@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Evaluation of Phytochemical constituents, Proximate and Fluorescence analysis of ethanolic extract and its fractions of Clerodendrumphilippinum Schauer found in Wayanad region of Kerala, India<#LINE#>Udayan@Darsana,SureshNarayanan@Nair,SreelekhaKana@Padinchareveetil,AjeeshKrishnaThumadath@Palayullaparambil,AdarshKrishnaThumadath@Palayullaparambil,Sanis@Juliet,Ravindran@Reghu,Pradeep@Ayilliath<#LINE#>1-6<#LINE#>1.ISCA-RJCS-2014-118.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala, INDIA @ Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala, INDIA Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Kerala, INDIA<#LINE#>16/7/2014<#LINE#>20/8/2014<#LINE#>Clerodendrum  philippinum Schauer, a member of the family Verbenaceae, is a semi-woody shrub widely distributed in the tropics and subtropics of India. The present study was conducted forphytochemical evaluation, proximate analysis and fluorescent characteristicsof leaves of C. philippinumcollected from Western Ghats of Wayanad. The ethanolic extract and its different fractions subjected to preliminary phytochemical analysis by standard procedures. The extract revealed alkaloids, saponins, glycosides, steroids, phenolic compounds, tannins, flavonoids,fixed oils and fats.The proximateanalysis of the plant leaves revealed dry matter (94.54%), moisture (5.47%), carbohydrates(56.86%), crude fibre (11.36%), ash (8.80%), crude protein (26.25%) and crude fat (2.62%).Fluorescence analysis showed difference in characteristic colour when examined with specificchemical reagents in powdered plant leaves, crude extract and fractions of C. philippinum under visible light and UV light. <#LINE#> @ @ Fredrick C. A., Onyekaba T.U., Charity C. E.,  Chibueze I. and Valentine C. 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Arch., 3(2), 307-310 (2012a) @No $ @ @ Srinivasan, Bhatt K.P., Kumar S.S., Anbu J., Rajarajan A.T., Pillai K.K., Sharma S.K. and Perianayagam J.B., Studies on anti-inflammatory activity of crude aqueous extract of Clerodendron fragrans in experimental animals, Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Lett. , 32-36 (2012) @No $ @ @ Harborne J.B., Phytochemical methods:  Guide to modern techniques of plant analysis,Chapman and Hall, India  2nd edn., 653 (1991) @No $ @ @ Raaman N., Phytochemical techniques. New India Publishing Agency, NewDelhi  40 (2006) @No $ @ @ Rani N.P., Moorthi C., Senthamarai R. and Kathiresan K., A study to explore the pharmacognostic and phytochemical screening of Artemisia nilagirica leaves found in Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu, Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci.,4(4), 441-447 (2012) @No $ @ @ Pathak N.N., Kamra D.N., Agarwal N. and Jakhmola R.C.,Analytical Techniques in Animal Nutrition Research,Istedn, IBD.Co.5-23 (1996) @No $ @ @ James C. 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<#LINE#>Phytochemical investigation Affordedanovel Cycloartanetriterpenoid from Piper thomsoni<#LINE#>Rajeev@Goswami,S.C.@Jain<#LINE#>7-11<#LINE#>2.ISCA-RJCS-2014-126.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110 007, INDIA<#LINE#>3/8/2014<#LINE#>30/8/2014<#LINE#>A Novel alkenyl phenol, 4-(7E-dodecenyl)phenol () and triterpenoid cycloart-23-en-3-one () and also first time from Piper genus 3-22-dihydroxylanosta-8,24-dien-26-oicacid--lactone () were isolated from the leaves and stems DCM:MeOH (1:1) extracts of Piper thomsoni. All isolated compounds structures were definedusing modern spectral techniques.<#LINE#> @ @ Kirtikar K.R. and Basu B.D., Indian Medicinal Plants, III,2128 (1933) @No $ @ @ The Wealth of India, Raw Materials, CSIR, New Delhi, VIII, 83 (1969) @No $ @ @ Il-Kwon P., Sang-Gil L., Sang-Chul S., Ji-Doo P. and Young-Joon A., Larvicidal activity of isobutylamides identified in Piper nigrum fruits against three mosquito species, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50(7), 1866-1870 (2002) @No $ @ @ Dominguez X.A. and Alcorn J.B., Screening of medicinal plants used by Huastec Mayans of Northeastern Mexico, J Ethnophamacol., 13, 139-156 (1985) @No $ @ @ Geran R.I., Greenberg N.H., Macdonald M. M., Schumacher A. M. and Abbott B.J., Cancer Chemotherapy Reports, 3, 59-61 (1972) @No $ @ @ Chahal J., Ohlyan R., Kandale A., Walia A. and Puri S., Introduction, Phytochemistry, traditional uses and biologicalactivity of genus Piper: A review, International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Review and Research, 2(2), 130-144 (2011) @No $ @ @ Kumar S., Kamboj J., Suman and Sharma S., Overview for Various Aspects of the Health Benefits of Piper LongumLinn, Fruit, Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies, 4(2), 134–140 (2011) @No $ @ @ Young-Cheol Y., Sang-Guei L., Hee-Kwon L., Moo-Key K., Sang-Hyun L., and Hoi-Seon L., A piperidine amide extracted from Piper longum L. Fruit shows activity against Aedesaegypti mosquito larvae, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50(13), 3765 - 3767 (2002) @No $ @ @ Chia-Ying L., Wei-Jern T., Damu A. G., E-Jian L., Tian-Shung W., Dung N. X., Thang T. D. and Thanh L., Isolation and Identification of Antiplatelet Aggregatory Principles from the Leaves of Piper lolot; Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55(23), 9436–9442 2007) @No $ @ @ Steven T.S. L., Dragull K., Chung-Shih T., Bittenbender H. C., Efird J. T. and Nerurkar P. V., Effects of Kava Alkaloid, Pipermethystine, and Kavalactones on Oxidative Stress and Cytochrome P450 in F-344 Rats, Toxicological Sciences, 97(1), 214-221 (2007) @No $ @ @ Parmar V. S., Jain S. C., Bisht K. S., Jain R., Taneja P., Jha A., Tyagi O. D., Prasad A. K., Wengel J., Olsen C. E. and Boll P. M., Phytochemistry of the genus Piper, Phytochemistry, 46(4), 597-673 (1997) @No $ @ @ Parmar V. S., Jain S. C., Gupta S., Talwar S., Rajwanshi V. K., Kumar R., Azim A., Malhotra S., Kumar N., Jain R., Sharma N. K., Tyagi O. D., Lawrie S. J., Errington W., Howarth O. W., Olsen C. E., Singh S. K. and Wengel J., Polyphenols and alkaloids from piper species, Phytochemistry, 49(4), 1069-1078 (1998) @No $ @ @ Furlan  M., Roque N. F. and Filho W. W., Cycloartane derivatives from Guareatrichilioides, Phytochemistry, 32(6), 1519-1522 (1993) @No $ @ @ Majumder P. L. and Pal S., A steroidal ester from Coelogyneuniflora, Phytochemistry, 29(8), 2717-2720 1990) 15.McLafferty F. W., Mass Spectrometric Analysis. Molecular Rearrangements, Anal. Chem., 31(1), 82-87 (1959) @No $ @ @ Ageta H. and Arai Y., Fern constituents: Cycloartanetriterpenoids and allied compounds from Polypodiumformosanum and P. niponicum, Phytochemistry, 23(12), 2875-2884 (1984) @No $ @ @ Choi Y., Kinghorn A. D., Shi X., Zhang H. and Teo B. K., Abrusoside A: a new type of highly sweet triterpeneglycoside, J. Chem Soc. Soc., Chem. Commun., 13, 887 1989) @No $ @ @ InoC., Hirotani M. and Furuya T., Two perenniporiol derivatives, lanostane-type triterpenoids, from the cultured mycelia of Perenniporiaochroleuca, Phytochemistry, 23(12), 2885-2888 (1984) @No $ @ @ Dine E., Salah R., Halawany E., Mahmoud A., Norio N., Chao-Mei M. and Masao H., New lanostanetriterpene lactones from the Vietnamese mushroom Ganodermacolossum (FR.) C. F. BAKER., Chem. Pharm. Bull., 56, 642-646 (2008) @No 
