@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Synthesis and Characterization of Poly Acrylic Acid Modified with Dihydroxy Benzene-Redox Polymer<#LINE#>V@Vetriselvi,R.Jaya@Santhi.R<#LINE#>1-9<#LINE#>1.ISCA-RJCS-2014-28.pdf<#LINE#> PG & Research Department of Chemistry, Auxilium College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, INDIA <#LINE#>30/11/2013<#LINE#>25/1/2014<#LINE#> Poly acrylic acid was functionalized with catechol, hydroquinone, catechol-hydroquinone, a homolytic modification by an oxidative decarboxylation using ammonium persulphate as an oxidant. The chemically modified PAA/Catechol, PAA/Hydroquinone and PAA/Catechol-Hydroquinone were characterized using UV and FT-IR. Thermal analysis shows PAA/Catechol, and PAA-Hydroquinone are stable above 700C and their Ea are lesser for PAA/Hydroquinone with the highest percentage of substitution than the other two polymers. The kinetic parameters were calculated from the TGA curves and the average molecular weight measured by viscometer was found to be around 1.1X10g/mol. From XRD studies the prepared polymers were found to be semi crystalline nature which is confirmed from the SEM analysis. The morphology of the redox polymer was found to be rod and cage like microstructure. From the CV studies, the potential difference was calculated. <#LINE#> @ @ Hadjichristidis N., Pitsikalis M., Pispas S. and Iatrou H., Polymers with Complex Architecture by Living Anionic Polymerization, Chem. Rev., 101, 3747-3792 (2001) @No $ @ @ Vincent Darcos and David M. Haddleton, Synthesis of ABABA pentablock copolymers via copper mediated living radical polymerization, Eur. Polym. J.,39, 855–862  (2003) @No $ @ @ Goethals E.J., Dubreuil M., Wang Y.,  De Witte I., D. Christova, S. Verbrugghe, N. Yanul, L. Tanghe, G. Mynarczuk and F. Du Prez, New polymer architectures by cationic ring-opening polymerization, Macromol. Symp., 153, 209-216 (2000) @No $ @ @ Davis K.A. and Matyjaszewski K., Synthesis of polymerbrushes using atom transfer radical polymerization, Adv. Polym. 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Analytical investigations of poly(acrylic acid) coatings electrodeposited on titanium-based implants: a versatile approach to biocompatibility enhancement,  Polym. J., 47, 1875–1885 (2006) @No $ @ @ Eyad M. Nawafleh, Tareq T. Bataineh, Muna K. Irshedat, Mahmoud A. Al-Qudah and Sultan T. Abu Orabi Inhibition of Aluminum Corrosion by Salvia Judica Extract Res. J. Chem. Sci., 3(8), 68-72 (2013) @No $ @ @ Ping-Sheng Liu, Li Li, Ning-Lin Zhou, Jun Zhang, Shao-Hua Wei, Jian Shen. Synthesis and Properties of a Poly(acrylic acid)/ Montmorillonite Superabsorbent Nanocomposite, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 102, 5725–5730 (2006) @No $ @ @ Moulay S., Dihydroxy benzene/ benzoquinone containing polymers: organic redox polymer, Actualite Chimique,12, 7-8 (2000) @No $ @ @ Moulay S., Polymers with dihydroxy/dialkoxybenzene moieties, C.R. Chimie, 12, 577-601 (2009) @No $ @ @ Saravanakumar K. and Kubendran T.R., Density and Viscosities for the Binary Mixtures of 1, 4-Dioxane and Benzene or Chlorobenzene at 303.15, 308.15, 313.15 K and a Pressure of 0.1MPa, Res.J.Chem.Sci.,2(4), 50-56 (2012) 50 @No $ @ @ Barbara Mendrek, Barbara Trzebicka, Synthesis and characterization of well-defined poly(tert-butyl acrylate) star polymers Eur. Polym. J, 45, 1979–1993 (2009) @No $ @ @ Mahaveer D., Kurkur, Jae-Rock Lee., Jae Hung Han., and In Lee. 2006.  Electroactive behavior of poly (acrylic acid) grafted poly(vinyl alcohol), their synthesis by Ce(IV) glucose redox system and characterization, Smart Mater. Struct.,15(2), 417-423 (2006) @No $ @ @ Singru R.N. Synthesis, characterization and thermal degradation studies of copolymer resins p-cresol-oxamide-formaldehyde,Arch. Appl. Sci. Res., 3(5), 309-325 (2011) @No $ @ @ Anuradha Rangaraj, Veena Vangani, Animesh K Rakshit. Synthesis and Characterization of some Water Soluble Polymers, J. Appl. Polym. Sci.,66, 45–56 (1997) @No $ @ @ Moulay S. and Mehdaoui R., Hydroquinone/catechol-bearing polyacrylic acid: redox polymer, React. Funct. Poly., 61, 265–275 (2004) @No $ @ @ Richard D. Beaty and Jack D. Kerber, Concepts, Instrumentation and Techniques in Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, 2nd ed., pp.1-6. Norwalk, CT: The Perkin-Elmer Corporation (1993) @No $ @ @ Dhanraj T. Masram., Bhave N.S. and Kariya K.P., Synthesis, Characterization and Thermal Degradation Study of Terpolymer-derived from -Hydroxybenzoic Acid, Diaminonaphthelein with Formaldehyde, High Perform. Polym, 22, 1004–1016 (2010) @No $ @ @ William Kemp. Organic Spectroscopy Ed. 3, 60 – 71,  Newyork:  Palgrave (1991) @No $ @ @ Mustafa aslan Statistical thermodynamics of linear macromolecular structures: a systematic expansion to simha somcynsky lattice hole-Theory, Journal of Naval Science and Engineering., 6 (3), 11-24(2010) @No $ @ @ Yaman boluk and  LiyanZhao., Determination of shape nano crystalline cellulose rods International conference on nanotechnology for forest products industry  (2009) @No $ @ @ Neeti Sah, Renu Loshali, Rajendra Joshi, Kiran Pandey, Jagdish Prasad and Narain D. Kandpal, Physicochemical studies on nanosized material formed from acrylic acid and poly-di-methylsiloxane polymerization assisted by microwave,  Der Chemica Sinica.,3(6), 1421-1427 (2012) @No $ @ @ D. Patidar , D., Rathore, K.S., N. S. Saxen, N.S.,  Kananbala Sharma, Sharma, T.P. Energy band gap and conductivity measurement of CdSe thin films, chalcogenide letters, 5(2), 21-25 (2008) @No $ @ @ Sailaja G.S., Velayudhan S., Sunny M.C., Sreenivasan K., Varma H.K. and Ramesh P., Hydroxyapatite filled chitosan-polyacrylic acid polyelectrolyte complexes, Journal of materials science, 38, 3653 – 3662 (2003) @No $ @ @ Ferriol M., Gentilhomme A., Cochez N., Oget N. and Mieloszynski J.L., Thermal degradation of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA): modelling of DTG and TG curves, Polym. Degrad. Stab.,79, 271–281 (2003) @No $ @ @ Dharkar K.P., Khamborkar A.K. and Kalambe A.B., Thermal Degradation Analysis of Melamine-Aniline-Formaldehyde Terpolymeric Ligand, Res.J.Chem. Sci., 2(12), 11-16 (2012) @No $ @ @ Vitaliy V Khutoryanskiy., Maria Grazia Cascone., Luigi Lazzeri., Niccoletta Barbani., Zauresh S Nurkeeva., Grigoriy A Mun., and Artem V Dubolazov. Morphological and thermal characterization of interpolymer complexes and blends based on poly(acrylic acid) and hydroxypropylcellulose, Polym Int.,53, 307–311 (2004) @No $ @ @ Xiao-Dong Fan, You-Lo Hsieh, John M. Krochta, Mark J. Kurth. 2001. Study on Molecular Interaction Behavior, and Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Polyacrylic Acid and Lactose Blends, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 82, 1921-1927 (2001) @No $ @ @ Schrebler R., Dell Valle M.E., Gomez H., Veas C. and Cordova R., Preparation of poly thiopene-modified electrodes by electrodeposition of Pt and Pt + Pb. Application to formic acid electro-oxidation, J. Electroanal. Chem., 380, 219-227 (1995) @No
<#LINE#>Preliminary optimization of PHB production by Vibrio sp. MCCB 237 isolated from Marine Environment<#LINE#>DeepaS.@Nair,Charles@Thomas,I.S.Bright@Singh<#LINE#>10-13<#LINE#>2.ISCA-RJCS-2014-33.pdf<#LINE#>School of Environmental Studies, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, INDIA <#LINE#>27/10/2013<#LINE#>3/4/2014<#LINE#> Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is the most widely studied polyester of microbial origin and is the representative of a group of such polyesters known as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA).  PHAs are polymers that are synthesized by microorganisms under imbalanced growth conditions and serve as carbon and energy reserve.  The material properties of PHAs are similar to various petrochemically-derived thermoplastics and elastomers that have immense use in our daily life and hence are considered as possible substitutes for synthetic, non-degradable polymers. The commercial exploitation of these polymers is still restricted by the high cost of production incurred.  The success in the biodegradable plastic strategy largely depends on the isolation of potent PHB-producing bacteria and optimizing culture parameters for maximum PHB biosynthesis.  In the present study the efficacy of various carbon and nitrogen sources were investigated for enhanced PHB production using Vibrio sp. MCCB 237 isolated from marine environment, which provides a meagerly exploited resource for possible biopolymer-producing novel bacteria.  