@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Synthesis and Characterization of Tetraformamido [2-amino-5-(phenyl) thiazole] substituted metal Phthalocyanines<#LINE#>RajeshN.@Tantry,Keshavayya@Jathi,S.M.@Prasanna,@AngadiShoukatAliR.,T.@ChinnagiriKeerthiKumar<#LINE#>1-8<#LINE#>1.ISCA-RJCS-2013-177.pdf<#LINE#>Dept. of Studies and research in Chemistry, Kuvempu University, Janna Sahyadri, Shankaragatta-577451, Shimoga District, Karnataka, INDIA<#LINE#>3/12/2013<#LINE#>31/12/2013<#LINE#>Title compound were synthesised by the simple method by the melt condensation of the tetracarboxy metal phthalocyanine with 2-amino-5-phenyl thiazole. Proposed method is better method for the synthesis of heterocyles substituted soluble metal phthalocyanine. Soluble phthalocyanine obtained in good yield and purity was characterized by various spectral techniques like H NMR, Mass spectra, IR and UV-Visible spectroscopic techniques.<#LINE#> @ @ Fasiulla K.R.  Reddy Venugopala, Keshavayya J., Moinuddin Khan M.H. Anitha and Vittala Rao Synthesis, Structural Investigations and Antifungal Studies on Symmetrically Substituted Metal (II) Octa-1- (3-chlorophenyl) Methanimine Phthalocyanine, Res. J. of Chem. Sci., 1(9), 29-36 (2011) @No $ @ @ Rashidi N.A. and Berad B.N., Synthesis of some Novel 1,3,4-Oxadiazole derivatives, Res. J. of Chem. Sci., 2(ISC-2012), 10-12 (2013) @No $ @ @ Jain N.C., Pilgrimage of Phthalocyanine Macromolecule Phthalocyanine Dyes (Part-II), Res. J. Chem. Sci., 2(1), 1-6 (2012) @No $ @ @ K.R. Venugopala Reddy, J. Keshavayya, B.E. Kumara Swamy, M.N.K. Harish, H.R. Mallikarjuna, B.S. Sherigara, Spectral and electrochemical investigation of octanitrosubstituted metal phthalocyanines, Dyes Pigments., 80, 1-5 (2009) @No $ @ @ G.  Jones,  W.R.  Jackson,  C.  Choi, W.R.  Bergmark,  Solvent  effects  on  emissionyield  and  lifetime  for  coumarin  laser  dyes.  Requirements for a rotatory decay mechanism, J.  Phys.  Chem., 89,  294–300 (1985) @No $ @ @ C. Jiang, W. Yang, J. Peng, S. Xiao, Y. Cao., High-Efficiency, Saturated Red-Phosphorescent Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Conjugated and Non-Conjugated Polymers Doped with an Ir Complex Advanced Mater.,16, 537 (2004) @No $ @ @ S. Tokito, M. Suzuki, F. Sato, M. Kamachi, K. Shirane.,High-efficiency phosphorescent polymer light-emitting devices, Organic Electronics., , 105 (2003) @No $ @ @ C. Risko, E. Zojer, P. Brocorens, S.R. Marder, J.L. Bredas.,Bis-aryl substituted dioxaborines as electron-transport materials: a comparative density functional theory investigation with oxadiazoles and siloles, Chem. Phys., 313, 151 (2005) @No $ @ @ Tantry Rajesh N., JathiKeshavayya, Harish M.N.K., AngadiShoukat Ali R, and ChinnagiriKeerthi Kumar T.; Synthesis, Spectral and Thermal degradation Kinetics studies of Benzimidazole substituted Metal phthalocyanine through oxadiazole Bridge (M=Co,Ni,Cu);  Res. J. Chem. Sci.,3(11) 36-46 (2013) @No $ @ @ K.F. Ansari, C. Lal, Synthesis, physicochemical properties and antimicrobial activity of some new benzimidazole derivatives, Eur. J. Med. Chem., 44, 4028-4033 (2009) @No $ @ @ Fasiulla,  M.H. Moinuddin Khan, M.N.K. Harish,  J. Keshavayya, K.R. Venugopala Reddy, Synthesis, spectral, magnetic and antifungal studies on symmetrically substituted metal(II)octaiminophthalocyanine pigments, Dyes Pigments, 76(2), 557-563 (2008) @No $ @ @ K.R. Venugopala Reddy, J. Keshavayya, J. Seetharamappa, Synthesis, spectral, magnetic and thermal studies on symmetrically substituted metal (II) 1,3,8,10,15,17,22,24-octachlorophthalocyanines, Dyes Pigments, 59(3), 237-244 (2003) @No $ @ @ Fasiulla, Venugopala Reddy K. R, Moinuddin Khan. M. H, Keshavayya.J, Synthesis, Spectral, Magnetic Susceptibility and Antifungal Studies On Symmetrically Substituted Metal (II) Octafurylmethanimine Phthalocyanine, Der. Pharma. Chemica.,3(2), 392-403 (2011) @No $ @ @ Fasiulla K.R., Reddy Venugopala, Keshavayya J., Moinuddin Khan M.H. Anitha and Vittala Rao, Synthesis, Structural Investigations and AntifungalStudies on Symmetrically Substituted Metal (II) Octa-1- (3-chlorophenyl) Methanimine Phthalocyanine, Res. J. of Chem. Sci., 1(9), 29-36 (2011) @No $ @ @ Rashidi N.A. and Berad B.N., Synthesis of some Novel 1,3,4-Oxadiazole derivatives, Res. J. of Chem. Sci., 2(ISC-2012), 10-12 (2013) @No $ @ @ Shoukat Ali R.A., Keshavayya J., Harish M.N.K., Rajesha T. and Prashantha A.G., Synthesis and characterization of 2, 9, 16, 23 - tetra anilidonickel (II) phthalocyanines, Int.J. ChemTech Res, 3(3), 1146-1151 (2011) @No
<#LINE#>Assessment of Heavy Metal Distribution in Groundwater in and around Gulf of Mannar Seashore Area Using GIS Technique<#LINE#>Balakrishnan@A,Ramu@A,A.@Murugesan<#LINE#>9-16<#LINE#>2.ISCA-RJCS-2013-179.pdf<#LINE#>Dept of Chemistry, Mohamed Sathak AJ College of Engineering, Siruseri, Chennai-603103, INDIA @ School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai – 625 021, INDIA @ Dept of Chemistry, Sriram Engineering College, Veppampattu RS, Chennai-602024, INDIA<#LINE#>4/12/2013<#LINE#>23/12/2013<#LINE#> The present study was carried out to analyze the heavy metal level of 25 bore and duck wells located at the different localities in and around Gulf of Manner seashore area during the period of pre monsoon, monsoon and post monsoon seasons. Arsenic (As), Manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Mercury (Hg) and Lead (Pb) concentrations in groundwater were analyzed by Atomic absorption spectrometer. The results were compared with drinking water standard prescribed by WHO, BIS, ICMR and FAO. This study shows that most of samples has high concentration of heavy metals (exceeds maximum permissible limit). A slight increment in concentration of individual metals is produced in summer season than in winter season.  This study shows that all samples contains high concentrations of Hg, Pb and Mn above the maximum permissible limits as prescribed by WHO, BIS, ICMR and FAO. The spatial distributions of heavy metal in ground water were taken to Geological Information System (GIS). In Arc GIS, spatial distribution maps were prepared for the above analyzed heavy metals.<#LINE#> @ @ Muthulakshmi L., Ramu A., Kannan N., Physico – Chemical characteristics of Groundwater in and around Sivakasi region, Indian J.Environ.Prot., 29(5), 435–438 (2009) @No $ @ @ Deshpande S.M. and Aher K.R., Evaluation of groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking and agriculture use in parts of Vaijapur District, Aurangabad, MS, India, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 2(1), 25–31 (2012) @No $ @ @ Annapoorani A., Murugesan A., Ramu A., Renganathan G., Groundwater Quality Assesment in Part of Chennai City, Tamilnadu, India – Case study, Indian Jr. of  Sci, 1(1), 47-50 ( 2012) @No $ @ @ Karavoltsos S., Sakellari A., Mihopoulos N., Dassenakis M. and Scoullos M.J., Evaluation of Quality of Groundwater in regions of Greece, Desalination, 224(1-3), 371-329(2008) @No $ @ @ Vaishnav M.M. and Dewangan S., Assessment of water Quality status in Reference to statistical parameters in different aquifers of Balco Industrial area, Korba, C.G, India, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences,  1(9), 67–72 (2011) @No $ @ @ Ruthann Rude, Tracey M., Slayton, Barbara D., Bech, Implications of Arsenic Genotoxicity for Dose response of Carcinogenic Effects, Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology, 23(2), 87–105 (1996) @No $ @ @ Openshow, S.A., Environment and planning, 23, 5, 621-628 (1991) @No $ @ @ Rao J.V. Kavitha, P. Srikanth, K.Usman, P.K and RavT.G, The use of marine sponge, Haliclona tenuiramosa as bioindicator to monitor heavy metal pollution in the coasts of Gulf of Mannar, India, Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry, 89(3), 487 – 498 (2007) @No $ @ @ Sulochanan B., Krishnakumar P.K., Prema D., Kaladharan, Trace metal contamination of the marine environment in Palk Bay and Gulf of Mannar, Journal of Marine Biological Association of India 49(1), 12 – 18 (2007) @No $ @ @ Vanmathi G. and Gobalakrishnan S., Heavy metals in Tuticorin coast, Indian J.Environ.Prot, 20(6), 447-451 (1999) @No $ @ @ Prasad B. and Bose J.M, Evaluation of the heavy metal pollution index for surface and spring water near a limestone mining area of the lower Himalayas, Environ.Geol., 41, 183 – 188 (2001) @No $ @ @ APHA, ‘Metals by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry’, Clesceri, L.S., Greenberg,A.E., Eaton,A.D.(Eds.), Standard methods for the Examination of water and waste water, 20th edn. American Public (2), 283 (1998) @No $ @ @ Eruola A.O, Ufoegbune G.C, Eruola A.O, Awomeso J.A and Abhulimen S.A., Assessment of Cadmium, Lead and Iron in Hand Dug wells of Ilaro and Aiyetoro, Ogun State, South – Western Nigeria, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 1(9), 1- 5 (2011) @No $ @ @ Muthulakshmi L, Ramu A, Kannan N, Seasonal distribution of some heavy metal concentrations in groundwater of Virudhunagar District, Tamilnadu, South India, Electr.J. Environ.Agric.Food.Chem, 11(2), 32–37 (2012) @No $ @ @ Hasan Heather M. anganese, the Rosen publishing Group. 31 (2008) @No $ @ @ WHO, World health Organization, Guidelines for drinking water, Health criteria and other supporting information, Geneva, 2 (1984) @No $ @ @ Nordberg G, Nogawak, Nordberg M, Friberg L, Hand book on toxicology of metals, Nordberg G, Fowler B, Nordberg M, Friberg L, editors NewYork, Acadamic Press, , 65 – 78 (2007) @No $ @ @ Charles O, Abernathy, Yung – Pin – Liu, David Longfellow, Arsenic: Health effects, Mechanisms of Action, and Research Issues, Environ. Health Protection, 107(7), 593 – 597(1999) @No $ @ @ Madsen,H., Poultsen L., and Grandjean.,P., Risk of high copper content in drinking water., Ugeskr.Laegar.152 (25) (1990) @No $ @ @ Jennings, G.D.,Sneed, R.E., Clair M.B, St.(1996) @No $ @ @ North Carolina cooperative Extension Service Publication no: AG – 473 -1. Electronic version 3/(1996) @No $ @ @ 1.Khurshid S., Zaheeruddin and Shabeer M.U, Degradation of Water Quality due to Heavy Metal Pollution in Faridabad District, Hariyana, Poll.Res, 16(1), 41 (1997) @No
<#LINE#>Reduction in Trypsin Inhibitor Activity in Jatropha cake by Chemical, Thermal and Radiation Treatment<#LINE#>R.@Gogoi,U.K.@Niyogi,A.K.@Tyagi<#LINE#>17-19<#LINE#>3.ISCA-RJCS-2013-180.pdf<#LINE#>Shriram Institute for Industrial Research, 19 University Road, Delhi – 7, INDIA<#LINE#>6/12/2013<#LINE#>19/12/2013<#LINE#>The trypsin inhibitor present in jatropha cake is one of the major antinutrients, which prohibits its use as animal feed. In this study, attempts were made to remove trypsin inhibitor using chemical, thermal and radiation treatment methods. The observations revealed that thermal treatment is the most effective technique for complete removal of trypsin inhibitor, whereas chemical treatment is able to reduce it to 26%. The radiation treatment shows no effect on reducing trypsin inhibitors in jatropha cake.  <#LINE#> @ @ Pradhan S., Sahoo N.K., Naik S.N. and Sahoo P.K., Estimation of toxic phorbol ester in jatropha curcas oil, cake and biodiesel,Asian Journal of Chemistry, 22(5), 4069-4074 (2010) @No $ @ @ Donlaporn S. and Worapot S., Toxic compound, anti nutritional factors and functional properties of protein isolated from detoxified jatropha curcas seed cake,  Int. J. Mol. Sci, 12, 66-77( 2011) @No $ @ @ Martizez- Herrera J., Siddhuraju P., Francis G., Davila-Ortiz G. and Becker K.,  Chemical composition, toxic antimetabolite constituents and effects of different treatmemts on their levels, in four / provenances of jatropha curcas L. from Mexico, Food Chemistry 96 , 80-89 (2006) @No $ @ @ Igwenyi I.O., Ezeifedika O.M., Agbafor K.N., Offor C.E., Ibiam U.A. and Aja P.M., Anti-nutritional factors in Afzelia afrcana and Citrullus colocynthis and Effects of the Seeds on Liver Enzyme Activities of Albino Rats, Indian Journal of Science and Technology,6(7), 5008-5012 July (2013) @No $ @ @ Azzaz Nabil A.E., El-Nisr Neveen A., Elsharkawy Eman E. and Elmotleb Eman A., Chemical and pathological evaluation of jatropha curcas seed meal toxicity with or without heat and chemical treatment, Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(12), 49-59 (2011) @No $ @ @ Azza A. Abou –Arab. and Ferial M. Abu-Salem., Nutritional quality of jatropha curcas seeds and effect of some physical and chemical treatments on their antinutritional factor, African Journal of Food Science,4(3),  93-103, March  (2010) @No $ @ @ Makkar Harinder P.S. and Becker K., Jatropha curcas, a promising crop for the generation of biodiesel and value added coproducts, Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol, 111, 773-787 (2009) @No $ @ @ Udomsap P., Duangmance T. and Chollacoop N., Investigation of phorbol ester content in high quality biodiesel production process, Utility Exhibition on Power and Energy Systems: Issues & Prospects for Asia (ICUE), 2011 International Conference and, 28-30 Sept, 1-4 (2011) @No $ @ @ Makkar Harinder P.S., Siddhuraju P. and Becker K., Methods in Molecular Biology TM 393. Plant Secondary Metabolites, Editor. John M. Walker, Human Press, 1-6  (2007) @No