<#LINE#>Comparative study of some Ashes of vegetables used in the traditional Preparation of the Soap in Benin<#LINE#>Alexis@TogbeFinagnonCrepin,Dieudonne@WottoV.,AzandegbeEni@Coffi,Gerard@JosseRoger<#LINE#>12-15<#LINE#>3.ISCA-RJCS-2014-132.pdf<#LINE#><#LINE#>10/8/2014<#LINE#>22/8/2014<#LINE#>To improve the quality of the traditional soap, the physico-chemical parameters of ashes of some vegetables (stalks of Sorghum caudatum, rachis of Elaeis guineensis Jacq ., cakes of Gossypium hirsutum, raids of Zeas mays and sheets of Musa paradisiaca) were determined. By the electronic microscopie with scanning coupled with a spectrometer dispersive of energy, elements such as Na, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, and Mn were characterized. The results showed that all the alkaline ashes have a content brought up in mineral elements notably there K (Gossypium hirsutum - 526500 ppm), Ca (Vitellaria paradoxa - 597700 ppm), and Mg (Vitellaria paradoxa - 153600 ppm). So, ashes of Musa paradisiaca, Vitellaria paradoxa and of Carica papaya would not thus be indicated for the preparation of a better soap considering their strong alkalinity capable of irritating the skin. <#LINE#> @ @ Adjanohoun E.J., Eymé J., Dramane K.L., Fouraste I., Lo I., Keïta A., Le Bras M., Lejoly J., Boukef K., On’okolo P., Revue de médecine et pharmacopées africaines, ACCT., 5(2)56-60 (1991) @No $ @ @ Abayomi S., Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine in Africa. 2nd Edition, Karthala:, Lagos, Nigeria (2010) @No $ @ @ Picard H., Therapeutic use of oligo-elements. 1st Edition. Maloine, Paris  (1993) @No $ @ @ Amoussouga H., " Acoto " or " Black soap " studies of the properties antiseptics. Doctoral thesis: pharmacy: Bordeaux II : N°75 (1992) @No $ @ @ Gaye M. 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<#LINE#>Simple Grinding, Catalyst-free, One-Pot, Three-Component Synthesis of Polysubstituted Amino Pyrazole<#LINE#>PravinS.@Bhale,SakharamB.@Dongare,UmakantB.@Chanshetti<#LINE#>16-21<#LINE#>4.ISCA-RJCS-2014-133.pdf<#LINE#><#LINE#>13/8/2014<#LINE#>2/9/2014<#LINE#>An efficient, one-pot, three-component catalyst free synthesis of various biologically important heterocyclic compounds is described by simple grinding of aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile, and phenyl hydrazine. <#LINE#> @ @ Hasaninejad A., Zare A. and Shekouhy M., Sulfuric acid modified PEG-6000 (PEG-OSO3H): an efficient, bio-degradable and reusable polymeric catalyst for the solvent-free synthesis of poly-substituted quinolines under microwave irradiation, Green Chem, 13, 958–964 (2011) @No $ @ @ Hasaninejad A., Zare A. and Shekouhy M., Catalyst-free one-pot four component synthesis of polysubstituted imidazoles in neutral. 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Heterocycl Chem 35, 1493–1499 (1998) @No $ @ @ Kumar V., Aggarwal R., Tyagi P. and Singh S.P., Synthesis and antibacterial activity of some new 1-heteroaryl-5-amino-4-phenyl- 3-trifluoromethylpyrazoles, Eur J Med Chem.,40, 922–927 (2005) @No $ @ @ Penning T.D., Talley J.J., Bertenshaw S.R., Carter J.S., Collins P.W., Doctor S., Graneto M.J., Lee L.F., Malecha J.W., Miyashiro J.M., Rogers R.S., Rogier D.J., Yu S.S., Anderson G.D., Burton E.G., Cogburn J.N., Gregory S.A., Koboldt C.M., Perkins W.E., Seibert K., Veenhuizen A.W., Zhang Y.Y., Isakson P.C., Synthesis and biological evaluation of the 1, 5-diarylpyrazole class of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors:? identification of 4-[5-(4-methylphenyl)-3- (trifluoromethyl)-1pyrazol- 1-yl]benzenesulfonamide (SC-58635, celecoxib), J Med Chem,  40, 1347–1365 (1997) @No $ @ @ Terrett NK, Bell AS, Brown D, Ellis P Sildenafil (VIAGRATM), a potent and selective inhibitor of type 5 cGMP phosphodiesterase with utility for the treatment of male erectile dysfunction, Bioorg Med Chem Lett., 6, 1819–1824 (1996) @No $ @ @ Varvounis G, Fiamegos Y, Pilidis G Pyrazol-3-ones. Part II: reactions of the ring atoms, Adv Heterocycl Chem.,  87, 141–272(2004) @No $ @ @ Salaheldin A.M., Oliveira-Campos A.M.F., Rodrigues L.M., N-Bromosuccinimide assisted oxidation of 5-aminopyrazoles: formation of bis diazenylderivatives, Tetrahedron Lett48, 8819–8822 (2007) @No $ @ @ Varvounis G., Fiamegos Y., PilidisGPyrazol-3-ones, Part III: reactivity of the ring substituents, Adv Heterocycl, Chem.,  95, 27–141(2007) @No $ @ @ Martin R., Rivero M.R., Buchwald S.L., Domino Cu-catalyzed C–Ncoupling/hydroamidation: a highly efficient synthesis of nitrogen heterocycles, AngewChem Int Ed Engl,45, 7079–7082 (2006) @No $ @ @ Hasaninejad A., Shekouhy M., Golzar N., Zare A. and Doroodmand M.M., Silica bonded n -propyl-4-aza-1- azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane chloride (SB-DABCO): a highly efficient, reusable and new heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of 4 H -benzo[b] pyran derivatives, Appl Catal A: General,402, 11–22 (2011) @No
<#LINE#>Novel Thermotropic Liquid Crystals with Lateral Aryl Substituent<#LINE#>Sandhya@Dixit<#LINE#>22-26<#LINE#>5.ISCA-RJCS-2014-135.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Technology and Engineering, The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara -390 001, Gujarat, INDIA<#LINE#>14/8/2014<#LINE#>5/9/2014<#LINE#>A  novel mesogenic homologous series 4 - carbethoxy 2’, 4’–bis (4”-n-alkoxy benzoyloxy) azobenzenes has been synthesized by fixing a rigid 4- carbethoxy  phenyl azo group to a resorcinol moiety and both the phenolic hydroxyl groups are esterified by 4-n alkoxy benzoyl groups.  The lower homologues of the series exhibit monotropic smectic mesophases whereas  the higher homologues exhibit enantiotropic smectic mesophases. The synthesized compounds  were characterized by a combination of elemental analysis and  IR and NMR spectroscopy. Their mesomorphic properties are discussed and  compared with those of structurally related homologous series.  The impact of the lateral aryl segment on mesomorphism is also discussed. <#LINE#> @ @ Colling P.J. and Hird M., Introduction to Liquid Crystals - Chemistry and  Physics, Taylor & Francis; London, UK, 48 (1997) @No $ @ @ Kumar S., Experimental Study of Physical Properties and Phase Transitions, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2001) @No $ @ @ Naoum M.M., Mansour A.A. and Bayoumy A.A., Facile synthesis and mesomorphic properties of 4- hydroxybutyl4-(4-alkoxybenzoyloxy) benzoate mesogens, Liq. Cryst., 27, 177-181 (2000) @No $ @ @ Naoum M M., Mansour A.A. and Bayoumy A.A., Effect of molecular structure on the phase behavior of some liquid crystalline compounds and their mixtures V-II, Ternary mixtures of enantiotrops, Liq. Cryst., 27, 243-247 (2000) @No $ @ @ Naoum M.M., Nessim R.I. and Labeeb T.Y., Liq. Cryst., 27, 889-895 (2000) @No $ @ @ Ruslim C., and Ichimura K., Z- isomers of azobenzene highly compatible with  liquid crystals, Chem. Lett., 789-790 (1998) @No $ @ @ Kozlovsky M.V., Shibaev V.P., Stakhanov A.I., Weyrauch T., and Iaase W.I., A new approach to photorecording based on hindering the TGBA*-Sm A* phase transition in photochromic, Liq. Cryst., 24, 759-767 (1998) @No $ @ @ Shibaev V.P., Kostomin S.A., and Ivanov S.A., Chiral Liquid Crystal Polymers  In Polymers as Electro  Optically and Photo-Optically Active Media, V.P. Shibaev (Ed), Springer: Berlin, 37 (1996) @No $ @ @ Ikeda T. and Tsutsumi O., Optical Switching and Image storage by means of azobenzene liquid crystal film, Science, 268, 1873 (1995) @No $ @ @ Anderle K. and Wendorff J., Holographic recording using liquid crystalline side chain polymers, Mole. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 243, 51-75 (1994) @No $ @ @ Janossy I. and Lloyd A.D., Low power optical reorientation in dyed nematics, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 203, 77-84 (1991) @No $ @ @ Dixit S. and Vora R.A. Azomesogens having a lateral hydroxy substituent,  Mol.Cryst.Liq.Cryst., 501, 43-52 (2009) @No $ @ @ Dixit S. and Vora R.A., Novel azoester compounds with a lateral methyl substituent, Mol.Cryst.Liq.Cryst., 592, 133-140(2014) @No $ @ @ Imrie C. and Taylor L., The preparation and properties of low molar mass liquid crystals possessing lateral alkyl chains, Liq. Cryst., , 1-10 (1989) @No $ @ @ Baumeister U., Kosturkiewicz Z. Hartung H., Demus D. and Weissflog W., Thermotropic liquid crystalline compound with lateral long chain substituent, crystal and molecular structure of mesogenic 4-ethoxy 3-(4-ethoxy phenyliminomethyl)-4‘-(4-methoxybenzoyloxy) azobenzenes, Liq. Cryst., 7(2), 241-249 (1990)@No $ @ @ Berdage P., Bayle J.P., Ho M.S. and Fung B.M., New laterally aromatic branched liquid crystal materials with large nematic ranges, Liq. Cryst., 14, 667- 674  (1993) @No $ @ @ Vora R.A., Prajapati A.K. and Kevat J.B., Mesogenic properties and the effect of 1,2,4-trisubstitution on the central  benzene nucleus of a three ring mesogen,  Liq. Cryst. 28, 7, 983- 989 (2001) @No $ @ @ Dave J.S. and Vora R.A., In Liquid Crystals And Ordered Fluids  Edited By J. F.Johnson and R.S. Porter (Plenum Press, New York), 477 (1970) @No $ @ @ Vogel A.I., In Text Book Of Practical Organic Chemistry, thEdn. ELBS and Longman group,  946 (1989) @No $ @ @ Ganatra K.J., and Bhoya U.C., Study of homologous series of azomesogens with lateral aromatic branch, Mole Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 487, 110-116 (2008) @No $ @ @  Gray G.W., In Molecular Structure and Properties of Liquid Crystals, Academic Press, London, (1962) @No 