Quantification of PHB was done spectrophotometrically and characterized using FTIR. Among the tested carbon sources pectin followed by glycerol gave the highest yields and among the nitrogen sources, yeast extract yielded better quantity of PHB. These results are being implemented in further optimization of culture parameters. <#LINE#> @ @ Lemoigne M., Products of dehydration and polymerization of hydroxybutyric acid, Bull Soc Chem Biol., , 770-782 (1926) @No $ @ @ Lee S.Y., Plastic bacteria? Progress and prospects for polyhydroxyalkanoate production in bacteria, Trends Biotechnol., 14, 431-438 (1996) @No $ @ @ Anderson A.J. and Dawes E.A., Occurrence, Metabolism, Metabolic Role, and Industrial Uses of Bacterial Polyhydroxyalkanoates, Microb. Rev., 54(4), 450-472 (1990) @No $ @ @ Wang J. and Yu H., Biosynthesis of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) by Ralstonia eutropha ATCC 17699 in batch cultures, Appl Microbiol Biotechnol., 75, 871-878 (2007) @No $ @ @ Madison L.L. and Huisman G.W., Metabolic Engineering of Poly(3-Hydroxyalkanoates): From DNA to Plastic, Microbiol Mol Biol R.,  63(1), 21-53 (1999) @No $ @ @ Patnaik P.R., Perspectives in the Modeling and Optimization of PHB Production by Pure and Mixed Cultures, Crit Rev Biotechnol., 25, 153-171 (2005) @No $ @ @ Grothe E., Moo-Young M. and Chisti Y., Fermentation optimization for the production of poly(-hydroxybutyric acid) microbial thermoplastic,  Enzyme Microb Technol., 25, 132-141 (1999) @No $ @ @ Grothe E. and Chisti Y., Poly(-hydroxybutyric acid) thermoplastic production by Alcaligenes latus: behavior of fed-batch cultures, Bioprocess Eng., 22, 441-449 (2000) @No $ @ @ Tamer I.M., Moo-Young M. and Chisti Y., Optimization of poly(-hydroxybutyric acid) recovery from Alcaligenes latus: combined mechanical and chemical treatments, Bioprocess Eng., 19, 459-468 (1998) @No $ @ @ Silva G.P., Mack M. and Contiero J., Glycerol: A promising and abundant carbon source for industrial microbiology, Biotechnol Adv., 27, 30-39 (2009) @No $ @ @ Zhao L., Fan F., Wang P. and Jiang X., Culture medium optimization of a new bacterial extracellular polysaccharide with excellent moisture retention activity, Appl Microbiol Biotechnol., 97, 2841-2850 (2013) @No $ @ @ Aldor I.S. and Keasling J.D., Process design for microbial plastic factories: metabolic engineering of polyhydroxyalkanoates,  Curr. 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A Review on Pectin: Chemistry due to general properties of pectin and its pharmaceutical uses, 1:550 doi 10.4172/scientificreports.550 (2012) @No $ @ @ Wang Z.X., Zhuge J., Fang H. and Prior B.A., Glycerol production by microbial fermentation: A review, Biotechnol Adv., 19(3), 201–203 (2001) @No $ @ @ Ashby R.D., Solaiman D.K.Y. and Foglia T.A., Bacterial poly(hydroxyalkanoate) polymer production from the biodiesel co-product stream, J Polym Environ., 12, 105-112 (2004) @No $ @ @ Bormann E.J. and Roth M., The production of polyhydroxybutyrate by Methylobacterium rhodesianumand Ralstonia eutropha  in media containing glycerol and casein hydrolysates, Biotechnol Lett., 21, 1059-1063 (1999) @No $ @ @ Valappil S.P., Misra S.K., Boccaccini A.R., Keshavarz T., Bucke C. and Roy I., Large-scale production and efficient recovery of PHB with desirable material properties, from the newly characterized Bacillus cereus SPV, J. Biotechnol., doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.03.013 (2007) @No 
<#LINE#>Design, Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Various N-substituted Piperazine Annulated s-Triazine Derivatives<#LINE#>SwetaD.@Desai,ArvindG.@Mehta<#LINE#>14-19<#LINE#>3.ISCA-RJCS-2014-35.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Chemistry, Sir P. T. Sarvajanik College of Science, Athwalines, Surat-395007, Gujarat, INDIA <#LINE#>6/2/2014<#LINE#>10/3/2014<#LINE#> In an effort to discover new candidate, ten compounds were synthesized in a series of 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-s-triazine analogues which in substitution with anisole, 4-hydroxy coumarin  and different N-substituted piperazine derivatives on the C-6 position of s-triazine ring. The title compounds were screened for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against two gram-negative bacteria (E. coli, K. pneumoniae), two gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus, B. subtilis) and two fungal species (C. albicans and S. cerevisiae) using the disc diffusion method. Most of the synthesized compounds appeared with promising antimicrobial activity. The structure of the novel compounds were elucidated on the basis of IR, H NMR and elemental analysis. <#LINE#> @ @ Srinivas K., Srinivas U., Bhanuprakash K., Harakishore K., Murty U. S. N. and Rao V. J., Synthesis and antibacterial activity of various substituted s-triazines,  Eur. J. Med. Chem., 41, 1240-1246 (2006) @No $ @ @ Patel R.V., Kumari P., Rajani D.P. and Chikhalia K.H., Synthesis and studies of novel 2-(4- cyano-3-trifluoromethylphenyl amino)-4(quinolin-4-yloxy)-6-(piperazinyl/piperidinyl)-s-triazines as potential antimicrobial, antimycobacterial and anticancer agents,  Eur. J. Med. Chem.,46, 4354-4365 (2011) @No $ @ @ Modh R. P., Patel A. C. and Chikhalia K. H., Design, synthesis, antibacterial, and antifungal studies of novel 3-substituted coumarinyl-triazine derivatives, Heterocycl. Commun.,19, 343-349 (2013) @No $ @ @ Indorkar D., Chourasia O.P. and Limaye S.N., Preparation of 2-substituted phenyl-3-bis-2,4-(methylphenyl, 4-amino)-s-triazine-6-ylaminobenzoylamino-5-H-4-thiazolidinone computational studies of PC model, Res.J.  Chem. Sci.,3(10), 24-30 (2013) @No $ @ @ Menicagli R., Samaritani S., Signore G., Vaglini F. and Via L., In vitro cytotoxic activities of 2-alkyl-4,6-diheteroalkyl-1,3,5-triazines: New molecules in anticancer research, J. Med. Chem.,47, 4649- 4652 (2004) @No $ @ @ Melato S., Prosperi D., Coghi P., Basillico N. and Monti D., A Combinatorial approach to 2,4,6-trisubstituted triazines with potent antimalarial activity: Combining conventional synthesis and microwave assistance, ChemMedChem.,, 873-876 (2008) @No $ @ @ Desai S.D., Desai K.R., Chikhalia K.H., Clercq E.D. and Pannecouque C., Synthesis of a novel class of some 1,3,5-triazine derivatives and their anti-HIV activity, Int. J. drug design and Discov.,, 361-368 (2011) @No $ @ @ Mahajan D.H., Chikhalia K.H., Pannacoueque C. and Clercq E.D., Synthesis and studies of new 2-(coumarin-4-yl-oxy)-4,6-(substituted)-s-triazine derivatives as potential anti-HIV agents, Arch. Pharm. Chem. Life Sci.,342, 281-290 (2009) @No $ @ @ Chen X., Zhan P., Liu X., Clercq E.D., Pannecouque C. and Balzarini J., Synthesis and biological evaluation of piperidine-substituted triazine derivatives as HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, Eur. J. Med. Chem., 51, 60-66 (2012) @No $ @ @ Dao P., Jarray R., Coq J. L., Lietha D., Loukaci A., Garbay C., Raynaud F. and Chen H., Synthesis of novel diarylamino-1,3,5-triazine derivatives as FAK inhibitors with anti-angiogenic activity, Bioorg. & Med. Chem. 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<#LINE#>Removal of Zinc(II) from Aqueous  Solution Using  Fly Ash<#LINE#>Saroj@Kumar,A.K.@Mishra,M.@Upadhyay,D@Singh,M@Mishra,Sujata@Kumar<#LINE#>20-28<#LINE#>4.ISCA-RJCS-2014-43.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, K.Govt. Arts and Sc. College, Raigarh, CG, INDIA @ Department of Chemistry, Dr. C.V.Raman University, Bilaspur, CG, INDIA @ Department of Chemistry, Kirodimal Institute of Technology, Raigarh, CG, INDIA <#LINE#>19/2/2014<#LINE#>22nd/3/2014<#LINE#> The removal characteristics of fly ash has been evaluated to remove Zn(II) from aqueous solution under different  conditions. Batch experiments have been carried out for this purpose. Kinetics of adsorption have been discussed using Lagergren first order equation, pseudo second order equation and intraparticle diffusion models. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms have been used to discuss the data. Different thermodynamic parameters such as change in Gibbs free energy G, change in enthalpy H and change in entropy S have been calculated to discuss the spontaneity of the process. Various experimental conditions are : initial Zn(II) ion concentration, temperature, pH and particle size. <#LINE#> @ @ Bhatnagar A. and Minocha A.K., Conventional and nonconventional adsorbents for removal of pollutants from water – A review, Indian J.Chem.Tech.,13,203-217 (2006) @No $ @ @ Karthika C. and Sekar M., Removal of Hg(II) ions from aqueous solution by acid acrylic resins : A study through adsorption isotherms analysis, I.Res.J.Environment.Sci.,1(1),34-41(2012) @No $ @ @ Singh Dhanesh and Singh A.,Chitosan for the removal of chromium from waste water,I.Res.J.Environment.Sci., 1(3), 55-57(2012) @No $ @ @ Samuel P., Ingmar P., Boubia C. and Daniel L., Trivalent chromium removal from aqueous solutions using rawnatural mixed clay from BURKINA FASO, I.Res.J.Environment Sci.,2(2),30-37(2013) @No $ @ @ Kini S.M., Saidutta M.B., Murty V.R.C. and Kadoli S.V., Adsorption of basic dye from aqueous solution using ACl treated saw dust (Lagerstroemia microcorpa): Kinetic, Modeling of Equilibrium,Thermodynamic,I.Res.J.Environment.Sci.,2(8),6-16(2013) @No $ @ @ Haq B.I.U., Elias N.B. and Khanam Z., Adsorption studies of Cr(VI) and Fe(II) aqua solution using rubber treeleaves, I.Res.J.Environment.Sci.,2(12),52-56(2013) @No $ @ @ Das B., Mondal N.K., Roy P. and Chatterji S., Equilibrium,Kinetic and Thermodynamic Study on chromium(VI)removal from aq. solution using Pistia Stratiotes Biomass, Chem Sci Trans., 2(1), 85-104 (2013) @No $ @ @ Katara S., Kabra S., et.al., Surface modification of fly ash by thermal activation: A DR/FTIR Study, Int. Res. J. Pure& App. Chem., 3(4), 299-307 (2013) @No $ @ @ Muek M.N., Zeliae S. and Joziae D., Microstructural characteristics of Geopolymers based on alkali-activated fly ash, Chem.Biochem.Eng.Q., 26(2), 89-95 (2012) @No $ @ @ Tsai W.T. and Chen H.R., Removal of malachite green from aqueous solution using low-cost chlorella-basedbiomass, J Hazard Mater., 175(1-3), 844-849 (2010) @No $ @ @ Sarin V. and Pant K.K., Removal of chromium from industrial waste by using eucalyptus bark, BioresourceTechnol., 97(1), 15-20 (2006) @No $ @ @ Wongjunda J. and Saueprasearsit P.,Biosorption of Chromium(VI) using rice husk ash and