@Research Paper <#LINE#>Removal of Methelene Blue from Aqueous Solution by Dehydrated Maize Tassels<#LINE#>Muchanyeryi@Netai,Nyasha@Matavire,Luke@Gwatidzo,Eric@Togarepi<#LINE#>5-12<#LINE#>1.ISCA-RJCS-2014-157.pdf<#LINE#>Bindura University of Science Education, P. Bag 1020, Bindura, ZIMBABWE <#LINE#>27/9/2014<#LINE#>29/10/2014<#LINE#>Maize tassels are agricultural wastes that are abundant. They were used to prepare Dehydrated Maize Tassels for methylene blue adsorption. Dehydrated Maize Tassels were produced by mixing maize tassels and concentrated sulphuric acid for 24 hours. The adsorption studies of methylene blue from aqueous solution using maize tassels was studied in the range of 1–5 mg dm 3 initial methylene blue concentration, at different temperatures, different adsorbent dosages and at varied contact times. The adsorption was determined spectrophotometrically at 660nm. Adsorption increased with increase in adsorbate dosage. Increase in initial methylene blue concentration resulted in increased adsorption. Maximum adsorption occurred at pH of 6.8, temperature of 25°C, and contact time of 20 minutes. The Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption models were used for the mathematical description of the adsorption equilibrium. The data fitted well into the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity obtained was 99.84%.<#LINE#> @ @ Mohammed M.A., Shitu A. and Ibrahim A., Removal of Methylene Blue Using Low Cost Adsorbent: A Review, Research Journal of Chemical Science.,4(1), 91-102 (2014) @No $ @ @ Gong R, Jin Y, Chen J, Hu Y, and Sun J., Removal of basic dye from aqueous solution by sorption on phosphoric acid modified rice straw, Dyes Pigm., 73, 332–337 (2007) @No $ @ @ Dash R., and Mishra P., Photocatalytic degradation of model textile dyes in wastewater using ZnO as semiconductor catalyst, J. Hazard. Mater, B112 , 269–278 (2010) @No $ @ @ Bhattacharyya K.G. and Sharma A., Kinetics and thermodynamics of Methylene Blue adsorption on Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf powder, Dye. Pigment. 65, 51–59(2005) @No $ @ @ Keivani M.B., Zare K., Aghaie H. and Ansari R., Removal of methylene blue dye by application of polyaniline nano composite from aqueous solutions, Journal of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry of Islamic Azad University of Iran, 6(1), 50 – 56 (2009) @No $ @ @ Rajeshwarisivaraj S., Sivakumar S., Senthilkumar P. and Subburam V., Carbon from cassava peel, an agricultural waste, as an adsorbent in the removal of dyes and metal ions from aqueous solution, Bioresour. Technol., 80, 233–235 (2001) @No $ @ @ Janos P., Buchtova H., and Ry´znarova M., Sorption of dyes from aqueous solution onto fly ash, Water Res., 37, 4938–4944 (2003) @No $ @ @ Garg V.K., Amita M., Kumar R. and Gupta R., Basic dye (methylene blue) removal from simulated wastewater by adsorption using Indian rosewood sawdust : A timber industry waste, Dyes Pigments, 63, 243–250 (2004) @No $ @ @ Kadirvelu K., Kavipriya M., Karthika C., Radhika M., Vennilamani N. and Pattabhi S., Utilization of various agricultural wastes for activated carbon preparation and application for the removal of dyes and metal ions from aqueous solutions, Bioresour, Technol., 87, 129–132 (2003) @No $ @ @ Chaudhary A.J., Ganguli B. and Grimes S.M., The use of chromium waste sludge for the adsorption of colour from dye effluent streams, J. Chem. Technol. Biotecnol., 77, 767–770 (2002) @No $ @ @ Pavan F.A., Mazzocato A.C. and Gushikem Y., Removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solutions by adsorption using yellow passion fruit peel as adsorbent, Bioresource Technology., 99, 3162–3165 (2008) @No $ @ @ Adel A.M., El –Wahab Z.H.A., Ibrahim A.A. and Al–Shemy M.T., Characterization of microcrystalline cellulose prepared from lignocellulosic materials, Part I. Acid catalyzed hydrolysis, Bioresource Technology., 101, 4446–4455 (2010) @No $ @ @ Kumar K.V. and Kumaran A., Removal of methylene blue by mango seed kernel powder, Biochem. Eng. J., 27, 83–93 (2005) @No $ @ @ Zhang Z., O’Hara I.M., Kent G.A. and Doherty W.O.S., Comparative study on adsorption of two cationic dyes by milled sugarcane bagasse, Industrial Crops and Products., 4, 41-49 (2013) @No $ @ @ Cyran M.R., Association and Structural Diversity of Hemicelluloses in the Cell Walls of Rye Outer Layers : Comparison between Two Ryes with Opposite Bread making Quality, Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry., 55, 2329-2341 (2007) @No $ @ @ Wilson R.H., Smith A.C., Kacurakova M., Saunders P.K., Wellner N. and Waldron K.W., Plant Physiology., 124, 397-405 (2000) @No $ @ @ Schulz H. and Baranska M., Identification and Quantification of valuable Plant Substances by IR and Raman Spectroscopy, Vibrational Spectroscopy., 43, 13-25 (2007) @No $ @ @ Muchanyereyi N., Chiripayi L., Shasha D. and Mupa M., Adsorption of Phenol from Aqueous Solution Using Carbonized Maize Tassels. British Journal of Applied Science and Technology. , 3(3), 649-661 (2013) @No $ @ @ Annadurai G., Juang R.S., and Lee D.J.: Use of cellulose-based wastes for adsorption of dyes from aqueous solutions. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 92(3),263-274 (2002) @No $ @ @ Hamdaoui O. and Chiha M., Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions by Wheat Bran; Acta Chim. Slov.,54, 407–418 (2007) @No $ @ @ Abechi E.S., Gimba C.E., Uzairu A, and Kagbu J.A., Kinetics of adsorption of methylene blue onto activated carbon prepared from palm kernel shell, Archives of Applied Science Research., 3 (1),154-164 (2011) @No $ @ @ Shehata A.M.A., Removal of Methylene Blue Dye from Aqueous Solutions by Using Treated Animal Bone As A Cheap Natural Adsorbent, International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering., 3(12), 507-513 (2013) @No <#LINE#>Assessment of Heavy Metals in Rooftop dust around Lake Nakuru Basin, Kenya<#LINE#>Wangari@StephenN.,@Kinyanjui,K.@Thomas,@Odongo,O.@Alfred,@Kariuki,M.@Samuel<#LINE#>13-17<#LINE#>2.ISCA-RJCS-2014-164.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, Egerton University,. P.O. Box 536-20115, Egerton, KENYA @ Department of Natural Sciences, Mount Kenya University,. P.O. Box 17273-00200, Nakuru, KENYA <#LINE#>10/10/2014<#LINE#>11/11/2014<#LINE#>Samples of sedimented dust on roofs from 34 locations within the Lake Nakuru Basin (LNB), Kenya were analyzed for their heavy metals content. The samples were analyzed for Pb, Ni, Zn, Fe and Cr. Statistical analyses were done using SPSS version 11.5 and Microsoft EXCEL spreadsheets. The result of the analysis showed that Iron (Fe) has the highest concentration level followed by Zn, Cr, and Pb with mean values of 0.2 ppm, 5.1 ppm, 16.1 ppm and 0.3 ppm respectively while the concentration of Ni was below the detection limit. The results of the analysis were used to determine spatial dispersal and scale of heavy metals pollution with respect to direction. The results of this study reveal that heavy metals distribution is not significantly different in the various directions of the LNB. <#LINE#> @ @ Adamu C. I., Nganje T. N., Ukwang E.E., Keneth A. and Peter N., A Study of the Distribution pattern of Heavy metals in surface soils around ArufuPb-Zn mine, Northeastern Nigeria, Using Factor Analysis, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(2), 70-80 (2011) @No $ @ @ Iwuoha G.N., Osuji L.C. and Horsfall M. Jnr., Index Model Analysis Approach to Heavy Metal Pollution Assessment in Sediments of Nworie and Otamiri Rivers in Imo State of Nigeria, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 2(8), 1-8 2012) @No $ @ @ Mohaupt V., Sieber U., van den Roovaart J., Verstappen, C.G., Langenfeld F. and Braun M., Diffuse sources of heavy metals in the Rhine basin, Water, Science and Technology, 44, 41 49 (2001) @No $ @ @ Davis B.S. and Birch G.F., Spatial distribution of bulk atmospheric deposition of heavy metals in Metropolitan Sydney, Australia, Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 214, 147-162 (2011) @No $ @ @ Abii T.A., Levels of Heavy Metals (Cr, Pb, Cd) Available for Plants within Abandoned Mechanic Workshops in Umuahia Metropolis, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 2(2), 79-82 (2012) @No $ @ @ EMEP Status Report 2, 2005. Heavy metals: Transboundary pollution of the Environment, Retrieved on July 10, 2012. 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And Kartal ., Multivariate analysis of the data and speciation of heavy metals in street dust samples from the Organized Industrial District in Kayseri (Turkey), Atmospheric Environment,40, 2797 – 2805 (2006) @No $ @ @ Markus J.A. and McBratney A.B., An urban soil study: heavy metals in Glebe, Australia, Australian Journal of Soil Research, 34, 453-465 (1996) @No $ @ @ Thornton I., Metal contamination of soils in urban areas. In: Bullock, P., Gregory, P. J. 