International E-publication: Publish Projects, Dissertation, Theses, Books, Souvenir, Conference Proceeding with ISBN.  International E-Bulletin: Information/News regarding: Academics and Research

Removal of Methylene Blue Using Low Cost Adsorbent: A Review

    , ,

Author Affiliations

  • 1Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering,Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, MALAYSIA

Res.J.chem.sci., Volume 4, Issue (1), Pages 91-102, January,18 (2014)

Abstract

In this article, adsorption process has been found to be one of the best treatment methods for Methylene blue (MB) removals. As the control of water pollution has become an increasing importance in recent years, the use of physical/chemical treatments such as membrane filtration, reverse osmosis, coagulation/flocculation and fenton reagents are not economically feasible. The use of different biosorbent as an alternative low cost adsorbent in the removal of methylene blue has been extensively studied and compiled, together with their adsorption capacities and experimental conditions such as adsorbent dose, pH of the solution, temperature and equilibrium time. But, there are issues as regards to draw back in the use of activated sorbents which were also discussed briefly. However, it is evident from the results of experiments in the literatures surveyed that various low-cost adsorbents have shown good potential for MB.

References

  1. Alkan M., Demirbas O., CelikcΈapa S., Dogan M., Sorption of acid red 57 from aqueous solutions onto sepiolite, J Hazard. Mater., 116, 135–145 (2004)
  2. Turhan K. and Ozturkcan S.A., Decolorization and Degradation of Reactive Dye in Aqueous Solution by Ozonation in a Semi-batch Bubble Column Reactor, Water, Air, Soil Pollut., 224, 1353 (2012)
  3. Owamah H.I., Chukwujindu I.S. and Asiagwu A.K., Biosorptive capacity of yam peels waste for the removal of dye from aqueous solutions, Civ. Environ. Res., 3, 36–48 (2013)
  4. Soni M., Sharma A.K. and Srivastava J.K., Adsorptive Removal of Methylene Blue Dye from an Aqueous Solution Using Water Hyacinth Root Powder as a Low Adsorbent, Int. J. Chem. Sci. Appl., 3, 338–345 (2012)
  5. Giwa A.A, Bello I.A, Olajire A., Removal of Basic Dye From Aqueous Solution By Adsorption On Melon Husk In Binary And Ternary Systems, Chem. Process Eng. Res., 13, 51–68 (2013)
  6. Sheng J., Xie Y. and Zhou Y., Applied Clay Science Adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution on pyrophyllite, Appl. Clay Sci., 46, 422–424 (2009)
  7. Liu T. et al. Biointerfaces Adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution by graphene, Colloids Surfaces B Biointerfaces, 90, 197–203 (2012)
  8. Mouzdahir Y. El, Elmchaouri A., Mahboub R., Gil A. and Korili S.A., Equilibrium modeling for the adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solutions on activated clay minerals . Desalination, 250, 335–338 (2010)
  9. Saha P., Das Mishra R. and Husk R., Adsorption of safranin onto chemically modified rice husk in a upward flow packed bed reactor: artificial neural network modeling, Biotechnol. Adv., 44, 7579–7583 (2012)
  10. Khan T.A., Sharma S. and Ali I., Adsorption of Rhodamine B dye from aqueous solution onto acid activated mango (Magnifera indica) leaf powder: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies, J. Toxicol. Environ. Heal. Sci., 3, 286–297 (2011)
  11. Aksu Z., Ertu S. and Dφnmez G., Methylene Blue biosorption by Rhizopus arrhizus: Effect of SDS (sodium dodecylsulfate) surfactant on biosorption properties, Chem. Eng. J., 158, 474–481 (2010)
  12. Barragan B.E., Costa C., Carmen Marquez M., Biodegradation of azo dyes by bacteria inoculated on solid media, Dye. Pigment., 75, 73–81 (2007)
  13. Wang S.A., Comparative study of Fenton and Fenton-like reaction kinetics in decolourisation of wastewater,Dye. Pigment., 76, 714–720 (2008)