modified husk ashEnviron Res. J., 4(3), 244-250 (2010) @No $ @ @ Cho H., Oh D. and Kim K., A study on removal characteristics of heavy metals from aqueous solution by fly ash, J.Haz.Mat., B127,187-195 (2005) @No $ @ @ Bello O.S., Olusegun O.A. and Nioku V.O., Fly ash-An alternative to powdered activated carbon for the removal of Eosin dye from aqueous solutions, Bull.Chem.Soc. Ethiop.,27(2), 191-204 (2013) @No $ @ @ Anirudhan T.S. and Radhakrishnan P.G., Thermodynamics and kinetics of adsorption of Cu(II) from aqueoussolutions onto a new cation exchanger derived from tamarind fruit shell, J.Chem.Thermodynamics., 40(4),702-709 (2008) @No $ @ @ Chen Z., Ma W. and Han M., Biosorption of nickel and copper onto treated alga (Undanapinnatifida):Applicationof isotherm and kinetic models, J.Haz.Mat., 155(1-2), 327-333 (2008) @No $ @ @ Lagergren S., About the theory of so-called adsorption of soluble substsnces, der Sogenanntenadsorptiongeloster stoffe Kungliga Svenska psalka de Miens Handlingar., 24,1-39(1898) @No $ @ @ Ho Y.S. and Mckay G., The kinetics of sorption of divalent metal ions onto sphagnum moss peat, Water Res 34(3), 735-742 (2000) @No $ @ @ Weber W.J. and Morris J.C., Kinetics of adsorption on carbon from solution, J. Saint. Eng. Div. Am. Soc. Eng.,89, 31-60 (1963) @No $ @ @ Arivoli S., Hema M., Karuppaiah M. and Saravanan S., Adsorption of chromium ion by acid activated low costcarbon-Kinetic,Mechanistic,Thermodynamic and Equilibrium studies, E-Journal of Chemistry, 5(4),820-831(2008) @No $ @ @ Senthilkumar P., Ramalingam S., Sathyaselvabala V., Kirupha D.S. and Sivanesan S.,Removal of copper(II) ionsfrom aqueous solution by adsorption using cashew nut shell, Desalination, 266(1-3), 63-71 (2011) @No $ @ @ Nevine K.A., Removal of direct blue-106 dye from aqueous solution using new activated carbons developedfrom pomegranate peel: Adsorption equilibrium and kinetics, J. Haz. Mat.., 165(1-3), 52-62 (2009) @No $ @ @ Brummer G.W., Importance of Chemical Speciation in Environmental Process (Springer Verlag, Berlin) (1986) @No $ @ @ Singh Dhaneshand Rawat N.S., Bituminous coal for the Removal of Cd rich water, Ind. J. Chem. Technol., , 266-270(1994) @No $ @ @ Singh Dhanesh and Rawat N.S., Sorption of Pb(II) by bituminous coal, Ind. J. Chem. Technol., , 49-50 (1995) @No 
<#LINE#>Optical Properties of Cerium (IV) based compounds<#LINE#>Apsara@A.P.,Beena@B<#LINE#>29-31<#LINE#>5.ISCA-RJCS-2014-44.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Chemistry, FMN College, Kerala, INDIADepartment of Chemistry, DB College Sasthamcotta, Kerala, INDIA<#LINE#>21/2/2014<#LINE#>25/3/2014<#LINE#> Cerium(IV) based samples namely cerium phosphate (CP), cerium molybdate (CM) and cerium phosphomolybdate (CPM) in the present study were obtained as yellow solids. They show maximum absorption in the ultra-violet region. Ligand to metal double-charge transfer transitions, are responsible for the bright colours of the materials. The absoption edge around 250nm for the samples is an indication of the presence of band gap in the materials. The study reveals that the band gap of the materials can be tuned by incorporating different anions. The band gap energy of the synthesized samples obtained were in the range 1.2 – 3.5 eV.  <#LINE#> @ @ Paul A., Mullholland M. and Zaman M.S., J. Mater. Sci.11, 2082-2086 (1976) @No $ @ @ Eiichiro Nakazawa and Fuminori Shiga, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.,42, 1642-1647 (2003) @No $ @ @ Ghoneim D., Marzouk K. H., EL-Sayed S. N., Mohsen N. A. and Mahmoud A.M.A., Chalcogenide letters, , 307-316  (2010) @No $ @ @ Naik S.J., Uma Subramanian, Tangsali R.B. and Salker A.V., J. Phys. D : Appl. Phys.,44, 115404 (2011) @No $ @ @ Smith Jared Peters, Ph.D. Thesis, Humboldt-University, Berlin, Germany (2006) @No $ @ @ Zallen R. and Moret M.P., Solid State Commun., 137, 154-157 (2006) @No $ @ @ Madelung Otfried, Semiconductors - Basic Data  (2nd Rev. Ed.), Springer-Verlag, (1996) @No $ @ @ Jorgenson C.K. (Ed.), Absorption Spectra and Chemical Bonding in Complexes, Pergamon, Oxford, (1972) @No $ @ @ Kiyoshi Takahashi, Akihiko Yoshikawa and Adarsh Sandhu (Eds.), Wide band gap semiconductors: Fundamental properties and modern photonic and electronic devices, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, New York, (2007) @No $ @ @ Masui T., Tategaki H., Furukawa S. and Imanaka N., Syntheis and characterization of new environmentally friendly pigments based on cerium phosphate, J. Ceram. Soc. Jpn.,112,  646 (2004) @No $ @ @ Shinya Furukawa, Toshiyuki Masui and Nobuhito Imanaka, 418,  255-258 (2006) @No $ @ @ Jean Noel Berte, Cerium Pigments In: High Performance Pigments, Mugh M. Smith (Ed.), Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, (2002) @No $ @ @ Han Gao , Bing Qiao , Ting-Jie Wang *, Dezheng Wang , and Yong Jin, Cerium Oxide Coating of Titanium Dioxide Pigment to Decrease Its Photocatalytic Activity, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.,53(1), 189–197 (2014) @No
<#LINE#>Adsorptive Removal of Cr(VI) from Aqueous Solution by Sugarcane Biomass<#LINE#>Paramatma@KhadkaDebaBahadurandMishra<#LINE#>32-40<#LINE#>6.ISCA-RJCS-2014-51.pdf<#LINE#>Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, NEPAL Department of Chemistry, Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Ghantaghar, Kathmandu, NEPAL <#LINE#>5/3/2014<#LINE#>8/4/2014<#LINE#> The potential and effectiveness of activated carbon derived from carbonization of sugarcane bagasse (Saccarhum officianrum) for adsorptive removal of Cr(VI) was examined by adsorption technique. Activated carbon was prepared by subjecting the raw sugar cane bagasse to chemical modification using concentrated sulphuric acid in 500 g/L of ratio of adsorbent weight to volume of concentrated sulphuric acid (HSO). Boehm method was used to estimate the oxygen containing functional groups. The acidic functional groups, specific surface area and adsorptive capacity all greatly increased with chemical modification. The batch removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution was investigated. The influence of pH, initial concentration of metal ion and contact time were also investigated. The maximum adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) was found to be 131.68 mg/g at optimum pH of 1 at the laboratory temperature respectively. The equilibrium time for Cr(VI) were found to be 180 minutes respectively. Kinetics of adsorption was found to follow pseudo-second order model. Both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm could be used to describe adsorption isotherm but the Langmuir isotherm was found to be in good agreement with experimental data.  <#LINE#> @ @ Clement R.E., Eiceman G.A. and Koester C.J.Environmental analysis, Anal. Chem., 67, 221R-255R (1995) @No $ @ @ Demirbas E., Kobaya M., Senturk E. and Ozkan T., Adsorption kinetics for the removal of chromium (VI) from aqueous solutions on the activated carbons prepared from agricultural wastes, Water S. A.,30(4), 533-539 (2004) @No $ @ @ Sharma D.C. and Forster C.F., Column studies into the adsorption of chromium (VI) using sphagnum moss peat,  Biresource Technol.,52(3), 261-267 (1995) @No $ @ @ Ajmal M., Rao R.A.K. and Siddiqui B.A., Studies on removal and recovery of Cr (VI) from electroplating wastes, Water Research,30(6), 1478-1482 (1996) @No $ @ @ Khan N.A., Ibrahim S. and Subramaniam P.,  Elimination of heavy metals from wastewater using agricultural  wastes as adsorbents,  Malaysian  J.  of Science,  23, 43-51 (2004) @No $ @ @ Hamadi N.K., Chen X.D.,  Farid M.M. and Lu M.G.Q., Adsorption kinetics for the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution by adsorbents derived from used tyres and sawdust, J. of Chemical Engineering, 84, 95-105(2001) @No $ @ @ Basyal S.H. and Din G.O., Chromium and aluminium bisorption on chryseomonas luteola TEM05, Applied Microbiol. Biotechnol, 64, 599-603 (2004) @No $ @ @ Bhattarai S.R., Adsorptive of Cr(VI) onto raw rice husk and modified rice husk carbon from aqueous,  M.Sc.Desertation, Central Department of Chemistry,  Tribhuvan University (2009) @No $ @ @ Gupta V.K.,   Rastogic A. and Nayaka A.,  Adsorption studies on the removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution using a low cost fertilizer industry waste material, J. of Colloid and Interface Science, 342(1), 135-141 (2010) @No $ @ @ Kamila B.N. and Santhi T., Application of optimize the process variables using a novel adsorbent as Epicarp of Ricinus Communis- Adsorption studies on the removal of reactive dyes in single and multi system,  RJPBCS, 4(2), 1029-1055  (2013) @No $ @ @ Sankararamakrishnan N., Dixit A., Iyengar L. and  Sanghi R., Removal of hexavalent chromium using a novel cross linked xanthated chitosan, Bioresource Technology,  97(8), 2377-2382 (2006) @No $ @ @ Motegaonkar Manorama  B.  and  Salunke  Shridar  D.,  The ash  and  iron  content  of  common  vegetable  grown  in Latur district, India,  Res. J. Recent Sci., 1(4),  60-63(2012) @No $ @ @ Motegaonkar Manorama B. and Salunke Shridar D., The ash  and  calcium  content  of  common fruit  grown  in Latur district,  MS,  India,  Res.  J.  Recent  Sci., 1(5),  66-68 (2012) @No $ @ @ Thavamani S.S. and Rajkumar R., Removal of Cr(VI), Cu(II), Pb(II) and Ni(II) from aqueous solutions by adsorption on alumina, Res. J. Chem. Sci.,3(8), 44-48 (2013) @No $ @ @ Hariharan V., Shanmugam M., Amutha K. and Sivakumar G., Preparation and characterization of ceramic products using sugarcane bagasse ash waste, Res. J. Recent. Sci.,3(ISC-2013) , 67-70 (2014) @No $ @ @ Crini G., Peindy H. N. and Gimbert F., Removal of C.I. Basic Green 4 (Malachite Green) from aqueous solutions by adsorption using cyclodextrin-based adsorbent: Kinetic and equilibrium studies, Separation and Purification Technology,53(1),  97-110 (2007) @No $ @ @ Freundlich H.F.M., User die adsorption in Losungen (Adsorption in solution),  The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 57A, 384-470 (1906) @No $ @ @ Lamsal N., Adsorption of Cd(II) from aqueous  solution by activated charcoal derived from lapsi seeds, M.Sc.Desertation, Central Department of Chemistry,  Tribhuvan University (2009) @No $ @ @ Sharma D.C. and Forster C.F., A preliminary examination into the adsorption of hexavalent chromium using low-cost adsorbents, Bioresource Technol.,47,  257-264  (1994) @No $ @ @ Sharma D.C. and Forster C.F., The treatment of chromium wastewaters using the sorptive potential of leaf mold, Bioresource Technol., 49, 31-40 (1994) @No $ @ @ Mesifin A.Y., Maitra S. and Eldemerdash U.,  J. of App. Sci., , 1812-1854  (2011) @No