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Oxford University Press, New York (1996) @No $ @ @ Department of Environment, Pollution Control Section. State of Environment Report. Toward better water quality management, Municipal Council of Nakuru, (2009) @No $ @ @ Parkinson J.A. and Allen S.E., A wet oxidation procedure suitable for the determination of nitrogen and mineral nutrients in biological materials, Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., , 1-11(1975) @No $ @ @ Grimshaw H.M., The determination of total phosphorus in soils by acid digestion. In: Rowland, A.P., (ed.) Chemical analysis in environmental research, Abbotts Ripton, NERC/ITE, 92-95 (1987) @No $ @ @ Gadd J. and Kennedy P., House runoff: Is it as clean as we think? Second South Pacific Stormwater Conference (2001) @No $ @ @ Ferguson J.E., and Kim N., Trace elements in street dust and house dusts source and separation. Science of Total Environment, 100, 125-150 (1991) @No $ @ @ Akhter M., S. and Madany I. M., Heavy metals in street dust and house dust in Bahrain. Water, Air and Soil pollution, 66, 111-119 (1993) @No $ @ @ Pacyna J., M. In: Nriagu, J. O. and Davidson, C. I. (Eds.), Toxic Metals in the Atmosphere. Wiley, New York. pp. 1-32 (1986) @No $ @ @ Arslan H., Heavy metals in street dust in Bursa, Turkey, J. Trace Microprobe Tech., 19, 439–445 (2001) @No $ @ @ Jiries A., Hussein H. and Halaseh Z., The quality of water and sediments of street runoff in Amman, Jordan, Hydrol. Process, 15, 815–824 (2001) @No $ @ @ Bhattacharya T., Chakraborty S., Fadadu B. and Bhattacharya P., Heavy Metal concentrations in Street and Leaf Deposited Dust in Anand City, India, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(5), 61-66(2011) @No $ @ @ Kumar S., Singh J., Das S. and Garg M., AAS Estimation of Heavy Metals and Trace elements in Indian Herbal Cosmetic Preparations, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 2(3), 46-51, (2012) @No <#LINE#>Synthesis and Characterization of Derivative derived from 1, 4-Dihydropyrimidine<#LINE#>SaadSalim@Shaikh,ShaikhSaud@Salim<#LINE#>18-22<#LINE#>3.ISCA-RJCS-2014-165.pdf<#LINE#>AKI Poona College of Arts, Commerce and Science, Camp Pune-411001, Maharashtra, INDIA @ Gokhale Education Society Arts, Commerce and Science College Shrivardhan-402110, Maharashtra, INDIA<#LINE#>10/10/2014<#LINE#>2/11/2014<#LINE#>In our present work A new modification in biginelli product has been developed and formation as well as characterization of ethyl 2-(butylsulfanyl)-4- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -6-methyl-1, 4-dihydropyrimidine-5- carboxylate, ethyl-4- (4-bromophenyl)-2- (butylsulfanyl)-6-methyl-1, 4-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate, ethyl-2-(butylsulfanyl)-6-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 4-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate, ethyl2-(butylsulfanyl)-4- (4-fluorophenyl)-6-methyl-1, 4-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate, ethyl-2-(butylsulfanyl)-6-methyl-4 (3-nitrophenyl)-1, 4-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate. Involving linkage of n-butyl group to Sulphur atom which is having the same biological activity. The compound obtain in the first stage was subjected for further reaction with n-butyl bromide in presence of weak base pyridine. <#LINE#> @ @ Biginelli P., Gazz. Chim, Ital., 23, 360 (1893) @No $ @ @ Ezzat Rand Hadi J Corrects names. A pratical and green approach towards synthesis of di hydro pyrimidinones using heteropoly acids as efficient catalyst, Bioorg. Med. Chem Lett, (16), 2463-2466, (2006) @No $ @ @ B.F. Mirjalili, A. Bamoniri and A. Akbari J.A, Facile Biginelli Reaction on Grinding Using Nano-Ordered MCM-41-SO3H as an Efficient Solid Acid Catalyst,Iran. Chem. Soc., S135-S140 (2011) @No $ @ @ Ramesh Sawant and Varsha Sorde, Synthesis, Spectral Characterization and Analgesic Activity of 2-Methylthio-1, 4-Dihydropyrimidines, Iran J Pharm Res. 10(4), 733–739 (2011) @No $ @ @ Patil A.D., Kumar N.V., Kokke W.C., Bean M.F., Freyer A.J., Debrossi C., Mai S., Truneh a., Faulkner D.J., Carte B., Breen. A.L., Hertzberg R.P., Johnson R.K., Westley J.W. and Potts B.C.M., J. Org. Chem, 60, 1182 (1995) @No $ @ @ Hassani. Z. Islami M.R and Kalantrai M, An Efficient one pot Synthesis of Octahydroquinqzolinone Derivative using catalytic amount of HSO4 in water, Bioorg. Med Chem. Lette, 16, 4479-4482 (2006) @No $ @ @ 739 Kape. C. Oliver, 100 years of the biginelli dihydropyrimidine synthesis, Tetrahedron, 49, 6937-6963 (1993) @No $ @ @ Bose DS, Sudharshan M, Chavhan SW, New protocol for Biginelli reaction-a practical synthesis of Monastrol, Arkivoc., 228–236 (2005) @No $ @ @ Liu CJ, Wang JD, Copper (II) sulfamate : An efficient catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of 3, 4-dihydropyrimidine-2 (1H) - ones and thiones, Molecules., 14, 763–770 (2009) @No $ @ @ Yu Y, Liu D, Liu C and Luo G, One-pot synthesis of 3, 4-dihydropyrimidin-2 (1H)-ones using chloroacetic acid as catalyst, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 17, 3508–3510, (2007) @No $ @ @ Suresh Patil*, Swati D. Jadhav and Sanjeevani Y, Mane Pineapple Juice as a Natural Catalyst : An Excellent Catalyst for Biginelli Reaction, International Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1, 125-131 (2011) @No $ @ @ Kappe CO Biologically active dihydropyrimidones of the Biginelli aliteratureb survey, Eur. J. Med. Chem, 1043-1054 (2003) @No $ @ @ Subhas Bose D., Sudharshan Madapa and Chavhan Sanjay W., New protocol for Biginelli reaction-a practical synthesis of Monastrol, ARKIVOC (iii), 228-236 (2005) @No $ @ @ Nadaraj V.1, Thamarai Selvi S.2*, Abirami M.3 and Daniel Thangadurai T.4., Modified Biginelli reaction : Synthesis of fused Dihydropyrimidones, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, ISSN 2277-2502,Vol. 3 (ISC-2013), 370-374, Res. J. Recent. Sci. (2014) @No <#LINE#>A Facile Regioselective 1,3-dipolar Cycloaddition Protocol for the Synthesis of Thiophene containing Spiro Heterocycles<#LINE#>Geethanjali@Kanagaraju,Arumugam@Thangamani<#LINE#>23-31<#LINE#>4.ISCA-RJCS-2014-172.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, Karpagam University, Coimbatore-641 021, Tamil Nadu, INDIA<#LINE#>20/10/2014<#LINE#>3/11/2014<#LINE#>An efficient three component synthesis of novel spiropyrrolidine compounds were obtained in good-to-excellent yields from the chemo-regio-and stereoselective reaction between -unsaturated ketones with thiophene substituents and non-stabilized azomethineylides, generated in situ from acenaphthenequinone and sarcosine. This protocol has the advantages of highly efficiency, mild reaction conditions, a one-pot procedure, easy workup, short reaction times, convenient operation, and catalyst-free conditions. The synthesized compounds have been characterized by their IR, H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectral data. Single crystal analysis of compounds 5a and 5c and 2D-NMR analysis of compound 5c confirmed the structures of spiropyrrolidine derivatives.<#LINE#> @ @ Ugi I., Domling A. and Werner B., Since 1995 the New Chemistry of Multicomponenet Reactions and Their Libraries, Including Their Heterocyclic Chemistry, Heterocycl. Chem., 37, 647-658 (2000) @No $ @ @ Weber L., Multi-component reactions and evolutionary chemistry, Drug Discovery Today,7(2), 143–147 (2002) @No $ @ @ (a) Tsuge O. and Kanemasa S, Advanced Heterocyclic Chemistry, Katritzky A.R., Eds., Academic, San Diego, CA, 231 (1989) (b) Huisgen R., Houk K.N., Yamaguchi K, 1, 3 dipolar cycloaddition chemistry; Padwa., A., Eds.; Wiley- interscience, NewYork, (1984) (c) Shi, F.; Mancuso, R.; Larock, R. 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Chem., 45(12), 6120-6126 (2010) @No $ @ @ Chandralekha E., Thangamani A. and Valliappan R., Ultrasound-promoted regioselective and stereoselective synthesis of novel spiroindanedionepyrrolizidines by multicomponent 1, 3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides, Res. Chem. Intermed., 39(13), 961-972 (2013) @No $ @ @ (a) The crystal structure has been deposited at the Cambridge Crystallographic Data centre CCDC number: 1004671, molecular formula: C28H23NO2S, unit cell parameters: a 9.6859(3), b 9.8620(3), c 12.9293(4), 76.6380 (10), space group P-1. Data acquisition: The Cambridge Crystallographic Data Center; deposit @ ccdc.cam.ac.uk, http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/deposit, (2014) (b)The crystal structure has been deposited at the Cambridge Crystallographic Data centre CCDC number: 1004647, molecular formula: C2721NOS, unit cell parameters: a 13.0132(6), b 9.8726(5), c 17.8545(8), 108.882(2), space group P2(1)/c. Data acquisition: The Cambridge Crystallographic Data Center; deposit @ ccdc.cam.ac.uk, http: // www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk / deposit, (2014) @No $ @ @ Sheldrick G.M., SHELXS-97: Program for the solution of Crystal Structures; University of Gottingen, Germany, (1997) @No $ @ @ Spek A.L., PLATON: A Multipurpose Crystallographic Tool; Utrecht University; Utrecht, The Netherlands, (1999) @No <#LINE#>Kinetics, Equilibrium and Thermodynamic Studies of the Adsorption of Zinc(II) ions on Carica papaya root powder<#LINE#>O.