<#LINE#>Comparative study and chemical analysis of some important macrophytes of Nagchoon pond of Khandwa District, MP, India<#LINE#>Saroj@Mahajan<#LINE#>27-33<#LINE#>6.ISCA-RJCS-2014-138.pdf<#LINE#> G.M.L.B.G P.G. College Kilabhawan, Indore, MP, INDIA<#LINE#>21/8/2014<#LINE#>10/9/2014<#LINE#>Macrophytesare aquatic vascular plants, it also include liverworts, ferns,aquatic mosses,  and larger macroalgae. Three types of macrophytes are recognized: free floating, submerged, and  emergent .These macrophytes grow in an aquatic ecosystem and it perform numbers of important environmental functions like water purification, ground water level recharge, augment and maintain stream flow, recycling of nutrients and provide habitat for wide variety of flora and fauna. Macrophytes are important components of freshwater ecosystems because they enhance physical structure of habitat and biological complexity, which increase biodiversity within littoral zones. The Nagchoon Pond represented byvarious macrophytic species.  The chemical analysis of some important  macrophytic species and their  observations recorded during both the study year .The chemical parameter like Calcium, Magnesium, Chloride, Nitrate, sulphate, and Phosphate studied  for two different phases (Vegetative phase and Flowering phase) for life cycle of macrophytes.<#LINE#> @ @ Singh J.P., Singh S. and Khanna D.R., Water quality status of river Ganga in respect of physico-chemical, microbial characteristics at Anupshahar Dist. Buland, U.P., Trop.Ecol.,  (19) 178-188 (2006) @No $ @ @ Heegaard E., Birsks H.H., Gibson C.E., Smith S.J. and Murphy S.W.,  Species environmental relationships of aquatic macrophyte in Northern Ireland, Aquatic Botany,  (70), 175-223 ( 2001) @No $ @ @ Esteves F.A. and R. Barbieri, Dry weight and chemical changes during decomposition of tropical macrophytes in Lobo reservior Sao paulo, Brazil, Aquatic. Bot, (16) 285-295 (1983) @No $ @ @ Gerloffa G.C. and Krombholz P.H., Tissue analysis as a measure of nutrient availability for the growth of angiosperm aquatic plants, Limno.Oceanog-graphy, (11), 529-537 (1966) @No $ @ @ Howard -Williams C., Cycling and retention of nitrogen and phosphorus in wetlands: a theoretic and applied perspective, Freshwater Biol, (15), 391-431 (1985) @No $ @ @ Riemer D.N. and Toth S.J., Chemical composition of five species of Nymphaeaceae, Weed Sci , (18), 04-6 (1970) @No $ @ @ Allen S.E., Grimshaw H.M., Parikinson J.M. and Quarmby C., Chemical Analysis of Ecological material, John Wiley and Sons Inc.New York, 565  (1974) @No $ @ @ Boyd C.E., Chemical analysis of some vascular aquatic plants,  Arch.Hydrobiol, (67), 78-85 (1970) @No $ @ @ Vyas L.N., A study of primary productivity and nutrient cycling in a lake, Ph.D. thesis.Vikram University, Ujjain (1973) @No $ @ @ Singhal P.K., Chemical and productional characters of Lemnids, In: BrijGopal et.al. (eds), Wetlands: Ecology and Management, 97-103 (1982) @No $ @ @ Sankhla S.K., Studies in the Hydrobiology of Baghela Tank, Udaipur(South Rajasthan), Ph. D Thesis, university of Udaipur (1981) @No $ @ @ Giri U., Studies on photosynthesis and primary production of some dominant macrophytes of upper lake Bhopal, Ph,D. Thesis, Barkatullah University, Bhopal (1994) @No $ @ @ Shaikh R., Studies of moist bank community structure and production of Bilawali Talab, Indore, Ph.D. Thesis, D.A.V.V. Indore (1996) @No $ @ @ Shrivastava A., Studies on the macrophytic vegetation of Pipalyapala talab, Indore, Ph.D. Thesis. D.A.V.V. Indore  (1996) @No 
<#LINE#>Adsorption of Benzene on Activated Carbon from Agricultural Waste Materials<#LINE#>J.G.@Akpa,C.G.J.@Nmegbu<#LINE#>34-40<#LINE#>7.ISCA-RJCS-2014-139.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Chemical/Petrochemical Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, NIGERIA  @ Department of Petroleum Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, NIGERIA <#LINE#>22/8/2014<#LINE#>9/9/2014<#LINE#>Activated carbon was produced from three carbon rich agricultural waste materials; bamboo, coconut and palm kernel shells by pyrolysis and chemical activation (using tri oxo nitrate (v) acid (HNO)). The activated carbons were characterized and used as adsorbent for the removal of benzene from aqueous solution. The effects of various parameters such as particle size, adsorbent dosage and initial benzene concentration on the adsorption efficiency of the activated carbons were investigated. Benzene adsorption decreased with increase in particle size of activated carbon, decrease was minimal with activated carbon produced from bamboo. Benzene adsorption increased with increase in adsorbent dosage. Increase in initial benzene concentration resulted in increased adsorption using activated carbon from coconut and palm kernel shells; a decrease in adsorption using activated carbon from bamboo.<#LINE#> @ @ Rajoriya R.K., Prasad B., Mishra I.M. and Wasewar K.L., Adsorption of Benzaldehyde on Granular Activated carbon: Kinetics, Equilibrium and Thermodynamics, Chem. Biochem. Eng. Q21(3), 219-226 (2011) @No $ @ @ Arriagada Y.T., Activated Carbon, Journal of Science and Technology, Elsevier Pub, 5( 2), 81–87, (2001) @No $ @ @ Yantasee W., Lin Y., Fryxell G.E., Alford K.L., Busche B.J. and Johnson C.D., Selective removal of Copper (II) from aqueous solutions using Fine Grained Activated Carbon Functionized with Amine, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.,43, 2759-2764 (2004) @No $ @ @ Monser L. and Adhoum N., Modified activated carbon for the removal of copper, zinc, chromium, and cyanide from wastewater, Separation and Purification Technology, 26(2-), 137-146 (2002) @No $ @ @ Budinova F.N., Production and Characterization of Activated Carbon, Chem. Int’l, 4(12), 200-209 (2006) @No $ @ @ Eddleston D.D., The Use of Granulated Activated Charcoal, World Science, 46(6), 528-533, (2008) @No $ @ @ Awoyale, A. A., Eloka-Eboka, A. C. and Odubiyi, O. A., Production and Experimental Efficiency of activated carbon from local waste bamboo for waste water Treatment, International Journal of Engineering and Applied Science, 3(2), 8-17, (2013) @No $ @ @ Kalderis, D., Bethanis, S., Paraskeva, P. and Diamadopoulos, E., Production of activated carbon from bagasse and rice husk by a single-stage chemical activation method at low retention times, Bioresource Technology, 99(15), 6809-6816, (2008) @No $ @ @ Romanos  J., Beckner M., Rash T., Firlej L., Kuchta B., Yu P., Suppes G., Wexler C. and Pfeifer, P., Nanospace engineering of KOH activated carbon, Nanotechnology, 23(1), 15401, (2012) @No $ @ @ Cobb, A., Warms, M., Manner, E. P. and Chiesa, S., Low-Tech coconut shell activated charcoal product, International Journal for Service Learning in Engineering, 7(1), 93-104, (2012) @No $ @ @ Lua, A. C. and Guo, J., Preparation and characterization of activated carbons from oil-palm stones for gas-phase adsorption, Colloids and Surfaces A, 179(2-3), 151-162, (2001) @No $ @ @ Ahmedna M, Marshall W.E. and Rao R.M., Granular activated carbons from agricultural by –products: preparation properties and application in cane sugar refining, Bulletin of Louisana state University Agricultural centre, 54 ( 2000) @No $ @ @ Khalil H.P.S.A., Jawaid M., Fiwoziam P., Umar R., Aminal I. and Hazizan Md. A., Activated carbon from various Agricultural wastes by chemical activation with KOH: Preparation and Characterization, Journal of Biobased Material and Bio energy, 7(5), 1-7, (2013) @No $ @ @ Gupta V.K. and Imran A., Removal of lead and chromium from waste water using bagasses fly ash – a sugar industry waste, Journal of colloid Interface Science, 271(2), 321-328, (2004) @No $ @ @ Ahmadpour A. and Do D.D., The preparation of activated carbon from macadamia nutshell by chemical activation, Carbon, 35, 1723-1732. (1997) @No $ @ @ Guo