<#LINE#>Synthesis and Characterization of some Cr 3, Fe 3, Co 2, Ni 2, Cu 2 and Zn 2 Complexes with N-Phthalyl amino acid ligands<#LINE#>Buttrus@NaghamS.<#LINE#>41-47<#LINE#>7.ISCA-RJCS-2014-004.pdf<#LINE#> College of Dentistry, University of Mosul, Mosul, IRAQ<#LINE#>8/1/2014<#LINE#>25/2/2014<#LINE#> Two new sodium N-phthalyl amino acid ligands (L) and (L) were prepared by the reaction of  phthalic anhydride with glycine or alanine amino acids the sodium salt of the above ligand were prepared by the reaction with sodium hydroxide. The mono and dinuclear complexes of Cr+3, Fe+3, Co+2, Ni+2, Cu+2 and Zn+2 were prepared by the reaction of the above ligands with the metal chloride in (1:1)or (1:2) metal to ligands ratio. The ligands and their complexes have been characterized by their analytical, spectral data, conductivity and magnetic measurements. Electronic spectra and magnetic measurements indicates that the mononuclear complexes contain tetrahedral environment, while the dinuclear complexes have octahedral geometry. <#LINE#> @ @ Schroev and Abram U., Tetrameric rhenium complexes with a glycine-thiourea derivative, Inorg.Chem.Commun, 13(1), 26-29 (2010) @No $ @ @ Grecu I., Sandulescu R. and Neamtu M., Complexes of Cu(II) and Mn(II) with acylated amino acids, Rev.Chim., 37(7), 589-595 (1986) @No $ @ @ Grecu I., Neamtu M. and Enescn L., Implicatil biologice si medicate ake chimici anorganic, Ed Dacia.Cluj-Napoca.,(1982) @No $ @ @ Gupta M. and Srivastava M.N., Synthesis and characterization of mixed ligand complexes of copper (II), Nickal (II), Cobalt (II) and Zinc (II) with glycine and uracil or 2-thiouracil, polyhedron 4(3), 475-479 (1985) @No $ @ @ Gupta M. and Srivastava M.N., Synthesis and characterization of complexes of copper (II), Nickal (II), Cobalt (II) and Zinc (II) with histidine and uracil, Thymine, Bull .Soc. Chim. Fr., 859-863 (1991) @No $ @ @ Gupta M. and Srivastava M.N., Synthesis and characterization of mixed ligand amino acid chelates of Cobalt (II), Nickal (II), copper (II) and Zinc (II) with alanine and uracil or 2-thiouracil, Synth.React.Inorg.Met-Org.Chem., 26(2), 305-320 (1996) @No $ @ @ Negoin M., Rosu T., Saramet I. and Matei C.A., Complexes of Cu(II) and Mn(II) with acylated aminoacids derived from glycine and -alanine, Chimie.Anul.XIV, , 129-133 (2005) @No $ @ @ Szcze W., Panik, Mlynarz  P., Stefanowicz P., Kalminska M.K., Amelis N.D., Mjkut A.O. , Staszewska A., Ratajska M. and Bojczuk M.G., Structural studies of Cu(II) bindinding to the novel peptidy derivative of quinoxaline glycine, Polyhedron, 30(1), 9-15 (2011) @No $ @ @ Oliver M.B., Tasada A., Fiol J.J., Raso Raso A.G., Terron A. and Molins E., Molecular arhitecture by means of interactions between Ag(I) and glycine derivatives, Polyhedron, 25(2), 71-80 (2006) @No $ @ @ Nogel's A., Text book of organic chemistry, Iongman, 828, (1979) @No $ @ @ Geary W.J., The use of conductivity measurements in organic solvent for characterization of coordination compounds , Coord.Chem.Rev., 7, 81-122 (1971) @No $ @ @ Cinellu M.A. and Minghetti G., Gold (I) and Gold (III) complexes with anionic oxygen donor ligands, Gold Bulletion, 35(1), 11-20 (2002) @No $ @ @ Nakamoto K., Infrared spectra of inorganic and coordination compounds, 3rd Ed., John Wiely, New York, 161 (1978) @No $ @ @ Mrinalini L. and Singh A.K., Mixed ligand cobalt (III) complexes with 1-amidino-methyurea and aminoacids, Res.J.Chem.Sci.,2(1), 45-49 (2012) @No $ @ @ Shukla M.H. , Solanki Y.K., Shah R., Shah P.J., Shah Shah A.L. and Raj D.S., Synthesis,characterization and antimicrobial studies of coordination polymers, Res.J.Chem.Sci., 3(1), 48-56 (2013) @No $ @ @ Montazerozohori M., Musari S.A.R. and Jooharishiva , Synthesis, characterization and thermal behavior of some new mercury and cadmium halides coordination compounds of recently synthesized Schiff base,Res.J.Recent,Sci., 1(11), 9-15 (2012) @No $ @ @ Kumar R. and Singh R., Chromium (III) complexes with different chromospheres mearocyclic ligands, Synthesis and spectroscopic studies, Turk.J.Chem., 30, 77-87 (2004) @No $ @ @ Nicholls, The chemistry of iron, cobalt and nickel, Pergamon Press, Oxford 1st Ed. (1973) @No $ @ @ Buttrus N.H. and Saeed F.T., Bis(N-methylbenzimidazolium -2-thiol) ethane, propane or butane diiodide and its Co(II),Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) ionic salts, International J.Chem., 22(2), 17-22 (2012) @No $ @ @ Buttrus N.H. and Saeed F.T. ,Synthesis and structural studies on some transition metal complexes of bis (benzimidazole-2-thio) ether,propane and butane ligands, Res.J.Chem.Sci., 2(6), 43-49 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mohamed S.M.,Synthesis and characterization of Co+2,Ni+2,Cu+2 , Zn+2 and Hg+2 complexes with 1,1,2,2-tetrakis (sodium thioproponate) ethylene, Res.J.Chem.Sci., 3(7), 9-14 (2013) @No 
<#LINE#>Synthesis Characterization and Fungicidal activity of 2- Amino -4- (P- Ethoxy Phenyl) Oxazole Complexes of Transition Metal (II) ions<#LINE#>Dinkar@Malik,Punam@Yadav,Sandeep@Kumar,Vijai@Malik<#LINE#>48-51<#LINE#>8.ISCA-RJCS-2014-53.pdf<#LINE#> 2Department of Chemistry, MS College, Saharanpur, UP, INDIA @ Department of Botany, MS College, Saharanpur, UP, INDIA <#LINE#>8/3/2014<#LINE#>9/4/2014<#LINE#> Transition metal (II) complexes of the ligand 2-amino-4-(p-ethoxy phenyl) oxazole (C1112) have been prepared. The complex is of the type (M) where M= Cu, Co and Ni. The infrared studies suggest that 2-amino-4-(p-ethoxy phenyl) oxazole behaves as a bidentate ligand with nitrogen of amino group and oxygen of oxazole ring as two co-ordination sites. The structure of complexes was characterized with the help of their elemental analysis, IR, electronic and magnetic susceptibility studies. The magnetic and electronic spectral studies indicate an octahedral geometry for the complexes with the (M) formula. These newly synthesized complexes were also screened for their antifungal activity against different fungi at different concentrations. The activity decreases with decrease of concentration and the metal complexes are less toxic than the parent ligand. <#LINE#> @ @ Bharti S.K., Nath G., Tilak R. and Singh S.K., Synthesis, anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities of some novel Schiff bases containing 2,4-disubstituted thiazole ring, Eur J Med Chem.,(45), 651-660 (2010) @No $ @ @ Singh W.M. and Dash B.C. Synthesis of some new schiff bases containing thiazole and oxazole nuclei and their fungicidal activity, Pesticides, (22), 33 (1988) @No $ @ @ Khamamkar Ashwini and Pallapothula Rao Venkateshwar., Synthesis, Spectral Characterization and Biological activity of Schiff’s base derived metal complexes, J. Ind. Council Chem., 29(1&2),71-76 (2012) @No $ @ @ Reddy V., Patil N. and Angadi S.D., Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Cu(II),Co(II) and Ni(II) Complexes with O, N, and S Donor Ligands, E-J. Chem., 5(3), 577-583 (2008) @No $ @ @ Chandra S. and Sangeetika J., EPR and electronic spectral studies on copper(II) complexes of some N-O donor ligands, J. Indian Chem. Soc., (81), 203 (2004) @No $ @ @ Pandeya S.N. Sriram D. Nath G. and Clercq E. de., Synthesis, antibacterial, antifungal and anti- HIV evaluation of Schiff and Mannich bases of isatin and its derivatives with triazole, Arzneimittel Forsch., (50), 55 (2000) @No $ @ @ Shriodkar S.G. Mane P.S. and Chondhekar T.K. Synthesis and fungitoxic studies of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) with some heterocyclic Schiff base ligands, Indian J. Chem,(40A), 1114-1117 (2001) @No $ @ @ Ravanasiddappa M. Sureshg T. Syed K. Radhavendray S. C. Basavaraja C. and Angadi S. D., Transition Metal Complexes of1, 4(2'-Ethoxyphenyl-1-yl) di-iminoazine: Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Studies, E-J. Chem., 5(2), 395-403 (2008) @No $ @ @ Belaid S. Landreau A. Benali-Baitich O. Khan M.A. and Bouet G., Synthesis, characterisation and antifungal activity of a series of cobalt(II) and nickel(II) complexes with ligands derived from reduced N, N'-ophenylenebis (salicylideneimine), Trans. Met. Chem., (33), 511 (2008) @No $ @ @ Mapari A.K. and Mangaonkar K.V. Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Mixed Ligand Complexes of N-(2-ethoxy-1-naphthylidene)-2,6-diisopropylaniline and N-(2-ethoxybenzylidene)-2,3-dimethylaniline with Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions, International Journal of ChemTech Research, 3(2), 636-641(2011) @No $ @ @ Mane P.S. Shirodkar S.G. Arbad B.R. and Chondhekar., T.K. I. JC, Sec A; Inorganic, Bio-inorganic, Physical & Analytical Chemistry., 40A(6), 648 (2001) @No $ @ @ Manch W. and Conard Fernelius W., The Structure and Spectra of Nickel(II) and Copper(II) Complexes, Journal of Chemical Education., 38 (4), 192-201 (1961) @No $ @ @ Naik B. and Desai K., Novel approach for the rapid and efficient synthesis of heterocyclic Schiff bases and azetidinones under microwave irradiation, Indian journal of chemistry., (45B), 267-271 (2006) @No $ @ @ Soliman A.A., El-Medani S.M. and Ali O.A.M. journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry, thermal study of chromium and molybdenum complexes with some nitrogen and nitrogen–oxygen donors ligands 83(2), 385-392(2006 ) @No $ @ @ Vogal A.I., A Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis. 3rd ed. (English Language Book Society and Longman)., (1961) @No $ @ @ Vogal A.I., Quantitative Organic Analysis., (1958) @No $ @ @ Dodson R.M. and King L.C., The reaction of ketones with halogens and thiourea, J. Am. Chem. Soc.,(67),  2242(1945) @No $ @ @ Nakamato K., Infrared Spectra of inorganic and coordination Compounds, John Wiley, New York, (1970) @No $ @ @ Nakamoto K., Infrared and Raman Spectra of Inorganic and Coordination Compounds, New York: Wiley, (1978) @No $ @ @ Liver A.B.P., Inorganic electronic spectroscopy. Elsevier, New York, (1984) @No $ @ @ Figgis B.N. and Lewis J., Prog. Inorg. Chem., (6),37(1965) @No $ @ @ Earnshaw A. Introduction to Magnetochemistry, Academic Press, New York, (1968) @No 
<#LINE#>Synthesis and Characterization of Silica Nano-Particles by Acid Leaching Technique<#LINE#>@Patel,P.N.@Patel<#LINE#>52-55<#LINE#>9.ISCA-RJCS-2014-56.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Textile Chemistry, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, The M S University of Baroda, Vadodara 390 001, INDIA  <#LINE#>10/3/2014<#LINE#>25/4/2014<#LINE#> Silica nano particles have been prepared by hydro fluoric acid leaching of sodium meta-silicate solution characterised its surface morphology by SEM image. The size and size distribution of these nanoparticles has also been examined using static light scattering instrument; the average diameter of the particles is found 176 nm. The FTIR spectrum of the powder confirms the presence of silica. <#LINE#> @ @ PatelB.H. and Patel P.N., Synthesis and application of nano-sized SiO to textiles: a review, International Dyer,May, 35-39, (2012) @No $ @ @ Patel B.H. and Chattopadhyay D.P., Nano-particles & their uses in textiles, The Indian Textile Journal, 118, 23-31 (2007) @No $ @ @ European Commission (EC), Nanotechnology: Innovation for tomorrow’s world EUR 21151EN 2004, Available: www.cordis.lu/nanotechnology(2004) @No $ @ @ Breggin L. and Pendergrass J., Where does the nano go? End of life regulation of nanotechnologies. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars,Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies, PEN 10, July (2007) @No $ @ @ Gleiter H., Nanocrystalline materials, Prog. Mater. Sci.33, 223–315 (1989) @No $ @ @ Siegel R.W., Nanomaterials: synthesis, properties and applications, Ann.Rev. Mater. Sci., 21, 559 (1991) @No $ @ @ Uyeda R., Crystallography, methods of preparation and technological applications, Prog. Mater. Sci., 35, 1-96 (1991) @No $ @ @ Friedlander S.K., Synthesis of nanoparticles and their agglomerates: Aerosol reactors,In Rand D status and trends, ed. Siegel et al., (1998) @No $ @ @ Information from website;  http://www.wtec.org/loyola/nano/02_04.htm(2004) @No $ @ @ Rao et al, Nanostructured materials production by hypersonic plasma particle Deposition, Analytical Chemistry, 69, 471-477 (1997) @No $ @ @ Becker et al, Metal nanoparticles generated by laser ablation, Nanostruct. Mater.,10, 853 (1998) @No $ @ @ Kear B.H., Sadangi R.K. and Liao S.C., Synthesis of WC/Co/diamond nanocomposites, In Proc. of the Joint NSF-NIST Conf. on Nanoparticles(1997) @No $ @ @ Messing G.L., Zhang S. Selvaraj U. Santoro R.J. and Ni T., Synthesis of composite particles by spray pyrolysis, In Proc. of the Joint NSF-NIST Conf. on Ultrafine Particle Engineering,May 25-27, Arlington, VA, (1994) @No $ @ @ Mora et al, Electrospray atomizers and ultrafine particles, In Proc. Joint NSF-NIST Conf. on UltraFineParticle Engineering, May 25-27, 1994, Arlington, VA, (1994) @No $ @ @ Berndt C.C., Karthikeyan J., Chraska T. and King A.H., Plasma spray synthesis of nanozirconia powder, In Proc. of the Joint NSF-NIST Conf. on Nanoparticles, (1997) @No $ @ @ ChaudhariS.B., Mandot A.A. and PatelB.H., Functionalized nano-finishing to textiles using Ag nano-colloids, Melliand International, 15(5-6), 214-216 (2009) @No $ @ @ ChaudhariS.B., Mandot A.A. and PatelB.H., Effect of nano TiO pretreatment on functional properties of cotton fabric, Int. Jr. of Engg. Res. & Dev., 1(9), 24-29 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mandot A.A., ChaudhariS.B. and PatelB.H., Nanocomposite: Manufacturing and applications in textiles, Melliand International, 18(3), 188-189 (2012) @No $ @ @ Bhattacharya S.S. and ChaudhariS.B., Change in physico-mechanical and thermal properties of polyamide / silica nanocomposite film, Int. Jr. of Engg. Res. & Dev., 7(6), 1-5 (2013) @No $ @ @ Chattopadhyay D.P. and Patel B.H., Modification of Cotton Textiles with Nanostructural Zinc Particles, Journal of Natural Fibers, 8(1), 39–47 (2011) @No $ @ @ Ozuomba J.O. and Ekpunobi A.J., Sol-Gel Derived Carbon Electrode for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells,Res.J.chem.sci.1(8), 72-75(2011) @No $ @ @ Kumar Harish, Rani Renu and Salar Raj Kumar, Synthesis of Nickel Hydroxide Nanoparticles by Reverse Micelle Method and its Antimicrobial Activity,Res.J.chem.sci.,1(9), 42-48(2011) @No $ @ @ Pawar M.J., Nimbalkar V.B., Synthesis and phenol degradation activity of Zn and Cr doped TiONanoparticles,Res.J.chem.sci.,2(1), 32-37(2012) @No $ @ @ Bansal P., Jaggi N. and Rohilla S.K., “Green” Synthesis of CdS nanoparticles and effect of capping agent concentration on crystallite size, Res.J.chem.sci., 2(8), 69-71(2012) @No $ @ @ Samira Bagheri, Chandrappa K.G. and Sharifah Bee Abd Hamid, Generation of Hematite Nanoparticles via Sol-Gel Method, Res. J. Chem. Sci.3(7),62-68(2013) @No
<#LINE#>SiO2 Supported Synthesis of N, N Disubstituted Cinnamamides<#LINE#>Rahimkhan@U.Pathan,Agarkar@SantoshV.<#LINE#>56-58<#LINE#>10.ISCA-RJCS-2014-57.pdf<#LINE#> Research laboratory of Chemistry, AEC, Chikhli, Dist-Buldana, 443201, M.S., INDIA <#LINE#>12/3/2014<#LINE#>3/4/2014<#LINE#> In the present work SiO was use as solid support for reactants, which increases the rate of reaction and also support the easy separation of target product from phosphine oxide. Witting reagent (Phosphorous ylide) and aromatic aldehydes supported on SiO2 were treated under microwave irradiations to obtained respective N, N disubstituted Cinnamamide. This synthetic route was found to be convenient and energy efficient. <#LINE#> @ @ Kay P.,Direct fluorescence detection of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents separated by TLC with 9-isothiocyanatoacridine derivatives, Chem.Ber.,26,2848(1893) @No $ @ @ Balsamo A., Crotti P. and Macchia F,Synthesis, conformation, and pharmacological properties of 1-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanols and their morpholine analogues, J Med Chem.,26(2), 254-259 (1983) @No $ @ @ Robert B.M., Central Nervous System Depressants. VII.Pyridyl Coumarins, J.Med.Chem, 7(), 446-449 (1964) @No $ @ @ Balsamo A.,Crotti P. and Macchia F.,Synthesis and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of diastereoisomeric ethyl 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-(-substituted phenyl)butyrates,J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans., 1, 2548-2550 (1974) @No $ @ @ Gill G.B. and Reynolds S.J., Cobalt-mediated reactions. A new synthetic approach to -, - and lactams,Tetrahedron Letters,30(24),3229-3232 (1989) @No $ @ @ Jiang X. and  Zhen Y., Cinnamamide, an antitumor agent with low cytotoxicity acting on matrix metalloproteinase, Anticancer Drugs,11(1),49-54(2000) @No $ @ @ Sheng Chang,Yong-Kui Jing and Jin-Hua Dong, Design and Synthesis of Novel 2-Phenylaminopyrimidine (PAP) Derivatives and Their Antiproliferative Effects in Human Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells, Molecules14, 4166-4179(2009) @No $ @ @ Lewis F.D. Elbert J.E. and Hale P.D.,Structure and photoisomerization of E and Z cinnamamides and their lewis acid complexes, J.Org.Chem.,66,553-561(1991) @No $ @ @ Smith K.E.and  Eills H., Solid supports and catalysts in organic synthesis, NewYork(1992) @No $ @ @ Kumudini B, Bharat P and Sharma V.K., Microwave induced synthesis and antimicrobial activities of various substituted pyrazolidines from chalcone, Res. J. Chem. Sci.,4(2), 68-74, February (2014) @No $ @ @ Burgess K.E., Solid phase Organic synthesis, Wiley, New York(2000) @No $ @ @ Kates S.A and Abericlo F., Solid phase synthesis-A practicle guide, New York(2000) @No $ @ @ Sharma C.K. and Kanwar S.S., Synthesis of methyl cinnamate using immobilized lipase from B. licheniformis MTCC-10498,Res. J. Recent Sci.,1(3), 68-71, (2012) @No $ @ @ Makama B.Y., Samarium (II) Iodide Mediated Synthesis of 3,5-dimethyl-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furnan-2-one, Res. J. Recent Sci.,1(7), 87-89(2012) @No $ @ @ Shinde Santosh S. and Jachak Madhukar N.,Synthesis and fluorescent behavior of Pyran and Pyridine-3, 5-dicarbonitrile derivativesRes.J.Recent.Sci,1(ISC-2011) @No $ @ @ ,67-72 (2012) @No $ @ @ Amita S.R.,Lalitha S. and Ravivarma S.,Synthesis and in vitroAntimicrobial Evaluation of 5’-Acetamido-2'-Hydroxy Chalcone derivatives, Res. J. Chem. Sci.,4(2), 56-59, (2014) @No 