@Alao,ChijiokeJ.@Ajaelu,O@Ayeni<#LINE#>32-38<#LINE#>5.ISCA-RJCS-2014-175.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemical Science, Tai Solarin University, Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State, NIGERIA @ Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Bowen University, Iwo NIGERIA<#LINE#>21/10/2014<#LINE#>5/11/2014<#LINE#>The adsorption of Zn (II) ions on Carica papaya was studied. The effect of pH, biomass dosage, temperature, adsorption equilibrium and kinetics, were investigated. The optimum pH for the removal of Zn(II) was found to be 6.0. The Freundlich, Langmuir and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R) models were used for the mathematical description of the adsorption equilibrium of which the Freundlich and D-R fitted very well to the experimental data. The adsorption kinetics was well described by the pseudo-second order equation. The thermodynamic studies and sorption energy calculation using D-R isotherm model indicated that the adsorption processes were exothermic and physical in nature.<#LINE#> @ @ Gupta V.K., Gupta M. and Sharma S., Process development for the removal of lead and chromium from aqueous solution using red mud – an aluminum industry waste, Water Res., 35(5), 1125–1134 (2001) @No $ @ @ Al-Mamun M., Poostforush M., Mukul S.A. and Subhan M.A., Isotherm and Kinetics of As(III) Uptake from Aqueous Solution by Cinnamomumzeylanicum., Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 3(3), 34-41, (2013) @No $ @ @ Gopalakrishnan S., Kannadasan T, Velmurugan S, Muthu S and Vinoth Kumar P., Biosorption of chromium (VI) from industrial effluent using Neem leaf adsorbent, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences,3(4) 48-53 2013) @No $ @ @ Nanganoa L.T., Ketcha J.M. and Ndi J.N., Kinetic and Equilibrium Modeling of the Adsorption of Amaranth from aqueous solution onto Smectite Clay, Research Journal of Chemical Science, 4(2), 7-14 (2014) @No $ @ @ Yao Z.Y, Qib J.H and Wanga L.H., Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies on the biosorption of Cu(II) onto chestnut shell, J. Hazard. Mater., (174), 137–143 (2010) @No $ @ @ Mishra S, Devi N., Extraction of copper (II) from hydrochloric acid solution by cyanex 921, Hydrometallurgy 107, 29-33 (2011) @No $ @ @ Bernard E, Jimoh A and Odigure JO, Heavy metal removal from Research industrial water by activated carbon prepared from coconut shell, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 3(8), 3-9 (2013) @No $ @ @ Vaishnav V, Daga K., Chandra S. and Lal M., Adsorption studies of Zn(II) ions from wastewater using Calotropisprocera as an adsorbent, Res. J. Recent. Sci., (1), 160-165 (2012) @No $ @ @ Babel S and Kurniawan T.A., Cr(VI) removal from synthetic wastewater using coconut shell charcoal and commercial activated carbon modified with oxidizing agents and/or chitosan, Chemosphere, 54 (7), 951–967 (2004) @No $ @ @ Khan N.A, Ibrahim S and Subramaniam P, Elimination of Heavy Metals from Wastewater Using Agricultural Wastes as Adsorbents, Malaysian Journal of Science,23, 43–51 (2004) @No $ @ @ Singha B and Das S.K., Biosorption of Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solutions : Kinetics, equilibrium, thermodynamics and desorption studies, Colloids and Surfaces B : Biointerfaces,84, 221–232 (2011) @No $ @ @ Yu T.R., Ji G.L., Electrochemistry of Variable Charge Soils, Science Press, (1996) @No $ @ @ Chen X., Wright J.V., Conca J.L. and Peurrung L.M., Effects of pH on heavy metal sorption on mineral apatite, Environ. Sci. Technol.,31, 624-631(1997) @No $ @ @ Gupta V.K. and Nayak A., Cadmium removal and recovery from aqueous solutions by novel adsorbents prepared from orange peel and Fe nanoparticles, Chemical Engineering Journal,180, 81-90 (2012) @No $ @ @ Atar N, Olgum A and Wang S, Adsorption of cadmium (II) and zinc (II) on boron enrichment process waste in aqueous solutions : Batch and fixed-bed system studies, Chemical Engineering Journal, 192, 1-7, (2012) @No $ @ @ Yan H, Dai J, Yang Z, Yang H and Cheng R, Enhanced and selective adsorption of copper (II) ions on surface carboxymethylated chitosan hydrogel beads, Chemical Engineering Journal, 174, 586– 594 (2011) @No $ @ @ Weber TW. and Chakkravorti RK., Pore and solid diffusion models for fixed bed adsorbers, AIChE J., 20, 228 (1974) @No $ @ @ Cazón JP., Bernardelli C., Viera M., Donati E. and Guibal E., Zinc and cadmium biosorption by untreated and calcium-treated Macrocystispyrifera in a batch system, Bioresource Technology,116, 195–203(2012) @No $ @ @ Karthikeyan T, Rajgopal S and Miranda LR. Chromium (VI), Adsorption from aqueous solution by Hevea-Brasilinesis sawdust activated carbon, J. Hazard. Mater.,124 (1–3),192–199 (2005) @No $ @ @ Ramnani SP and Sabharwal S., Adsorption behavior of Cr(VI) onto radiation crosslinked chitosan and its possible application for the treatment of wastewater containing Cr (VI), React. Funct.Polym. 66, 902–909 (2006) @No $ @ @ Sarkar M and Majumdar P., Application of response surface methodology for optimization of heavy metal biosorption using surfactant modified chitosan bead, Chemical Engineering Journal,175, 376–387 (2011) @No $ @ @ Boyd GE and Soldano B., A self-diffusion of cations in and through sulfonated polystyrene cation-exchange polymers, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 75, 6091–6099 (1953) @No $ @ @ Shukla SR, Pai RS, Roshan SP and Shendharkar AD, Adsorption of Ni (II), Zn(II) and Fe (II) on modified coir fibers, Sep. Purif. Technol., 47, 141–147(2006) @No $ @ @ Namasivayam C, Arasi DJSE, Removal of congo red from wastewater by adsorption onto waste red mud, Chemosphere,34, 401–417 (1997) @No $ @ @ Thevannan R. and Mungroo C.H. Niu, Biosorption of nickel with barley straw, Bioresource Technology, (10), 1776–1780 (2010) @No $ @ @ Sharma DC and Forster CF., A preliminary examination into the adsorption of hexavalent chromium using low-cost adsorbents, Biores. Technol., 47(3), 257–264 (1994) @No $ @ @ Patil S., Renukdas S. and Patel N., Kinetic and Thermodynamic study of removal of Ni (II) ions from aqueous solutions using low cost adsorbents, International Journal of Environmental Sciences, 3(1), 322-340 (2012) @No $ @ @ Namasivayam C, Muniasamy N, Gayathri K, Rani M and Ranganathan K., Removal of dyes from aqueous solutions by cellulosic waste orange peel, Bioresour. Technol., 57, 37–43, (1996) @No $ @ @ Gao H, Liu Y, Zeng G, Xu W, Li T, Xia W, Characterization of Cr (VI) removal from aqueous solutions by a surplus agricultural waste-rice straw, J. Hazard. Mater.,150(2), 446–452 (2008) @No <#LINE#>Eco friendly Novel Polymers based on Glycerol and Sorbitol as a Subtitutes of Acid Slurry in Detergents<#LINE#>S.R.@Mathane,B.B.@Gogte,M.K.N@Yenkei<#LINE#>39-44<#LINE#>6.ISCA-RJCS-2014-183.pdf<#LINE#> Laxminarayan Institute of Technology R.T.M. Nagpur University Nagpur, MH, INDIA <#LINE#>3/11/2014<#LINE#>7/11/2014<#LINE#>Polymeric surfactants based on glycerol and sorbitol have been synthesized and used successfully in detergent compositions.In the present research work a small quantity of maleic anhydride, phthalic anhydride and citric acid along with major quantity of glycerol and sorbitol have been used in synthesis of polymers. The synthesized polymers have been analyses for their physicochemical characteristics like acid value, % oxirane oxygen, HLB ratio, cleaning efficiency and spectral properties like I.R. and N.M.R spectra. Selected novel polymeric surfactants based on these observations have been used in the preparation of powder detergent compositions. In progressive formulations acid slurry of petroleum origin has been replaced by novel polymer by 20-100 %. The total replacement of acid slurry with novel polymer is viable without affecting foaming, cleaning and stain removing capacity.