Y., Yu K., Wang Z. and Xu H., Effects of activation conditions in preparation of porous carbon from rice husk, Carbon, 41, 1645-1648, (2003) @No $ @ @ Haimour N.M. and Emeish S., Utilization of date stones for production of activated carbon using phosphoric acid, Waste management, 26 (6), 651-660, (2006) @No $ @ @ Sentorun,-Shalaby C., Ucak-Astarlioglu M.G., Artok L. and Sarici C., Preparation and Characterization of activated carbon by one-step stem pyrolysis/activation from apricot stones, Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 88(1-3), 126-134, (2006) @No $ @ @ Stavropoulos G.G. and Zabaniotou A.A., Production and Characterization of activated carbons from olive-seed waste residue, Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 82(1-2), 79-85, (2005) @No $ @ @ Lua A.C. and Guo J., Preparation and characterisation of chars from oil palm waste, Carbon, 36, 1663-1670, (1998) @No $ @ @ Evbuomwari B.O., Agbede A.M. and Atuka M.M., A Comparative Study of the physio-chemical properties of Activated Carbon from oil palm waste, International Journal of Science and Engineering Investigations, 2(19), 75-79 (2013) @No $ @ @ Huff J., Benzene-induced cancers: abridged history and occupational health impact, Int. J Occup. Environ. Health, 13(2), 213–221, (2007) PMID 17718179 @No $ @ @ Ademuliyi T., Production of Activated Carbon from Agricultural Wastes, AIChE, 34, 59-62 (2008) @No $ @ @ ASTM D2867 – 09, Standard Test method for Moisture in Activated Carbon, www.astm.org/standards/D2867.htm, (2009) @No $ @ @ ASTM D2866 – 94, Standard Test method for Total ash Content of Activated Carbon, www.astm.org/Data Base, (2004) @No $ @ @ Ariyadejwanich P., Tanthapanichakoon W., Nakagawa K., Mukai S.R. and Tamon H., Preparation and characterization of mesoporous activated carbon from waste tires, Carbon, 41, 157-164, (2003) @No $ @ @ Narbaitz R.M. and Karimi-Jashni A., Electrochemical regeneration of granular activated carbons loaded with phenol and natural organic matter, Environmental Technology, 30(1), 27–36, (2009) @No $ @ @ Yao S., Liu Z. and Shi Z., Arsenic removal from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto Iron oxide/activated carbon magnetic composite, Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering, 12, 58 (2014) @No $ @ @ Bazrafshan E., Faridi H., Kord M.F. and Mahvi A.H., Arsenic removal from aqueous environments usingmoringa peregrinaseed extract as a natural coagulant,Asian J Chem.,25, 3557-3561 (2013) @No
<#LINE#>Application of Microwave in Textile Printing of Cellulosic Fabrics<#LINE#>I.@Abdel-Thalouth,A.A.@Ragheb,M.@Rekaby,H.M.@El-Hennawi,A.A.@Shahin,K.@Haggag<#LINE#>41-46<#LINE#>8.ISCA-RJCS-2014-141.pdf<#LINE#> National Research Centre, Textile Research Division, Dyeing, Printing and Textile Auxiliaries Dept., El-Behouth Str., Dokki, Cairo, EGYPT <#LINE#>27/8/2014<#LINE#>7/9/2014<#LINE#>Two different commercial reactive dyes; namely Cibacrox Brown P6R and Livafix Brilliant Red P-B were used in printing of cotton fabrics via screen printing technique. The printed fabrics were subjected to microwave irradiation for different periods of time at a power ranging between400– 800 W. Another series of samples were subjected to microwave irradiation at different temperatures 50 – 150oC. The colour strength of the microwave-assisted printed fabrics was compared with that of cotton fabric printed with the same paste, dried and subjected to fixation according to the conventional technique (steaming at 102oC for 15min or thermo fixation for 5 min at 150oC). The obtained results clarified that, the colour strength of the printed fabrics increases as a function of the same microwave power and the exposure time. It was also found that the most effective factor in fixation of the colour from the microwave-assisted printed fabric is the heat energy. Generally speaking, microwave-assisted printed samples acquired K/S similar or higher than that obtained by the conventional thermo fixation technique.<#LINE#> @ @ Chinta S.K. and S. Vijay Kumar, Technical facts & figures of reactive dyes used in textiles, International Journal of Engineering and Management Sciences,4(3), 308-312 (2013) @No $ @ @ Tappe H., et al., Reactive Dyes, in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH: Weinheim (2000) @No $ @ @ Ojstršek A., Doliška A. and Fakin D., Analysis of Reactive Dyestuffs and their Hydrolysis by Capillary Electrophoresis, Analytical Sciences December, 24, 1581- 1587 (2008) @No $ @ @ Vijayageetha V.A., et al., Treatment Study of Dyeing Industry Effluents using Reverse Osmosis Technology, Research Journal of Recent Sciences,3(ISC-2013) 58-61 (2012) @No $ @ @ Al-Mousawi S., M. El-Apasery and M. Elnagdi, Microwave Assisted Dyeing of Polyester Fabrics with Disperse Dyes, Molecules, 18(9), 11033-11043 (2013) @No $ @ @ Öner E., Y. Büyükakinci and N. Sökmen, Microwave-assisted dyeing of poly(butylene terephthalate) fabrics with disperse dyes, Coloration Technology, 129(2), 125-130 (2013) @No $ @ @ Ahmed N.S.E. and R.M. El-Shishtawy, The use of new technologies in coloration of textile fibers, Journal of Materials Science, 45(5), 1143-1153 (2010) @No $ @ @ Bhat N.V., M.J. Kale and A.V. Gore, Microwave Radiations For Heat-Setting Of Polyester Fibers, Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, 4), 1-6 (2009) @No $ @ @ Haggag K., A Review Article of Microwave Irradiation and its Application in Textile Industries, Science Publishing Group (2014) @No $ @ @ Hanna H.L., Haggag K. and El-Shemy N.S., Effect of Microwave irradiation of properties of polyamide Fabric. in 18thEgyptian International Chemical Conference, Chemistry of Human Needs,  Hurghada, Egypt 2009  @No $ @ @ Kappe C.O., Stadler A. and Dallinger D., Microwaves in Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, 2nd Edn. ed, ed. R. Mannhold, H. Kubinyi, and G. Folkers. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH (2012) @No $ @ @ Nourmohammadian F. and Gholami M.D., An Investigation of the Dyeability of Acrylic Fiber Via Microwave Irradiation, Progress In Color, Colorants And Coatings, 1(1), 57-63 (2008) @No $ @ @ Lin L., et al., Dyeability of Flax Fabric Improved by Urea, Journal of Natural Science of Heilongjiang University,22,74-77 (2005) @No $ @ @ Sun H., et al., The improvement of dyeability of flax fibre by microwave treatment, Pigment & Resin Technology, 34(4), 190-196 (2005) @No $ @ @ Ke G., et al., Effects of corona discharge treatment on the surface properties of wool fabrics, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 207(1–3), 125-129 (2008) @No $ @ @ Yoshimura Y., et al., Effect of Microwave Heating on Dyeing, Sen'i Gakkaishi,63(6), 146-151 (2007) @No $ @ @ Xue Z., et al., Improvement in dyeability of wool fabric by microwave treatment, Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research,36(1),  58-62 (2011) @No $ @ @ Ahmed K.A., et al., Microwave Synthesis - A Prospective Tool for Green Chemistry and Its Textile Application, Saarbrücken, Germany: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing AG & Co. KG (2013) @No $ @ @ Hancock A. and Lin L., Challenges of UV curable ink-jet printing inks-a formulator's perspective, Pigment and Resin Technology, 33(5), 280-286 (2004) @No $ @ @ Savanor Prasanna M., et al., Synthesis, Characterization and Solvatochromic studies of 3-{2-(5-Bromothiazol-2-yl) diazeny l}-4-Bromopyridine-2, 6-Diamine, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences,3(8), 38-43 (2013) @No $ @ @ Ahmed K.A., H.M. El-Hennawi and M.A., El-Kashouti, Microwave Assists the Synthesis of Pyridone azo Dyes and their Application in Polyester Printing, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 2(11) 14-19 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ahmed K.A., et al., Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Fluorescent Dyes using Microwave Irradiation, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 3(4), 1-16 (2013) @No $ @ @ Prabhakar Y., Prasad K.R.S. and Kumar J.V.S., Microwave assisted synthesis of 3-(4-Ethylbenzyl)-1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-6-(methylthio)-1, 3, 5-triazine-2, 4 (1H, 3H)-dione derivatives Under solvent free condition