<#LINE#>Natural Bond Orbital Analysis of the Bonding in Complexes of Li with Ammonia<#LINE#>Diendere@Francoise,Issaka@Guiguemde,Bary@Abdouraman<#LINE#>20-25<#LINE#>4.ISCA-RJCS-2013-186.pdf<#LINE#> Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, de Radiochimie et d’Electrochimie (LACARE), UFR/SEA 03 BP 7021 Université de Ouagadougou, BURKINA FASO<#LINE#>8/12/2013<#LINE#>19/12/2013<#LINE#> The gas phase interactions of lithium with ammonia are studied by the DFT/B3LYP method. The calculated dissociation energies to Li and NH3 of theoptimized tetrahedral complexes Li(NH and Li(NH+ are 57.7 and 127.4 kcal.mol-1 with the 6-31G(d,p) basis set and show that they are stable compounds. Addition of diffuse functions on Li leads to 65.9 kcal.mol-1 for Li(NH . Natural Bond Orbital analysis of the bonding of Li and Li with the ligands has been done by computing the second order perturbation energy. One finds that the interactions that stabilize these complexes involve delocalization of charge from the lone pairs of the NH molecules into Rydberg orbitals of the metal. Then for Li(NH, a backwards donation of charge from the singly occupied orbital of Li to the Rydberg orbitals of N and H and to the N-H is observed  The results also show Wiberg bond indices of 0.135 and 0.177 for the Li-N bonds in Li(NH and Li(NH+ respectivelywhich suggest  that they are not covalent. These systems may be described as strong van der Waals complexes of Lewis acid-Lewis base type.   <#LINE#> @ @ Dye J.L., DeBacker M.G., Physical and chemical properties of alkalides and electrides, Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem. 38(1), 271-299 (1987) @No $ @ @ Dye J.L., Electrons as anions, Science, 301(5633), 607-608 (2003) @No $ @ @ Dye J.L., Electrides: early examples of quantum confinement, Acc. Chem. Res, 42(10), 1564-1572 (2009) @No $ @ @ Dye J. L., Electrides and alkalides - Comparison with metal solutions, J. Phys. IV, Colloque C5, Supplément au J. Phys.,1(1), 239-282 (1991) @No $ @ @ Solutions Métal-Ammoniac: Propriétés Physico-chimiques Eds.: G. Lepoutre, M. J. Sienko), Colloque Weyl I, Lille, FRANCE, (1963); Benjamin, New York, (1964) @No $ @ @ Catterall R., Metal-Ammonia Solutions, Colloque Weyl II, Ithaca New York, (1969); Butterworths, London, p. 105-13, (1970) @No $ @ @ Jolly W. L., Metal-Ammonia Solutions, Benchmark Papers in Inorganic Chemistry, Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross, Stroudsburg, PA, (1972) @No $ @ @ Metals in Solution, Colloque Weyl VII, Colloque C5, Aussois, FRANCE; Supplément au J. Phys. IV, 1(12) (1991) @No $ @ @ Takasu R., Hashimoto K., Fuke K., Study of microscopic solvation process of Li atom in ammonia clusters: photoionization and photoelectron spectroscopies of M(NH (M = Li, Li, Na), Chem. Phys. Lett., 258(1), 94-100 (1996) @No $ @ @ Takasu R., Misaizu F., Hashimoto K., Fuke K., Microscopic solvation process of alkali atoms in finite clusters: photoelectron and photoionization studies of M(NH and M(HO) (M = Li, LiJ. Phys. Chem. A, 101(17), 3078-3087 (1997) @No $ @ @ Salter T. E., Ellis A. M., Microsolvation of lithium in ammonia: dissociation energies and spectroscopic parameters of small Li(NH clusters (n=1 and 2) and their cationsChem. Phys. 332(1 ), 132-138 (2007) @No $ @ @ Marshi M., Sprik M., Klein M. L., Solvation and ionization of alkali metals in liquid ammonia: a path integral Monte Carlo studyJ. Phys. Condens. Matter, 2(26), 5833-5849 (1990) @No $ @ @ Kaplan T. A., Harrison J. F., Dye J. L., Rensock R., Relation of Li(NH to electridesPhys. Rev. Lett., 75(5), 978-979 (1995) @No $ @ @ Zurek E., Edwards P. P., Hoffmann R., A molecular perspective on lithium-ammonia, Angew.. Chem., Int. Ed., 48(44), 8198-8232 (2009) @No $ @ @ Mammano N., Sienko M. J., Low temperature X-ray study of the compound tetraaminelithium (0),  J. Am. Chem. Soc., 90(23), 6322-6324 (1968) @No $ @ @ Young V. G., Glaunsinger W. S., Von Dreele R. B., Crystal structure of the expanded-metal compound tetraamine-d3-lithium, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 111(26), 9260-9261 (1989) @No $ @ @ Zurek E., Xiao-Dong W., Hoffmann R., The electronics of an expanded metal, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 3535-3547 (2011) @No $ @ @ Diendere F., Guigemde I., Bary A., On the interactions of sodium with ammonia, Res. J. Chem. Sci.,3(10), 73-80 (2013) @No $ @ @ Lee C., Yang W., Parr R.G., Development of the ColleSalvetti correlation-energy formula into a functional of the electron density, Phys. Rev. B., 37( 2), 785-789 (1988) @No $ @ @ 0.Reed A.E., Curtiss L.A., Weinhold F., Intermolecular interactions from a Natural Bond Orbital, Donor-Acceptor viewpoint, Chem. Rev., 88(6), 899-926 (1988) @No $ @ @.Frisch M.J. et al., Gaussian 03, Revision E.01, Gaussian, Inc. Wallingford, CT, (2004) @No $ @ @ Mierzwicki K., Latajka Z., Nonadditivity of interaction in Li(NHn and Li(NH(n= 1-4) clustersChem. Phys., 265(3), 301-311 (2001) @No $ @ @ O’Reilly D. E., Knight shifts and relaxation times of alkali metal and nitrogen nuclei in metal-ammonia solutions, J. Chem. Phys., 41(12), 3729-3735 (1964) @No
<#LINE#>Assessment of Physico-Chemical characteristics of the Soil of Nagchoon Pond Khandwa, MP, India<#LINE#>Saroj@Mahajan,Dilip@Billore<#LINE#>26-30<#LINE#>5.ISCA-RJCS-2013-190.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Botany, G.M.L.B. P.G. College, Indore, MP, INDIA @ Department of Botany, Govt. College, Mundi, MP, INDIA<#LINE#>9/12/2013<#LINE#>12/1/2014<#LINE#> Soil is an important natural resource on the earth.  The soils of pond play a key role in regulating the concentration of nutrient in the pond water and aquatic flora and fauna of an aquatic ecosystem.  The present paper deal with the study of  physicochemical parameters like pH, specific conductivity, chloride, total alkalinity calcium, magnesium nitrate, sulphate, phosphate sodium and potassium from  July 2008 to June 2009 .  During the study year fluctuation were observed in various parameters.  Investigation results showed that the soli alkaline throughout the study year. The productivity of an ecosystem depends upon the quality of soil. Some parameters were above permissible limit and some below permissible limit which affect the quality and productivity of pond soil.  <#LINE#> @ @ Coskun M.E., Steinnes M. Viladimirovna, Frontasyeva, T.E. Sjobakk. and S. Demkina. Heavy metal   pollution of surface soil in the thrace region, Turkey, Environmental monitoring and assessment,119, 545-556 (2006) @No $ @ @ Sharma S., Ecological studies on the herb layers of hills at Udaipur (South Rajasthan), Ph.D. Thesis University of Udaipur (1976) @No $ @ @ American Public Health Association. (APHA), Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water, 20" Ed; Washington (1998) @No $ @ @ Trevedi P.K. and Goel P.K. Chemical and biological method for water pollution studies (1986) @No $ @ @ Richards L.N., Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkaline soil, USDA Agricultural, Handbook 60 (1954) @No $ @ @ Adoni A.D. and Chourasia, Eutrophication and production studies of some lentic ecosystems around Sagar (M.P.), Ann. Rept. MAB proj: 100-108 (1975) @No $ @ @ Saha,G.N. Sehgal, K.L. Mitra, E. and Nandy, A.C. Studies on the seasonal and diurnal variations in physico- chemical and biological condition of a perennial fresh water pond, Journal of Inland Fisheries Society of India, (3), 79-102 (1971) @No $ @ @ Rao N.G. and Burve V.S., Cultural Eutrophication of the lake Ranasager  Udiapur Rajasthan, India, J.Environ. Biol.,10(2), 127-134 (1989) @No $ @ @ Dave V., Limnological studies of  Kishanpura lake with special reference to population dynamics, Ph,D. Thesis. D.A.V.V. University, Indore (2008) @No $ @ @ Shaikh R., Studies of moist bank community structure and production of Bilawali Talab, Indore, Ph.D. Thesis, D.A.V.V. Indore (1996) @No $ @ @ Kumar Nikhil, Soil quality standard (SQS) for bioreclaimation of coal overburden dumps: ISO14000 Requirements Jr. of Industrial pollution control, 23(1), 19-23 2007@No $ @ @ Hutchinson G.E., A Treatise on Limnology Vol. Igraphy, Physics and Chemistry John, Willey and sons, Inc. New York, 1015 (1957) @No $ @ @ Shrivastava A., Studies on the macrophytic vegetation of Pipalyapala talab, Indore, Ph.D. Thesis, D.A.V.V. Indore (1996) @No $ @ @ Mendhe K., Studies of hydro chemical characters and phytoplankton population of Bilawali Talab Indore, Ph.D. Thesis D.A.V.V. Indore (M.P.) (1997) @No $ @ @ Pandit P. Ansari A. and Kanhare R.R., Hydrochemistry of ground water in Barwani town (M.P.)An area of South western zone of Narmada river basin; At pre impoundment  of Sardar  Sarovar Dam, Proceedings of ICCE, 511-513 (2005) @No $ @ @ Choubey A., Studies on physico- chemical and biological parameters of Gandhi sagar reservoir, Ph.D. Thesis, Vikram University, Ujjain 224 (1991) @No 
<#LINE#>Seasonal Variations in Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Rudrasagar Wetland - A Ramsar Site, Tripura, North East, India<#LINE#>Abir@Shib<#LINE#>31-40<#LINE#>6.ISCA-RJCS-2013-191.pdf<#LINE#> Bioinformatics Centre, Tripura University (A Central University), Suryamaninagar–799 022 Tripura, INDIA <#LINE#>10/12/2013<#LINE#>3/1/2014<#LINE#> The Present work deals with the study of water quality of Rudrasagar Wetland (Ramsar site no. 1572), Tripura with regards to various  physico chemical parameters like water temperature, pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), free carbon dioxide (FCO), total alkalinity (TA), electrical conductivity, total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), chloride(Cl), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), phosphate (PO3-) and nitrate(NO). The physico chemical characteristic of Rudrasagar Wetland is found to be highly fluctuated with seasonal variations during the present investigation. High value of dissolved oxygen obtained during winter months and shows inverse relation with water temperature .EC, TDS, Chloride, COD have had maximum concentrations in summer. The correlation coefficient showedpositive and negative relationships among the parameters. The study revealed that the water quality is rich in TDS, Phosphate and Nitrate content which indicates that of Rudrasagar wetland is moderately eutrophicated.    <#LINE#> @ @ Smitha Ajay D. and Shivashankar P., Physico Chemical Analysis of the Freshwater at River Kapila, Nanjangudu Industrial Area, Mysore, India, J. Env. Sc., 2(8), 59-65 (2013) @No $ @ @ Gopalkrushna M.H., Assessment of Physico-Chemical Status of Ground Water Samples in Akot city, Res. J. Chem. Sci.,1(4), 117-124 (2011) @No $ @ @ Offem B.O., Ayotunde E.O., Ikpi G.U., Ochang S.N. and Ada F.B., Influence of seasons on water quality, abundance of fish and plankton species of Ikwori lake, South-Eastern Nigeria, Fisheries and Aquaculture,201, FAJ-13 (2011) @No $ @ @ Vaishnav M.M. and Dewangan S., Assessment of Water Quality Status in Reference to Statistical Parameters in Different Aquifers of Balco Industrial Area, Korba, C.G. India, Res.J.Chem.Sci., 1(9), 67-72 (2011) @No $ @ @ Iwuoha G.N. and Osuji L.C.,  Changes in Surface Water Physico-Chemical Parameters following the Dredging of Otamiri and Nworie Rivers, Imo State of Nigeria,  Res.J.Chem.Sci., 2(3), 7-11 (2012) @No $ @ @ Matini L., Tathy C. and Moutou J.M., Seasonal Groundwater Quality Variation in Brazzaville, Congo, Res. J. Chem. Sci.,2(1), 7-14 (2012) @No $ @ @ Devi M.B., Das T. and Gupta S., Limnological Studies of Temple Ponds in Cachar District, Assam, North  East India, I Res. J. Environ. Sci.,2(10), 49-57 (2013) @No $ @ @ Tamrakar C.S. and Raj S.P., Physico-chemical Assessment of Deep Groundwater Quality of Various Sites of Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal, Res. J. Chem. Sci.,3(8), 78-82 (2013) @No $ @ @ National Wetland Atlas, Wetlands of International Importance under Ramsar Convention Sponsored by Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India. Published by Space Applications Centre, ISRO, Ahmedabad, India (2013) @No $ @ @ APHA, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 19th edition. American Water Works Association, Washington, DC (1998) @No $ @ @ Trivedi R.K. and Goel P.K. Chemical and biological methods for water pollution studies,  Envirtl.l Pub., Kard, India, -215, (1984) @No $ @ @ Ruttner F., Fundamental of Limnology, Univ. of Toronto Press, Toronto, 242 (1953) @No $ @ @ Wetzel R.G., Variations in productivity of Goose and hypereutrophic Sylvan Lakes, Indiana, Invest, Indiana Lakes and Streams, VII, 147-184 (1966) @No $ @ @ Kannan V. and Job S.V., Diurnal depth-wise and seasonal changes of physico-chemical factors in Sathiar reservoir, Hydrobiologia, 70(1-2), 103-117 (1979) @No $ @ @ Chaturbhuj M., Sisodia R., Kulshreshtha Manoj and Bhatia A.L., A Case Study of The Jamwa Ramgarh Wetland With Special Reference To Physico-Chemical Properties of Water And Its Environs, J. Env.  Hydr.,12(24),(2004) @No $ @ @ Mishra R.R., Rath B., Thatoi H., Water Quality Assessment of Aquaculture Ponds Located in Bhitarkanika Mangrove Ecosystem, Orissa, India, Turkish J. of Fish and Aqua. Sci.,8, 71-77 (2008) @No $ @ @ Arya S., Kumar V., Raikwar M., Dhaka A. and Minakshi,  Physico-chemical Analysis of Selected Surface Water Samples  of Laxmi Tal (Pond) in Jhansi City, UP, Bundelkhand Region, Central India Jou. of Exptl.l Sci.,2(8), 01-06 (2011) @No $ @ @ Schroeder G.L., Fish farming in marine loaded ponds, ICLARM- SEARCA conference in integrated agriculture and aquaculture farming systems, ICLARM proceedings, , 73-86 (1980) @No $ @ @ Adebisi A.A., The physicochemical hydrology of a tropical seasonal river upper Ogun river, Hydrobiologia, 79, 157-165 (1981) @No $ @ @  Tara J.S., Kour R. and Sharma S., Studies on the occurrence and seasonal abundance of aquatic coleopteran in relation to some physicochemical parameters of water of Gharana wetland Wetland reserve Jammu (J and K), The Bioscan., 6(2), 257-261 (2011) @No $ @ @ Edmondson W.T., Reproductive rate of planktonic rotifers as related to food and temperature in nature, Ecological Monitoring, 35, 61-111 (1965) @No $ @ @ Hazelwood D.H. and Parker R.A., Population dynamics of some freshwater zooplankton, J.Ecology, 42, 266-274 (1961) @No $ @ @ Manawar M., Limnological studies on freshwater ponds of Hyderabad, India, Hydrobiologia, 31, 108-128 (1970) @No $ @ @ Parikh Ankita N. and Mankodi P.C., Limnology of Sama Pond, Vadodara City, Gujarat, Res. J.  Recent Sci., 1(1),16-21 (2012) @No $ @ @ Pathak N.B. and Mankodi P.C., Hydrological status of Danteshwar pond, Vadodara, Gujarat, India, I Res. J. Environ. Sci.,2(1), 43-48 (2013) @No $ @ @ Jain C.K. and Seethapati P.V., Limnological studies of Kay Amkula lake, Indian J. Env.. Prot., 16, 561-568 (1996) @No $ @ @ Qadri, M.Y. and Shah, G.M. ,Hydrobiological features of Hokarsara typical wetland of Kashmir-1 Biotome, Inidan J. Ecol., 11(2), 203-206 (1984) @No $ @ @ Wetzel R.G., Limnology, Second Edition, edited by Wetzel L.G., Michigan State University, CRS College Publishing Philadelphia, New York, Chicago, 784 (1983) @No $ @ @ Dhembare A.J., Statistical approaches for computing diversity and density of zooplankton with water factors in Mula Dam, Rahuri, MS, India, Eur.J. Exptl. Bio.,1(2), 68-76 (2011) @No $ @ @ Narayana J., Purushothama R., Kiran B.R., Ravindrakumar K.P. and Puttah E.T., Investigation of drinking water quality of Basavanahole Tank with reference to physical chemical characteristics, Fundamental of limnology, 201-206 (2005) @No $ @ @ Kedar, G.T., Patil, G.P. and Yeole, S.M., Rotifer biodiversity of Yedshi lake, Maharashtra, J. Aqua. Biol., 22(1), 8-12 (2007) @No $ @ @ Rao S.N., Chaubey R. and Srinivasan K.V., Ganga waters quality in Bihar, Indian J. Environ. Hlth, 32, 393-484 (1990) @No $ @ @ Jacklin Jemi R. and G.S. Regini Balasingh,   Studies On Physico-Chemical Characteristics Of Freshwater Temple Ponds In Kanyakumari District (South Tamilnadu), Int.l J.f Geo., Earth and  Env. Sci., 1(1), 59-62 (2011) @No $ @ @ Jana B.B., Seasonal periodicity of plankton in fresh water ponds, West Bengal, India, Journal of International Rev. Ges. Hydrobiology, 58, 127-143 (1973) @No $ @ @ Ndimele P.E., The effect of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes [Mart.] Solm.) Infestation on the physico-chemistry, nutrient and heavy metal content of Badagry Creek and Ologe Lagoon, Lagos, Nigeria, J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 5, 128-136 (2012) @No $ @ @ Pal S., Evaluation of physico-chemical properties of a pesticide contaminated aquaculture pond, J. Inland Fish. Soc. Inida, 40(1), 50-53 (2008) @No $ @ @ Paul D.K. and Mukherjee P., A preliminary study of physicochemical characteristics of a perennial fish pond, J. Haematol and toxicol., 4(1), 474-482 (2006) @No $ @ @ Rajashekhar A.V., A. Lingaiah, Satyanarayana Rao  and Ravi Shankar Piska, The studies on water quality parameters of a minor reservoir, Nadergul,  Rangareddy district Andhra Pradesh, J. Aqua. Biol., 22(1), 118-122 (2007) @No
<#LINE#>Synergistic effect of Thiomalic acid and Zinc ions in Corrosion control of Carbon Steel in Aqueous Solution<#LINE#>Prabakaran@M,Ramesh@S,V@Periasamy<#LINE#>41-49<#LINE#>7.ISCA-RJCS-2013-192.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute, Deemed University, Gandhigram-624302, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, INDIA<#LINE#>12/12/2013<#LINE#>2/1/2014<#LINE#> The synergistic effect has been studied in the presence of a dicarboxylic acid inhibitor with or without bivalent cation like zinc ions. A protective film has been formed on the carbon steel surface in aqueous solution using a synergistic combination of an environmentally friendly dicarboxylic acid (thiomailc acid) and zinc ions. The corrosion inhibition effect of thiomalic acid with zinc ions on carbon steel has been carried out by gravimetric studies and electrochemical techniques. Potentiodynamic polarization studies reveal that the inhibitor system is of  a mixed type. Impedance studies point out that a protective film is formed on the carbon steel surface in the presence of the inhibitor formulation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate the nature of protective film formed on the carbon steel surface and for explaining the mechanistic aspects of the inhibition process. <#LINE#> @ @ Kumar S., Sharma D., Yadav P. and Yadav M., Experimental and quantum chemical studies on corrosion inhibition effect of synthesized organic compounds on N80 steel in hydrochloric acid, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 52 (39), 14019–14029 (2013) @No $ @ @ Gerengi H., Anticorrosive Properties of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Fruit Juice on 7075 Type Aluminum Alloy in 3.5% NaCl Solution, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 51, 1283512843 (2012) @No $ @ @ Quraishi M.A., Ansari F.A. and Jamal D., Thiourea derivatives as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in formic acid, Mater. Chem. Phys., 77 (3), 687-690 (2002) @No $ @ @ Deng S. Li X. and Fu H., Two pyrazine derivatives as inhibitors of the cold rolled steel corrosion in hydrochloric acid solution, Corros. Sci.,53, 822-828 (2011) @No $ @ @ Labriti B. Dkhireche N. Touir R. Ebn Touhami M. Sfaira M. El Hallaoui A.,  Hammouti B. and Alami A., Arab. J. Sci. Eng.,37, 1293-1303 (2012) @No $ @ @ Yoo S.H. Kim Y.W. Chung K. Kim N.K. and Kim J. S., Corrosion inhibition properties of triazine derivatives containing carboxylic acid and amine groups in 1.0 M HCl solution, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 52 (32), 10880–10889 (2013) @No $ @ @ Ghareba S. and Omanovic S., 12-Aminododecanoic acid as a corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel, Electrochim. Acta.,56, 3890–3898 (2011) @No $ @ @ Rammelt U. Koehler S. and Reinhard G., Electrochemical characterisation of the ability of dicarboxylic acid salts to the corrosion inhibition of mild steel in aqueous solutions, Corros. Sci., 53, 3515-3520 (2011) @No $ @ @ Demadis K.D., Mantzaridis C. and Lykoudis P., Effects of structural differences on metallic corrosion inhibition by metal-polyphosphonate thin film. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 45, 7795-7800 (2006) @No $ @ @ Florence G.R.H. Antony A.N. Sahayaraj J.W. Amalraj A.J. and Rajendran S., Corrosion inhibition of carbon steel by adipic acid-Zn2+ system, Ind. J. Chem. Technol., 12, 472-476 (2005) @No $ @ @ Manivannan M. and Rajendran S., Corrosion Inhibition of Carbon steel by Succinic acid –Zn2+ system, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(8), 42-48 (2011) @No $ @ @ Sayed El. and Sherit M., Effects of 5-(3-aminophenyl)-tetrazole on the inhibition of unalloyed iron corrosion in aerated 3.5% sodium chloride solutions as a corrosion inhibitor, Mater. Chem. Phys., 129, 961-967 (2011) @No $ @ @ Juttner K., Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of corrosion processes on inhomogeneous surfaces, Elecrochim. Acta.,35, 1501-1508 (1990) @No $ @ @ Benali O. Benmehdi H. Hasnaoui O., Selles C. and Salghi R., Green corrosion inhibitor: inhibitive action of tannin extract of Chamaerops humilis plant for the corrosion of mild steel in 0.5 M HSO, J. Mater. Environ. Sci., 4 (1), 127-138  (2013) @No $ @ @ Macdonald J.R. and Johnson W.B., Impedance Spectroscopy, John Wiley and Sons, New York, (1987) @No $ @ @ Li G.Y. Ma H.Y., Jiao Y.L. and Chen S.H., An impedance investigation of corrosion protection of copper by self-assembled monolayers of alkanethiols in aqueous solution, J. Serb. Chem Soc., 69, 791-805 (2004) @No $ @ @ Macdonald J.R., Impedance spectroscopy and its use in analyzing the steady-state AC response of solid and liquid electrolytes, J. Electroanal. Chem., 223, 25-50 (1987) @No $ @ @ Khaled K.F. and Hackerman N., Ortho-substituted anilines to inhibit copper corrosion in aerated 0.5 M hydrochloric acid, Electrochim. Acta., 49, 485-495 (2004) @No $ @ @ Alagta A. Felhosi I. Telegdi J. Bertoti I. and Kalman E., Effect of metal ions on corrosion inhibition of pimeloyl-1,5-di-hydroxamic acid for steel in neutral solution, Corros. Sci.,  49, 2754-2766 (2007) @No $ @ @ Ebenso E.E. Kabanda M.M. Murulana L.C. Singh A.K. and Shukla S.K., Electrochemical and quantum chemical investigation of some azine and thiazine dyes as potential corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 51, 12940–12958 (2012) @No $ @ @ Sekine I. and Hirakawa Y., Effect of 1-Hydroxyethylidene-1, 1-Diphosphonic Acid on the Corrosion of SS 41 Steel in 0.3% Sodium Chloride Solution, Corrosion., 42, 272-277 (1986) @No $ @ @ Nakayama N., Inhibitory effects of nitrilotris (methylenephosphonic acid) on cathodic reactions of steels in saturated Ca(OH) solutions, Corros. Sci., 42, 1897-1920 (2000) @No $ @ @ Prabakaran M., Venkatesh M., Ramesh S. and Periasamy V., Corrosion inhibition behavior of propyl phosphonic acid–Zn2+ system for carbon steel in aqueous solution, Appl. Surf. Sci., 276, 592-603 (2013) @No $ @ @ Brightson Arul Jacob Y. Sayee Kannan R. and Jeyasundari J., Synergistic effect of triisopropanolamine in aqueous solution by sodium St–Zn2+ System, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 3(4), 54-58 (2013) @No $ @ @ Sachin H.P., Praveen B.M. and Abd Hamid S.B., Corrosion inhibition of zinc by a new inhibitor in hydrochloric acid medium, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 3(11), 82-89 (2013) @No $ @ @ Mary Anbarasi C. and Rajendran S., Surface protection of carbon steel by butanesulphonic acid–zinc ion system, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 2(12), 21-26 (2012) @No 