<#LINE#> @ @ Garrett H.E., Surface Active Chemicals Programmer Press, New York (1972) @No $ @ @ Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 20, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 750, (1982) @No $ @ @ Harris J.C., Detergency Evaluation and Testing Intors Science Publisher in, New York (1984) @No $ @ @ A STM Standard Method 6.01, dl 639.70 (for acid value) of Organic Coating Material, Published by the American Society for Testing Material, Philadelphia(1981) @No $ @ @ Dakite P.A., Gogte B.B. and Phate B.W., Int. J. Chem. Sci., 9(2), 816-824 (2011) @No $ @ @ Gogte B.B. and Bhagwat A.M., J. Soaps Deter. Toilet Rev,36, 20-25 (2004) @No $ @ @ Puri B.R. and Sharma I.R., Principals of Physical Chemistry, S.chandandco, New Delhi (1997) @No $ @ @ Silverstein R.M. and Webrster F.X, Spectroscopic identification of Organic Compound, 6th edition to JohnWilley and Sons, inc., New York, 71-143, 217-250 (1998) @No $ @ @ Payne H.F., Organic Coatings Technology, vol.I, John willy and Sons, New York, 87- 106 (1961) @No $ @ @ Harris J.C, Detergency evaluation and Testing (Inter sciences Publisher, Inc,New York 1954) @No $ @ @ Gogte B.B. , Agrawal R. S., Detergent formulations Based on artificial neural network, J. Chemical Engg World.38, 80 (2003) @No $ @ @ IS: 5785, Methods for performance tests for surfaceactive agents. Part IV (Indian standards. New Delhi), (1976) @No $ @ @ BIS: 4955, Methods for the test of detergency for house hold detergents (2000) @No <#LINE#>Arsenic Accumulation in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotype of India<#LINE#>Shailza@Singh,D.P@Singh,Nandita@Singh<#LINE#>45-50<#LINE#>7.ISCA-RJCS-2014-184.pdf<#LINE#>Eco-Auditing Group, National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, INDIA @ Baba Saheb Bhim Rao Ambedkar University, Vidhya Vihar, Rai Bareilly Road, Lucknow, 226025, INDIA<#LINE#>6/11/2014<#LINE#>12/11/2014<#LINE#>Rice is prone to arsenic accumulation due to its cultivation in water logging condition favouring arsenic mobility. Arsenic in rice depends on its availability due to its irrigation with arsenic contaminated water. Therefore it is necessary to resolving this human health risk. Screening of rice genotypes with low arsenic accumulation is considered as the most reasonable and effective approach. The present study was done on arsenic accumulation in common rice genotypes grown in hydroponic medium. All rice seeds were germinated and grown in presence of two concentration of arsenic 50µM and 250µM with control. The results revealed that arsenic concentration in all the genotype increased significantly (p<0.05) with increase in arsenic treatment. According to results Ndr359 genotype accumulated highest concentration of arsenic and swarnsub1 accumulated low arsenic. All the twenty rice genotypes were ranked with respect to their As tolerance index: Ndr3>Sarj>Swarn>Brh5>Laxm>Hkr4>Bg90>Jkrh>Pr11>Nk33>Mtu7>Suru>Ndr8>Pant>Sarb>Ndr9>Bpt5>Tcs5>Nare>Pb01. The results revealed that LARG is the most appropriate to grow in arsenic contaminated region of India.<#LINE#> @ @ Wang Z.G., He H.Y., Yan Y.L., Wu C.Y., Yang Y. and Gao X.Y., Arsenic exposure of residents in areas near Shimen arsenic mine., J. Environ. Health, 16, 4–6 (1999) @No $ @ @ Xie Z.M., Liao M. and Huang C.Y., Effects of arsenic pollution on plants and human health and counter measures, Guangdong Trace Element Science, , 17–21 (1997) @No $ @ @ Visoottiviseth P., Francesconi K. and Sridokchan W. The potential of Thai indigenous plant species for the phytoremediation of arsenic contaminated land, Environ Poll, 118, 453–461(2002) @No $ @ @ O’Neill P. Arsenic., In Alloway, B.J. (Ed.), Heavy Metals in Soils., 105–121 (1995) @No $ @ @ Smedley P.L. and Kinniburgh D.G., A review of the source, behaviour and distribution of arsenic in natural waters, Appl Geochemis, 17, 517–568 (2002) @No $ @ @ Banerjee D.M., Some comments on the source of arsenic in the Bengal Deltaic sediments. In: Bhattacharya, P., Welch, A.H. (Eds.), Arsenic in groundwater of sedimentary aquifers. 31st International geological congress, Rio de Janerio, Brazil, 15–17 (2000) @No $ @ @ Chakraborti A.K. and Das D.K., Arsenic pollution and its environmental significance, Interacad.1: J.272. 262–276 (1997) @No $ @ @ Fazal M.A., Kawachi T. and Ichio E., Validity of the latest research findings on causes of groundwater arsenic contamination in Bangladesh, Water Internat,26(2), 380–389 (2001) @No $ @ @ Hopenhayn C., Arsenic in drinking water : Impact on human health, Elements,2, 103–107 (2006) @No $ @ @ Smith A.H., Lingas E.O. and Rahman M., Contamination of drinking water by arsenic in Bangladesh: A public health emergency, Bulletin of the World Health Organization,78(9), 1093–1103 (2000) @No $ @ @ Nickson R., McArthur J., Burgess W. and Ahmed K.M., Ravenscroft P, Rahman M. Arsenic poisoning of Bangladesh ground water, Nature, 395- 338 (1998) @No $ @ @ Nickson R.T., McArthur J.M., Ravenscroft P., Burgess W.G. and Ahmed K.M., Mechanism of arsenic release to groundwater, Bangladesh and West Bengal, Applied Geochemistry,15, 403–413 (2000) @No $ @ @ Stone R., Arsenic and paddy rice a neglected cancer risk, Nature,321, 184–185 (2008) @No $ @ @ D’Ilio S., Alessandrelli M. and Cresti R. et al, Arsenic content of various types of rice as determined by plasma-based techniques, Microchemi. J., 73, 195–201(2002) @No $ @ @ Islam M.R., Jahiruddin M., Rahman G.K.M.M., Miah M.A.M., Farid A.T.M., Panaullah G.M., Loeppert R.H., Duxbury J.M. and Meisner C.A., Assessment of arsenic in the water-soil-plant systems in gangetic flood plains of Bangladesh, Asian J of Plant Sci, , 489-493(2004) @No $ @ @ Meharg A. A., Arsenic in rice - understanding a new disaster for South-East Asia, Trends in Plant Sci,, 415–417 (2004) @No $ @ @ Ohno K., Yanase T., Matsuo Y., Kimura T., Rahman M.H., Magara Y. and Matsui Y., Arsenic intake via water and food by a population living in an arsenic-affected area of Bangladesh, Sci of the Total Envi, 381, 68-76 (2007) @No $ @ @ Abedin M.J. and Meharg A.A., Relative toxicity of arsenite and arsenate on germination and early seedling growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.), Plant Soil, 243, 57–66 (2002) @No $ @ @ Abedin M.J., Feldman J. and Meharg A.A., Uptake kinetics of arsenic species in rice plants, Plant Physio, 128:1120–1128 (2002) @No $ @ @ Morgan A.J., Evan M., Winters C., Gane M and Davies M.S., Assaying the effect of chemical ameliaorents with earthworms and plants exposed to a heavily polluted metalliferous soil, Euro J of Soil Biol.,38, 323-327 (2002) @No $ @ @ Marin A.R., Masscheleyn P.H. and Patrick W.H., The influence of chemical form and concentration of arsenic on rice growth and tissue arsenic concentration, Plant Soil139, 175–183(1992) @No $ @ @ Marin A. R., Pezeshki S.R., Masschelen P.H. and Choi H.S., Effect of dimethylarsenic acid (DMAA) on growth, tissue arsenic, and photosynthesis of rice plants, J of Plant Nutri, 16, 865–880 (1993) @No $ @ @ Xie Z.M., Liao M., Huang C.Y., Effects of arsenic pollution on plants and human health and counter measures, Guangdong Trace Element Science, , 17–21 (1997) @No $ @ @ Wilkins D.A., The measurement of tolerance to edaphic factors by means of root growth, New Phyto., 136, 481-488 (1978) @No <#LINE#>Extraction and Characterization of Essential oil of Sweet Lime (Citrus Limetta Risso) peel using Microwave-assisted hydrodistillation<#LINE#>Megha@Mahendera,Mumtaj@shah<#LINE#>51-55<#LINE#>8.ISCA-RJCS-2014-186.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemical Engineering, ITM University, Gwalior, MP, INDIA @ Department of chemical engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, INDIA<#LINE#>10/11/2014<#LINE#>15/11/2014<#LINE#>In this study, essential oil of Sweet lime peel, which is a waste in juice industry, was extracted using microwave assisted hydrodistillation and characterization of essential oil has been performed using GC-MS. Extraction efficiencies of extraction process was investigated by varying three factors, time of extraction, microwave power, particle size and dryness period. The results showed that all the concerned factors have a positive effect on the yield. Oil yield is proportional to extraction time and microwave power. Higher yield can be obtained with smaller particle size and dried sample. The essential oil of sweet lime peel is mainly comprised of d-limonene (on average 78.30%). oil is mixture bioactive isomers. microwave assisted hydrodistillation is successfully applied in sweet lime peel processing.