampling stations and hydrological seasons. The fish were captured using cast net from January 2010 to December 2012. The results obtained showed that the vacuity index is equal to 22%. The diet of Micralestes stormsi was assessed using the preponderance index (Ip) which combines numerical occurrence (%OC) and weight percentage (%P).Insects (Ip=84.53%) and green algae (Ip=15.47%) constitute the bulk of the diet of Micralestes stormsi; there is no significant variation in diet according to fish size, sampling stations and hydrological seasons. This species has an insectivorous diet.<#LINE#>Kone, T., Kouamelon, E. P., Ouatrara, N. I., & Kicho, A. V. (2007).@Régime alimentaire de Pomadasys jubelini (Pisces, Haemulidae) dans une lagune Ouest africaine (lagune Ebrié, Côte d\@Sciences & Nature, 4(1), 65-73.@Yes$Rosecchi, E., & Nouaze, Y. (1985).@Comparaison de cinq indices alimentaires utilisés dans l@Revue des travaux de l@Yes$Paugy, D. (1994).@Écologie des poissons tropicaux d’un cours d’eau temporaire (Baoulé, haut bassin du Sénégal au Mali): adaptation au milieu et plasticité du régime alimentaire.@Rev. Hydrobiol. Trop, 27(2), 157-172.@Yes$Mady-Goma Dirat, I., Tsoumou, A., & Vouidibio, J. (2006).@Données préliminaires sur l’ichtyofaune de la basse Alima (bassin du Congo).@Mbongui, revue pluridisciplinaire de recherche université Marien Ngouabi, 39-52.@Yes$Mady-Goma Dirat I., (2016).@Peuplement des poissons de la rive droite du Pool Malébo (Fleuve Congo): Bioécologie de Brycinuscomptus (Robert et Stewarz, 1976), Micralestesacutidens (Peters, 1852) et Schilbeintermedius (Rüppel, 1832).@Thèse de Doctorat unique, Université Marien NGOUABI, Brazzaville, 442 p.@No$Ibala Zamba, A. (2010).@Faune des poissons des rivières Luki et Léfini (bassin du Congo): diversité et écologie.@@Yes$Mikia, M., Mady-Goma Dirat, I., Tsoumou, A., Mabanza, J., Vouidibio, J., & Diatewa, M. (2013).@Preliminary Data on the Ichtyofaun of Djiri River (Affluent of right bank of Congo River).@International Research Journal of Environment Sciences, 2(10), 1-6.@Yes$Matthes, H. (1964).@Les poissons du Lac Tumba et de la region d@(No Title).@Yes$Moukolo, N. (1984).@Ressources en eaux souterraine et approvisionnement: essai d@@Yes$Mikia, M., Dirat, I. M. G., Tsoumou, A., & Vouidibio, J. (2018).@Food Habits of Bryconaethiops boulengeri Pellegrin, 1900 (Characiformes: Alestidae) of Djiri River Tributary of the Right Bank of Congo River.@Open Journal of Ecology, 8(9), 510-521.@Yes$Paugy, D. (1994).@Écologie des poissons tropicaux d’un cours d’eau temporaire (Baoulé, haut bassin du Sénégal au Mali): adaptation au milieu et plasticité du régime alimentaire.@Rev. Hydrobiol. Trop, 27(2), 157-172.@Yes$Hynes, H. B. N. (1950).@The food of fresh-water sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus and Pygosteus pungitius), with a review of methods used in studies of the food of fishes.@The journal of animal ecology, 36-58.@Yes$Lauzanne, L. (1988).@Feeding habits of African freshwater fishes.@Biol. Ecol. african Freshw. fishes, 221-242.@Yes$Natarajan, A. V., & Jhingran, A. G. (1961).@Index of preponderance — a method of grading the food elements in the stomach analysis of fishes.@Indian Journal of fisheries, 8(1), 54-59.@Yes$Kouamélan, E. P., Teugels, G. G., Gourène, G., Thys Van Den Audenaerde, D. F. E., & Ollevier, F. (2000).@Habitudes alimentaires de Mormyrops anguilloides (Mormyridae) en milieux lacustre et fluvial d@Cybium, 24(1), 67-79.@Yes$Scherrer B. (1984).@Présentation des données In : Morin G.@édition Biostatistique, 2-123.@No$Schoener, T. W. (1970).@Nonsynchronous spatial overlap of lizards in patchy habitats.@Ecology, 51(3), 408-418.@Yes$Werner, E. E., & Hall, D. J. (1977).@Competition and habitat shift in two sunfishes (Centrarchidae).@Ecology, 58(4), 869-876.@Yes$Lagler K. F., Bardach J.E. & Miller R. R. (1962).@Ichthyology.@New York, USA: Jhon Wiley and SonsInc. 230p.@No$Berte, S., Kouamelon, E. P., Ouattara, N. I., Kone, T., N@Régime alimentaire de Distichodus rostratus (Characiformes, Distichodontidae) dans un bassin Ouest africain (fleuve Bandama, Côte d\@Sciences & Nature, 5(2), 167-176.@Yes