  14. Feddal I. et al., Adsorption capacity of methylene blue, an organic pollutant, by montmorillonite clay, Desalin. Water Treat., 1–8 (2013)
  15. Q.Y. Yue, B.Y. Gao, Y. Wang, H. Zhang, X. Sun, S. G. Wang, and R. R. Gu. Synthesis of polyamine flocculants and their potential use in treating dye wastewater, J. Hazard. Mater. Mater., 152, 221–227 (2008)
  16. Y.Z. Jin, Y.F. Zhang and W.L., Micro-electrolysis technology forindustrial wastewater treatment, Bioresour. Technol., 15, 334–338 (2003)
  17. Wan Ngah, W.S., Teong L.C. and Hanafiah M.A.K.M., Adsorption of dyes and heavy metal ions by chitosan composites: A review, Carbohydr. Polym., 83, 1446–1456 (2011)
  18. Sami G., Sorption Kinetics for Dye Removal From Aqueous Solution Using Natural Clay, J. Environ. Earth Sci. ISSN2, 30–40 (2012)
  19. Malekbala M.R., Soltani S.M., Yazdi S.K. and Hosseini S., Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies of Safranine Adsorption on Alkali-Treated Mango Seed Integuments, Int. J. Chem. Eng. Appl., 3, (2012)
  20. Gupta V.K. and Suhas, Application of low-cost adsorbents for dye removal--a review, J. Environ. Manage., 90, 2313–42 (2009)
  21. Ghoreishi S.M. and Haghighi R., Chemical catalytic reaction and biological oxidation for treatment of non-biodegradable textile effluent, Chem. Eng. J., 95, 163–169 (2003)
  22. A. Da browski. Adsorption from theory to practice, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., (2001)
  23. Rafatullah M., Sulaiman O., Hashim R. and Ahmad A.,Adsorption of methylene blue on low-cost adsorbents: A review, J. Hazard. Mater., 177, 70–80 (2010)
  24. Unuabonah E.I., Adie G.U., Onah L.O. and Adeyemi O.G., Multistage optimization of the adsorption of methylene blue dye onto defatted Carica papaya seeds, Chem. Eng. J., 155, 567–579 (2009)
  25. Crini, G. Non-conventional low-cost adsorbents for dye removal: A review, Bioresour. Technol., 97, 1061–85 (2006)
  26. Rauf M.A., Shehadeh I., Ahmed A. and Al-zamly A., Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution by Using Gypsum as a Low Cost Adsorbent, World Acad. Sci. Eng. Technol., 31, 604–609 (2009)
  27. Shi B.Y., Li G.H., Wang D.S., Feng C.H., Tang H.X.,Removal of direct dyes by coagulation: the performance of preformed polymeric aluminum species, J Hazard. Mater., 143, 567–574 (2007)
  28. Wang M., Li H., Wu J., Huo Y., Guo G. and Cao F., Flocculant for purification of printing and dyeing wastewater, 1–100 (2006)
  29. Zhou Y., Liang Z. and Wang Y., Decolorization and COD removal of secondary yeast wastewater effluents by coagulation using aluminum sulfate, Desalination, 225,301–311 (2008)
  30. Mishra A. and Bajpai M., The flocculation performance of Tamarindus mucilage in relation to removal of vat and direct dyes, Bioresour. Technol., 97, 1055–1059 (2006)
  31. Lee J.W., Choi S.P., Thiruvenkatachari R., Shim W.G., Moon H., Evaluation of the performance of adsorption and coagulation processes for the maximum removal of reactive dyes, Dye. Pigment., 69, 196–203 (2006)
  32. Bekchanov, M., Lamers, J. P. A., Karimov, A. and Mόller, M. Cotton, Water, Salts and Soums, 329–344 (2012)
  33. Fu, Y., Viraraghavan, T. Fungal decolorization of dye wastewaters: A review, Bioresour. Technol., 79, 251–262 (2002)
  34. Banat F., Al-asheh S. and Al-makhadmeh L.E, Valuation of the use of raw and acti v ated date pits as potential adsorbents for dye containing waters, Process Biochem., 39, 193–202 (2003)
  35. Bhattacharyya K.G. and Sharma A., Adsorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solution by Azadirachta indica (Neem) leaf powder. J. Hazard. Mater., 113, 97–109 (2004)
  36. Robinson T., McMullan G., Marchant R., Nigam P., Remediation of dyes in textile effluent: a critical review on current treatment technologies with a proposed alternative, Bioresour. Technol., 77, 247–255 (2001)
  37. Ravi Kumar M.N.V., Sridhari T.R., Bhavani K.D., Dutta P.K., Trends in color removal from textile mill effluents, Colorage, 40, 25–34 (1998)