<#LINE#> @ @ Beatriz Alvarez Arias and Luis Ramon-Laca, Pharmacological properties of citrus and their ancient and medieval uses in the Mediterranean region, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 97, 89–95 (2005) @No $ @ @ Dan A. Kimball, Citrus Processing: A Complete Guide, Aspen Publishers, Inc., Maryland 2nd edn., 3-5 (1999) @No $ @ @ Manthey A., and Grohmann K., Concentrations of hesperidin and other orange peel flavonoids on citrus processing byproducts, J. Agri. Food Chem., 44, 811–814 (1996) @No $ @ @ Mondello L, Casilli A, Tranchida PQ and Dugo P., Comprehensive two dimensional GC for the analysis of citrus essential oils, Flav. Frag. J., 20, 136-140 (2005) @No $ @ @ Rehman Z., Citrus peel extract : A natural source of antioxidant, Food Chem, 99, 450-454 (2006) @No $ @ @ Guenther E., The Essential Oils, Robert E. Krieger Publishing Company, New York,, 3-225 (1972) @No $ @ @ Thavanapong, Napaporn, Penpun Wet wit ayaklung and Juree Charoenteera boon, Comparison of essentialoils compositions of citrus maxima merr, peel obtained by cold press and vacuumsteam distillation methods and of its peel and flower extract obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide extract ion method and their antimicrobial activity, Journal of Essential Oil Research, 22(1), 71-77 2010) @No $ @ @ Atti-Santos A.C., Rossato M., Atti-Serafini L., Casset E. and Moyna P., Extraction of essential oils from Lime (Citrus latifolia Tanaka) by hydrodistillation and supercritical carbon dioxide, Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 48, 156-160 (2005) @No $ @ @ Kelly C. Zancan, Marcia O.M. Marques, Ademir J. Petenate and M. Angela, Extraction of ginger (Zingiberofficinale Roscoe) oleoresin with CO2 and co-solvents : A study of the antioxidant action of the extracts, The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 24(1), 57–76 (2002) @No $ @ @ Luquede Castro M.D., Jimeènez-Carmona M.M., Fernaèndez-Peèrez V., Towards more rational techniques for the isolation fvaluable essential oils from plants, trendsin analytical chemistry, 18(11), (1999) @No $ @ @ Pare J.R.J., Microwave assisted process for extraction and apparatus therefore, Canadian patent, CA2055390 (1992) @No $ @ @ Jeeva J. and Ramachandramoorthy T., Microwave Assisted Synthesis and Characterisation of Diamagnetic Complexes, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 3(9), 69-76 (2013) @No $ @ @ Ahmed K.A., Elhennawy H.M. and Elkashouti M.A., Microwave Assists the Synthesis of Pyridoneazo Dyes and their Application in polyester printing, Res. J. Chem. Sci. 2(11), 14-19 (2012) @No $ @ @ Kalse S.B., Patil M.M. and Jain S.K., Microwave Drying of Onion Slices, Res.J.chem.sci.,2(4), 57-60 (2012) @No $ @ @ Kenmogne S.B., Ngassoum M., Tchatchueng J.B.Vardamides J.C. and Dongmo A., Microwave Assisted Extraction of Analgesic Compounds of the Root of Ximeniaamericana (Olacaceae), Res. J. chem. sci., 4(7), 7-10 (2014) @No $ @ @ Singh G., Kapoor I.P., Singh P., de Heluani C.S., de Lampasona M.P. and Catalan C.A., Chemistry, antioxidant and antimicrobial investigations on essential oil and oleoresins of Zingiber off icinale, Food Chem Toxicol., 46(10), 3295-302 (2008) @No $ @ @ Wang Z, Wang L, Li T, Zhou X, Ding L, Yu Y, Yu A and Zhang H., Rapid analysis of the essential oils from dried Illiciumverum Hook. f. and ZingiberofficinaleRosc, by improved solvent-free microwave extraction with three types of microwave-absorption medium, Anal Bioanal Chem, 386(6), 1863-1868 (2006) @No $ @ @ Chen S.S. and Spiro M., Study of microwave extraction of essential oil constituents from plant materials,Journal of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy, 29(4)231-241 (1994) @No $ @ @ Lucchesi M.E., Chemat F. and Jacqueline S., Solvent free microwave extraction: an innovative tool for rapid extraction of essential oil from aromatic herbs and spices, Journal of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy, 39(3-4) 137-140 (2004) @No $ @ @ Farhat A., Fabiano-Tixier A., El Maataoui M., Maingonnat J., Romdhane M. and Chemat F., Microwave Steam Diffusion for Extraction of Essential Oil from Orange Peel: Kinetic Data, Extract’s Global Yield and Mechanism, Food Chemistry, 125(1) 255-261 (2011) @No $ @ @ Uysal B., Sozmen F., Aktas O., Oksal B.S. and. Kose E.O, Essential Oil Composition and Antibacterial Activity of the Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi L.) Peel Essential Oils Obtained by Solvent-Free Microwave Extraction: Comparison with Hydrodistillation, International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 46(7) 1455-1461 (2011) @No $ @ @ Neeru Vasudeva and Tanu Sharma, Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil of Citrus limettioides Tanaka, Journal of Pharmaceutical Technology and Drug Research, (2012), doi: 10.7243/2050-120X-1-2 @No $ @ @ Javed S., Ahmad R., Shahzad K., Nawaz S., Saeed S. and Saleem Y., Chemical constituents, antimicrobial and antioxidantactivity of essential oil of Citrus limetta var. Mitha(sweet lime) peel in Pakistan, African Journal of Microbiology Research, 7(24), 3071-3077 (2013) @No $ @ @ Colecio-Juárez M.C., Rubio-Núñez R.E., Botello-Álvarez J.E., Martínez-González G.M., Navarrete-Bolaños J.L. and Jiménez-Islas H., Characterization of volatile compounds in the essential oil of sweet lime citrus limettarisso), hilean journal of agricultural research, 72(2) 275-280 (2012) @No <#LINE#>A Density Functional Theory (DFT) Perspective on Organotin(IV)-Drug Interaction: Dimethyltin(IV) Derivative of Chlordiazepoxide<#LINE#>Sandeep@Pokharia<#LINE#>56-61<#LINE#>9.ISCA-RJCS-2014-187.pdf<#LINE#>Chemistry Section, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, U.P., INDIA<#LINE#>10/11/2014<#LINE#>15/11/2014<#LINE#>The density functional theory (DFT) based quantum-mechanical calculations have been performed on dimethyltin(IV) derivative of chlordiazepoxide using the Gaussian09 software package. The ground state optimization of the possible tetrahedral structure was achieved using B3LYP functional with 6-31G(d,p) basis set for all the atoms, except the tin(IV) atom which was described by LANL2DZ basis set along with the effective core potential. The harmonic vibrational frequencies were computed at the same level of theory to find the true potential energy surface (PES) minima. The charge distribution within the ligand and its dimethyltin(IV) derivative was calculated using Mulliken population analysis, Hirshfeld population analysis and natural population analysis. The conceptual-DFT based global reactivity descriptors such as, electronic chemical potential, electronegativity, chemical hardness, global softness and electrophilicity index for the complex have been obtained using the frontier molecular orbital analysis. The nature of OSn, CSn and NO bond is discussed in terms of the natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The structural analysis in terms of the selected bond lengths and bond angles, and vibrational analysis of characteristic infrared vibrational frequencies of chlordiazepoxide and its studied dimethyltin(IV) derivative is carried out to obtain a theoretical explanation for its possible formation.<#LINE#> @ @ Nath M., Pokharia S., Eng G., Song X. and Kumar A.,New triorganotin(IV) derivatives of dipeptides as anti-inflammatory-antimicrobial agents, Eur. J. Med. Chem., 40, 289-298 (2005) @No $ @ @ Ronconi L. and Sadler P.J., Using coordination chemistry to design new medicines, Coord. Chem. Rev., 251, 1633-1648 (2007) @No $ @ @ Nath M., Pokharia S., Song X., Eng G., Gielen M., Kemmer M., Biesemans M., Willem R. and deVos D., New organotin(IV) derivatives of dipeptides as models for metal-protein interaction: in vitro anti-tumour activity, Appl. Organometal. Chem., 17, 305-314 (2003) @No $ @ @ Alama A., Tasso B., Novelli F. and Sparatore F., Organometallic compounds in oncology: implications of novel organotin as antitumor agents, Drug Discov. Today, 14, 500-508 (2009) @No $ @ @ Carraher C., Sabir T., Roner M., Shahi K., Bleicher R., Roehr J. and Bassett K., Synthesis of organotin polyamine ethers containing acyclovir and their preliminary anticancer and antiviral activity, J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. Mater., 16, 249-257 (2006) @No $ @ @ Dokorou V., Primikiri A. and Kovala-Demertzi D., The triphenyltin(IV) complexes of NSAIDs and derivatives. Synthesis, crystal structure and antiproliferative activity. Potent anticancer agents, J. Inorg. Biochem., 105, 195-201 (2011) @No $ @ @ El-Gamel N.E.A., The interactions of metal ions with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (oxicams), J. Coord. Chem., 62, 2239-2260 (2009) @No $ @ @ Kovala-Demertzi D., Dokorou V., Primikiri A., Vargas R., Silvestru C., Russo U. and Demertzis M.A., Organotin meclofenamic complexes: synthesis, crystal structures and antiproliferative activity of the first complexes of meclofenamic acid-novel anti-tuberculosis agents, J. Inorg. Biochem., 103, 738-744 (2009) @No $ @ @ Dhir K., Kaur H., Puri J.K. and Mittu B., Synthesis, characterization and biological activity of diorgano and triorganotin(IV) complexes of Chlordiazepoxide, Choline theophyllinate and Phenobarbitone sodium, J. Organomet. Chem., 755, 101-109 (2014) @No $ @ @ Naseh M., Sedaghat T., Tarassoli A. and Shakerzadeh E., DFT studies of ONO Schiff bases, their anions and diorganotin(IV) complexes: Tautomerism, NBO and AIM analysis, Comput. Theor. Chem., 1005, 53-57 (2013) @No $ @ @ Latrous L., Tortajada J., Haldys V., Léon E., Correia C. and Salpin J.