with high yields, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(ISC-2011) 105-109 (2012) @No $ @ @ Abo-Shosha M.H., et al., Utilization of Some Fatty Acid/PEG Condensates as Emulsifiers in Kerosene Paste Pigment Printing, Research Journal of Textile and Apparel,13(1), 65-77 (2009) @No $ @ @ AATCC, Colour Fastness to Crocking, in Technical Manual Method,American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, 23-25 (1993) @No $ @ @ AATCC, Colour Fastness to Light: Carbon – Arc Lamb, Continuous Light, in Technical Manual Method,American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, 33-48  199327.AATCC, Colour Fastness to Perspiration, in Technical Manual MethodAmerican Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, 30-32, (1993) @No $ @ @ AATCC, Colour Fastness to Washing: Characterization of Textile Colorants, in Technical Manual MethodAmerican Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, 89 (1993) @No $ @ @ Kubelka P. and Munk F., Ein Beitrag zur Optik der Farbanstriche, Z. Tech. Phys., 12, 593 (1931) @No $ @ @ Mehta K.T., et al., Estimation of the Kubelka--Munk scattering coefficient from single particle scattering parameters, Dyes Pigments,5(5), 329-340 (1984) @No $ @ @ Waly A.I., et al., Processes of Dyeing, Finishing and Flame Retardancy of Cellulosic Textiles in the Presence of Reactive Tertiary Amines, Research Journal of Textile and Apparel, 16(3), 66-84 (2012) @No $ @ @ Hassabo A.G., et al., Deposition of Functionalized Polyethylenimine-Dye onto Cotton and Wool Fibres, Research Journal of Textile and Apparel, 18(1), 36-49 (2014) @No $ @ @ Jou C.J., Degradation of pentachlorophenol with zero-valence iron coupled with microwave energy, Journal of Hazardous Materials,152(2), 699-702 (2008) @No $ @ @ Stead C.V., Developments in Azo Colorants, Review of Progress in Coloration and Related Topics, 1(1), 23-30 (1967) @No $ @ @ Mijin D.Z., et al., The microwave-assisted synthesis of 5-arylazo-4,6-disubstituted-3-cyano-2-pyridone dyes, Dyes and Pigments, 85(1–2), 73-78 (2010) @No $ @ @ Haggag K., H.L.B.M.Y. Hanna and N.S. El-Shimy, Dyeing Polyester with Microwave Heating Using Disperse Dyestuffs American Dyestuff Reporter,84(3), 22-35 (1995) @No $ @ @ Hanna H.L., Haggag K. and El-Shimy N.S., Dyeing Polyamides using Microwave Heating with Reactive Dyestuffs, in AATCC International Conference and Exhibiton, Winston-Salem, USA (2000) @No $ @ @ Chang-chun, W.U. and H.E. Liang, Microwave dyeing of cotton fabric, CNKI Journal,  2-7 (2008) @No $ @ @ Liang-hua W.U., et al., The performance of microwave-assisted cellulose dip-dyeing, CNKI Journal,  2-6 (2009) @No $ @ @ Davies R.R., Developments in Reactive Dyes.Review of Progress in Coloration and Related Topics,3(1) 73-80 (1972) @No $ @ @ Schwaebel R., Bayer Farben Revue,13(1), 26-48 (1967) @No
<#LINE#>Green Synthesis of Novel 2-(5-Substituted)-2,4-Dithiobiureto-4,6-Dichloro-1,3,5-Triazines<#LINE#>D.T.@Tayade,A.K.@Bhagwatkar<#LINE#>47-50<#LINE#>9.ISCA-RJCS-2014-142.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Chemistry, Government Vidarbha Institute of Science and Humanities, Amravati, MS-444 606 INDIA <#LINE#>29/8/2014<#LINE#>6/9/2014<#LINE#>Recently in this laboratory a new route for the synthesis of  2-(5-substituted)-2,4-dithiobiureto-4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazines was developed to increase the yield of products by maintaining the purity of them and  at the same time, the time span required for the completion of reactions was also decreases. These are eco-friendly reactions. Novel green synthesis of  2-(5-substituted)-2,4-dithiobiureto-4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazines (Va-e) was successfully carried out by interacting 2,4-dichloro-6-substitutedthiocarbamido-1,3,5-triazines (IIIa-e) with various isothiocynates in 1:1 molar ratio in ethanol-acetone medium. Firstly cyanuryl chloride (I) was treated with various thiourea (IIa-e) in 1:1 molar ratio in ethanol-acetone medium for the isolation of (IIIa-e). During the synthesis two parameters of green chemistry are maintained. The justification and identification of the structure of these newly synthesized compounds had been established on the basis of chemical characteristics, elemental analysis and through spectral data.<#LINE#> @ @ Letska E.V., Turner N.W., Anthony P.F., Turner and Piletsky S.A., J.  Controlled Release, 108(1), 132 (2005) @No $ @ @ Kim G.Y., Shim J., Kang M., and Moon S.H, J. Environ. Monti,10, 632 (2008) @No $ @ @ KodaDandia A., Arya K., Sati M.,  Synthetic Communication, 34(6), 1141 (2004) @No $ @ @ Nitha B., De S., Adikari S.K., Devasagayam T.P.H. and Janardhanan K., Pharmaceutical Biology, 48(4), 27 (2010) @No $ @ @ Yang J.J., Tian Y.T., Yang Z., and Zhang T., Tuxicology in Vitro, 24(2), 397 (2010) @No $ @ @ Gorinstein Najaman K., Park Y.S., Heo B.G., Cho J.Y., and Bae J.H., Food Control,20(4), 407 (2009) @No $ @ @ Saczewski F. and Bulakowska A., European J. Medicinal Chem., 41(5), 611 (2006) @No $ @ @ Krauth F., Dalise H.M., Ruttinger H.H., and Erobberg P., Bioorganic and Medicinal Chem., 18(5), 1816 (2010) @No $ @ @ Cheng G., Shapir N. and Michael J., Sadowsky and Lawrence P., Wackett, Applied and Environmental  Microbiology, 71(8), 4434 (2005) @No $ @ @ Garcia-Gonzalez V., Govantes F., Porrua O.  and   Santero E., J. Bacteriology, 187(1), 155 (2005) @No $ @ @ Srinivas K., Srinivas W., Bhanuprakash K., Harkishore K., Murthy U.S.N., and Jayathirtha Rao V., Europea J. Medicinal Chem.,41(11), 1240 (2006) @No $ @ @ Adebiyi A.O., Koekemoer T., Adebiyi A.P., and Smith N., Pharmaceutical Biology, 47(4), 320 (2009) @No $ @ @ Isabelle P.,  Aihua L.,  Marie C. and  Daniel D., Bioorganic and Medicinal Chem. Lett., 18(3), 1067 (2008) @No $ @ @ Joseph P., Zhiqiang G., Dongpei W., Struthers S.R.,  and Chen C., Bioorganic and Medicinal Chem. Lett.,  15(19), 4363 (2005) @No $ @ @ Frances R.F. and Ross J.B., Harvard Review of Psychiatry,16(15), 299 (2008) @No $ @ @ Iqbal M., Scribd Textile Dyes, 76, 231 (2008) @No $ @ @ Sanchez M., Garbi C., Martinez-Alvarez R., Ortiz I.T., Allende J.L., and Martin M., Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 66(5), 589 (2005) @No $ @ @ Sylvie M., Murie R., Patrick R. and Jean-Paul S., Environmental and Botony, 56(2), 205 (2006) @No $ @ @ Trimble A.J., and Lydy M.J., Archives of Environmental and Experimental Contamination and Toxicology,51(1), 29 (2006) @No $ @ @ Aergeyeva S.T., Brovko O.O., Piletska E.V., Piletsky S.A., Goncharova L.A. and El’skaya A.V., Analytic  Chimica  Acta, 582(2), 311 (2007) @No $ @ @ Salmain M., Fischer-Durand N., and Pradier C.M., Analytical Biochemistry, 373(1), 61 (2008) @No $ @ @ Herranz S., Azcon J.R. , Pena E.B., Maruzuela M.D.,  Marco  M.P.,  and  Mereno-Bundi  M.C.,  Analytical  and  Bioanalytical Chem., 391(5), 1801 (2008) @No $ @ @ Hase Y., Tatsuno M., Nishi T., Kotaoka K., Kabe Y., and Watanabe H., Biochemical and Biophysical  Research  Communication, 366(1), 66 (2008) @No $ @ @ `Franek M., and Hruska K., Vet Medi-Czech, 50(1), 1 (2005) @No $ @ @ Dolaptsogloy C., Karpouzas D.G., Spiroudi D.M., Eleftherohorinos I. and Voudrias E.A., J. Environ. Qual,38, 782 (2000) @No $ @ @ Lam K.H., Ph.D., Thesis Submitted to Hong Kong University, (2000) @No $ @ @ Oyawa N., Okamura H., Hiral H., and Nishida T., Chemosphere,55(3), 487 (2004) @No $ @ @ Kodape M.M., Ph.D. Thesis Submitted to S.G.B.Amravati University, Amravati, India, (2008) @No $ @ @ Tayade D.T., Ph.D. Thesis Submitted to Amravati University, Amravati, India, (1996) @No 
