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Eco-friendly Chemical-free Dyeing of Polyester/Cotton Blended Fabrics

Author Affiliations

  • 1Department of Textile Chemistry, Faculty of Technology & Engineering, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara-390 001 (Gujarat), India

Res. J. Recent Sci., Volume 5, Issue (10), Pages 20-25, October,2 (2016)

Abstract

Dyeing of textile fibres encompasses utilization of various chemicals and auxiliaries for various purposes, such as exhaustion of the dyestuff from the dyeing liquor to the textile substrate, fixation of the dyestuff on the substrate, giving identical and level dyeing results, etc. The utilization of these chemicals in the dyebath adds up to the effluent load after the dyeing is complete, which may cause harm to the environment if they are discharged along with the waste water. Moreover, expensive treatment techniques are utilized for the removal of dyes as well as chemicals from the effluent liquor. The present paper deals with a chemical-free dyeing of polyester/cotton blend; to achieve this, physio-chemical alteration of the blended substrate has been performed with a substantially potential synthetic polymeric compound and a suitable cross-linking agent. The conventional colouration of blends of polyester with cotton and other cellulosic substrates with a dyeing system comprising of disperse and reactive dyestuffs implicate the utilization of acidic and alkaline media respectively for the fixation of these dyestuffs on the respective substrates. The application procedure usually employed is either dyeing in two separate dyeing liquors or in a single dyebath in two different steps. The polyacrylic acid polymer was pretreated onto the blend comprising of polyester and cotton components in presence of a cross-linker and subsequently padded with a liquor containing an admixture of disperse and reactive dyestuffs, followed by drying and curing. The dyeing liquor was maintained at a neutral pH without utilization of any auxiliary or chemical in the padding solution. For evaluation of the dyeing performance, the blend samples, dyed by the modified chemical-free dyeing and the conventional methods, were compared with each other for their colour strength and fastness (wash, light and rub) characteristics. Furthermore, the study of the effluent liquors specifies the permissible limits of various effluent parameters, viz. pH, BOD, COD, etc.; the results obtained emphasizes strongly on no additional effluent treatment for the modified polymer assisted neutral dyeing system, thereby substantially reducing the effluent treatment cost, which is generally must for conventional dyeing of such blended substrates. However, an appropriate dye/colour removal practice may be employed for elimination of residual colour of the dyestuffs left in the effluent liquors. Hence, such chemical-free dyeing of blended textiles may be considered as “Green technological approach” for a textile dyer.

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