<#LINE#>Determination of Multidrug-resistant Livestock associated Bacteria from Goats, Cows, and Buffaloes in Pokhara Kaski, Nepal<#LINE#>Ganga Sagar @Bhattarai,Dipendra Nath @poudel,Swastika @Gurung <#LINE#>14-17<#LINE#>3.ISCA-RJAVFS-2024-005.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Microbiology, Prithvi Narayan Campus, Tribhuvan University, Pokhara, Nepal@Department of Microbiology, Prithvi Narayan Campus, Tribhuvan University, Pokhara, Nepal@Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal<#LINE#>28/6/2024<#LINE#>8/9/2024<#LINE#>Misuse of antibiotics in people and animals resulted in bacteria becoming resistant to several drugs. Antibiotic abuse is likely rampant among goats, cows, and buffaloes in order to boost growth and reduce production losses. The aim of this study is to determine the multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in goats, cows, and buffaloes. Out of 68 samples that were examined, S. aureus, Bacillus spp., E. coli, Shigella spp., Klebsiella spp., S. epidremidis, and Salmonella spp. were isolated. S. aureus was the most isolated bacteria (91.17%), followed by Bacillus spp. (61.76%), E. coli (48.52%), Shigella spp. (22.05%), Klebsiella spp. (17.64%), S. epidermidis (13.23%), and Salmonella spp. (7.35%). Multidrug resistance was demonstrated by Salmonella spp. and E. coli to at least four antibiotics (Amoxicillin, Tetracycline, Piperacillin, and Ciprofloxacin) and to at least three antibiotics (Amoxicillin, Tetracycline, and Nalidic Acid). The highest-resistant bacteria, Salmonella spp., showed (57.14%) E. coli and Bacillus spp. showed (42.85%), S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and Shigella spp. showed (28.57%), and Klebsiella spp. showed (14.28%). This study demonstrated that healthy farm animals like goats, cows, and buffaloes harbor large concentrations of antibiotic-resistant bacteria that are resistant to tetracycline, amoxicillin, and penicillin. This will probably mean fewer options for antibiotic therapy—for both humans and animals. Therefore, there needs to be tight regulation over the usage, distribution, storage, and sale of antibiotics in veterinary offices.<#LINE#>Government of Nepal, Ministry of Agricultural Development (2015).@Agriculture Development Strategy (ADS) 2015–2035.@Kathmandu, Nepal.@No$Kalumbi, M. H., Katuah, Z. J., Nyirenda, A. E., Katiniche, B., Chinyama, R., & Moyo, D. (2022).@Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Isolates from Chickens, Goats, Cattle and Pigs in Bvumbwe, Malawi.@Appli Microbiol Open Access, 8, 234.@Yes$Acharya, K. P., & Wilson, R. T. (2019).@Antimicrobial Resistance in Nepal.@Frontiers in Medicine, 6, 1–10.@Yes$Price, L. B., Stegger, M., Hasman, H., Aziz, M., Larsen, J., Andersen, P. S., ... & Aarestrup, F. M. (2012).@Staphylococcus aureus CC398: host adaptation and emergence of methicillin resistance in livestock.@MBio, 3(1), 10-1128.@Yes$Taylor, T. A., & Unakal, C. G. (2017).@Staphylococcus aureus infection.@@Yes$Rahimi, H., Saei, H. D., & Ahmadi, M. (2015).@Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus: Frequency and antibiotic resistance in healthy ruminants.@Jundishapur journal of microbiology, 8(10).@Yes$Argudín, M. A., Deplano, A., Meghraoui, A., Dodémont, M., Heinrichs, A., Denis, O., ... & Roisin, S. (2017).@Bacteria from animals as a pool of antimicrobial resistance genes.@Antibiotics, 6(2), 12.@Yes$Haulisah, N. A., Hassan, L., Bejo, S. K., Jajere, S. M., & Ahmad, N. I. (2021).@High levels of antibiotic resistance in isolates from diseased livestock.@Frontiers in veterinary science, 8, 652351.@Yes$Smith, T. C. (2015).@Livestock-associated Staphylococcus aureus: the United States experience.@PLoS pathogens, 11(2), e1004564.@Yes$Arbab, S., Ullah, H., Wang, W., Li, K., Akbar, A., & Zhang, J. (2021).@Isolation and identification of infection‐causing bacteria in dairy animals and determination of their antibiogram.@Journal of Food Quality, 2021(1), 2958304.@Yes$Centeno-Martinez, R. E., Glidden, N., Mohan, S., Davidson, J. L., Fernández-Juricic, E., Boerman, J. P., ... & Johnson, T. A. (2022).@Identification of bovine respiratory disease through the nasal microbiome.@Animal microbiome, 4(1), 15.@Yes