International E-publication: Publish Projects, Dissertation, Theses, Books, Souvenir, Conference Proceeding with ISBN.  International E-Bulletin: Information/News regarding: Academics and Research

Bone Mineral Density Correlation against Bone Radiograph Texture Analysis: An Alternative Approach

    , , , ,

Author Affiliations

  • 1Department of Computer Science and I.T, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Sciences and Technology, Karachi, PAKISTAN
  • 2 The Indus Hospital, Korangi Creek, Karachi, PAKISTAN

Res. J. Recent Sci., Volume 2, Issue (3), Pages 87-91, February,2 (2013)

Abstract

Osteoporosis is the “Silent disease” in which the microarchitecture of bones becomes weak due to the low bone mass density. This common public health problem has lack of symptoms, and at the moment can only be diagnosed using a technique called dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The DEXA scan of a bone provides bone mineral density (BMD), which is compared against the standard BMD values for diagnoses. The availability of DEXA machine in a third world country like Pakistan is an issue because of its high cost and the high percentage of population living in rural areas with limited health care facilities. The aim of this paper is to review the published work on this subject and suggest a solution that aids early diagnosis of osteoporosis using x-ray radiographs only. An associated problem is the use of T-score and Z-score reference values that are not based on the local population.

References

  1. Kanis J.A., Diagnosis of osteoporosis, Osteoporosis Int., 7,108-116 (1997)
  2. Khuwaja A.K., Nasir A. and Mithani Y., Preventing Osteoporosis Epidemic by Exercise Interventions, Med. today, 3, 140-142 (2005)
  3. Kanis J.A., Melton L.J., Christiansen C., Johnston C.C. and Khaltaev N., The Diagnosis of Osteoporosis, J. of Bone and Mineral Res., 9(8) (1994)
  4. “6.7m suffering from osteoporosis,” Daily Times, Oct 24, (2010)
  5. World Health Organisation [WHO], Chronic diseases and health promotion, http://www.who.int/chp/topics/rheumatic/en, (2011)
  6. Adams J.E., Single and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, Euro. Radiology, 7(2), S20–S31 (1997)
  7. Singh M., Nagrath A.R., Maini P.S., Changes in trabecular pattern of the upper end of the femur as an index of osteoporosis, J. Bone Joint Surg. Am., 52(3), 457–467 (1970)
  8. Mamji M.F., Hasan J.A. and Sabri M.S., Risk Factors for Osteoporosis in Post-Menopausal Women with Hip Fractures, J. of Surgery Pak., 15(2), (2010)
  9. Fatima M., Nawaz H., Kassi M., Rehman R., Kasi P.M., Kassi M., Afghan A.K. and Baloch S.N., Determining the risk factors and prevalence of osteoporosis using quantitative ultrasonography in Pakistani adult women, Singapore Med. J., 50(1), 20-28 (2009)
  10. The Joint Commission, Improving and Measuring Osteoporosis Management, National Pharmaceutical Council, (2008)
  11. Yung C.K., Fook-Chong S. and Chandran M., The prevalence of recognized contributors to secondary osteoporosis in South East Asian men and post-menopausal women. Are Z score diagnostic thresholds useful predictors of their presence?, Arch. Osteoporosis, (2012)
  12. World Health Organisation [WHO], Prevention and management of osteoporosis: report of a WHO scientific group, http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_921.pdf, (2003)
  13. World Health Organisation [WHO], Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal women, WHO Technical Report Series 843, (1994)
  14. Roy D., Swarbrick C., King Y., Pye S., Adams J., Berry J., Silman A. and O’Neill T., Differences in peak bone mass in women of European and South Asian origin can be explained by differences in body size, Osteoporos Int., 16, 1254–1262, (2005)
  15. Alekel D.L., Peterson C.T., Werner R.K., Mortillaro E., Ahmed N. and Kukreja S.C., Frame size, ethnicity, lifestyle, and biologic contributors to areal and volumetric lumbar spine bone mineral density in Indian/Pakistani and American Caucasian pre-menopausal women, J. Clinic Densitometry, 5, 175–186 (2002)
  16. John J.C., Thomas E.L., Bradford J.R., Miriam F.D., Barbara A.C., Paul D.M., Martha M.M., Steven A.L., Charles L.T. and Angelo A.L., DXA-Generated Z-Scores and T-Scores May Differ Substantially and Significantly in Young Adults, J. of Clinical Densitometry, 10(4), 351-358 (2007)