-Y., Gas-phase interactions of organotin compounds with glycine, J. Mass Spectrom., 48, 795-806 (2013) @No $ @ @ Sirikci G., Ancn N., zta S.G., Yeniehirli G. and zta N.A., Synthesis, spectral, theoretical studies and in vitro antimicrobial activities of novel diphenyltin(IV) complexes of Schiff bases derived from phenacylamine, Appl. Organometal. Chem., 28, 537-544 (2014) @No $ @ @ Matczak P., Theoretical investigation of the NSn coordination in (MeSnCN), Struct. Chem. (2014)(doi: 10.1007/s11224-014-0485-4) @No $ @ @ Frisch M.J., Trucks G.W., Schlegel H.B., Scuseria G.E., Robb M.A., Cheeseman J.R., Scalmani G., Barone V., Mennucci B., Petersson G.A., Nakatsuji H., Caricato M., Li X., Hratchian H.P., Izmaylov A.F., Bloino J., Zheng G., Sonnenberg J.L., Hada M., Ehara M., Toyota K., Fukuda R., Hasegawa J., Ishida M., Nakajima T., Honda Y., Kitao O., Nakai H., Vreven T., Montgomery, J.A.Jr., Peralta J.E., Ogliaro F., Bearpark M., Heyd J.J., Brothers E., Kudin K.N., Staroverov V.N., Keith T., Kobayashi R., Normand J., Raghavachari K., Rendell A., Burant J.C., Iyengar S.S., Tomasi J., Cossi M., Rega N., Millam J.M., Klene M., Knox J.E., Cross J.B., Bakken V., Adamo C., Jaramillo J., Gomperts R., Stratmann R.E., Yazyev O., Austin A.J., Cammi R., Pomelli C., Ochterski J.W., Martin R.L., Morokuma K., Zakrzewski V.G., Voth G.A., Salvador P., Dannenberg J.J., Dapprich S., Daniels A.D., Farkas O., Foresman J.B., Ortiz J.V., Cioslowski J. and Fox D.J., Gaussian09, Revision B.01, Gaussian, Inc., Wallingford CT (2010) @No $ @ @ Becke A.D., Density functional thermochemistry.III. The role of exact exchange, J. Chem. Phys., 98, 5648-5652 (1993) @No $ @ @ Lee C., Yang W. and Parr R.G., Development of the Colle-Salvetti correlation-energy formula into a functional of the electron density, Phys. Rev. B, 37, 785-789 (1988) @No $ @ @ Hay P.J. and Wadt W.R., Ab initio effective core potentials for molecular calculations-potentials for K to Au including the outermost core orbitals, J. Chem. Phys., 82, 299-310 (1985) @No $ @ @ Petersson G.A. and Al-Laham M.A., A complete basis set model chemistry. II. Open-shell systems and the total energies of the first-row atoms, J. Chem. Phys., 94, 6081-6090 (1991) @No $ @ @ Geerlings P., De Proft F. and Langenaeker W., Conceptual Density Functional Theory, Chem. Rev., 103, 1793-1873 (2003) @No $ @ @ Roy R.K. and Saha S., Studies of regioselectivity of large molecular systems using DFT based reactivity descriptors, Annu. Rep. Prog. Chem., Sect. C, 106, 118-162 (2010) @No $ @ @ Glendening E.D., Reed A.E., Carpenter J.E. and Weinhold F., NBO Version 3.1.@No $ @ @ Berger G., Using conceptual density functional theory to rationalize regioselectivity: A case study on the nucleophilic ring-opening of activated aziridines,Comput. Theor. Chem., 1010, 11-18 (2013) @No $ @ @ Nath M., Singh H., Eng G. and Song X., New di- and triorganotin(IV) derivatives of tyrosinylphenylalanine as models for metal-protein interactions: Synthesis and structural characterization. Crystal structure of MeSn(Tyr-Phe).MeOH, J. Organomet. Chem., 693, 2541-2550 (2008) @No $ @ @ Nath M., Singh H., Kumar P., Kumar A., Song X. and Eng G., Organotin(IV) tryptophanylglycinates: potential non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents; crystal structure of dibutyltin(IV)tryptophanylglycinate, Appl. Organometal. Chem., 23, 347-358 (2009) @No <#LINE#>Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Ground Water in and around the Gandhamardan Iron Ore Mining area, Keonjhar District, Odisha, India<#LINE#>K@Pradhan,A.K@Patra,U.C@Sahu,S.H@Panda<#LINE#>62-67<#LINE#>10.ISCA-RJCS-2014-188.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, D.B. College, Turumunga, Keonjhar, Odisha, INDIA @ Department of Zoology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, INDIA @ Department of Zoology, North Orissa University, Baripada, Odisha, INDIA <#LINE#>18/10/2014<#LINE#>8/11/2014<#LINE#>Mining and associated activities have quantitative and qualitative impacts on the water regime in and around the mines. Due to presence of iron ore belt water pollution attracts the attention of all. In the present study the ground waters around the Gandhamardan mining areas have been tested, where the iron ore opencast mines are present. The water quality parameters, viz. pH, Seasonal variation of different parameters have been compared with the standard. From the results mean, standard deviation, correlation coefficient and principal component analysis among parameters have been studied. The results show that ground water collected from different six locations with minimum variation in pH value ranges from 5.4 to 6.6 suggest acidic nature. Other parameters were more or less within the permissible limits of WHO.<#LINE#> @ @ Somasekhar R.K., Studies on quality of water supplied by municipality of Kakinada and ground waters of Kakinada Town, Indian J Environ Protection, 14(3),167-169 (1994) @No $ @ @ Mishra P.C., Fundamentals of Air and water pollution, Ashis publishing House, 115-121 (1996) @No $ @ @ Jain C.K., Ram D. and Bhatia, K., Evaluation of ground water quality in district Hardwar, Indian JEnviron Prot.,16(10), 730-737 (1996) @No $ @ @ Pillai A., Piyush P., Abha V.S., Physicochemical studies of drinking water of Drug Municipality (M.P), Poll.Res., 18(1), 49-5 (1999) @No $ @ @ Manivaskam N., Physicochemical examination of water sewage and industrial effluent (5th edn), Pragati Publications, Karad (2005) @No $ @ @ Trivedy R.K. and Goel P.K., Chemical and biological methods for water pollution studies, Environmental publications, Karad (1986) @No $ @ @ APHA., Standard method for examination of water and waste water (20th edn.), American public Health Association, Washington D.C. (2000) @No $ @ @ Vogel A.I., Text book of quantitative inorganic analysis, Longman Fjarlow, (1978) @No $ @ @ ICMR., Manual of Standards of quality of drinking water, Indian council of Medical Research,(1975) @No $ @ @ WHO., International standard for drinking Water (3rd edn) World Health Organisation, Geneva, (1971) @No $ @ @ Stevens J., Applied Multivariate Statistics for the Social Sciences, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, (1992) @No $ @ @ Karunakaran K.P., Thamilarasu R., Sharmila., Statistical study on Physicochemical characteristics of ground water in and around Namakkal, Tamilnadu, Chem., 6(3), 909-914 (2009) @No <#LINE#>Phytochemical and Pharmacognostic Analysis of Alstonia Scholaris (l) R. BR., A commonly available Medicinal Plant in Assam, India<#LINE#>Parmita@Phukan,S.N.@Phukan<#LINE#>68-71<#LINE#>11.ISCA-RJCS-2014-192.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati, 781014, Assam, INDIA @ Brahmaputra Valley Academy, North Lakhimpur-787001, Assam, INDIA <#LINE#>19/10/2014<#LINE#>11/11/2014<#LINE#>Phytochemical analysis of methanolic extracts of leaf, bark and latex of Alstonia scholaris (L) R.Br. revealed marked variation in overall content of phenolics in leaf, bark and latex extracts. The leaf extract had highest content of overall phenolics followed by bark and latex extracts. In the leaf extract, flavonoids and proanthocyanidins were present in abundance with values observed 89 mgQE/g DW and 92 mgCE/g DW, respectively, whereas the phenolics were only 49 mgGAE/gDW. In the bark extract, level of flavonoids and phenolics were comparatively lower than leaf extract, however proanthocynidins (66 mgCE/g DW) was found significantly higher. Latext extract had lowest content of phenolics (26 mgGAE/g DW), flavonoids (16 mgQE/g DW) and proanthocynidins (21mgCE/g DW). Methanol extracts of A. scholaris leaves, bark and latex extracts exhibited strong antioxidant activities in terms of scavenging DPPH free radicals. Antimicrobial microbial rtesponse have been observed.