<#LINE#>Removal of Fluorideusing Citrus Limettain batch Reactor: Kinetics and Equilibrium Studies<#LINE#>Shubha@Dwivedi,Mondal@Prasenjit,Chandrajit@Balomajumder@<#LINE#>50-58<#LINE#>8.ISCA-RJCS-2013-196.pdf<#LINE#>Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun, INDIA  @ Department of Biotechnology, S.D. College of Engineering and Technology, Muzaffarnagar-251001, UP, INDIA @ Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, INDIA<#LINE#>16/12/2013<#LINE#>11/1/2014<#LINE#> The present work deals with the removal of fluoride from synthetic water using mosambi (Citrus Limetta) peel powder in a batch reactor. The effects of time and initial concentration of fluoride on the % removal have been studied.  Kinetics parameters and equilibrium constants have been computed from various kinetic and equilibrium models. Adsorption of fluoride on to Citrus Limetta obeyed the pseudo second order rate equation. The equilibrium data were found to fit well with Freundlich isotherm for adsorbent. <#LINE#> @ @ Bell M.C. and Ludwig T.G., The supply of fluoride to man: ingestion from water, Fluorides and Human Health,World Health Organization, Geneva, WHO Monograph Series 59 (1970) @No $ @ @ Singh R. and Maheshwari R.C., Defluoridation of drinking water–a review, Ind. J. Environ. Protec., 21(11), 983–991 (2001) @No $ @ @ Murray J.J., A history of water fluoridation, Br. Dent. J., (13), 4250–254 (1973) @No $ @ @ Meenakshi and Maheshwari R.C., Fluoride in drinking water and its removal, J. Haz.  Mater., (137) 456-463 (2006) @No $ @ @ Tor A. Danaoglu N., Arslan G., Cengeloglu Y., Removal of fluoride from water by using granular red mud: batch and column studies, J. Hazard. Mater., (164), 271–278 (2009) @No $ @ @ Popat K.M., Anand P.S. and Dasare B.D., Selective removal of fluoride ions from water by the aluminium form of the aminomethylphosphonic acid-type ion exchanger, React. Polym., (23), 23–32 (1994) @No $ @ @ Meenakshi S. and Viswanathan N., Identification of selective ion-exchange resin for fluoride sorption, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 308) 438–450 (2007) @No $ @ @ Haron M.J., Yunus W.M., Removal of fluoride ion from aqueous solution by a cerium–poly(hydroxamic acid), J. Environ. Sci. Health A, (36), 727–734 (2001) @No $ @ @ Sundaram C.S., Viswanathan N. and Meenakshi S., Defluoridation chemistry of synthetic hydroxyapatite at nano scale: equilibrium and kinetic studies, J. Haz. Mater., 155) 206–215 (2008) @No $ @ @ Sundaram C.S., Viswanathan N. and Meenakshi S., Uptake of fluoride by nanohydroxyapatite/ chitosan, a bioinorganic composite, Bioresour. Technol. (99), 8226–8230 (2008) @No $ @ @ Chubar N.I., Samanidou V.F., Kouts V.S., Gallios G.G., Kanibolotsky V.A., Strelko V.V., Zhuravlev I.Z., Adsorption of fluoride, chloride, bromide, and bromated ions on a novel ion exchanger, J. Colloid Interface Sci.,29167–74 (2005) @No $ @ @ Kabay N., Arar O., Samatya S., Yuksel U., Yuksel M., Separation of fluoride from aqueous solution by electrodialysis: effect of process parameters and other ionic species, J. Haz. Mater., (153) 107–113 (2008) @No $ @ @ Sujana M.G., Thakur R.S., Das S.N. and Rao S.B., Defluorination of wastewaters, Asian J. Chem., (4), 561–570 (1997) @No $ @ @ Hichour M., Persin F., Sandeaux J., Gavach C., Fluoride removal from waters by Donnan dialysis, Sep. Purif. Technol., 18), 1–11 (2000) @No $ @ @ Sourirajan S. and Matsurra T., Studies on reverse osmosis for water pollution control, Water Res., (), 1073–1086(1972) @No $ @ @ Simons R., Trace element removal from ash dam waters by nanofiltration and diffusion dialysis, Desalination, 89) 325–341 (1993) @No $ @ @ Guo L., Hunt B.J., Santsci P.H., Ultrafiltration behavior of major ions (Na, Ca, Mg, F, Cl, and SO4) in natural waters, Water Res., 35(6), 1500–1508 (2001) @No $ @ @ Mondal Naba Kr, BhaumikRia, Banerjee A., Datta J.K., Baur T.A., comparative  study on the batch performance of fluoride adsorption by activated silica gel and activated rice husk ash, International J. of Env.Sci., 2(3), 1643-1660 2012)@No $ @ @ Jamode A.V., Sapkal V.S. and Jamode V.S., Defluoridation of water using inexpensive adsorbents, J. Indian Inst. Sci., (84) 163–171 (2004) @No $ @ @ Sivasankar V., Ramachandramoorthy T. and Chandramohan A., Fluoride removal from water using activated and MnO2-coated Tamarind Fruit (Tamarindusindica) shell: Batch and column studies, J. Haz. Mater. 177 719–729 (2010) @No $ @ @ Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook Phosphate fertilizer plant, World Bank Group (1998) @No $ @ @ QIUHui, LVLu, PANBing-cai, Zhang Qing-jian, ZhangWei-ming, ZhangQuan-xing, Critical review in adsorption kinetic models, Qiu et al. / J Zhejiang UnivSci A, 10(5), 716-724 (2009) @No $ @ @ Lagergren S., About the theory of so called adsorption of soluble substances, K. Sven. Veterskapasad. Handl 24(4), 1-39 (1898) @No $ @ @ Ho Y.S. and McKay G., Pseudo-second order model for sorption processes, Process Biochemistry, 34, 451 (1999) @No $ @ @ Weber T.M. and Chakravorthi R.K., Pore and solid diffusion models for fixed bed  adsorbers, J. Am. Inst. Chem. Eng., 20) 228–238 (1974) @No $ @ @ Ho Y.S. and McCay G., Sorption of dye from aqueous solution by peat, Chem. Eng. J., 70), 115–127 (1998) @No $ @ @ Weber W.J. Jr., Morris J.C., Kinetics of adsorption on carbon from solution,  J.  San.  Engg  Div.  Proceedings:  American Society of Civil Engineers, (89), 31-59 (1963) @No $ @ @ American Public Health Association (APHA), Standard Methods for the Examination   of Water and Wastewater, 21st ed., American Public Health Association (APHA), 1015 Fifteenth Street, NW,Washington DC, (2005) @No $ @ @ Tembhurkar A.R., Dongre S.R., Comparative studies on fluoride removal using natural adsorbents vizAzadirachtaIndica (neem) and FicusReligiosa (Pipal), IE(I) Journal-EN, (90)18-23 (2009) @No $ @ @ Mondal P., Majumder C.B. and Mohanty B., Effects of adsorbent dose, its particle size and initial arsenic concentration on the removal of arsenic, iron and manganese from simulated ground water by Fe3+ impregnated activated carbon, J. Haz. Mater., (150) 695–702 (2008) @No
<#LINE#>Environmental Geochemistry of Surface sediments around the mangrove Forests of the Manakudy estuary, Southwest coast of India<#LINE#>Sheela@M.S,Kumar@SugirthaP<#LINE#>59-65<#LINE#>9.ISCA-RJCS-2013-198.pdf<#LINE#><#LINE#>16/12/2013<#LINE#>2/1/2013<#LINE#> The mangrove ecosystems are highly productive intertidal forests distributed along the tropical coast and they stabilize the coastal zone from erosion and act as a buffer zone between land and sea.A study was carried out to investigate the distribution and monthly variation of textural characteristics and organic matter in surface sediments around the mangrove forests  of the Manakudy estuary, which is in the southwest coast of India. Organic matter varied from 2.4% to 11.9%. Organic matter was high in Station 7 in all months because it was inside the mangrove forest. Calcium carbonate varied from 4.2-18%. It was high in station1 and station6. Sulphur was significantly negative correlation with organic carbon at 0.05 level. Manakudy mangrove sediments, sand is the major fraction and it is  coarsely skewed and planty to extremly leptokurtic in nature. <#LINE#> @ @ Alongi D.M., Ramanathan A.L., Kannan L., Tirendi F., Trott L.A., Prasad M.B.K., Influence of human induced disturbances on benthic microbial metabolism in the Pichavaram mangroves, Vellar- Coleroon estuarine complex, India. Marine Biology,147, 1033-1044 (2005) @No $ @ @ Prasad M.B.K., Nutrient dynamics in the Pichavaram mangroves, south east coast of India, Ph.D thesis, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India, 172(2005) @No $ @ @ Morell J.M. and Corredor J.E., Sediment nitrogen trapping in a mangrove lagoon, Estuarine, Coastal Shelf Science, 37, 203-212 (1993) @No $ @ @ Agoramoorthy G. and Hsu M.J., Borneo’s proboscis monkeys e a study of its diet of mineral and phytochemical concentrations, Curr.Sci., 89, 454-457 (2005) @No $ @ @ Kumar G. and Ramanathan A.L., Microbial Diversity in the surface sediments and its interaction with nutrients of mangroves of Gulf of Kachchh, Gujarat, India, Int. Res. J.Environ. Sci., 2(1), 25-30 (2013) @No $ @ @ Murthy P.S.N. and Reddy C.V.G., Sedimentological studies off Vashista- Vainateyan-Godavari delta sediments, central east coast of India, Bull. Natn.Inst. Sci., India, 38, 405-410 (1968) @No $ @ @ Sankaranarayanan V.N. and Panam punnayil S., Studies on organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in sediments of Cochin backwater, Indian J. Mar. Sci., 8, 27-30 (1979) @No $ @ @ d Shimo M., Characteristics of surface sediments along a crVeerayya M., Textural characteristics of Calangute beach sediments, Indian J. mar. Sci., , 28-44 (1972) @No $ @ @ Kinjo Kitou M. aneek in a Mangrove Forest, Soil Science & Plant Nutrition, 51 (6) 809-817 (2005) @No $ @ @ Nasnolkar C.M., Shriodhar P.V. and S.Y.S. Singbal, Studies on Organic carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus in the sediments of Mandovi estuary, Goa, Indian J. Mar.Sci.,25, 120-124 (1996) @No $ @ @ Lin S., Huang K.M, Chensk,  Organic carbon deposition and its control on iron sulfide formation of the southern East China Sea continental shelf sediments, Cont Shelf Res, 20, 619-635 (2000) @No $ @ @ Goldhaber M.B. and Kalpan I.R., The sulfur cycle, in Goldberg, E.D., ed., The sea, V-5: New York, Wiley- Inter science, 569-636 (1974) @No $ @ @ Brewer P.G., Dyressen D., Chemical oceanography of the Persian Gulf, prog. Oceanogr., 14, 41-55 (1985) @No $ @ @ Gee G.W. and Bauder J.W.,  Particle – size Analysis, In A. klute, (Ed.),  Methods of soil Analysis part 1, Physical and Mineralogical Methods Madison: SSSA, ASA. 383-404 (1986) @No $ @ @ Visher G.S., Grain size distribution and depositional process, Jour. Pet.,39, 1074-1106 (1969) @No $ @ @ Ingram A.L., Procedures in sedimentary petrology, Wiley, New York, USA 49-67 (1970) @No $ @ @ Krumbein W.C and Pettijohn F.J., Manual of sedimentary Petrography Appleton- Century- Crofts, New York 25,  521-537 (1938) @No $ @ @ Gaudette H.E., Flight W.R., Toner L. and Folger D.W., An inexpensive titration method for the determination of organic carbon in recent sediments, J.sed.Petrol., 4, 249-253 (1974) @No $ @ @ Loring D.H. and R.T.T. Rantala, Manuel for the geo-chemical analyses of marine sediments and suspended particulate matter, Earth Sci. Rev.,32, 235-283 (1992) @No $ @ @ Frigge Michael, Hoaglin David C., Iglewicz, Boris, Some Implementations of the Boxplot, The American Statistician, 43(1), 50-54 (1989) @No $ @ @ Kumar S.P. and Edward P.J.K., Sediment characteristics of Manakudy estuary, southwest coast of India, J.Ecotoxicol.Environ. Monit.,20(2), 181-192 (2010) @No $ @ @ Reghunath R. and Sreedhara Murthy T.R., Carbonate and Organic matter studies of the shelf sediments off  Kasargod, west coast of India, Indian J.Marine Sci., 25, 355-357 (1996) @No $ @ @ Jennerjahn T.C. and Ittekkot V., Relevance of mangroves for the production and deposition of organic matter along tropical continental margins, Naturwissenschaften, 89, 23-30 (2002) @No $ @ @ Boto K.G., Nutrient and organic fluxes in mangroves, In: Clough, B.F. (Ed), Mangrove ecosystems in Australia, ANU Press, Canberra, 239-257 (1982) @No $ @ @ Griggs G., An investigation of bottom sediments in a polluted marine environment upper Saromkos Gulf, Greece, Report of the environmental pollution control project, Athens, Greece, 1-30 (1975) @No $ @ @ Davies O.A. and Abowei J.F.N., Sediment quality of lower reaches of Okpoka Creek, Niger Delta, Nigeria, European Journal of Scientific Research,26(3), 437-442 (2009) @No $ @ @ Friedman G.M., Sanders J.E (Eds), Principles of sedimentology. John Wiley and Sons, Canada, 792(1978) @No 