<#LINE#>Study of Intermolecular Interaction in Binary Mixtures of Paraanisaldehyde with Chlorobenzene, Toluene and Acetone at 313.15K<#LINE#>GolamariSiva@Reddy,MalluMaheswara@Reddy<#LINE#>51-56<#LINE#>10.ISCA-RJCS-2014-143.pdf<#LINE#>Centre of Bioprocess Technology, Department of Biotechnology, K L University, Vaddeswaram, Guntur-522502, INDIA<#LINE#>30/8/2014<#LINE#>10/9/2014<#LINE#>The ultrasonic velocity, density and viscosity at 313.15K have been measured in the double frameworks of Paraanisaldehyde with Chlorobenzene, Toluene and Acetone. From the test information different acoustical parameters, for example, as adiabatic compressibility (), free volume (V), Shear relaxation time (), free length (L) and acoustical impedance (Z) ere ascertain. The results are deciphered regarding sub-atomic association between the segments of the mixture. <#LINE#> @ @ Megremis S., Chatziioannou M. and Tritou L., J. Ultrasound in Medicine January 29, 145-147, (2010) @No $ @ @ Golamari Siva Reddy and MalluMaheswara Reddy, Densities and viscosities of binary mixtures of methyl ethyl ketone with ethyl benzene at 303.15, 308.15, 313.15 K and atmospheric pressure, Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 5(11), 644-648 (2013) @No $ @ @ Golamari Siva Reddy and Mallu Maheswara Reddy, Thermodynamic properties of binary liquid mixture of toluene with benzene, Int J Pharm Bio Sci Jan;5(1),(B) 1064 – 1073 (2014) @No $ @ @ Golamari Siva Reddy, Mallu Maheswara Reddy, V.Swathi Chowdary and Golamari Krishna Reddy, Physical and Transport Properties of Binary Liquid Mixtures, Asian Journal of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 4(3), 64-73 (2013) @No $ @ @ Zhang Y., Longman R., Bradshaw R., Odibi A.O., J. Ultrasound in Medicine, April, 30, 459-463 (2011) @No $ @ @ Jambrack A.R., Mason T.J., Paniwnyk L. and Lealas V., Czech. J. Food Sci., 25, 90-99 (2007) @No $ @ @ Saravana Kumar K., Kubendrau T.R., Res.J.Chem. Sci., 2,4,50-56, (2012) @No $ @ @ Aravinthanj M. and N.Dineshbabu et al., Arch.Phys.Res. 2, 1, 254-261, (2011) @No $ @ @ Vodamalar R., Mani D., Balakrishanan R., Res. J. Chem.Sci., 1, 9,79-82 (2011) @No $ @ @ Thirumanan S., Sardha Devi S., Arch.Appl.Sci.Rers., 1, 2, 128-141 (2009) @No $ @ @ Ali A., Tiwari K., Nain A.K. and Charkravarthy V., Ind.J.Phy. 74B, 5, 351-355 (2000) @No $ @ @ Devadss D., Thairiyaraja M. and Palaniappau L., Ind.J. Phy. 77B, , 669-672 (2003) @No
<#LINE#>Chemical characterization of Lophira lanceolata and Carapa procera seed oils: Analysis of Fatty Acids, Sterols, Tocopherols and Tocotrienols<#LINE#>G.@Nonviho,C.@Paris,L.@Muniglia,P.@Sessou,D.C.P.@Agbangnan,N.@Brosse,D.@Sohounhlou<#LINE#>57-62<#LINE#>11.ISCA-RJCS-2014-144.pdf<#LINE#><#LINE#>30/8/2014<#LINE#>10/9/2014<#LINE#>The chemical profiles of two non conventional seed oils from Carapa procera (Cp) and Lophira lanceolata (Ll) have been characterized. Both oils contain 31% of saturated fatty acids, mainly palmitic acid. Cp oil is highly monounsaturated (58.08%) whereas Ll oil has a high content in polyunsaturated fatty acids (52.46%). Ll oil is rich in tocopherols (3.61 mg/100g) while the Cp oil exhibits higher tocotrienol contents (5.63 mg/100g). A higher total sterol content was found for Ll (100,13  0,04 mg/g) than for Cp (29,43  0,01 mg/100g). A high content of lanosterol was observed for Cp (28.03 % w/w). Both studied vegetable oils showed very different chemical profiles. Ll oil exhibited interesting potential nutritional value. The high contents in polyunsaturated essentials fatty acids, tocopherols and phystosterols, could properly respond to nutritional deficiencies. However, Cp oil may serve as cosmetic additive given to its content in tocotrienol and lanosterol.<#LINE#> @ @ Konfo C., Ahoussi-Dahouenon E., Sessou P., Yehouenou B., Djenontin S., de Souza C., Sohounhloue D.Stabilization of Local Drink "Tchakpalo" produced in Benin by addition of Essential Oil Extracted from Fresh leaves of Cymbopogon citrates, ISCA Int. Res. J. Biological Sci.,1(8), 40-49 (2012) @No $ @ @ Sessou P., Farougou S., Youssao I., and Sohounhloué D., In vitro Antifungal Activities of Essential oils extracted from fresh leaves of Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Ocimum gratissimum against foodborne pathogens for their use as traditional cheese Wagashi conservatives, ISCA-Res. J. Recent. Sci., 1(9), 67-73 (2012) @No $ @ @ Bourgaud F., Gravot A., Milesi S., Gontier E., Production of plant secondary metabolites: a historical perspective,Plant Sci.161, 839–851 (2001) @No $ @ @ Kamber U., The Traditional Cheeses of Turkey: The Aegean Region, Food Rev. Int., 24, 39–61 (2007) @No $ @ @ Yong O.Y., Salimon J., Characteristics of Elateriospermum tapos seed oil as a new source of oilseed, Ind. Crops Prod., 24, 146–151 (2006) @No $ @ @ Aloui M.E., Mguis K., Laamouri A., Albouchi A., Cerny M., Mathieu C., Vilarem G., Hasnaoui B., Fatty acid and sterol oil composition of four Tunisian ecotypes of Ziziphus zizyphus (L.) H.Karst, Acta Bot. Gallica,159, 25–31 (2012) @No $ @ @ Vaskonen T., Mervaala E., Krogerus L., Karppanen H., Supplementation of plant sterols and minerals benefits obese Zucker rats fed an atherogenic, Diet. J. Nutr.,132, 231–237 (2002) @No $ @ @ Marco-Jiménez F., Vicente J.S., and Viudes-de-Castro M.P., Effect of lanosterol on the in vitro maturation in semi-defined culture system of prepubertal ewe ovocytes, Zygote, 22, 50-57 (2014) @No $ @ @ Wu X.T., Liu J.Q., Lu X.T., Chen F.X., Zhou Z.H., Wang T., Zhu S.P., Fei S.J., The enhanced effect of lupeol on the destruction of gastric cancer cells by NK cells, Int. Immunopharmacol.,16, 332–340 (2013) @No $ @ @ Theriault A., Chao J.-T., Wang Q. I., Gapor A., Adeli K., Tocotrienol: A review of its therapeutic potential,Clin. Biochem.,32, 309–319 (1999) @No $ @ @ Djenontin S.T., Wotto V.D., Lozano P., Pioch D., Sohounhloué D.K.C., Characterisation of Blighia sapida(Sapindaceae) seed oil and defatted cake from Benin, Nat. Prod. Res.,23, 549–560 (2009) @No $ @ @ Eromosele I.C., Eromosele C.O., Studies on the chemical composition and physico-chemical properties of seeds of some wild plants, Plant Foods Hum. Nutr., 43, 251–258 (1993) @No $ @ @ ISO, Animal and vegetable fats and oils. In: ISO 660: Determination of Acid Value and Acidity, (1996) @No $ @ @ ISO, Animal and vegetable fats and oils. In: ISO 3960: Determination of Peroxide Value (2001) @No $ @ @ ISO, Animal and vegetables fats and oils. In: ISO 3961: Determination of Iodine Value (1996) @No $ @ @ ISO, Animal and vegetable fats and oils. In:ISO 3657: Determination of Saponification Value (2002) @No $ @ @ Ackman R.G., Laboratory preparation of conjugated linoleic acids, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 7, 1227–1227 (1998) @No $ @ @ Belhaj N., Arab-Tehrany E., Linder M., Oxidative kinetics of salmon oil in bulk and in nanoemulsion stabilized by marine lecithin, Process Biochem.,45, 187–195 (2010) @No $ @ @ Musa U. and Folorusho A. Characteristics of a Typical Nigerian Jatropha curcas oil Seeds for Biodiesel Production, ISCARes.J.Chem. Sci.,2(10), 7-12 (2012) @No $ @ @ Kyari M.Z., Extraction and characterization of seed oils Int., Agrophysics,22, 139-142 (2008) @No $ @ @ Vieux V., Kabele A.S. and Ngiefu C., Etude de quelques espèces oléagineuses de la République Démocratique du Congo, Oléagineux, 25, 395–399 (1970) @No $ @ @ Djenontin T.S., Wotto V.D., Avlessi F., Lozano P., Sohounhloué D.K.C., Pioch D., Composition of Azadirachta indica and Carapa procera (Meliaceae) seed oils and cakes obtained after oil extraction, Ind. Crops Prod., 38, 39–45 (2012) @No $ @ @ Codex Alimentarius Commission. Rapport de la Seizième Session du Comité du Codex Sur Les Graisses et les Huiles. Rome (Italie) 28 juin - 3 juillet, Alinorm 99/17 (1999) @No $ @ @ Ismail A., Ikram E.H.K., Mohd Nazri H. S., Roselle seed (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) nutritional composition, protein quality and health benefits, Food,, 1–16, (2008) @No $ @ @ Ntambi J. M., Choi Y., Park Y., Peters J.M. and Pariza M.W., Effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on immune responses, body composition and stearoyl-CoA desaturase, Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology, 27, 617–628 (2002) @No $ @ @ Oldham J.H., Tsagli K.J., Applewhite T.H., Oilseeds as renewable rural energy resources. Proceedings of the world conference on oilseed technology and utilization, American Oil Chemists' Society (Ed.): Ghana 461-462 (1993) @No $ @ @ Husain K., Francois R.A., Yamauchi T., Perez M., Sebti S.M., and Malafa M.P., Vitamin E d-Tocotrienol Augments the Antitumor Activity of Gemcitabine and Suppresses Constitutive NF-kB Activation in Pancreatic, Cancer, Mol Cancer Ther.,10, 2363–2372 (2011) @No $ @ @ Surai P.F., Vitamin E. Natural antioxidants in avian nutrition and reproduction. Nottingham University Press: Nottingham 127-128, (2002) @No $ @ @ Evans J.C., Kodali D.R., and Addis P.B., Optimal Tocopherol Concentrations to Inhibit Soybean Oil Oxidation JAOCS 79, 47–51 (2002) @No $ @ @ Fanali C., Dugo L., Cacciola F., Beccaria M., Grasso S., Dach M., Dugo P. and Mondello L., Chemical Characterization of Sacha Inchi Plukenetia volubilis L.) Oil, J. Agric. Food Chem.59, 13043–13049 (2011) @No $ @ @ Oliveira de Lima F., Alves V., Filho J.M.B., Almeida J.R.G.S., Rodrigues L.C., Soares M.B.P., and Villarreal C.F. Antinociceptive Effect of Lupeol: Evidence for a Role of Cytokines Inhibition, Phytother. Res., 27, 1557–1563 (2013) @No