<#LINE#> @ @ Phytochemical Analysis and Anti Microbial Activity of Mimosa pudica Linn.,Tamilarasi T. and Ananthi T., Res. J. chem. sci.,2(2), 72-74 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mukherjee P.K. and Wahile A., Integrated approaches towards drug development from Ayurveda and other Indian system of medicines, J Ethnopharmacol.,103, 25-35 (2006) @No $ @ @ Antibacterial Potential of Achyranthus aspera Linn Procured from Himachal Pradesh, Punjab and Haryana, India, Sharma Raj Neeta, Bala Jyoti, Singh Anjuvan and Kaur Prabhjot, Res.J.chem.sci.,1(8), 76-79 (2011) @No $ @ @ Nataraj, H.R. and Hiremath S.K., Pharmacognostic and phytochemical analysis of different market samples of Asoka (Saraca indica Linn.), Ancient Science of Life,29(2), 7-11 (2009) @No $ @ @ Liu X., Zhao M., Wang J., Yang B. and Jiang Y., Antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of emblica fruit (Phyllanthus emblica L.) from six regions in China, J. Food Compos. Anal., 21(3), 219–228 (2008) @No $ @ @ Jia Z., Tang M., and Wu J., The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals, Food Chem., 64(4), 555–559 (1999) @No $ @ @ Manikandan S., and Devi R.S., Antioxidant property of alpha-asarone against noise-stress-induced changes in different regions of rat brain, Pharmacol Res., 52(6), 467–7 (2005) @No $ @ @ Arulmozhi S, Mazumder P.M, Narayanan L.S, Thakurdesai P.A., In vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of fractions from Alstonia scholarisLinn.R.Br., Int. J. Pharm. Tech. Res., , 18–25 (2012) @No $ @ @ Enrichment of Flavonoids from the Methanolic Extract of Boerhaavia Diffusa Roots by Partitioning Technique, Mahesh A.R., Ranganath M.K. and Harish Kumar D.R., Res. J. Chem. Sci., 3(1),43-47(2013) @No $ @ @ Kumar A, Kaur R. and Arora S., Free radical scavenging potential of some Indian medicinal plants., J. Med. Plant Res., 4(19), 2034–2042 (2010) @No $ @ @ Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis of some Plant Seeds, Ajayi I.A., Ajibade O. and Oderinde R.A., Res.J.chem.sci., 1(3), 58-62 (2011) @No $ @ @ Kulkarni P.M., and Juvekar A.P., Effect of Alstonia scholaris R.Br. on stress and cognition in mice, Indian J. Exp. Biol., 47(1), 47– 50 (2008) @No $ @ @ Proximate and Phytochemical Analyses of Solanum aethiopicum L. and Solanum macrocarpon L. Fruits Shalom Nwodo Chinedu, Abayomi C. Olasumbo, Okwuchukwu K. Eboji, Opeyemi C. Emiloju, Olajumoke K. Arinola and Damilola I. Dania, Res.J.chem.sci.,1(3),63-71(2011) @No $ @ @ Sim K.S., Nurestri A.M. and Norhanom A.W., Phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Pereskia grandifoliaHaw.(Cactaceae) extracts., Pharmacogn. Mag., 6(23),248–5 (2010) @No $ @ @ Kumar V, Gogoi B.J., Meghvansi M.K., Singh L, Srivastava R.B. and Deka D.C., Determining the antioxidant activity of certain medicinal plants of Sonitpur, (Assam), India using DPPH assay., J. Phytol., 1(1), 49–56 (2009) @No $ @ @ Pankti K., Payal G., Manodeep C. and Jagadish K. A., phytopharmocological review of Alstonia scholaris: A panoramic herbal medicine, Int. J. Res. Ayu. Pharm., 3(3), 367–371 (2012) @No $ @ @ James J, Veettil A.K.T., Pratyush K, Misra CS, Sahadevan L.D.M. and Thankamani V., In vitro antioxidant activity of flowers and fruits of Alstonia scholaris. Int. J. Phytomed., 3(4), 475–479 (2011) @No <#LINE#>Evaluation of Physico-Chemical and Microbial Properties of Ground Water Recharged through water Harvesting System in Gwalior, MP, India<#LINE#>Chandana@Jain,Priti@Singh,Pratima@Jain<#LINE#>72-75<#LINE#>12.ISCA-RJCS-2014-78.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Life Science and Technology, Boston College for Professional Studies, Gwalior, MP, INDIA @ Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, RVSKVV, Gwalior, MP, INDIA @ Department of Chemistry, Govt. KRG College Gwalior, MP, INDIA <#LINE#>22/4/2014<#LINE#>15/7/2014<#LINE#> In present time water shortage throughout the world is a major problem. Rainwater harvesting is one of the solution to the problems of water shortage in arid and semi-arid regions in India. When this water is used for drinking purpose, it is necessary to assess its quality. The purpose of this study was to assess the physico-chemical properties and microbial activity of underground water recharged by water harvesting system in Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh. Underground water samples were collected from different places of Gwalior city and Dabra town in the month of September which was recharged by water harvesting system. The physico-chemical properties such as color, iron pH, total dissolved solid, salinity, electrical conductivity, acidity, alkalinity, chloride, total hardness, calcium and magnesium hardness and microbial activities were studied and analyzed. The results obtained were compared with permissible limits of the drinking water set by Bureau of Indian Standards. It was observed that water samples except sample no. 3 and 4 were within the permissible limit. This shows that water from these sources is safe for drinking purpose.<#LINE#> @ @ Deshpande S.M. and Aher K.R., Evaluation of Groundwater Quality and its Suitability for Drinking and Agriculture use in Parts of Vaijapur, District Aurangabad, MS, India, Res.J.chem.sci.,2(1), 25-31(2012) @No $ @ @ Matini L., Tathy C. and Moutou J.M., Seasonal Groundwater Quality Variation in Brazzaville, Congo, Res.J.Chem.Sci., 2(1), 7-14 (2012) @No $ @ @ Jain Chandana, Mendiratta Ritu, Raja Antony Nitin, Hada Rohit Singh, Studies on Changes in Ground Water Quality Status in Pre-Monsoon and Post-Monsoon Season in Shivpuri District of Madhya Pradesh, India, International journal of Scientific Research, 2(7), 78 (2013) @No $ @ @ ISO 1990a Water Quality C Detection and Enumeration of Coli form Organisms, Thermo tolerant Coli form Organisms and Presumptive Escherichia coli. Part 1: Membrane Filtration Method, International Standard ISO 9308-1, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva http://www.who.int/water_ sanitation_health/ resourcesquality/wqmchap10.pdf (2014) @No $ @ @ Standard methods for examination of waters and wastewaters, 16th Ed., APHA, AWWA and WPCF Inc. Newyork, 1205 (1985) @No $ @ @ Status of Water Supply, Sanitation and Solid Waste Management in Urban Areas, Ministry of Urban Development Government of India, Centre for public health environmental engineering and Organization Research study, 88, (2005) @No $ @ @ Water Quality and General Guide to the Enumeration of Microorganisms by Culture, International StandardISO 1988http://www.iso.org/iso/ iso_catalogue/catalogue_ics/ catalogue_detail_ics.htm?csnumber=15291 (2014) @No $ @ @ Water Quality and Enumeration of Viable Microorganisms. Colony Count by Inoculation in or on a Solid Medium. International Standard ISO1988, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva (1988) @No $ @ @ Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, Drinking-water Control in SmallCommunity Supplies, World Health Organization, Geneva Volume 3, (2014) @No $ @ @ Water Quality and Detection and Enumeration of Coliform Organisms, Thermotolerant Coliform Organisms and Presumptive Escherichia coli, Part 2: Multiple Tube (Most Probable Number) Method, International Standard ISO 9308-2, (2014) @No $ @ @ Jain Chandana, Jain Reena, Raja Antony Nitin, Shailendra, Kothari Nitin, Evaluation of Quality of Water Consumed by the Villager’s of nearby Karera and Narwar Block of Shivpuri District of Madhya Pradesh, India, Indian J. of Applied Research, 4(3),186 (2014) @No $ @ @ BIS - Bureau of Indian Standards Act, (1986) @No $ @ @ Jain Chandana and Mendiratta Ritu,Evaluation and Assessment of Ground Water of Shivpuri Town in Madhya Pradesh, Trends in Biosciences, 6(1), 5-6 (2013) @No $ @ @ Tamrakar Chirika Shova, Evaluation of Physico-chemical Characteristics of Drinking Water Supply in Kathmandu, Nepal, Res.J.Chem.Sci., 4(4), 33-36 (2014) @No $ @ @ Kihampa C. and Wenaty A., Impact of Mining and Farming activities on Water and Sediment Quality of the Mara river basin, Tanzania, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 3(7), 15-24 (2013) @No $ @ @ Prasad R.V., Tripathi D.R. and Kumar Vinod, A Concise Report on the Status of Groundwater of Babhnan Town, Basti, UP, India, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 3(9), 80-82 (2013) @No @Review Paper <#LINE#>Use of Polyethylene Tube Biodigester for fish production and Processing - A Review<#LINE#>J.C.@Nnaji,B.I.@Ugwu<#LINE#>76-79<#LINE#>13.ISCA-RJCS-2014-185.pdf<#LINE#><#LINE#>7/11/2014<#LINE#>16/11/2014<#LINE#>The paper reviews the potential of renewable energy sources specifically, biogas produced in a polyethylene tube biodigester, as an alternative for the supplementation of energy requirements especially in the rural areas. A biodigester is a container which processes the organic material via anaerobic decomposition and produces biogas with methane and carbon dioxide being the major constituents. The chemical composition and properties of biogas, effluents and sludge are discussed and the use of biomass for biogas production is analyzed with reference to the utilization of biodigester effluent for fish farming and biogas for fish smoking. Comparison is made between direct fertilization of fish ponds with animal manure and with biodigester effluent in terms of public health risks. The polyethylene tube biodigester-fish system (PBFS) is recommended for use by fish farmers and fish processors and benefits of the system are outlined.