<#LINE#>Differential Studies of Alkali Catalysed Production of Biodiesel from Sorghum Oil<#LINE#>Ved@Kumar,Padam@Kant<#LINE#>66-70<#LINE#>10.ISCA-RJCS-2013-201.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Chemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007, INDIA<#LINE#>19/12/2013<#LINE#>4/1/2014<#LINE#>Conventional energy sources that is petroleum fuel reserve are depleting day by day which has led the world to think about non-conventional fuels and other major concerning issue is about eco-friendly environment and it pull the search for ecofriendly renewable fuel. Biodiesel is non-toxic, biodegradable and contributes a minimal amount of net greenhouse gases. A study was conducted to produce biodiesel from sorghum oil by transesterification process. The volumetric ratio, catalyst type NaOH, KOH and concentration are some important parameters that affect the quality and yielding of biodiesel that also fulfil the ASTM D6751 standard. For yielding highest percentage (92.9) of biodiesel, the ideal condition were 5:1 molar ratio of sorghum oil to ethanol, 1.0% NaOH catalyst, reaction time 90 minutes, temperature 60°C and 300 rpm stirring speed. While using 1.0% of NaOH and KOH as catalyst, higher amount of biodiesel was yielded in NaOH as comparing to KOH catalyst and biodiesel yielding were maximum in 1.0% NaOH catalyst as compared to 0.5% and 1.5% NaOH catalyst. At different parameters a minor difference in viscosity, acid value, and saponification value was observed. The detailed study has revealed that efficient biodiesel can be produced from sorghum oil under optimized conditions and appropriates catalyst concentration. <#LINE#> @ @ Pienkos P.T. and Darzins A., The promise and challenges of microalgal-derived biofuel, Biofuel Bioprod. Bior.,3(4), 431-400 (2009) @No $ @ @ Chist Y., Biodiesel from microalgae beats bioethanol, Trends Biotechnology,26(3), 126-131 (2008) @No $ @ @ Mata T.M., Martins A. and Caetano N.S., Microalgae for biodiesel production and other applications: A review, Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev., 14(1), 217-232 (2010) @No $ @ @ Ramadhas A.S., Jayaraj S. and Muraleedharan C., Use of vegetable oils as IC engine fuel- A review, Renewable Energy, 29, 727-742 (2004) @No $ @ @ Okoro L.N., Belaboh S.V., Edoye N.R. and Makama B.Y., Synthesis Calorimetric and Viscometric Study of groundnut oil Biodiesel and Blend, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 1(3), 49-57 (2011) @No $ @ @ Noureddin H., Harkey D. and Medikonduru V.A., Continuous process for the conversion of vegetable oil into methyl esters of fatty acid, Journal of the AOCS, 75, 1775-1783 (1998) @No $ @ @ Encinar J.M., Gonales J.F., Rodriguez J.J. and Tejedor A., Biodiesel fuels from vegetables oils: Transesterification of Cynara cardunculus L. oils with ethanol, Energy and Fuel, 19, 443-450 (2002) @No $ @ @ Francis G., Edinger R., and Becker K., A concept for simultaneous wasteland reclamation, fuel production, and socio-economic development in degraded areas in India: Need, potential and perspectives of Jatrophaplantations, Nat. Resource Forum,29, 12-24 (2005) @No $ @ @ Schwab A.W., Dykstra G.J., Selke E., Sorenson S.C., and Pryde E.H., Diesel fuel from thermal decomposition of soybean oil, J. Am. Oil Chem.Soc.,65, 1781-1786 (1988) @No $ @ @ Belafi Bako K., Kovacs F., Gubicza L., and Hancsok  J.,  Enzymatic biodiesel production from sunflower oil by Candida antarcticalipase in a solvent-free system, Biocatal. Biotransform,20, 437-439 (2002) @No $ @ @ Abigor R.D., Uadia P.O., Foglia T.A., Hass M.J., Jones K.C., Okpefa E., Obibuzor J.U. and Bafor M.E.,  Lipase-catalyzed production of biodiesel fuel from some Nigerian lauric oils, Biochem. Soc. Trans., 28, 979-981 (2000) @No $ @ @ Srivastava A., and Prasad R., Triglycerides-based diesel fuels, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, , 111-133 (2000) @No $ @ @ Samukawa T., Kaieda M., Matsumoto T., Ban K., Kondo A., Shimada Y., Noda H., and Fukuda H., Pretreatment of immobilized Candida Antarctica lipase for biodiesel fuel production from plant oil,  J. Biosci Bioeng.,  90, 180-183 (2000) @No $ @ @ www.chempro.in/Fatty acid.htm (2013) @No $ @ @ Bouaid A., Martinez M., and Jose A., Production of biodiesel from bioethanol and Brassica carinata oil: Oxidation stability study, Bioresource Technology, 100(7), 2234-2239 (2009) @No $ @ @ Demirbas A., Biodiesel from waste cooking oil via base-catalytic and supercritical methanol transesterification, Energy Conversion and Management, 50, 923-927 (2009) @No
<#LINE#>Polarographic Investigation on Taxim-of in presence of Cobalt (II)<#LINE#>Rao@B.Srinivasa,Kishore@T.R.,V.Suryanarayana@Rao<#LINE#>71-74<#LINE#>11.ISCA-RJCS-2013-210.pdf<#LINE#><#LINE#>25/12/2013<#LINE#>12/1/2014<#LINE#> A new, simple, accurate, polarographic method have been developed for the analysis of Taxim-of and Cobalt(II) in pharmaceutical dosage forms. It is possible to determine the cobalt(II) and Taxim-of in the range of 5.0 x 10-7M to 5.0 x 10M and 0.74 to 7.4 µg/25ml. Well defined peaks at potentials -0.9V Vs SCE for Taxim-of and 1.0V Vs SCE for CO (ll) were obtained respectively. <#LINE#> @ @ Rose J., Advanced Physico – Chemical Experiments. Pitman, London, 50 (1964) @No $ @ @ Rodrigues L.N.C., Zanoni M.B.V., Fogg A.G., Indirect Polarographic and cathodic–Stipping volumetric determination, 21(3), 490-505 (1999) @No $ @ @ United States Pharmacopoeia 24 / National Formulary 19, US Pharmacopoeial convention Rockville (2000) @No $ @ @ Tolstoi L.G., Medcape Pharmacotherapy, 4(1), (2002) @No $ @ @ Sandell E.B., Colorimetric determination of trans of metals, Inter science, New York, 367 (1950) @No $ @ @ Swarna Rani K., Suryanarayana Rao V., Varadacharyulu NCh. Determination of Cephalosporines in presence of Tungsten (VI) with the help of Polarographic Catalytic Waves, Indian J Pharm Sci.,80, 73-74 (1998) @No $ @ @ Suryanarayana Rao V. and Brahmaji Rao S., A polarographic method for the simultaneous determination of cobalt and nickel from acid solutions, Fresenius J Anal Chem., 294, 414-415 (1979) @No $ @ @ Rama Devi B. and Suryanarayana Rao V., Determination of thiambutosine by DC polarography, J Electrochemical Soc India Sci., 41, 237-240 (1992) @No $ @ @ Rama Devi B. and Suryanarayana Rao V., Polagraphic determination of carbimazole in pharmaceutical dosage forms, Indan J Pharm Sci., 56, 40-41 (1994) @No $ @ @ Rama Devi B., Swarna Rani K. and Surayanarayana Rao V., Polarographic determination of cephalosporins in pure form and in pharmaceutical preparations, Indian J Pharm Sci.,56, 64-66 (1994) @No 
<#LINE#>Characterization and Pesticidal Studies of Dibutyltin (IV) Derivatives of diphenylamine-2-hydroxy-2'-carboxylic acid<#LINE#>ManojKumar@Pachouri,Pankaj@Mittal<#LINE#>75-77<#LINE#>12.ISCA-RJCS-2013-211.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Applied Sciences (Chemistry), Hindustan Institute of Technology and Management, Keetham, Agra, 282 007, INDIA<#LINE#>26/12/2013<#LINE#>13/1/2014<#LINE#> Organotin (IV) compounds of diphenylamine derivatives have synthesized by the reaction of dibutyltin diisopropoxide with diphenylamine-2-hydroxy-2’-carboxylic acid in 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1 molar ratios. These compounds have been characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectral analyses, H NMR spectral analyses and molar conductance measurements. The products are screened for pesticidal activities against the pest ‘Red Flour Beetle’ (Tribolium castaneum). The compounds exhibited enhanced pesticidal effects as compared to the ligand. <#LINE#> @ @ Arakawa Y., Main Group Metal Chem., 12, 1 (1989) @No $ @ @ Saxena A.K., Appl. Organometal. Chem., , 39 (1987) @No $ @ @ Dey K. and Mukhopadhyay S., J. Indian Chem. Soc., 78, 73 (2001) @No $ @ @ Gupta P.R., Mishra R.C. and Dogra G.S., Indian J. Agric. Sci., 51, 514 (1981) @No $ @ @ Studies on monobutyltin (IV) derivatives of 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, Mittal P., Pachouri M.K. and Sharma R.C., Asian J. of Chemistry, 18(1), 737 (2006) @No $ @ @ Pesticidal behavior of monobutyltin (IV) derivatives of salicylic acid against Red Flour Beetle, Mittal P., Pachouri M.K. and Sharma R.C., J. Ind. Council Chem.,23(2), 23 (2006) @No $ @ @ Characterization and pesticidal studies of some new Dibutyltin (IV) derivatives of 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, Mittal Pankaj and Pachouri Manoj Kumar, Res. J. chem. Sci., 2(4), 61-63 (2012) @No $ @ @ Synthetic, characterization and pesticidal studies of Dibutyltin (IV) derivatives of salicylic acid, Mittal Pankaj, Pachouri Manoj Kumar and Singh Narendra Pal, Res. J. chem. Sci., 3(3), 79-81 (2013) @No $ @ @ Gaur D.P., Srivastava G. and Mehrotra R.C., J. Organometal. Chem., 63, 221 (1973) @No $ @ @ Vogel A.I., Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, Longmans, London, (1975) @No $ @ @ Kettle S.F.A., Coordination Compounds, Thomas Nelson and Sons, 168 (1975) @No $ @ @ Bellamy L.J., The Infra-red Spectra of Complex Molecules, Methuen, London, (1962) @No $ @ @ Nakanishi K. and Soloman P.H., Infra-red Absorption Spectroscopy 2nd Ed., Holden-Day, London, (1962) @No $ @ @ Silverstein R.M., Bassler G.C. and Morrill T.C., Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds, John Wiley, New York, (1981) @No $ @ @ Brown M.P., Okawara R. and Rochow E.G., Spectrochim. Acta, 16, 595 (1960) @No $ @ @ Pardhy S.A., Gopinathan S. and Gopinathan C., Synth. React. Inorg. Met. Org. Chem., 13, 305 (1983) @No $ @ @ Peruzzo V., Plazzogna G. and Tagliavini G., Organometal. Chem., 24, 347 (1970) @No $ @ @ Srivastava, T.N. and Singh, J.D., Indian J. Chem., 24A, 489 (1985) @No $ @ @ Asahi Research Centre Co. Ltd. Tokyo, Hand Book of Proton NMR Spectra and Data, Vol. 2nd & 4th, Academic Press, Japan, (1985) @No $ @ @ U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Report of DDT Advisory Committee(1975) @No 
<#LINE#>Preparation and studies of TMI ion doped Na-Borophosphate Glasses<#LINE#>UmakantB.@Chanshetti,PravinS.@Bhale<#LINE#>78-83<#LINE#>13.ISCA-RJCS-2013-212.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Chemistry, Arts, Science and Commerce College, Naldurg, Tq-Tuljapur, Dist.- Osmanabad-413 602, MS INDIA<#LINE#>26/12/2013<#LINE#>2/1/2014<#LINE#> Sodium borophosphate glasses doped with transition metal Cu ion glasses having compositions of 20NaO – 20ZnO – 25B – (35-X) P – X CuO (X= 1-6) were prepared using conventional melt quench method. Density, Transmission spectra, FT-IR spectra, conductivity and chemical durability characteristics were measured as a function of copper content for different glass samples. The initial decrease in the density is due to addition of CuO.  