<#LINE#>Spectrophotometric Analysis of Chlorophylls and Carotenoids from Commonly Grown Fern Species by Using Various Extracting Solvents<#LINE#>Sumanta@Nayek,ImranulHaque@Choudhury,Nishika@Jaishee,Suprakash@Roy<#LINE#>63-69<#LINE#>12.ISCA-RJCS-2014-146.pdf<#LINE#><#LINE#>29/8/2014<#LINE#>15/9/2014<#LINE#>Present investigation is performed on the comparative extraction of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b and carotenoids) by using solvents of different chemical nature. The study is also concern on the extraction ratio of biomolecules with respect to time duration/variation. Different trend is observed in extraction rate for chlorophylls and carotenoids. Highest extraction of chlorophylls (Ch-a and Ch-b) is noted for DEE (except chlorophyll b in Adiantum sp.). Whereas maximum extraction of caroteniods is performed by acetone in Adiantum sp., and for Crystiella sp. and Drypteris sp DMSO execute best extraction of carotenoids. Significant variations (p0.01) in pigment concentrations are also noted for sampled species exposed to different chemical extractant solvents for different time duration.<#LINE#> @ @ Britton G., The biochemistry of natural pigments. Cambridge University Press, 133–140 (1983) @No $ @ @ Brown S. B., Houghton J. D. and Hendry G. A. F., Chlorophyll breakdown. In Scheer H (Ed): Chlorophylls. Boca Raton, CRC Press, 465–489 (1991) @No $ @ @ Costache M. A., Campeanu G. and Neata G., Studies concerning the extraction of chlorophyll and total carotenoids from vegetables, Romanian Biotechnolo. Letters., 17(5), 7702–7708(2012) @No $ @ @ Shaikh S. D. and Dongare M., Analysis of photosynthesis pigments in Adiantumlunulatum Burm. At different localities of Sindhudurg District (Maharastra), Indian Fern . 25, 83–86 (2008) @No $ @ @ Porra, R. J., Recent advances and re-assessments in chlorophyll extraction and assay  procedures for terrestrial, aquatic, and marine organisms, including recalcitrant algae. In: Scheer  H (ed) Chlorophylls,31–57(1991) @No $ @ @ Vicas S. I., Laslo V., Pantea S. and Bandict G. E., Chlorophyll and carotenoids  pigments from Mistletoe Viscum album) leaves using different solvents, Fascicula Biol.,, 213–218(2010) @No $ @ @ Tripathi A. K. and Gautam M., Biochemical parameters of plants as indicators of air Pollution, J. Environ. Biol., 28, 127–132 (2007) @No $ @ @ James A.O. and Akaranta O., Inhibition of Zinc in Hydrochlororic acid solution by Red Onion Skin Acetone extract, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(1), 31–37 (2011) @No $ @ @ Ritchie R. J., Consistent sets of spectrophotometric chlorophyll equations for acetone, methanol and ethanol solvents, Photosynth. Res., 89, 27–41 (2006) @No $ @ @ Sartory D. P. and Grobbelaar J. U., Extraction ofchlorophyll a from freshwater phytoplankton for spectrophotometric analysis. Hydrobiol., 114, 177–187(1984) @No $ @ @ Jeffrey S. W., Mantoura, R. F. C. and Wright S. W.,Phytoplankton pigments in oceanography: guidelines to  modern methods. UNESCO Monographs on Oceanographic Methodology, UNESCO Publishing, Paris., 10, (1997) @No $ @ @ Porra R. J., Thompson W. A. and Kreidemann P. E., Determination of accurate extinction coefficients and simultaneous equations for assaying chlorophylls a and b extracted with four different solvents: verification of the concentration of chlorophyll standards by atomic absorption spectrometry, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 975, 384–394 (1989) @No $ @ @ Porra, R. J., The chequered history of the development and use of simultaneous equations for the accurate determination of chlorophylls a and b, Photosynth. Res., 73, 149–156 (2002) @No $ @ @ Lichtenthaler H. K., Chlorophylls and carotenoids: pigments of photosynthetic membranes, Method Enzymol., 148, 350–382(1987) @No $ @ @ Wright S. W., Jeffrey S. W. and Mantoura F. R. C., Evaluation of methods and solvents for pigment analysis. In: Phytoplankton pigments in oceanography: guidelines to modern methods, UNESCO Publ., Paris,261–282(1997) @No $ @ @ Rowan K. S., Photosynthetic pigments of algae. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1989) @No $ @ @ Scheer H., (ed) Chlorophylls. CRC Press Boca Raton, Ann Arbor, Boston, Landon,31–57(1991) @No $ @ @ Lichtenthaler H. K. and Wellburn, A. R., Determinations of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b of leaf extracts in different solvents, Biochem. Soc. Trans., 11, 591–592(1983) @No $ @ @ Wellburn A. R., The spectral determination of chlorophylls a and b, as well as total carotenoids, using various solvents with spectrophotometers of different resolution, J. Plant Physiol., 144, 307-313(1994) @No $ @ @ Dunn J. L., Turnbull J. D. and Robinson S. A., Comparison of solvent regimes for the extraction of photosynthetic pigments from leaves of higher plants, Functional Plant Biol., 31 195-202(2004) @No $ @ @ Vechetel B. W. and Ruppel, H. G., Lipid Bodies in Eremosphaeraviridis De Bary  (Chlorophyceae), Plant Cell Phys., 31, 41-48 (1992) @No 
<#LINE#>Effect of Chelating agents on Heavy Metal Extraction from Contaminated Soils<#LINE#>Shazia@Akhtar,Shazia@Iram,Mahmood@Ul-Hassan<#LINE#>70-87<#LINE#>13.ISCA-RJCS-2014-149.pdf<#LINE#>Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, PAKISTAN @ National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, PAKISTAN <#LINE#>4/9/2014<#LINE#>12/9/2014<#LINE#>In the present study shacking and incubation experiment were carried out in order to evaluate the changes in heavy metal solubility in the studied soils by addition of different concentration of Ethylene dinitrilo tetra acetic acid (EDTA), Diethylene triamine penta acetic acid (DTPA), and Nitrilo tri acetic acid (NTA). The effects of EDTA, DTPA and NTA application on solubility of copper(Cu), lead(Pb), cadmium(Cd) and chromium(Cr) in soil was evaluated. In shacking experiment, maximum Cu, Pb, Cd and Cr were solubilized by DTPA extractant. It was found that with increasing chelating agent doses metals availability was increased and 5.0 mM doses of EDTA, DTPA and NTA was noticed the best optimum dose for further experiments. For shacking time significant results were achieved at 120 hours by applying EDTA and NTA where as DTPA behaved well at 24 hours. In incubation experiments more Cu and Cd was extracted by DTPA 6.65 and 6.67 ppm respectively. EDTA was proved good extracting solution for Pb which has solubilized maximum concentration of Pb (22.816 ppm). Maximum concentration of Cr (1.335 ppm) was solubilized by NTA as compared to EDTA and DTPA. For incubation experiment day 20-30 were more suitable for solubilzation of metals. Chelats has potential for the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils either as on-site soil washing agents or for in situ remediation. These findings could be used to develop a predictive tool for the target metals contaminants and for assessing chelation remediation efficiency based on chelates dose and contact time test results. <#LINE#> @ @ RomoKroger C.M., Morales J.R., Dinator M.I., Llona F. and Eaton L.C., Journal ofAtmospheric Environment, 28, 705 (1994) @No $ @ @ Aragay G., Pons J., Merkoc- i, A., Chemical Reviews, 111, 3433–3458 (2011) @No $ @ @ Raskin R.D., Smith and Salt D.E., Journal of Current Opinion in Biotechnology, , 221 (1997) @No $ @ @ Garbisu C., Hernandez-Allica J., Barrutia O., Alkorta I. and Becerril J.M., Phytoremediation: a technology using green plants to remove contaminants from polluted areas, Rev Environ Heal,17, 173–188 (2001) @No $ @ @ Salt D.E., Prince R.C., Pickering I.J. and Raskin I., Mechanisms of cadmium mobility and accumulation in Indian mustard, Journal of Plant Physiology, 109, 1427-1433 (1995b) @No $ @ @ Norwell W.A., Comparison of chelating agents as extractants for metals in of heavy metal contaminated soil with Indian mustard and associated potential leaching risk, Agr. Ecosyst. Environ., 102, 307–318 (1984) @No $ @ @ Felix H., Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 160, 525 (1997) @No $ @ @ Lestan D., Luo C. and Li X., Journal of Environmental Pollution, 153, 3 (2008) @No $ @ @ Ganguly C., Matsumoto M.R., Rabideau A.J. and Van Benschoten J.E.,  Journal of Environmental Engineering, 124, 278 (1998) @No $ @ @ Evangelou U., Bauer M. and A. and Schaeffer A., Chemosphere, 68, 345 (2007) @No $ @ @ Kim C., Lee Y. and Ong S.K., Factors affecting EDTA extraction of lead from lead-contaminated soils, Chemosphere, 51, 845- 853 (2003) @No $ @ @ Chen H. and Cutright T., EDTA and HEDTA Effects on Cd, Cr and Ni Uptake by Helianthus annus, Chemosphere, 45(1), 21-28 (2001) @No $ @ @ Nelson D.W. and Sommers L.E., Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter. In D.L. Sparks et al.