<#LINE#>Analysis of Blood lead levels among Petrol Pump Workers in Bhopal city, India<#LINE#>Seema@Tiwari,I.P.@Tripathi,H.L.@Tiwari<#LINE#>59-64<#LINE#>11.ISCA-RJCS-2014-61.pdf<#LINE#> AISECT University, Bhopal, MP, INDIA @ M.G.C.G. University, Chitrakoot, Satna, MP, INDIA MANIT, Bhopal, MP, INDIA <#LINE#>6/3/2014<#LINE#>2/4/2014<#LINE#> In this research paper, detail study about the blood lead level (BLL) among petrol pump workers of the Bhopal city was described. To study the blood lead level among petrol pump workers in Bhopal city, BLL was determined experimentally by taking the blood sample of 26 peoples with a varying age group from 18 years to 66 years. It was observed that BLL was on the higher side for the peoples working in the petrol pumps. The effects of different factors on the estimated BLL of individuals in the present investigation have been comprehended and are elucidated in terms of descriptive statistics such as means and standard errors including lower and upper bound 95% confidence intervals (CI). It was found that the  BLL were 97.613.07 µg/dl with the lower and upper bound 95% confidence intervals for means being 91.28 to 103.93, µg/dl in the individuals working at petrol pumps. <#LINE#> @ @ Seema Tiwari,Tripathi I.P.and TiwariH.L., Lead Poisoning –A Review, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences,3(8), 86-88 (2013) @No $ @ @ Nielsen F.H., Ultra Trace Elements in Human Nutrition A.R.Diss.Inc., NewYork, 379-404 (1982) @No $ @ @ WHO, Recommended Health Based Limits in Occupational Exposure to Heavy Metals,Tech. Rep.Ser., 647 WHO Geneva (1980) @No $ @ @ Berman E., Toxic Metals and their Analysis  Heyden and Sons Ltd. London, UK, (1980) @No $ @ @ McaugheyJ.J. and Smith N.J., Automated Direct Chromium in Blood and  Urine by Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, Analytica Chemica Acta, 193, 137-146 (1987) @No $ @ @ WibowoA.A., HerberR.F.M., Deyck W.Van and Zielhvis R.L., Biological Assessment of Exposure in Factories with Second Degree uses of Cadmium Compounds, Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health,49, 265-273 (1982) @No $ @ @ Patricia A.P. and Kart H.P., Determination of Lead in Whole Blood and Urine using Zeeman effect flame less Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy,Anual Letters, 12(58), 935-950(1979) @No $ @ @ Stoleski S., Bislimovska K.J., Stikova E., Kuc R.S., Mijakoski D.and Minov J., Adverse Effects in Workers Exposed to Inorganic lead,Arh Hig Rada Toksikol59, 19-29(2008) @No $ @ @ Subramanian K.S., Determination of lead in Blood Comparison of two GFAS methods,At.Spectrosc, 8, 7-11(1987) @No $ @ @ VahterM., Friberg L. and Lind B., Assessment of exposure to lead and cadmium through biological monitoring, J. Am. Coll. Toxicol.,1(3), 117-127 (1982) @No $ @ @ Clausen J. and Rastogi S.C., Heavy Metal Pollution among Autoworkers,I. Lead British Journal of Industrial Medicine,34, 208-215(1977) @No $ @ @ Freije M.A. and Dairi G., Determination of blood Lead Levels in Adult Bahraini Citizens Prior to the Introduction of Unleaded Gasoline and the Possible Effect of Elevated Blood Lead Levels on the Serum Immunoglobulin Ig G Bahrain Medical Bulletin, 31(1), 47-52 (2009) @No $ @ @ BarltropD. and Meek F.,Effect of Particle Size on Lead absorption from the gut,Arch Environ Health, 34,280-285(1979) @No $ @ @ Barltrop D. and Khoo H.E., The Influence of Nutritional Factors on Lead Absorption,Post grade Med J.,51, 795-800(1975) @No $ @ @ Upadhyaya, Anu and  Bajpai,  A. Heavy metal Analysis of Various Water Bodies Located in  and around Bhopal, M.P.(India),International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, 2(1), 27-29 (2011) @No $ @ @ Dixit S. and Tiwari S., Impact Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution of Shahpura Lake, Bhopal, India,Int. J. Environ. Res., 2(1), 37-42 (2007) @No $ @ @ EFSA (European Food Safety Authority). Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM), Scientific Opinion on Lead in Food, EFSA Journal,8(4), 1570 (2010) @No $ @ @ WHO Trace elements in human nutrition and health,World Health Organization,Geneva(1995) @No
<#LINE#>Gentian Violet Dye Uptake by Graft Copolymers of Vinyl Binary Monomers onto Silk Fibre<#LINE#>Sunil@Kumar,RajeevKr.@Sharma,@Himanshu<#LINE#>65-71<#LINE#>12.ISCA-RJCS-2014-62.pdf<#LINE#> DIET, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, INDIA @ Post Graduate Department of Chemistry, DAV College, Jalandhar, Punjab, INDIA @ National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, INDIA <#LINE#>19/3/2014,/1/<#LINE#>13/4/2014<#LINE#> Binary vinyl monomers were grafted onto mulberry silk fibre in aqueous medium by using ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as redox initiator. Grafting of binary monomer mixtures of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with butyl acrylate (BA), ethyl acrylate (EA) acrylamide (AAm) and vinyl acetate (VAc) were reported earlier. FTIR, TGA and SEM techniques were used to characterize the graft copolymers. Swelling studies of grafted and ungrafted fibres was done with DMF, water, methanol and n-butanol. Graft copolymers were investigated for dye uptake (gentian violet) photo-calorimetrically at 420 nm.  <#LINE#> @ @ Ghosh Pranab, Das Tapan and Das Moumita, Evaluation of Poly (acrylates) and their copolymer as viscosity modifiers, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(3), 18 (2011) @No $ @ @ Deepshikha and Basu T., The Role of Structure Directing Agents on Chemical Switching Properties of nanostructured conducting polyaniline (NSPANI), Res.J.Chem.Sci., 1(6), 20-29 (2011) @No $ @ @ Manimaran N., Rajendran S, Manivannan M and John Mary S, Corrosion inhibition of carbon steel by polyacrylamide, Res.J.Chem.Sci., 2(3), 52-57(2012) @No $ @ @ Kaur, I., Barsola, R., Gupta, A. and Misra, B. N., copolymerization of acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile onto gelatin by mutual irradiation methodSci.,54, 1131-1139 (1994) @No $ @ @ Kubota, G. and Ujita, S. Reactivity of glycidylmethacrylate-grafted cellulose prepared by means of photografting,J. Appl. Polym. Sci.,56, 25-31(1995) @No $ @ @ Chauhan, G. S., Misra, B. N., Kaur, I., Singha, A. S. and Kaith, B. S., Modification of Natural Polymers: Part I Ceric ion initiated graft co-polymerization of methylmthacrylate onto Cannabis fibre,Fibre & Textile Research.,24, 269-275(1999) @No $ @ @ Chauhan, G. S., Bhatt, S. S., Kaur, I., Singha, A. S. and Kaith, B. S., A study in the evaluation of grafting parameters, swelling and thermal behaviour of Rayon and its methylmethacryalate graft co-polymer initiated by ceric ions,J. Polym. Mater., 17, 363-370 @No $ @ @ Bajpai, M. Bajpai, S. K., and Gupta, P., cotton fabric with antibacterial propePreparation of poly(acrylamidecotton fabric and its water uptake analysisPart A: Pure & Appl. Chem.,45, 179-185 (2008) @No $ @ @ Chauhan, G. S., Bhatt, S. S., Kaur, I., Singha, A. S. and Kaith, B. S., Evaluation of optimum grafting parameters and the effect of ceric ion initiated grafting of methyl methacrylate on to jute fibre on the kinetics of thermal degradation and swelling behaviourStab.,69, 261-265 (2000) @No $ @ @ Ferrero, F., Periolatto, M. and Songia, M. B., with methacrylic and epoxy monomers: Thermal process in comparison with ultraviolet curing, Sci.,110, 1019-1027 (2008) @No $ @ @ Li, W., Qiao, X., Sun, K. and Chen. X.,viscoelastic properties of novel silk fibroin fibre/poly(caprolactone) biocomposites, 134-139 (2008) @No $ @ @ Li, W., Zou, L., Zhou, X., Zhang, B., Wang, X. and Chen, D., Surface dyeability of cotton and nylon fabrics coated with a novel porous silk fibroin/silica nanohybrid, Polym. Sci.,106, 1670-1676(2007)  @No $ @ @  Prachayawarakorn, J. and Boonsawat, K., chemical, and dyeing properties of Bombyx mori silks grafted by 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate,J. Appl. Polym. Sci.,106, 1526-1534 (2007) @No $ @ @ Panda, G., Pati, N. C. and Nayak, P. L., monomers onto silk fibres. VIII. Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto silk using tetmanganese-oxalic acid redox system,Sci.,25, 1479-1489 (1980) @No $ @ @ Gulrajani, M. L., Gupta, D., Periyasamy, S. and Muthu, S. G., Preparation and application of silver nanoparticles on silk for imparting antimicrobial properties, Polym. Sci.,108, 614-623 2008) @No $ @ @ Kaith, B. S., Singha, A. S. and Kumar S., Modification of mulberry silk through graft comethyl methacreylate and evaluation of swelling behaviour, moisture absorbance, wettability, chemical resistance and dyeing characteristics,45-54 (2006) @No $ @ @ Kalia, S.Kumar, S. and Kaith, B. S., radiations induced grafting on crystalline structure of flax cellulose,Malaysian Polym.,J.4, 46-51 (2009) @No $ @ @ Das, A. and Saikia, C. N., Grafting vinyl monomers onto silk fibres: Graft copolymerization of methylmethacrylate (MMA) onto –Ind. J. Chem. Tech.,9, 41-45(2002) @No $ @ @ Das, A., Saikia, C. N. and Hussain, S.,Grafting of methyl methacrylate (MMA) onto Antheraea assama silk fibre,J Appl. Polym. Sci.,81, 2633-2641 (2001) @No $ @ @ Peng, Q., Xu, Q., Sun, D. and Shao, Z.,Grafting of methyl methacrylate onto Antheraea pernyi silk fibre with the assistance of supercritical CO2,J. Appl. Polym. Sci.,100, 1299-1305 (2006) @No $ @ @ Banyal, S., Kaith, B. S. and Sharma, R. K., Grafting of binary mixtures of methyl methacrylate and some vinyl monomers onto mulberry silk fibre: Synthesis, characterization and preliminary investigations into gentian violet uptake by graft copolymers, Adv. Appl. Sci. Res, , 193-207 (2011) @No $ @ @ Munmaya, M. K.,Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) onto silk using potassium peroxydiphosphate-cysteine (PP-Cys) redox system,J. Appl. Polym. Sci.,27, 2403-2408(2003) @No $ @ @ Sharma, R. K. and Kumar, S. Graft copolymerization of binary monomer mixtures on to silk fibre, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 3(11), 73-81 (2013) @No $ @ @ Sharma, R. K. and Kumar, S., Synthesis and characterization of graft copolymers of mulberry silk fiber with vinyl binary monomers,Adv. Appl. Sci. Res, , 193-207 (2011) @No 