  38. Foo K.Y. and Hameed B.H., Desalination and Water Treatment An overview of dye removal via activated carbon adsorption process, Desalin. Water Treat., 37–41 (2012)
  39. Hasan M., Ahmad A.L. and Hameed B.H., Adsorption of reactive dye onto cross-linked chitosan/oil palm ash composite beads, Chem. Eng. J., 136, 164–172 (2008)
  40. Jain R., Gupta V.K. and Sikarwar S., Adsorption and desorption studies on hazardous dye Naphthol Yellow S., J. Hazard. Mater., 182, 749–756 (2010)
  41. Foo K.Y. and Hameed B.H., Insights into the modeling of adsorption isotherm systems, Chem. Eng. J., 156, 2–10 (2010)
  42. Kumar V., Kumar R., Nayak A., Saleh A. and Barakat M.A., Adsorptive removal of dyes from aqueous solution onto carbon nanotubes: A review, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., (2013)
  43. Shichi T. and Takagi K., Clay minerals as photochemical reaction fields, J. Photochem., 113–130 (2000)
  44. Do M., Abak H. and Alkan M., Adsorption of methylene blue onto hazelnut shell: Kinetics, mechanism and activation parameters, J. Hazard. Mater., 164, 172–181 (2009)
  45. Krysztafkiewicz A., Binkowski S. and Jesionowski T. Adsorption of dyes on a silica surface, Appl. Surf. Sci., 199, 31–39 (2002)
  46. Woolard C.D., Strong J. and Erasmus C., Evaluation of the use of modified coal ash as a potential sorbent for organic waste streams, Appl. Geochemistry, 17, 1159–1164 (2002)
  47. Ahmed M.N. and Ram R.N., Removal of basic dye from wastewater using silica as adsorbent, Environ. Pollut, 77,79–86 (1992)
  48. Sayal A., Bulasara V.K. and Barman S., A Study on Synthesis of Zeolite and Removal of Amido Black dye by adsorption with Zeolite, Chem. Process Eng. Resarch, 2,54–65 (2012)
  49. Ozdemir O., Armagan B., Turan M., Celik M.S., Comparison of the adsorption characteristics of azoreactive dyes on mezoporous minerals, Dye. Pigment., 62,49–60 (2004)
  50. Meshko V., Markovska L., Mincheva M. and Rodrigues A. dsorption of basic dyes on granular activated carbon and natural zeolite, 35, 3357–3366 (2001)
  51. Calzaferri G., Bru¨hwiler D., Megelski S., Pfenniger M., Pauchard M., Hennessy B., Maas H., Devaux A., Graf, A. Playing with dye molecules at the inner and outer surface of zeolite, Solid States Sci, 2, 421–447 (2000)
  52. Rozada F., Calvo L.F., Garcia A.I., Martin-Villacorta J., Otero M., Dye adsorption by sewage sludge-based activated carbons in batch and fixed-bed systems, Bioresour. Technol., 87, 221–230 (2003)
  53. Rodriguez-Reinoso, Introduction to Carbon Technologies. (Universidad de Alicante, Secretariado de Publicaciones, (1997)
  54. Pragya P., Sripal S. and Maheshkumar Y., Preparation and Study of Properties of Activated Carbon Produced from Agricultural and Industrial Waste Shells, Res. J. Chem. Sci.3, 12–15 (2013)
  55. Carrasco-Marin F., Alvarez-Merino M.A., Moreno-Castilla C., Microporous activated carbons from a bituminous coal, Energy Fuel, 75, 966–970 (1996)
  56. Illan Gomez M.J., Garcia-Garcia A., Salinas-Martinez de Lecea, C., Linares-Solano, A. Activated carbon from Spanish coal to Chemical activation, Energy Fuel, 1108–1114 (1996)
  57. Karaca S., Gu¨ rses, A., Bayrak, R. Effect of some pretreatments on the adsorption of methylene blue by Balkaya lignite, Energy Convers. Manag., 45, 1693–1704(2004)
  58. Abbas A. et al. Comparative Study of Adsorptive Removal of Congo Red and Brilliant Green Dyes from Water Using Peanut Shell, Middle-East J. Sci. Res.11, 828–832 (2012)
  59. Ahmad R. and Kumar R., Adsorptive removal of congo red dye from aqueous solution using bael shell carbon. Appl. Surf. Sci.,257, 1628–1633 (2010)
  60. Dawood S. and Sen T.K., Removal of anionic dye Congo red from aqueous solution by raw pine and acid-treated pine cone powder as adsorbent: equilibrium, thermodynamic, kinetics, mechanism and process design. Water Res.46, 1933–46 (2012)