<#LINE#> @ @ Rabah A.B., Baki A.S., Hassan L.G., Musa M.I. and Ibrahim A.D., Production of Biogas using Abattoir Waste at different Retention Time, Sci. World J., 5 (4), 23-26 (2010) @No $ @ @ Uzoma C.C., Nnaji C.E., Ibeto C.N., Okpara C.G., Nwoke O.O., Obi I.O., Unachukwu G.O. and Oparaku O.U., Renewable Energy Penetration in Nigeria: A Study of the South-East Zone, Continental J. Environ. Sci., 5 (1), 1 – 5 (2011) @No $ @ @ Abdullahi I., Musa A.O., Isma’ila A. and Mika’ilu A., Design and Construction of a Biodigester, Europ. J. Sci. Res.,71 (3), 452-460, (2012) @No $ @ @ Faniran A., Solid wastes management, In: A preliminary survey of environmental pollution in Ibadan Region, 186-205 (1982) @No $ @ @ Matthew P., Gas production from animal wastes and its prospects in Nigeria, Nig. J. Solar En., 2(98), 103 (1982) @No $ @ @ Akinbami J.F.K., Ilori M.O., Oyebisi T.O., Akinwuni I.O. and Adeoti O., Biogas energy use in Nigeria: current status, future prospects and policy implications, Renew. Sustain. Energ. Rev.,, 97-112 (2001) @No $ @ @ Mshandete A.M. and Parawira W., Biogas technology research in selected sub-Saharan African countries – A review, Afr. J. Biotech., 8(2), 116-125 (2009) @No $ @ @ Eze J.I. and Uzodinma E.O., Generation of Methane Gas from Poultry Brooding House, Pacific J. Sci. Technol.,10(2), 942-948 (2009) @No $ @ @ Blumenthal U.J., Mara D.D., Peasey A., Ruiz-Palacios G. and Stott R., Guidelines for the microbiological quality of treated wastewater used in agriculture: recommendations for revising WHO guidelines, WHO Bulletin, 78(9), 1104–16 (2000) @No $ @ @ Nnaji J.C., Uzairu A., Gimba C. and Kagbu J.A., Heavy Metal Accumulation in Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus from an Integrated Chicken-fish System, Afr. J. Pure Appl. Chem., 6(7), 86-99 (2012) @No $ @ @ Thy S., 2004. Management and Utilization of Biodigesters in Integrated Farming Systems http:// www.mekarn.org / msc2001-03/theses03/ santhlitrevapr 27.htm. Retrieved 14 May (2013) @No $ @ @ Oyewole O.A., Biogas Production from Chicken Droppings. Sci. World J., 5 (4), 11-14 (2010) @No $ @ @ Lawal A.K., Ajuebor F.N. and Olatunji O., Preliminary Investigations into the Operating Parameters for the Generation of Quality Biogas from Piggery Waste, J. Ind. Res. Technol., 2(1), 1-5 (2008) @No $ @ @ Tabatabaei M., Rahim R.A., Wright A.G., Shirai Y., Abdullah N., Sulaiman A., Sakai K. and Hassan M.A., Importance of the Methanogenic Archaea Populations in Anaerobic Wastewater Treatments,Process Biochem., 45(8), 1214-1225 (2010) @No $ @ @ Sambo A.S., Strategic Development in Renewable Energy in Nigeria. In: International Association for Energy Economics, Third Quarter, 15-19 (2009) @No $ @ @ www.iaee.org/en/publications/newsletterdl.aspx?id=75 Retrieved 20 Feb 2011, (2011) @No $ @ @ Dangoggo S.M., Aliyu M. and Atiku A.T., The effect of seeding with Bacteria on Biogas production, WREC, 1045-1048 (1996) @No $ @ @ Sathianathan M.A., Biogas Achievements and Challenges. Association of Voluntary Agencies for Rural Development, New Delhi, India, 20-32 (1975) @No $ @ @ Barker J.C., Methane Fuel gas from Livestock Waste; A Summary, North Carolina Cooperation Extension ServicePublication No. EBAE, 071-80, 20–27, (2001) @No $ @ @ Eyo A.A., Review and Possibilities of Water Hyacinth (Eich/wrnia crassipes) Utilization for Biogas Production by Rural Communities in Kainji Lake Basin, (2008) http:// aquaticcommons.org / 955/1/ WH_052-064 . pdf Retrieved 20 January, 2013, (2013) @No $ @ @ Arthur W.,Process design of Agricultural digesters, In: O. Henrik (Ed.), Anaerobic digestion: Making energy and solving modern waste problems, Network on Anaerobic digestion of Agro- industrial wastes(AD-NETT- A), Herning Municipal utilities, Denmark, 8-21 (2000) @No $ @ @ Preston T.R. and Rodríguez L., Low-cost biodigester as the epicenter of ecological farming systems, Proceedings of the biodigester workshop,(2002) @No $ @ @ Chau L.E.,Biodigester effluent versus manure from pigs or cattle as fertilizer for production of cassava foliage (Manihot esculenta), Livestock Research for Rural Development10(3), (1998) http://cipav.org.co/lrrd/ lrrd10/3/chau1.htm. Retrieved 15 May 2013, (2013) @No $ @ @ Henrik O.,The use of digested slurry within Agriculture. Network on Anaerobic digestion of Agro- industrial wastes (AD-NETT- A), Herning Municipal utilities, Denmark, 53-65 (2000) @No $ @ @ Preston T.R., Biodigesters in ecological farming systems, LEISA Magazine, 8-12 (March 2005) @No $ @ @ http://www.mekarn.org/probiod/pres.htm Retrieved 15 May 2013, (2013) @No <#LINE#>Metal Complexes of Quinoxaline Derivatives: Review (Part-I)<#LINE#>C.Justin@Dhanaraj,Johnson@Jijo<#LINE#>80-102<#LINE#>14.ISCA-RJCS-2014-03.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, University College of Engineering Nagercoil, Anna University, Tirunelveli Region, Nagercoil TN, INDIA<#LINE#>6/1/2014<#LINE#>22/8/2014<#LINE#>The purpose of the present review is to provide an overview about the synthesis, characterization techniques involved and various physico-chemical properties of quinoxaline derivative metal complexes reported upto 2006 by several researchers. The synthesis of variety of metal complexes such as mono, bi and trimetallic complexes, homo bimetallic complexes, polynuclear, mixed metal and mixed ligand complexes of quinoxaline derivatives were reported by various authors. Several techniques like flash photolysis, photochemical irradiation, pulse radiolysis, hydrothermal synthesis were used in addition to the routine methods employed in the synthesis of metal complexes. The structure of the complexes was arrived mainly based on elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic, spectral and single crystal XRD data. The spectral studies include IR, Far IR, UV, H NMR, 13C NMR, 31P NMR, Mass, ESR, 57Fe Mossbauer, resonance Raman spectra, photo electron spectroscopy, etc. Semi empirical computational calculations, stability constant studies, gravimetric determinations of the metal complexes and thermal studies were also involved. Excited state properties like emission, photochemical properties, excited state life time measurements, luminescent studies were also asertained. Electrochemical studies using Oster young, square wave and cyclic voltammetry, DNA binding (by thermal denaturation, electronic absorption and viscometry method), DNA cleavage, Powder XRD, etc was also done by many authors.<#LINE#> @ @ Black D. 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R., DNA cleavage on photoexposure at the d-d band in ternary copper(II) complexes using red-light laser, Inorg Chem, 45, 11043 (2006) @No <#LINE#>Enzymatic Bioconversion in Non-conventional Media<#LINE#>Sumbita@Gogoi<#LINE#>103-116<#LINE#>15.ISCA-RJCS-2014-180.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, Dergaon Kamal Dowerah College, Dergaon, Golaghat-785614, Assam, INDIA<#LINE#>21/8/2014<#LINE#>13/10/2014<#LINE#>One strategy for optimizing biocatalysis for the production of flavors compounds, oleochemicals and drug intermediates in pharmaceutical industries is to use non-conventional media, such as non-aqueous heterogeneous systems. In this article, we highlight some of the current trends in biocatalysis in systems, focusing on organic solvent systems, reverse micelles and supercritical fluids. This review also summarizes recent applications of ionic liquids (ILs) as ‘green’ solvents in biocatalytic transformations of commercially important compounds, extractions of a variety of substances, including metal ions, organic and bio-molecules, organosulfur from fuels and gases. For more effective separation of products from ILs, they could also be used along with another ‘green’ technology, supercritical fluid extraction. In addition to their environmentally benign characteristics, ILs have other favourable properties such as hydrophobicity, polarity and selectivity over organic solvents.<#LINE#> @ @ Linko Y. Y., Lamsa M., Huhtala A. and Rantanen O., Lipase biocatalysis in the production of esters, J Am Oil Chem Soc, 72, 1293-1299 (1995) @No $ @ @ Turner N. A. and Vulfson E. 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