<#LINE#>Abridged Production and Revitalization of Bioethanol from Biomass<#LINE#>Sudeep@Mukherjee,Alak@Paul,Lakhawat@G.P.,S.R.Mote@<#LINE#>72-79<#LINE#>13.ISCA-RJCS-2014-65.pdf<#LINE#> Chemical Engineering, Priyadarshini Institute of Engineering and Technology, Maharashtra, INDIA <#LINE#>23/3/2014<#LINE#>28/4/2014<#LINE#> The environmental concern is growing day by day. The emission of the harmful gasses in the environment can be solemnly reduced by the reduction in the usage of the fossil fuels. The alternative is to use a renewable source of energy which could fulfil the growing demands of the fossil fuels. One of the alternatives is the bioethanol but the major concern is availability of raw materials and a very cost efficient production of bioethanol. Here we present a study of production which would fulfil the above two major concerns. We used arum root as the raw material and treated it only with acid to produce bioethanol by the fermentation process. The results have shown the feasibility of producing bioethanol from arum root only using the dilute acid pretreatment. The separation of the ethanol water mixture generated as the fermentation product was done using the pervaporation setup followed by the distillation process to obtain 99.9 % pure bioethanol. <#LINE#> @ @ Polycarpou P., Bioethanol production fromAsphodelus aestivus, Renewable Energy, 34(12), 2525–2527 (2009) @No $ @ @ Ahmed I.N., Nguyen P.L.T., Huynh L.H., Ismadji S., Ju Y. H., Bioethanol production from pretreatedMelaleuca leucadendron shedding bark-Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation at high solid loading, Bioresource Technology, 136, 213–221 (2013) @No $ @ @ Bhatia L., Johri S. and Ahmad R., An economic and ecological perspective of ethanol production from renewable agro waste: a review, AMB Express, 65 (2012) @No $ @ @ Deenanath E.V., Rumbold K. andIyuke S., The Production of Bioethanol from Cashew Apple Juice by Batch Fermentation UsingSaccharomyces cerevisiae Y2084 and Vin13, ISRN Renewable Energy, 2013, 11 (2013) @No $ @ @ Lalitha G., Sivaraj R., Use of fruit biomass peel residue for ethanol production, International Journal of Pharma and Bio sciences, 2(2)(2011) @No $ @ @ Shen F., Zeng Y., Deng S., Liu R., Bioethanol production from sweet sorghum stalk juice with immobilized yeast, Procedia Environmental Sciences,11, Part B, 782–789 (2011) @No $ @ @ Mazaheri D., Shojaosadati S. A., Mousavi S. M.,Hejazi P., Saharkhiz S., Bioethanol production from carob pods by solid-state fermentation withZymomonas mobilis, Applied Energy, 99, 372–378 (2012) @No $ @ @ Arumugam R., Manikandan M., Fermentation of pretreated hydrolyzates of banana and mango fruit wastes for ethanol production, Asian j. exp. biol. sci., 2(2), 246-256 (2011) @No $ @ @ Singh D.P., Trivedi R.K., Acid and Alkaline pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass to produce ethanol as biofuel, International Journal of Chemtech Research, 5(2), 727-734 (2013) @No $ @ @ Sun Y. and Cheng J., Hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials for ethanol production: a review, Bioresource Technology, 83(1), 1–11 (2002) @No $ @ @ Verma A., Kumar S., Jain P.K., Key pre-treatment technologies on cellulosic ethanol production, Journal of scientific research,55, 57-63 (2011) @No $ @ @ Kumar D., Murthy G. S.,Impact of pretreatment and downstream processing technologies on economics and energy in cellulosic ethanol production, Biotechnol Biofuels, 27 (2011) @No $ @ @ Soccol C.R., Vandenberghe L.P.S.,Medeiros A.B.P.,Karp S.G., Buckeridge M., Ramos L. P., Pitarelo A. P., Ferreira-Leităo V., Gottschalk L. M. F., Ferrara M. A., Silva Bon E. P.,Moraes L. M. P., Araújo J.A., Torres F. A. G., Bioethanol from lignocelluloses: Status and perspectives in Brazil, Bioresource Technology, 101(13), 4820–4825 (2010)  @No $ @ @ Kosugi A., Kondo A., Ueda M., Murata Y., Vaithanomsat P., Thanapase W., Arai T., Mori Y., Production of ethanol from cassava pulpviafermentation with a surface-engineered yeast strain displaying glucoamylase, Renewable Energy, 34(5), 1354–1358 (2009) @No $ @ @ Itelima J., Onwuliri F., Onwuliri E., Onyimba I., Oforji S., Bio-Ethanol Production from Banana, Plantain and Pineapple Peels by Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation Process, International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, 4(2)(2013) @No $ @ @ Xu J., Cui W., Cheng J.J., Stomp A.M., Production of high-starch duckweed and its conversion to bioethanol, Biosystems Engineering, 110(2), 67–72 (2011) @No $ @ @ Zhu J.Y. and Pan X. J., Woody biomass pretreatment for cellulosic ethanol production: Technology and energy consumption evaluation, Bioresource Technology, 101(13), 4992–5002 (2010) @No $ @ @ Balat M., Balat H., Recent trends in global production and utilization of bio-ethanol fuel, Applied Energy, 86, 2273–2282 (2009) @No $ @ @ Daystar J., Reeb C., Venditti R., Gonzalez R., Puettmann M.E., Life-cycle assessment of bioethanol from pine residues via indirect biomass gasification to mixed alcohols, Forest Products Journal, 62(4), 315 (2012) @No $ @ @ Talwana H.A.L., Serem A.K., Ndabikunze B.K., Nandi J.O.M., Tumuhimbise R., Kaweesi T., Chumo E.C., Palapala V., Production Status and Prospects of Cocoyam (Arum root  (L.) Schott.) in East Africa, Journal of root crops, 35(1), 98-107 (2009) @No $ @ @ Quach M.L., Melton L.D., Harris P.J., Burdon J.N., Smith B.G., Cell wall compositions of raw and cooked corms of Taro (Arum root ), Journal of the science of food and agriculture, 81, 311-318 (2000) @No $ @ @ Canilha L., Chandel A.K., Milessi T.S.S., Antunes F.A.F., Freitas W.L.C., Felipe M. G. A., Silva S. S., Bioconversion of Sugarcane Biomass into Ethanol: An Overview about Composition, Pretreatment Methods, Detoxification of Hydrolysates, Enzymatic Saccharification, and Ethanol Fermentation, Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, 2012,(2012) @No $ @ @ Petersson A., Thomsen M. H., Nielsen H. H., Thomsen A. B., Potential bioethanol and biogas production using lignocellulosic biomass from winter rye, oilseed rape and faba bean, Biomass and Bioenergy, 31(11–12), 812–819 (2007) @No $ @ @ Zheng Y., Pan Z., Zhang R., Overview of biomass pretreatment for cellulosic ethanol production, International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Vol 2, No 3 (2009) @No $ @ @ Zheng Y., Pan Z., Zhang R., Overview of biomass pretreatment for cellulosic ethanol production, Int J. Agric & Biol Eng, 2(3)(2009) @No $ @ @ Sanjay B., Non Conventional Seed Oils as Potential Feedstocks for Future Biodiesel Industries: A Brief Review, ResearchJournal of Chemical Sciences, 3(5), 99-103 (2013) @No $ @ @ Bobade S. N. and Khyade V.B., Detail Study on the Properties of Pongamia Pinnata (Karanja) for the Production of Biofuel, ResearchJournal of Chemical Sciences, 2(7), 16-20 (2012) @No $ @ @ Patil J.H., Raj M. L.A., Bhargav S. and Sowmya S.R., Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Water Hyacinth with Primary Sludge, ResearchJournal of Chemical Sciences, 1(3) (2011) @No $ @ @ Sanjay B., Heterogeneous Catalyst Derived from Natural Resources for Biodiesel Production: A Review, ResearchJournal of Chemical Sciences, 3(6), 95-101 (2013) @No $ @ @ Sarkiyayi S. and Shehu M., Effects of Boiling and Fermentation on the Nutrient Composition of Cow Milk in Kaduna Metropolis, ResearchJournal of Chemical Sciences, 1(7), 81-84 (2011) @No
@Research Article