Further addition of CuO i.e. 6% leads to the increase in density. Optical band gap for different glass samples as measured from transmission characteristics were found to be in the range 2.5-3.5 eV. IR spectroscopy have been employed to investigate the 20NaO – 20ZnO – 25B– (35-X) P – X CuO glasses in order to obtain information about the role of Cu ion and ZnO in the formation of glass network. Electrical studies have been carried out to understand the effect of transition metal ion. The conductivity measured in the range of 238K to 423K obeys Arrhenius law. The observed conductance () increases with increase in TMI content. The dissolution rate for Cu ion doped NZBP glasses was seen. It results that introduction of Cu and Zn ions increase the chemical durability. <#LINE#> @ @ Brow R.K., Review: The Structure of Simple Phosphate Glasses, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 263/264 1-28 (2000) @No $ @ @ Mastelaro V.R. and Zanotto E.D., Residual Stresses in Partially Crystallized Glasses,Glast. Ber. Glass Sci. Technol.,67, 143-148 (1995) @No $ @ @ Schemelzer J.W.P.,  Zanotto E.D., Avramov I. and Fokin V.M., Stress development and relaxation during crystal growth in glass-forming liquid, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 352,434 (2006) @No $ @ @ Siqueira R.L. and Zanotto E.D., Facile route to obtain a highly bioactive SiO-CaO-NaO-P5 crystalline powder, Materials Sience and Engineering, 31, 1791-1799 (2011) @No $ @ @Fokin V.M, Zantto E.D., Yuritsyn N.S. and Schemelzer J.W.P, Homogeneous crystal nucleation in silicate glasses: A forty years perspective, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 352, 2681 (2006) @No $ @ @ Pascual M.J., Duran A., Prado M.O. and Zanotto E.D., Model for sintering devitrifying glass matrix with embedded rigid fibersJ. Am. Ceram. Soc.,88, 1427-1434 (2005) @No $ @ @ Marek Nocun, Structural studies of phosphate glasses with high ionic conductivity, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 333, 90 (2004) @No $ @ @ Hoppe U., A structural model for phosphate glasses,J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 195, 138 (1996) @No $ @ @ G. Naga Raju, M. Srinivasa Reddy, K.S.V. Sudhakar, N. Veeraiah, Spectroscopic properties of copper ions in ZnO-ZnF-B glasses Optical Mater, 29, 1467(2007) @No $ @ @ Cabral A.A., Fokin V.M. and Zanotto E.D., Nanocrystallization of fresnoite glass. Part II. Analysis of homogeneous nucleations kinecticsJ. Non-Cryst. Solids, 343, 85-90 (2004) @No $ @ @ Daniela Carta, Jonathan C. Knowles, Paul Guerry, Mark E. Smith, Robert, Sol–gel synthesis and structural characterization of P–B–NaO glasses for biomedical applications, J. New Port, J. Mater Chem., 19, 150-158 (2009) @No $ @ @ Fatma H. El. Batal, Gamma ray interaction with lithium borate glasses containing WO, Indian J. of Pure and Appl. Physics, 47, 471-480 (2009) @No $ @ @ Peitl O., Zanotto E. D.,Hench E. L., Highly bioactive P2O5-Na2O-CaO-SiO2 glass-ceramicsJ. Non-Cryst. Solids, 292: (1-3) 115-126 (2001) @No $ @ @ Souza L.A., Leite M.G.L., Zanotto E.D., Prado M.O., Crystallization statistics. A new tool to evaluate glass homogeneityJ. Non-Cryst. Solids, 351, 3579-3586 (2005) @No $ @ @ El-Desoky M. M., Characterization and transport properties of V–Fe–TeO glasses, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 351, 3139 (2005) @No $ @ @ Al-Hajry A., El-Desoky M. M, Tashtoush N. M., El-Desoky M. M, Characterization and transport properties of semiconducting Fe–Bi–Na glasses, Physica B368, 51–57 (2005) @No $ @ @ Yin Cheng, Hanning Xiao, Wenming Guo, Structure and crystallization kinetics of Bi–B3 glasses, Thermochim, Acta, 444, 173, (2006) @No 
<#LINE#>Comparative studies on Proton conducting nature of Copper selective tin Zirconium phosphate Cation exchanger with its single Salts counter parts<#LINE#>VinishaValsaraj@Puthiyandi,Janardanan@Chathoth<#LINE#>84-90<#LINE#>14.ISCA-RJCS-2013-215.pdf<#LINE#>Research and Post Graduate Department of Chemistry, Sree Narayana College, Kannur, Kerala-670 007, INDIA<#LINE#>28/12/2013<#LINE#>7/1/2014<#LINE#>Tetravalent metal acid salts based cation exchanger; tin zirconium phosphate was synthesized by sol-gel process. The ion exchange capacity, chemical stability, effect of temperature and pH titration studies were carried out to understand the ion exchange capability. The study of effect of temperature on ion exchange capacity of this material indicated the pronounced ion exchange capacity even at elevated temperature. The physico-chemical characterization was studied by elemental analysis, XRD, FTIR and TGA. The thermal analysis depicted the enhanced thermal stability of this material. The X-ray diffraction study showed that the material formed is semicrystalline in nature. The distribution studies of different metal ions on the exchanger were performed in different solvent systems and it was found to be selective for PbII and CuII ions. The presence of protons makes the TMA salt, a potential candidate for solid state protonic conduction. In the present endeavour, the proton conduction behaviour of these materials has been studied by measuring specific conductance (S) at different temperatures in the range 30–80°C using Solatron (1255B FRA FI1287 Electrochemical Phase) impedance analyzer. The specific conductance values for the single salts counter parts (tin phosphate and zirconium phosphate) have been compared.<#LINE#> @ @ Alberti G. and CasciolaM., Solid state protonic conductors, present main applications and future prospects,  Solid State Ionics.,145, 3-16 (2001) @No $ @ @ Llavona R., Suarez M., Garcia J. R. and Rodriguez J., Lamellar inorganic ion exchangers. Alkali metal ion exchange on .alpha.- and .gamma.-titanium phosphate, Inorg. Chem.28, 2863-2868 (1989) @No $ @ @ Centi G., Trifiro F., Ebner J. R. and Franchetti V. M., Mechanistic aspects of maleic anhydride synthesis from C4 hydrocarbons over phosphorus vanadium oxide, Chem. Rev.88 55-80 (1988) @No $ @ @ Cao G., Hong H. G. and Mallouk T. E., Layered metal phosphates and phosphonates: from crystals to monolayers, Accounts Chem. Res.25 420-427 (1992) @No $ @ @ Clearfield A., Role of ion exchange in solid-state chemistry, Chem. Rev.88 125-148 (1988) @No $ @ @ Clearfield A. and Berman J. R., On the mechanism of ion exchange in zirconium phosphates—XXXIV. Determination of the surface areas of -Zr(HPO·HO by surface exchange, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 43, 2141-2142 (1981) @No $ @ @ Alberti G., Casciola M., Costantino U., Levi G. and Riccardi G., On the mechanism of diffusion and ionic transport in crystalline insoluble acid salts of tetravalent metals—I Electrical conductance of zirconium bis (monohydrogen ortho-phosphate) monohydrate with a layered structure, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 40, 533-537 (1978) @No $ @ @ Alberti G., Casciola M., Costantino U. and Radi G., Gazz. Chim. Ital. 109, 421 (1979) @No $ @ @ Yamanaka S., Ionic conductivity in anhydrous crystalline zirconium phosphates, Zr(MPO (M  Li, Na, K), with layered structures, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 42, 717-720 (1980) @No $ @ @ Clearfield A. and Jerus P. Ionic conductivity of anhydrous zirconium bis(monohydrogen orthophosphate) and its sodium ion forms, Solid State Ionics., 6, 79-83 (1982) @No $ @ @ Boilot J. P., Barboux P., Carrier D., Lhalil K. and Moreau M., Protonic conduction in rare earth orthophosphates with the monazite structure, Solid State Ionics., 185, 162–165(2003) @No $ @ @  Alberti G., Study week on biological and artificial membranes and desalination of water (ed.) R Passino (Vatican City: Pontificia Acad. Sci. Scr.Varia:) 40, 629 (1976) @No $ @ @ Howe A. T. and Shelton M. G. Studies of layered uranium(VI) compounds. I. High proton conductivity in polycrystalline hydrogen uranyl phosphate tetrahydrate,  J. Solid State Chem., 28, 345-361 (1979) @No $ @ @ Alberti G., Bracardi M. and Casciola M., Ionic conduction of -titanium phosphate in hydrogen and alkali metal salt forms, Solid State Ionics.  7,  243-247 (1982) @No $ @ @ Szirtes L., Kuzmann E., Megyeri J. and Klencsar Z., Electrical conductivity of transition metal containing crystalline zirconium phosphate materials, Solid State Ionics, 145(1-4), 257-260 (2001) @No $ @ @ Szirtes L., Megyeri J., Riess L. and Kuzmann E., Electrical conductivity of transition metal containing crystalline titanium phosphate materials, Solid State Ionics., 162–163, 181-184 (2003) @No $ @ @ Hamlem R. P., Ionic Conductivity of Zirconium Phosphate, J. Electrochem. Soc., 109, 746-749 (1962) @No $ @ @ Alberti G. and Torracca E., Electrical conductance of amorphous zirconium phosphate in various salt forms,  J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 30, 1093-1099 (1968) @No $ @ @ Stenina I. A., Aliev A. D., Glukhov I. V., Spiridonov F. M. and Yaroslavtsev A. B., Cation mobility and ion exchange in acid tin phosphate, Solid State Ionics., 162–163, 191-195 (2003) @No $ @ @ Vogel A. I., “A text book of quantitative inorganic analysis”, Longman Group Limited, London, 1975  @No $ @ @ Topp N. E. and Pepper K. W., Properties of ion-exchange resins in relation to their structure. Part I. Titration curves, J. Chem. Soc., 690, 3299-3303 (1949) @No $ @ @ Nabi S. A. and Mu. Naushad, Synthesis, characterization and analytical applications of a new composite cation exchanger cellulose acetate-Zr(IV) molybdophosphate, Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects., 316, 217-225, (2008) @No $ @ @ Beena B. and Chadusama U., Transport properties in a mixed inorganic ion exchanger-zirconium phosphomolybdate-in comparison with its single ion counter part, Bull.Mater Sci., 19, 405-409 (1996) @No
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Removal of Methylene Blue Using Low Cost Adsorbent: A Review<#LINE#>M.A.@Mohammed,A@Shitu.,A.@Ibrahim<#LINE#>91-102<#LINE#>15.ISCA-RJCS-2013-178.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering,Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, MALAYSIA<#LINE#>3/12/2013<#LINE#>6/1/2014<#LINE#> In this article, adsorption process has been found to be one of the best treatment methods for Methylene blue (MB) removals. As the control of water pollution has become an increasing importance in recent years, the use of physical/chemical treatments such as membrane filtration, reverse osmosis, coagulation/flocculation and fenton reagents are not economically feasible. The use of different biosorbent as an alternative low cost adsorbent in the removal of methylene blue has been extensively studied and compiled, together with their adsorption capacities and experimental conditions such as adsorbent dose, pH of the solution, temperature and equilibrium time. But, there are issues as regards to draw back in the use of activated sorbents which were also discussed briefly. However, it is evident from the results of experiments in the literatures surveyed that various low-cost adsorbents have shown good potential for MB. <#LINE#> @ @ Alkan M., Demirbas O., Celikc¸apa S., Dogan M., Sorption of acid red 57 from aqueous solutions onto sepiolite, J Hazard. Mater., 116, 135–145 (2004) @No $ @ @ Turhan K. and Ozturkcan S.A., Decolorization and Degradation of Reactive Dye in Aqueous Solution by Ozonation in a Semi-batch Bubble Column Reactor, Water, Air, Soil Pollut., 224, 1353 (2012) @No $ @ @ Owamah H.I., Chukwujindu I.S. and Asiagwu A.K., Biosorptive capacity of yam peels waste for the removal of dye from aqueous solutions, Civ. Environ. Res., 3, 36–48 (2013) @No $ @ @ Soni M., Sharma A.K. and Srivastava J.K., Adsorptive Removal of Methylene Blue Dye from an Aqueous Solution Using Water Hyacinth Root Powder as a Low Adsorbent, Int. J. Chem. Sci. Appl., 3, 338–345 (2012) @No $ @ @ Giwa A.A, Bello I.A, Olajire A., Removal of Basic Dye From Aqueous Solution By Adsorption On Melon Husk In Binary And Ternary Systems, Chem. Process Eng. Res., 13, 51–68 (2013) @No $ @ @ Sheng J., Xie Y. and Zhou Y., Applied Clay Science Adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution on pyrophyllite, Appl. Clay Sci., 46, 422–424 (2009) @No $ @ @ Liu T. et al. Biointerfaces Adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution by graphene, Colloids Surfaces B Biointerfaces, 90, 197–203 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mouzdahir Y. El, Elmchaouri A., Mahboub R., Gil A. and Korili S.A., Equilibrium modeling for the adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solutions on activated clay minerals . Desalination, 250, 335–338 (2010) @No $ @ @ Saha P., Das Mishra R. and Husk R., Adsorption of safranin onto chemically modified rice husk in a upward flow packed bed reactor: artificial neural network modeling, Biotechnol. Adv., 44, 7579–7583 (2012) @No $ @ @ Khan T.A., Sharma S. and Ali I., Adsorption of Rhodamine B dye from aqueous solution onto acid activated mango (Magnifera indica) leaf powder: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies, J. Toxicol. Environ. Heal. Sci., 3, 286–297 (2011) @No $ @ @ Aksu Z., Ertu S. and Dönmez G., Methylene Blue biosorption by Rhizopus arrhizus: Effect of SDS (sodium dodecylsulfate) surfactant on biosorption properties, Chem. Eng. J., 158, 474–481 (2010) @No $ @ @ Barragan B.E., Costa C., Carmen Marquez M., Biodegradation of azo dyes by bacteria inoculated on solid media, Dye. Pigment., 75, 73–81 (2007) @No $ @ @ Wang S.A., Comparative study of Fenton and Fenton-like reaction kinetics in decolourisation of wastewater,Dye. Pigment., 76, 714–720 (2008) @No $ @ @ Feddal I. et al., Adsorption capacity of methylene blue, an organic pollutant, by montmorillonite clay, Desalin. Water Treat., 1–8 (2013) @No $ @ @ Q.Y. Yue, B.Y. Gao, Y. Wang, H. Zhang, X. Sun, S. G. Wang, and R. R. Gu. Synthesis of polyamine flocculants and their potential use in treating dye wastewater, J. Hazard. Mater. Mater., 152, 221–227 (2008) @No $ @ @ Y.Z. Jin, Y.F. Zhang and W.L., Micro-electrolysis technology forindustrial wastewater treatment, Bioresour. Technol., 15, 334–338 (2003) @No $ @ @ Wan Ngah, W.S., Teong L.C. and Hanafiah M.A.K.M., Adsorption of dyes and heavy metal ions by chitosan composites: A review, Carbohydr. Polym.,  83, 1446–1456 (2011) @No $ @ @ Sami G., Sorption Kinetics for Dye Removal From Aqueous Solution Using Natural Clay, J. Environ. Earth Sci. ISSN2, 30–40 (2012) @No $ @ @ Malekbala M.R., Soltani S.M., Yazdi S.K. and Hosseini S., Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies of Safranine Adsorption on Alkali-Treated Mango Seed Integuments, Int. J. Chem. Eng. Appl., 3, (2012) @No $ @ @ Gupta V.K. and Suhas, Application of low-cost adsorbents for dye removal--a review, J. Environ. Manage., 90, 2313–42 (2009) @No $ @ @ Ghoreishi S.M. and Haghighi R., Chemical catalytic reaction and biological oxidation for treatment of non-biodegradable textile effluent, Chem. Eng. J., 95, 163–169 (2003) @No $ @ @ A. Dabrowski. Adsorption  from theory to practice, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., (2001) @No $ @ @ Rafatullah M., Sulaiman O., Hashim R. and Ahmad A.,Adsorption of methylene blue on low-cost adsorbents: A review, J. Hazard. Mater., 177, 70–80 (2010) @No $ @ @ Unuabonah E.I., Adie G.U., Onah L.O. and Adeyemi O.G., Multistage optimization of the adsorption of methylene blue dye onto defatted Carica papaya seeds, Chem. Eng. J., 155, 567–579 (2009) @No $ @ @ Crini, G. Non-conventional low-cost adsorbents for dye removal: A review, Bioresour. Technol., 97, 1061–85 (2006) @No $ @ @Rauf M.A., Shehadeh I., Ahmed A. and Al-zamly A., Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution by Using Gypsum as a Low Cost Adsorbent, World Acad. Sci. Eng. Technol., 31, 604–609 (2009)@No $ @ @ Shi B.Y., Li G.H., Wang D.S., Feng C.H., Tang H.X.,Removal of direct dyes by coagulation: the performance of preformed polymeric aluminum species, J Hazard. Mater., 143, 567–574 (2007) @No $ @ @ Wang M., Li H., Wu J., Huo Y., Guo G. and Cao F., Flocculant for purification of printing and dyeing wastewater, 1–100 (2006) @No $ @ @ Zhou Y., Liang Z. and Wang Y., Decolorization and COD removal of secondary yeast wastewater effluents by coagulation using aluminum sulfate, Desalination, 225,301–311 (2008) @No $ @ @ Mishra A. and Bajpai M., The flocculation performance of Tamarindus mucilage in relation to removal of vat and direct dyes, Bioresour. Technol., 97, 1055–1059 (2006) @No $ @ @ Lee J.W., Choi S.P., Thiruvenkatachari R., Shim W.G., Moon H., Evaluation of the performance of adsorption and coagulation processes for the maximum removal of reactive dyes, Dye. Pigment., 69, 196–203 (2006) @No $ @ @ Bekchanov, M., Lamers, J. P. A., Karimov, A. and Müller, M. Cotton, Water, Salts and Soums, 329–344 (2012) @No $ @ @ Fu, Y., Viraraghavan, T. Fungal decolorization of dye wastewaters: A review, Bioresour. Technol., 79, 251–262 (2002) @No $ @ @ Banat F., Al-asheh S. and Al-makhadmeh L.E, Valuation of the use of raw and acti v ated date pits as potential adsorbents for dye containing waters, Process Biochem., 39, 193–202 (2003) @No $ @ @ Bhattacharyya K.G. and Sharma A., Adsorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solution by Azadirachta indica (Neem) leaf powder. J. Hazard. Mater., 113, 97–109 (2004) @No $ @ @ Robinson T., McMullan G., Marchant R., Nigam P., Remediation of dyes in textile effluent: a critical review on current treatment technologies with a proposed alternative, Bioresour. Technol., 77, 247–255 (2001) @No $ @ @ Ravi Kumar M.N.V., Sridhari T.R., Bhavani K.D., Dutta P.K., Trends in color removal from textile mill effluents, Colorage, 40, 25–34 (1998) @No $ @ @ Foo K.Y. and Hameed B.H., Desalination and Water Treatment An overview of dye removal via activated carbon adsorption process, Desalin. Water Treat., 37–41 (2012) @No $ @ @ Hasan M., Ahmad A.L. and Hameed B.H., Adsorption of reactive dye onto cross-linked chitosan/oil palm ash composite beads, Chem. Eng. J., 136, 164–172 (2008) @No $ @ @ Jain R., Gupta V.K. and Sikarwar S., Adsorption and desorption studies on hazardous dye Naphthol Yellow S., J. Hazard. Mater., 182, 749–756 (2010) @No $ @ @ Foo K.Y. and Hameed B.H., Insights into the modeling of adsorption isotherm systems, Chem. Eng. J., 156, 2–10 (2010) @No $ @ @ Kumar V., Kumar R., Nayak A., Saleh A. and Barakat M.A., Adsorptive removal of dyes from aqueous solution onto carbon nanotubes: A review, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., (2013) @No $ @ @ Shichi T. and Takagi K., Clay minerals as photochemical reaction fields, J. Photochem., 113–130 (2000) @No $ @ @ Do M., Abak H. and Alkan M., Adsorption of methylene blue onto hazelnut shell: Kinetics, mechanism and activation parameters, J. Hazard. Mater., 164, 172–181 (2009) @No $ @ @ Krysztafkiewicz A., Binkowski S. and Jesionowski T. Adsorption of dyes on a silica surface, Appl. Surf. Sci., 199, 31–39 (2002) @No $ @ @ Woolard C.D., Strong J. and Erasmus C., Evaluation of the use of modified coal ash as a potential sorbent for organic waste streams, Appl. Geochemistry, 17, 1159–1164 (2002) @No $ @ @ Ahmed M.N. and Ram R.N., Removal of basic dye from wastewater using silica as adsorbent, Environ. Pollut, 77,79–86 (1992) @No $ @ @ Sayal A., Bulasara V.K. and Barman S., A Study on Synthesis of Zeolite and Removal of Amido Black dye by adsorption with Zeolite, Chem. Process Eng. Resarch, 2,54–65 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ozdemir O., Armagan B., Turan M., Celik M.S., Comparison of the adsorption characteristics of azoreactive dyes on mezoporous minerals, Dye. Pigment., 62,49–60 (2004) @No $ @ @ Meshko V., Markovska L., Mincheva M. and Rodrigues A. dsorption of basic dyes on granular activated carbon and natural zeolite, 35, 3357–3366 (2001) @No $ @ @ Calzaferri G., Bru¨hwiler D., Megelski S., Pfenniger M., Pauchard M., Hennessy B., Maas H., Devaux A., Graf, A. Playing with dye molecules at the inner and outer surface of zeolite, Solid States Sci, 2, 421–447 (2000) @No $ @ @ Rozada F., Calvo L.F., Garcia A.I., Martin-Villacorta J., Otero M., Dye adsorption by sewage sludge-based activated carbons in batch and fixed-bed systems, Bioresour. Technol., 87, 221–230 (2003) @No $ @ @ Rodriguez-Reinoso, Introduction to Carbon Technologies. (Universidad de Alicante, Secretariado de Publicaciones, (1997) @No $ @ @ Pragya P., Sripal S. and Maheshkumar Y., Preparation and Study of Properties of Activated Carbon Produced from Agricultural and Industrial Waste Shells, Res. J. Chem. Sci.3, 12–15 (2013) @No $ @ @ Carrasco-Marin F., Alvarez-Merino M.A., Moreno-Castilla C., Microporous activated carbons from a bituminous coal, Energy Fuel, 75, 966–970 (1996) @No $ @ @ Illan Gomez M.J., Garcia-Garcia A., Salinas-Martinez de Lecea, C., Linares-Solano, A. Activated carbon from Spanish coal to Chemical activation, Energy Fuel, 1108–1114 (1996) @No $ @ @ Karaca S., Gu¨ rses, A., Bayrak, R. Effect of some pretreatments on the adsorption of methylene blue by Balkaya lignite, Energy Convers. Manag., 45, 1693–1704(2004) @No $ @ @ Abbas A. et al. Comparative Study of Adsorptive Removal of Congo Red and Brilliant Green Dyes from Water Using Peanut Shell, Middle-East J. Sci. Res.11, 828–832 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ahmad R. and Kumar R., Adsorptive removal of congo red dye from aqueous solution using bael shell carbon. Appl. Surf. Sci.,257, 1628–1633 (2010) @No $ @ @ Dawood S. and Sen T.K., Removal of anionic dye Congo red from aqueous solution by raw pine and acid-treated pine cone powder as adsorbent: equilibrium, thermodynamic, kinetics, mechanism and process design. Water Res.46, 1933–46 (2012) @No $ @ @ Vinod, V., Kailash, D., Suresh, C. and Madan, L. Adsorption Studies of Zn ( II ) ions from Wastewater using Calotropis procera as an Adsorbent, Res. J. Recent Sci., 1,160–165 (2012) @No $ @ @ Gopalakrishnan S., Kannadasan T., Velmurugan S., Muthu S. and P, V. K. Biosorption of Chromium ( VI ) from Industrial Effluent using Neem Leaf Adsorbent, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 3, 48–53 (2013) @No $ @ @ Bernard E., Jimoh A. and Odigure J.O., Heavy Metals Removal from Industrial Wastewater by Activated Carbon Prepared from Coconut Shell, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 3, 3–9 (2013) @No $ @ @ Tiwari A. and Kathane P., Superparamagnetic PVA-Alginate Microspheres as Adsorbent for Cu 2 + ions Removal from Aqueous Systems, Int. Res. J. Environ. Sci., 2, 44–53 (2013) @No $ @ @ Boukhlifi F., Chraibi S. and Alami M., Evaluation of the he Adsorption Kinetics and nd Equilibrium for the Potential Removal of Phenol Using a New Biosorbent,J. Environ. Earth Sci., 3, 181–191 (2013) @No $ @ @ Paulino A.T. et al., Removal of methylene blue dye from an aqueous media using superabsorbent hydrogel supported on modified polysaccharide, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 301, 55–62 (2006) @No $ @ @ Kumar K.V. and Kumaran A., Removal of methylene blue by mango seed kernel powder, Biochem. Eng. J., 27, 83–93 (2005) @No $ @ @ Bulut Y. and Ayd H.A., kinetics and thermodynamics study of methylene blue adsorption on wheat shells,Desalination, 194, 259–267 (2006) @No $ @ @ Bhattacharyya K.G. and Sharma A., Kinetics and thermodynamics of Methylene Blue adsorption on Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf powder, Dye. Pigment., 65, 51–59 (2005) @No $ @ @ Senthilkumaar S., Varadarajan P.R., Porkodi K. and Subbhuraam C.V., Adsorption of methylene blue onto jute fiber carbon: kinetics and equilibrium studies, j. Colloid. Interface Sci., 284, 78–82 (2005) @No $ @ @ Vadivelan V. and Kumar K.V., Equilibrium, kinetics, mechanism and process design for the sorption of methylene blue onto rice husk, j. Colloid. Interface Sci., 286, 90–100 (2005) @No $ @ @ Waranusantigul P., Pokethitiyook P., Kruatrachue M. and Upatham E.S., Kinetics of basic dye (methylene blue) biosorption by giant duckweed (Spirodela polyrrhiza), Environ. Pollut., 125, 385–392 (2003) @No $ @ @ Khan A., Tahir H., Uddin F. and Hameed U., Adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution on the surface of wool fiber and cotton fiber, J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Mgt., 9(2), 29–35 (2005) @No $ @ @ Hameed B.H., Ahmad A.L. and Latiff K.N.A., Adsorption of basic dye (methylene blue) onto activated carbon prepared from rattan sawdust, Dye. Pigment., 75, 143–149 (2007) @No $ @ @ Joseph C.G., Bono A., Krishnaiah D. and Soon K.O., Sorption Studies of Methylene Blue Dye in Aqueous Solution by Optimised Carbon Prepared from Guava Seeds (Psidium guajava L.). Mater. Sci. (MEDIAGOTYRA)., 13,83–87 (2007) @No $ @ @ Ozer Ahmet, Dursun G., Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution by dehydrated wheat bran carbon, J. Hazard. Mater., 146, 262–269 (2007) @No $ @ @ Hameed B.H., Din A.T.M. and Ahmad A.L., Adsorption of methylene blue onto bamboo-based activated carbon: Kinetics and equilibrium studies, J. Hazard. Mater.141,819–825 (2007) @No $ @ @ Ozer D. and Ozer A., Methylene blue adsorption from aqueous solution by dehydrated peanut hull. J. Hazard. Mater., 144, 171–179 (2007) @No $ @ @ Kumar K.V. and Porkodi K., Mass transfer, kinetics and equilibrium studies for the biosorption of methylene blue using Paspalum notatum, J Hazard. Mater., 146, 214–226 (2007) @No $ @ @ Kavitha, D. and Namasivayam, C. Experimental and kinetic studies on methylene blue adsorption by coir pith carbon, Bioresour. Technol., 98, 14–21 (2007) @No $ @ @ Hamdaoui O. and Chiha M., Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions by Wheat Bran. 407–418 (2007) @No $ @ @ Pavan F.A., Lima E.C., Dias S.L.P. and Mazzocato A.C., Methylene blue biosorption from aqueous solutions by yellow passion fruit waste, J. Hazard. Mater., 150, 703–712 (2008) @No $ @ @ Ponnusami V., Vikram S. and Srivastava S.N., Guava (Psidium guajava) leaf powder: novel adsorbent for removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions, J. Hazard. Mater., 152, 276–86 (2008) @No $ @ @ Hameed B.H., Mahmoud D.K. and Ahmad A.L., Sorption equilibrium and kinetics of basic dye from aqueous solution using banana stalk waste, J. Hazard. Mater., 158,499–506 (2008) @No $ @ @ Hameed B.H. and Daud F.B.M., Adsorption studies of basic dye on activated carbon derived from agricultural waste: Hevea brasiliensis seed coat, Chem. Eng. J., 139,48–55 (2008) @No $ @ @ Bestani B., Benderdouche N., Benstaali B., Belhakem M. and Addou A., Bioresource Technology Methylene blue and iodine adsorption onto an activated desert plant, Bioresour. Technol., 99, 8441–8444 (2008) @No $ @ @ Bello O.S. and Adeogun I.A., Adsorption of methylene blue onto activated carbon derived from periwinkle shells: kinetics and equilibrium studies, Chem. Ecol., 24, 285–295 (2008) @No $ @ @ S. Maiti, S. Purakayastha and B.G., production of Low-Cost Carbon Adsorbents from Agricultural Wastes andTheir Impact on Dye Adsorption, Chem. Eng.comm, 198,386–403 (2008) @No $ @ @ Hameed B.H. Grass waste: A novel sorbent for the removal of basic dye from aqueous solution, J. Hazard. Mater., 166, 233–238 (2009) @No $ @ @ Hu C. et al., Enhanced Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution by Pummelo Peel Pretreated with Sodium Hydroxide, J. Heal. Sci., 55, 619–624 (2009) @No $ @ @ Ponnusami V., Gunasekar V. and Srivastava S.N., Kinetics of methylene blue removal from aqueous solution using gulmohar (Delonix regia ) plant leaf powder: Multivariate regression analysis, J. Hazard. Mater., 169, 119–127 (2009) @No $ @ @ Elizalde-gonzález, M. P. and Hernández-montoya, V. Guava seed as an adsorbent and as a precursor of carbon for the adsorption of acid dyes, Bioresour. Technol., 100,2111–2117 (2009) @No $ @ @  Ahmad, A., Rafatullah, M., Sulaiman, O., Ibrahim, M. H. and Hashim, R. Scavenging behaviour of meranti sawdust in the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution, J. Hazard. Mater.170, 357–365 (2009) @No $ @ @ Uddin, T., Islam, A. and Mahmud, S. Adsorptive removal of methylene blue by tea waste, J. Hazard. Mater., 164,53–60 (2009) @No $ @ @ Hameed B.H. and Ahmad A.A., Batch adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution by garlic peel , an agricultural waste biomass, J. Happiness Stud., 164, 870–875 (2009) @No $ @ @ Unuabonah E.I., Adie G.U., Onah L.O. and Adeyemi O.G., Multistage optimization of the adsorption of methylene blue dye onto defatted Carica papaya seeds, Chem. Eng. J., 155, 567–579 (2009) @No $ @ @ Hameed B.H., Krishni R.R. and Sata S.A., A novel agricultural waste adsorbent for the removal of cationic dye from aqueous solutions, J. Hazard. Mater., 162, 305–311 (2009) @No $ @ @ Hameed B.H., Removal of cationic dye from aqueous solution using jackfruit peel as non-conventional low-cost adsorbent, J. Hazard. Mater., 162, 344–350 (2009) @No $ @ @ Hameed B.H., Evaluation of papaya seeds as a novel non-conventional low-cost adsorbent for removal of methylene blue J. Hazard. Mater., 162, 939–944 (2009) @No $ @ @ El-khaiary M.I., Gad F.A. and Mahmoud M.S., Adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution by chemically treated water hyacinth, Toxicol. Enviromental Chem., 91,1079–1094 (2009) @No $ @ @ Latif M.M.A.E. and Ibrahim A.M., Adsorption , kinetic and equilibrium studies on removal of basic dye from aqueous solutions using hydrolyzed Oak sawdust, Desalin. Water Treat., 6, 252–268 (2009) @No $ @ @ Modesto S. et al., Brazil nut shells as a new biosorbent to remove methylene blue and indigo carmine from aqueous solutions, J. Hazard. Mater., 174, 84–92 (2010) @No $ @ @ Liu Q., Zheng T., Li N., Wang P. and Abulikemu G., Applied Surface Science Modification of bamboo-based activated carbon using microwave radiation and its effects on the adsorption of methylene blue, Appl. Surf. Sci., 256,3309–3315 (2010) @No $ @ @ Yang J. and Qiu K., Preparation of activated carbons from walnut shells via vacuum chemical activation and their application for methylene blue removal, Chem. Eng. J., 165, 209–217 (2010) @No $ @ @ Sharma P., Kaur R., Baskar C. and Chung W., Removal of methylene blue from aqueous waste using rice husk and rice husk ash, DES, 259, 249–257 (2010) @No $ @ @ Xing Y., Liu D. and Zhang L.P., Enhanced adsorption of Methylene Blue by EDTAD-modified sugarcane bagasse and photocatalytic regeneration of the adsorbent, Desalination, 259, 187–191 (2010) @No $ @ @ Yang J. and Qiu K., Preparation of activated carbons from walnut shells via vacuum chemical activation and their application for methylene blue removal, Chem. Eng. J., 165, 209–217 (2010) @No $ @ @ Rub&#305; E., Rodr&#305; P., Herrero R. and Vicente M.E.S. De., Adsorption of Methylene Blue on Chemically Modified Algal Biomass: Equilibrium, Dynamic and Surface Data, 5707–5714 (2010) @No $ @ @ Bello O.S., Adelaide O.M. and Hammed M.A., Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies of Methylene Blue Removal from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption on Treated Sawdust, Maced. J. Chem. Chem. Eng., 29, 77–85 (2010) @No $ @ @ Ijagbemi C.O. et al., Methylene Blue adsorption from aqueous solution by activated carbon: Effect of acidic and alkaline solution treatments, J. Environ. Sci. Heal. , Part A  Toxic / Hazard. Subst. Environ., 45, 958–967 (2010) @No $ @ @ Belala Z., Jeguirim M., Belhachemi M., Addoun F. and Trouvé G., Biosorption of basic dye from aqueous solutions by Date Stones and Palm-Trees Waste: Kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies, Desalination, 271, 80–87 (2011) @No $ @ @ Nasuha N. and Hameed B.H., Adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution onto NaOH-modified rejected tea, Chem. Eng. J., 166, 783–786 (2011) @No $ @ @ Patil S., Renukdas S. and Patel N., Removal of methylene blue, a basic dye from aqueous solutions by adsorption using teak tree (Tectona grandis) bark powder, Int. J. Environ. Sci., 1, 711–726 (2011) @No $ @ @ Saka Cafer and Sahin O., Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions by using cold plasma- and formaldehyde-treated onion skins Coloration Technology, Color. Technol., 246–255 (2011) @No $ @ @ Foo K.Y. and Hameed B.H., Preparation of oil palm (Elaeis) empty fruit bunch activated carbon by microwave-assisted KOH activation for the adsorption of methylene blue, DES, 275, 302–305 (2011) @No $ @ @ Foo K.Y. and Hameed B.H., Preparation of activated carbon from date stones by microwave induced chemical activation: Application for methylene blue adsorption, Chem. Eng. J., 170, 338–341 (2011) @No $ @ @ Deng H., Lu J., Li G., Zhang G. and Wang X., Adsorption of methylene blue on adsorbent materials produced from cotton stalk, Chem. Eng. J., 172, 326–334 (2011) @No $ @ @ Song J., Zou W., Bian Y., Su F. and Han R., Adsorption characteristics of methylene blue by peanut husk in batch and column modes, DES, 265, 119–125 (2011) @No $ @ @ Han X., Wang W. and Ma X., Adsorption characteristics of methylene blue onto low cost biomass material lotus leaf, Chem. Eng. J., 171, 1–8 (2011) @No $ @ @ El-Sayed G.O., Removal of methylene blue and crystal violet from aqueous solutions by palm kernel fiber,Desalination, 272, 225–232 (2011) @No $ @ @ Amri N., Alrozi R., Osman M.S., Nasuha N. and Aman N.S., Waste-based Activated Carbon, in IEEE Symp. Humanit. Sci. Eng. Res., 33–38 (2012) @No $ @ @ Oyelude E.O. and Appiah-takyi F., Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution using alkali-modified malted sorghum mash, Turkish J. Eng. Env. Sci., 36, 161–169 (2012) @No $ @ @ Saif M., Rehman U., Kim I. and Han J., Adsorption of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution by sugar extracted spent rice biomass, Carbohydr. Polym., 90,1314–1322 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ahmed M.J. and Dhedan S.K., Fluid Phase Equilibria Equilibrium isotherms and kinetics modeling of methylene blue adsorption on agricultural wastes-based activated carbons, Fluid Phase Equilib., 317, 9–14 (2012) @No $ @ @ Foo K.Y. and Hameed B.H., Dynamic adsorption behavior of methylene blue onto oil palm shell granular activated carbon prepared by microwave heating, Chem. Eng. J., 203, 81–87 (2012) @No $ @ @ Feng Y. et al., Methylene blue adsorption onto swede rape straw (Brassica napus L.) modified by tartaric acid: Equilibrium, kinetic and adsorption mechanisms, Bioresour. Technol., 125, 138–144 (2012) @No $ @ @ Liu Y., Zhao X., Li J., Ma D. and Han R., Characterization of bio-char from pyrolysis of wheat straw and its evaluation on methylene blue adsorption, Desalin. Water Treat., 46, 115–123 (2012) @No $ @ @ Unal Gecgel, Gulce Ozcan, and G.C.G., Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution by Activated Carbon Prepared from pee Shells (Pisum sativum), J. Chem., 1–9 (2013) @No $ @ @ AL-Aoh H. a., Yahya R., Jamil Maah M. and Radzi Bin Abas M., Adsorption of methylene blue on activated carbon fiber prepared from coconut husk: isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamics studies, Desalin. Water Treat., 1–13 (2013) @No $ @ @ Krishni R.R., Foo K.Y. and Hameed B.H., Desalination and Water Treatment Adsorption of methylene blue onto papaya leaves: comparison of linear and nonlinear isotherm analysis, Desalin. Water Treat., 37–41 (2013) @No $ @ @ Wong Y.C., Senan M.S.R. and Atiqah N.A., Removal of Methylene Blue and Malachite Green Dye Using Different Form of Coconut Fibre as Absorbent, J. Basic Appl. Sci., 9, 172–177 (2013) @No $ @ @ Boumehdi Toumi L., Hamdi L., Salem Z. and Allia K.,Batch adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solutions by untreated Alfa grass, Desalin. Water Treat.,1–12 (2013) @No $ @ @ Patel H. and Vashi R.T., A comparison study of removal of methylene blue dye by adsorption on Neem leaf powder (NLP) and activated NLP, J. Environ. Eng. Landsc. Manag., 21, 36–41 (2013) @No $ @ @ Khodaie M., Ghasemi N., Moradi B. and Rahimi M., Removal of Methylene Blue from Wastewater by Adsorption onto ZnCl 2 Activated Corn Husk Carbon Equilibrium Studies, Hindawi Publ. Corp. J. Chem., 6 (2013) @No $ @ @ M.K.S. Saidutta, M.B. Murty, V.R.C. and V, K. S. Adsorption of basic Dye from Aqueous Solution using HCl Treated Saw Dust (Lagerstroemia microcarpa): Kinetic, Modeling of Equilibrium, Int. Res. J. Environ. Sci., 2, 6–16 (2013) @No $ @ @ Khoo E., Ong S., Hung Y. and Ha S., Removal of basic dyes from aqueous solution using sugarcane bagasse: optimization by Plackett – Burman and Response Surface Methodology, Desalin. Water Treat., 1–11 (2013) @No $ @ @ Lakshmipathy R. and Sarada N.C., Adsorptive removal of basic cationic dyes from aqueous solution by chemically protonated watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) rind biomass, Desalin. Water Treat., 1–10 (2013) @No $ @ @ Lim L.B.L. et al., Artocarpus odoratissimus skin as a potential low-cost biosorbent for the removal of methylene blue and methyl violet 2B, Desalin. Water Treat., 1–12(2013) @No $ @ @ Khoo E., Ong S., Hung Y. and Ha S., Removal of basic dyes from aqueous solution using sugarcane bagasse: optimization by Plackett – Burman and Response Surface Methodology, Desalin. Water Treat., 51, 37–41 (2013) @No $ @ @ Kong L., Gong L. and Wang, J. Removal of methylene blue from wastewater using fallen leaves as an adsorbent, Desalin. Water Treat. 1–12 (2013) @No $ @ @ Cheng G. et al. Adsorption of methylene blue by residue biochar from copyrolysis of dewatered sewage sludge and pine sawdust, Desalin. Water Treat., 51, 37–41 (2013) @No