(eds.) Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3: Chemical Methods. Soil Science Society of America, Inc. Madison,Wisconsin, USA, 961–1010 (1996) @No $ @ @ Nelson D.W. and Sommers L.E., Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter: Methodsbof soil analysis, In: Chemical Methods, SSSA Book Series No. 5, pp. 961–1010b(Bartels, J. M., Ed.), Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI (1996) @No $ @ @ Amacher M.C., Nickel, Cadmium, and Lead, Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3, Chemical Methods. 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<#LINE#>Nano iron oxide loaded Poly (Acrylonitrile-co-Acrylic acid) hydrogel applied as Novel adsorbent for Effective removal of Toxic Cd2+ ions using Fixed-bed Micro column technology<#LINE#>Neeraj@Sharma,Alka@Tiwari<#LINE#>88-100<#LINE#>14.ISCA-RJCS-2014-151.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, Govt. V.Y.T. PG. Autonomous College Durg- 491001, CG, INDIA <#LINE#>12/1/2014<#LINE#>1/5/2014<#LINE#>This study applies super paramagnetic nano iron oxide particles loaded poly (Acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid) hydrogel as adsorbent for the removal of toxic cadmium ions from aqueous solution using column adsorption. Experiments were carried out as a function of liquid flow rate (1 – 3 ml min-1), initial feed of Cd (II) concentration (0.25 – 1 mg dm-3) and bed depth (0.25 – 1 cm). The results showed that a flow rate of 1 ml min-1, inlet Cd (II) concentration of 1 mg dm-3 and a bed depth of 1 cm were most feasible. The total adsorbed quantities, equilibrium uptakes and total removal percents of Cd (II) related to the effluent volumes were determined by evaluating the breakthrough curves obtained at different flow rates, inlet Cd (II) concentration and bed depth respectively. The bed depth service time (BDST), Thomas, Yoon-Nelson, Bohart-Adams and Wolborska kinetic models were used to analyze the experimental data and the model parameters were evaluated. The experimental data correlated well with calculated data using Yoon-Nelson equation. <#LINE#> @ @ Hutton M. and Symon C., Quantities of cadmium, lead, mercury and arsenic entering the environment from human activities, Sci. Total Environ.,57, 129-150 (1986) @No $ @ @ Jin-ming LUO., Xiao XIAO. And Sheng-lian LUO., Biosorption of cadmium (II) from aqueous solutions by industrial fungus Rhizopus cohnii, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. 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<#LINE#>Spectrophotometric Determination of Trace Amount of Nitrite in Water with 4-Aminophenylacetic Acid and Resorcinol<#LINE#>KhadkaDeba@Bahadur,Badri@Bhattarai<#LINE#>101-107<#LINE#>15.ISCA-RJCS-2014-152.pdf<#LINE#>Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, NEPAL<#LINE#>/1/<#LINE#>/1/<#LINE#> A simple, sensitive and rapid spectrophotometric method for the determination of nitrite in different natural and wastewater samples is presented. This method is based on diazo coupling reaction where nitrite reacts with 4-aminophenylacetic acid under acidic condition to form diazonium ion which is subsequently coupled with resorcinol to form a stable orange coloured azo-dye. The max for the azo dye is found to be 455 nm. The optimum reaction conditions and various analytical parameters have been studied. At analytical wavelength of 455 nm the Lambert-Beer’s law obeys over the concentration range 0.1-2.4 µg/ml of nitrite. The correlation coefficient, molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity of the method were found to be 0.9986, 2.27×10 lit.mol-1cm-1 and 2.03×10-3 µg cm-2 respectively. The percentage recovery was found to range from 91.16% -101.4% indicating the suitability of the method for the determination of nitrite in water. The purposed study was compared with others Griess modifications and found to be suitable one. The interference of foreign ions was also examined.  <#LINE#> @ @ Hill M.J., Nitrates and Nitrites in Food and Water,st ed., Wood Head Publishing Limited, England (1996) @No $ @ @ Angela Cross, Kenneth P. Cantor, John S. Reif, Charles F. Lynch,  and Mary H. Ward, Pancreatic cancer and drinking water and dietary sources of nitrate and nitrite,  Am. J. Epidemiol. 159(7), 693-701 (2004) @No $ @ @ Rogers M. A. M., Vaughan T. L, Davis S., and David B. Thomas  D. B, Consumption of Nitrate, Nitrite, and Nitrosodimethylamine and the Risk of Upper Aerod igestive Tract Cancer,  Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers. Prev.,4,  29-36 (1995) @No $ @ @ Cimpeanu M., Pele M., Compeanu G. H. and Enache M., Roum. Biotech. Lett.,, 299-301 (2002) @No $ @ @ Butt S.B., Riaz M. and Iqbal M.Z., Simultaneous determination of nitrite and nitrate by normal phase ion-pair liquid chromatography,  Talanta,55(4), 789-797 (2001) @No $ @ @ Siu D.C. and Henshall A., Ion chromatographic determination of nitrite and nitrate in meat products, J. Chromatogr.,804, 157-160 (1998) @No $ @ @ Barzegar L., Rezaei Behbehani G., Moosavi  M. and Mehreshtiagh M., A calorimetric study on the interaction between Vitamin-B6 and lysozyme,  Res. J. Recent. Sci., 1(ISC-2011),345-347 (2012) @No $ @ @ Nwajei G. E., Okwagi P., Nwajei R. I. and Obi-Iyeke G. E, Analytical assessment of trace elements in soils, tomato leaves and fruits in the vicinity of paint industry, Nigeria, Res. J. Recent. Sci., 1(4), 22-26  (2012) @No $ @ @ Chaitanya Lakshmi G.,  Food coloring: The natural way,  Res. J. Chem. Sci., 4(2), 87-96  (2014) @No $ @ @ Khadka D. B. and Duwadi A., Spectrophotometric determination of trace amount of nitrite in water with 4-aminophenylacetic acid and phloroglucinol,  Int. Res. J. Environment. Sci., 3(4), 64-69 (2014) @No $ @ @ Bassett J., Denney R. C., Jeffery G. H.  and Mendham J., "Vogel's Text Book of   Quantitative Analysis"th Ed. ELBS, Longman,  447 (1978) @No $ @ @ Bashir W. A. and Flamerz S., Photometric determination of nitrite, Talanta,28(9), 697-699 (1981) @No $ @ @ Amin D., Determination of nitrite on using the reaction with 4-aminobenzotrifluoride and 1-naphthol, Analyst, 111, 1335-1337 (1986) @No $ @ @ Cotton F.A.  and Wilkinson G., Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, 5th ed, John Wiley and Sons Inc.  (1988) @No $ @ @ Flamerz S. and Bashir W. A., Spectrophotometric determination of nitrite in waters,  Analyst,106, 243-247 (1981) @No $ @ @ Veena K. and Narayana B., Spectrophotometric determination of nitrite using new coupling agents,  Indian J. Chem. Technol., 16, 89-92 (2009) @No $ @ @ Pradhananga R. R., Khadka D. B. and Sherestha N. K., Spectrophotometric determination of trace amount of nitrite in water with 4-aminophenylacetic Acid and 1-naphthol,  J. Nepal Chem. Soc., 11, 36-43 (1992) @No $ @ @ Cherian T. and Narayana B., A new system for the spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of nitrite in environmental samples,   J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 17(3), 577-581 (2006) @No $ @ @ Saltzman B. E.,Colorimetric microdetermination nitrogen dioxide in atmosphere, Anal. Chem., 26(12), 1949-1955 (1954) @No