  61. Vinod, V., Kailash, D., Suresh, C. and Madan, L. Adsorption Studies of Zn ( II ) ions from Wastewater using Calotropis procera as an Adsorbent, Res. J. Recent Sci., 1,160–165 (2012)
  62. Gopalakrishnan S., Kannadasan T., Velmurugan S., Muthu S. and P, V. K. Biosorption of Chromium ( VI ) from Industrial Effluent using Neem Leaf Adsorbent, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 3, 48–53 (2013)
  63. Bernard E., Jimoh A. and Odigure J.O., Heavy Metals Removal from Industrial Wastewater by Activated Carbon Prepared from Coconut Shell, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 3, 3–9 (2013)
  64. Tiwari A. and Kathane P., Superparamagnetic PVA-Alginate Microspheres as Adsorbent for Cu 2 + ions Removal from Aqueous Systems, Int. Res. J. Environ. Sci., 2, 44–53 (2013)
  65. Boukhlifi F., Chraibi S. and Alami M., Evaluation of the he Adsorption Kinetics and nd Equilibrium for the Potential Removal of Phenol Using a New Biosorbent,J. Environ. Earth Sci., 3, 181–191 (2013)
  66. Paulino A.T. et al., Removal of methylene blue dye from an aqueous media using superabsorbent hydrogel supported on modified polysaccharide, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 301, 55–62 (2006)
  67. Kumar K.V. and Kumaran A., Removal of methylene blue by mango seed kernel powder, Biochem. Eng. J., 27, 83–93 (2005)
  68. Bulut Y. and Ayd H.A., kinetics and thermodynamics study of methylene blue adsorption on wheat shells,Desalination, 194, 259–267 (2006)
  69. Bhattacharyya K.G. and Sharma A., Kinetics and thermodynamics of Methylene Blue adsorption on Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf powder, Dye. Pigment., 65, 51–59 (2005)
  70. Senthilkumaar S., Varadarajan P.R., Porkodi K. and Subbhuraam C.V., Adsorption of methylene blue onto jute fiber carbon: kinetics and equilibrium studies, j. Colloid. Interface Sci., 284, 78–82 (2005)
  71. Vadivelan V. and Kumar K.V., Equilibrium, kinetics, mechanism and process design for the sorption of methylene blue onto rice husk, j. Colloid. Interface Sci., 286, 90–100 (2005)
  72. Waranusantigul P., Pokethitiyook P., Kruatrachue M. and Upatham E.S., Kinetics of basic dye (methylene blue) biosorption by giant duckweed (Spirodela polyrrhiza), Environ. Pollut., 125, 385–392 (2003)
  73. Khan A., Tahir H., Uddin F. and Hameed U., Adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution on the surface of wool fiber and cotton fiber, J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Mgt., 9(2), 29–35 (2005)
  74. Hameed B.H., Ahmad A.L. and Latiff K.N.A., Adsorption of basic dye (methylene blue) onto activated carbon prepared from rattan sawdust, Dye. Pigment., 75, 143–149 (2007)
  75. Joseph C.G., Bono A., Krishnaiah D. and Soon K.O., Sorption Studies of Methylene Blue Dye in Aqueous Solution by Optimised Carbon Prepared from Guava Seeds (Psidium guajava L.). Mater. Sci. (MEDIAGOTYRA)., 13,83–87 (2007)
  76. Ozer Ahmet, Dursun G., Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution by dehydrated wheat bran carbon, J. Hazard. Mater., 146, 262–269 (2007)
  77. Hameed B.H., Din A.T.M. and Ahmad A.L., Adsorption of methylene blue onto bamboo-based activated carbon: Kinetics and equilibrium studies, J. Hazard. Mater.141,819–825 (2007)
  78. Ozer D. and Ozer A., Methylene blue adsorption from aqueous solution by dehydrated peanut hull. J. Hazard. Mater., 144, 171–179 (2007)
  79. Kumar K.V. and Porkodi K., Mass transfer, kinetics and equilibrium studies for the biosorption of methylene blue using Paspalum notatum, J Hazard. Mater., 146, 214–226 (2007)
  80. Kavitha, D. and Namasivayam, C. Experimental and kinetic studies on methylene blue adsorption by coir pith carbon, Bioresour. Technol., 98, 14–21 (2007)
  81. Hamdaoui O. and Chiha M., Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions by Wheat Bran. 407–418 (2007)
  82. Pavan F.A., Lima E.C., Dias S.L.P. and Mazzocato A.C., Methylene blue biosorption from aqueous solutions by yellow passion fruit waste, J. Hazard. Mater., 150, 703–712 (2008)