<#LINE#>Studies of Chemical bath Anti-Reflection Thin Films of ZnNiS<#LINE#>I.E@Ottih<#LINE#>80-84<#LINE#>14.ISCA-RJCS-2013-193.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Industrial Physics, Anambra State University, Uli, NIGERIA <#LINE#>13/12/2013<#LINE#>3/3/2014<#LINE#> Zinc nickel sulphide (ZnNiS) thin films were produced on glass slides by chemical bath deposition technique (CBD). The structural, composition and optical studies were done. These analyses were obtained using an optical microscope and XRD (MD10 version 2.0 X-ray) diffratometer, energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) and a Janway 6405 UV-VIS spectrophotometer respectively. The effects of variation in the deposition time on the electrical, composition and optical properties of the grown films were discovered. From the XRD results, the films crystal structure was found to be tetragonal.The presence of many peaks indicates that the grown films are polycrystalline. An average grain size (D) of the film was estimated to be 0.003m. The compositional study shows that as the deposition time increases, the Zn2+ decreases. The optical analysis indicates that the grown films can be applied as antireflection films, solar control coating and absorber layer films. These were discovered from their optical properties. <#LINE#> @ @ Ottih I.E., Ekpunobi A.J. and Ekwo P., Effects of ammonia volume on optical and structural properties of solution grown CuNiS thin films, J. of African phy. Rev. of phys., , 1–6 (2011) @No $ @ @ Stories A.K., Solar Thermal Collector and Applications, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 231-295 (2004) @No $ @ @ Ottih I.E. and Ekpunobi A.J., X-ray and optical characterization of chemical bath deposited cadmium nickel sulphide (CdNiS) thin films,J. of Basic Phys. Res.,, 17-22 (2010) @No $ @ @ Ottih I.E.and Ekpunobi A.J., Effects of complexing agent on chemically deposited MgNiS thin films, Mold. J.of the Phy. Sci., 209-214 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ottih I.E.and Ekpunobi A.J., Fabrication and Characterization of High Efficiency Solar Cell Thin Film Cdnis, Pac. J. Of Sci. And Tech., 12(1), 351-355 (2011) @No $ @ @ Kale R.B., Sarlole S.D. and Lokhande C.D., Chemical synthesis of magnesium sulphide thin films, Appl. Surf. Sci.,25, 820–824 (2006) @No $ @ @ Osuji R.U.,Nig. J. of Sol. Ener., 14, 90 (2003) @No $ @ @ Ottih I.E and Ekpunobi A.J., Effects of Nickel Ion Concentration on the Optical and Compositional of Cux-S Thin Films,Adv. in App. Sci. Res, 3(6), 4053-4058 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ottih I.E. and Ekpunobi A.J., Influence of Deposition Time on Optical and Electrical Properties of CuNiS Thin Films,Nig. J. of Sol. Ener., 23, 120-124 (2012) @No $ @ @ Padiyam D.P., Marikani A.and MuraliK.R., Cryst. Res. Techn.,35, 949 (2000) @No $ @ @ Ottih I.E., Ekpunobi A.J. and Ekwo P., Influence of deposition time on structural and optical properties of chemical bath deposition of MgNiS thin films,Mold.  J. of  Phy. Sci.,10(2), 194-200 (2011) @No $ @ @ Ezugwu S.C., Ezema F.I. and Osuji R.U., Effect of deposition time on the band gap and optical properties of chemical bath deposited CdNiS thin films,Opto. and Adv. Mater. Rap. Comm.,, 141-144 (2009) @No $ @ @ Ottih I.E. and Ekpunobi A.J., Chemical Bath Deposited CdNiS Thin films,Nig. J. of Sol. ener., 23, 115-119 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ottih I.E. and Ekpunobi A.J., Chemical Bath Deposited Solar Collector Film (MgNiS),Procd. Of Sci. Conf., 342-346(2012) @No 
<#LINE#>Termite mound as an Effective Geochemical Tool in Mineral Exploration: A Study from Chromite Mining Area, Karnataka, India<#LINE#>L.ChandraSekhar@Reddy<#LINE#>85-90<#LINE#>15.ISCA-RJCS-2014-60.pdf<#LINE#><#LINE#>14/3/2014<#LINE#>22/4/2014<#LINE#> In Byrapur chromite mining area, the ore element Cr and other associated trace elements Viz., Co, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Mo were determined for termite mounds and their adjoining surface soils unaffected by termites. A biogeochemical parameter called “Biological Absorption Co-efficient” (BAC) of these mounds is computed which helps in the evaluation of the mounds in the geochemical orientation surveys and in mineral exploration. The maximum BAC value 19,090 for Cr element in termite mounds is attributed to the influence of chromite mineral zone in the study area. Since the BAC values of Cr element in all termite mounds are classified as “positive” reflecting the enrichment of the chromium element in the termite mound with reference to the surface soil. The concentration of ore element Cr in termite soils is from 1400 to 4500 ppm, and that of soils it is from 220 to 960 ppm reflecting the element Cr in the termite soils in the study area. These studies reveal that the mounds exhibit indicator characteristics especially for Cr element and also for other associated elements viz., Co, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Mo. Hence termite mound may be considered as a tool in mineral exploration. <#LINE#> @ @ Prasad E.A.V. Bioindicators for non-biotic natural resoures in Varahamihiras Brihat Samhita. Int. Sem. on Geobotany and Biogeochemistry in Exploration of Ground Water and Mineral Resources, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India, 56(1984) @No $ @ @ Prasad E.A.V. Ground Water in Varahamihiras Brihat Samhita, Department of Geology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 351 (1980) @No $ @ @ Prasad E.A.V. and Vijayasaradhi D. Biogeochemistry of chromium and vanadium from mineralized zones of Kondapalli and Putrela, Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh, Jour. Geol. Soc. India, 26, 133-136 (1985) @No $ @ @ Prasad E.A.V., Jayarama Gupta M. and Dunn C.E. Significance of termite mounds in gold exploration,Curr Sci 56, 1219-1222 (1987) @No $ @ @ Gloazovskaya N.F. Geochemical features of termitaria, Institute of soil science and photosynthesis. Academy Sciences, USSR, Moscow. Pochovedenie-Cisti, (in Russian with English abstract),, 19-28 (1984) @No $ @ @ Prasad E.A.V. and Vijayasaradhi D. Termite mound in geochemical prospecting,Curr. Sci., 53, 649-651 (1984) @No $ @ @ Suryaprakash Rao K. and Raju S.V. Geochemical analysis of termite mounds as a prospecting tool for tin deposits in Bastar, M.P- A preliminary study,Proc.Indian Acad. Sci.,93, 141-148 (1984) @No $ @ @ Prasad E.A.V. and Sankaranna G.A., biogeochemical aspect of the termite mounds from base metal mineralization of Agnigundala, Andhra Pradesh,Geobios.,14, 80-83 (1987) @No $ @ @ Gopalakrishnan R., Exploration for gold using termitaria, Current Science,65(2), 168-169 (1993) @No $ @ @ Raghu V. and Prasad E.A.V. Termite mound as a biogeochemical tool for mineral exploration: An example from the Mangampeta barite mining area, Cuddapah District, Andhra Pradesh,Jour. Geol. Soc. India,48 (6),683-687 (1996) @No $ @ @ Raghu V. Termite mound as a bioindicator for the exploration of barite in the area around Vemula mine, Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh,Indian Journal of Geocheminstry 22 (1), 45-56 (2007) @No $ @ @ Brooks R.R. Biological methods of prospecting for minerals. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 322, (1983) @No $ @ @ Lee K.E. and Wood, T.G. Termites and Soils. Academic Press, London, 251, (1971) @No $ @ @ Lobry de Bruyn L.A. and Conacher A.J. The role of termite and ants in soil modification: a review,Aust.Jour. Soi.Res.,28, 55-93 (1990) @No $ @ @ Krishna K. and Weesner F.M. eds. Biology of termites, v. 2, Academic press New York, 643, (1970) @No $ @ @ Sen-sarma P.K. Ecology and biogeography of termites of India. pp.421-427. In: Ecology and Biogeography in India(ed: M.S. Mani), Dr. W. Junk B.V.Publishers, The Hague(1974) @No $ @ @ Watson J.P., Contribution of termites to development of zinc anomalies in Kalahari sand,Trans. Inst. Min. Metall.,79B, B53-B59 (1970) @No $ @ @ Watson J.P. The distribution gold in termite mounds and soils at a gold anomaly in Kalahari sand. Soil Sci, 113317-321(1972) @No $ @ @ Arshad M.A., Physical and chemical properties of termite mounds of two species of mactrotermes (Isoptera, Termitidae) and the surrounding soils of the semi-arid savanna of Kenya. Soil Sci,132,161-174 (1981) @No $ @ @ Mermat A.R., Arshad M.A. and Arnanud R.J. Micropedological study of termite mounds of three species of Macrotermes in Kenya,Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Jour,48, 613-620 (1984) @No $ @ @ Cowan J.A., Humphreys G.S., Mitchel P.B. and Murphy C.L. An assessment of pedoturbation by two species of mound-building ants, componotus intrepedius (Kirby) and Iridomyrmex purpureus (F.Smith), Aust. J. Soil. Res.,22, 95-107 (1985) @No $ @ @ Reddy K.S. and Raj A.N. The physical and textural characteristics of terite mounds from Podili and Talupula areas, Andhra Pradesh,Jour.Geol.Soc.India,61(6), 693-698 (2003) @No $ @ @ Nagaraju A., Karimulla S. and Killham K. Physical properties of termite mounds: A case study from the Mangampeta barite mining area of Andhra Pradesh, India,Ind. Jour. Ecol.,31(1), 14-15 (2004) @No $ @ @ Chandrasekhar Reddy L., Ramana Reddy K.V. and Domodaram B. Physico-chemical characteristics of termite mounds: A case study from Byrapur chromite mining area, Karnataka,Environmental Geochemistry,15(1), 9-13 (2012) @No $ @ @ Bidyananda M., Deomurari M.P. and Goswami J.N. Pb207/Pb206 ages of zircons from the Nuggihalli Schist belt, Dharwar craton, Southern India,Geol. Sur. India Spl pub.,57, 131-150 (2003) @No $ @ @ Tapan P., Prabal Kumar M. Dipankar D.and Sachinath Mitra, Oxidation character of chlorite from Byrapur chromite deposit, India –A 57Fe Mossbauer evaluation,Bull. Mater. Sci.,16, 229-237 (1993) @No $ @ @ Damodaram K.T. and Soma Sekhar B. Chromo chlorite (Kotschubeite) from the Nuggihalli Schist belt,Clays and Clay Minerals,24, 31-35 (1976) @No $ @ @ Laphan D.M. Structural and chemical variation in chromium chlorite,Am. Miner,43, 921-956 (1958) @No $ @ @ Sankaranna G. and Prasad E.A.V. Biogeochemical survey of termite mounds and their vegetal cover: A case strdy from Agnigundala base metal province in Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, India,Jour.Geol.Soc.India,56(3), 321-326(2000) @No $ @ @ Rose A.W., Hawkes H.E. and Web J.S. Geochemistry in Mineral Exploration, Academic Press, London, 657 (1979) @No