  17. Shakil A., Gimpel N.E., Rizvi H., Siddiqui Z., Ohagi E., Billmeier T.M. and Foster B., Awareness and Prevention of Osteoporosis Among South Asian Women, J. of Community Health, 35, 392–397 (2010)
  18. Malhotra N. and Mithal A., Osteoporosis in Indians, Indian J. Med. Res., 127, 263-268 (2008)
  19. Cromer B.A., Binkovitz L., Ziegler J., Harvey R. and Debanne S.M., Reference values for bone mineral density in 12- to 18-year-old girls categorized by weight, race, and age, Pediatr. Radiol., 34, 787–792 (2004)
  20. Benhamou C. L., Poupon S., Lespessailles E., Loiseau S., Jennane R., Siroux V., Ohley W. and Pothuaud L., Fractal Analysis of Radiographic Trabecular Bone Texture and Bone Mineral Density: Two Complementary Parameters Related to Osteoporotic Fractures, J. of Bone and Mineral Res., 16(4), 697–704 (2001)
  21. Cortet B., Computed Tomography Image Analysis of the Calcaneus in Male Osteoporosis, (2002)
  22. Lespessailles E., Gadois C., Lemineur G., Do-Huu J.P. and Benhamou L., Bone Texture Analysis on Direct Digital Radiographic Images: Precision Study and Relationship with Bone Mineral Density at the Os Calcis, Calcified Tissue Int., 80, 97-102 (2007)
  23. Lee S.H., The Study of the Correlation between Osteoporosis indices using Simple Bone X-ray Film and Bone Mineral Density using Dual Photon Absorptimetry, 1(2), 209-215 (1994)
  24. Veenland J.F., Texture analysis of the radiographic trabecular bone pattern in osteoporosis, PhD Thesis, Erasmus University Rotterdam, ISBN: 90-75655-04-5 (1999)
  25. Karunanithi R., Ganesan S., Panicker T.M.R., Korath M.P. and Jagadeesan K., Assessment of bone mineral density by DXA and the trabecular microarchitecture of the calcaneum by texture analysis in pre and postmenopausal women in the evaluation of osteoporosis, J. Med. Phys., 32(4), 161–168 (2007)
  26. Rachidi M., A. Marchadier A., Gadois C., Lespessailles E., Chappard C. and Benhamou C.L., Laws’ masks descriptors applied to bone texture analysis: an innovative and discriminant tool in osteoporosis, Skeletal Radiol, 37, 541–548 (2008)
  27. Chappard C., Bousson V., Bergot C., Mitton D., Marchadier A., Moser T., Benhamou C.L. and Laredo J.D., Prediction of Femoral Fracture Load: Cross-sectional Study of Texture Analysis and Geometric Measurements on Plain Radiographs versus Bone Mineral Density, Radiology, 255, 536-543 (2010)
  28. Pitt M.J., Morgan S.L., Lopez-Ben R., Steelman R.E., Nunnally N., Burroughs L. and Fineberg N., Association of the presence of bone bars on radiographs and low bone mineral density, Skeletal radiology, 40(7), 905-911 (2011)
  29. Maiti A., Roy S. and Tibarewala D.N., An Approach of Bone Loss Estimation Through Digital Radiography, Int. J. of Engin. Sci. and Tech., 3(6), 5194-5199 (2011)
  30. Sapthagirivasan V. and Anburajan M., Analysis of trabecular proximal femur bone in diagnosing osteoporosis using digital x-ray: A comparison with DXA, IEEE-ICRTIT, (2011)
  31. Pramudito J.T., Soegijoko S., Mengko T.R., Muchtadi F.I. and Wachjudi R.G., Trabecular Pattern Analysis of Proximal Femure Radiographs for Osteoporosis Detection, J. of Biomed. and Pharma. Engin., 1(1), 45-51 (2007)
  32. Karabulut Ö., Tuncer M.C., Karabulut Z., Hatipoğlu1 E.S., Nazaroğlu H. and Akkuş Z., Evaluation of the Singh index and Femur Geometry in Osteoporotic Women, Central Euro. J. of Medicine, 5(5), 601-610 (2010)
  33. Shankar N., Vijay A., Ligesh A.S., Kumar A. and Anburajan M., Comparison of Singh’s Index with Dual energy x-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) in Evaluating Post-menopausal Osteoporosis, IEEE-ICRTIT (2011)
  34. Salamat M.R., Rostampour N., Zofaghari Sh. J., Hoseyni-Panah H. and Javdan M., Comparison of Singh index accuracy and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry bone mineral density measurement for evaluating osteoporosis, Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 8(2), 123-128 (2010)
  35. Materka A. and Strzelecki M., Texture Analysis Methods – A Review, Tech. Uni.of Lodz, Inst. of Elec., COST B11 report, Brussels, (1998)
  36. Raffat S.K., Siddiqui M.S., Shaikh Z.A. and Memon A.R., Ontology: A Scientific Classification Technique, Sindh Uni. Res. J., 44(2AB), 63-68 (2012)
  37. Raffat S.K., Siddiqui M.S., Siddiq M., Shaikh Z.A. and Memon A.R., HBVO: Human Biological Viruses Ontology, Res. J. Recent Sci., 1(10), 45-50 (2012)