  83. Ponnusami V., Vikram S. and Srivastava S.N., Guava (Psidium guajava) leaf powder: novel adsorbent for removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions, J. Hazard. Mater., 152, 276–86 (2008)
  84. Hameed B.H., Mahmoud D.K. and Ahmad A.L., Sorption equilibrium and kinetics of basic dye from aqueous solution using banana stalk waste, J. Hazard. Mater., 158,499–506 (2008)
  85. Hameed B.H. and Daud F.B.M., Adsorption studies of basic dye on activated carbon derived from agricultural waste: Hevea brasiliensis seed coat, Chem. Eng. J., 139,48–55 (2008)
  86. Bestani B., Benderdouche N., Benstaali B., Belhakem M. and Addou A., Bioresource Technology Methylene blue and iodine adsorption onto an activated desert plant, Bioresour. Technol., 99, 8441–8444 (2008)
  87. Bello O.S. and Adeogun I.A., Adsorption of methylene blue onto activated carbon derived from periwinkle shells: kinetics and equilibrium studies, Chem. Ecol., 24, 285–295 (2008)
  88. S. Maiti, S. Purakayastha and B.G., production of Low-Cost Carbon Adsorbents from Agricultural Wastes andTheir Impact on Dye Adsorption, Chem. Eng.comm, 198,386–403 (2008)
  89. Hameed B.H. Grass waste: A novel sorbent for the removal of basic dye from aqueous solution, J. Hazard. Mater., 166, 233–238 (2009)
  90. Hu C. et al., Enhanced Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution by Pummelo Peel Pretreated with Sodium Hydroxide, J. Heal. Sci., 55, 619–624 (2009)
  91. Ponnusami V., Gunasekar V. and Srivastava S.N., Kinetics of methylene blue removal from aqueous solution using gulmohar (Delonix regia ) plant leaf powder: Multivariate regression analysis, J. Hazard. Mater., 169, 119–127 (2009)
  92. Elizalde-gonzαlez, M. P. and Hernαndez-montoya, V. Guava seed as an adsorbent and as a precursor of carbon for the adsorption of acid dyes, Bioresour. Technol., 100,2111–2117 (2009)
  93. Ahmad, A., Rafatullah, M., Sulaiman, O., Ibrahim, M. H. and Hashim, R. Scavenging behaviour of meranti sawdust in the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution, J. Hazard. Mater.170, 357–365 (2009)
  94. Uddin, T., Islam, A. and Mahmud, S. Adsorptive removal of methylene blue by tea waste, J. Hazard. Mater., 164,53–60 (2009)
  95. Hameed B.H. and Ahmad A.A., Batch adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution by garlic peel , an agricultural waste biomass, J. Happiness Stud., 164, 870–875 (2009)
  96. Unuabonah E.I., Adie G.U., Onah L.O. and Adeyemi O.G., Multistage optimization of the adsorption of methylene blue dye onto defatted Carica papaya seeds, Chem. Eng. J., 155, 567–579 (2009)
  97. Hameed B.H., Krishni R.R. and Sata S.A., A novel agricultural waste adsorbent for the removal of cationic dye from aqueous solutions, J. Hazard. Mater., 162, 305–311 (2009)
  98. Hameed B.H., Removal of cationic dye from aqueous solution using jackfruit peel as non-conventional low-cost adsorbent, J. Hazard. Mater., 162, 344–350 (2009)
  99. Hameed B.H., Evaluation of papaya seeds as a novel non-conventional low-cost adsorbent for removal of methylene blue J. Hazard. Mater., 162, 939–944 (2009)
  100. El-khaiary M.I., Gad F.A. and Mahmoud M.S., Adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution by chemically treated water hyacinth, Toxicol. Enviromental Chem., 91,1079–1094 (2009)
  101. Latif M.M.A.E. and Ibrahim A.M., Adsorption , kinetic and equilibrium studies on removal of basic dye from aqueous solutions using hydrolyzed Oak sawdust, Desalin. Water Treat., 6, 252–268 (2009)
  102. Modesto S. et al., Brazil nut shells as a new biosorbent to remove methylene blue and indigo carmine from aqueous solutions, J. Hazard. Mater., 174, 84–92 (2010)
  103. Liu Q., Zheng T., Li N., Wang P. and Abulikemu G., Applied Surface Science Modification of bamboo-based activated carbon using microwave radiation and its effects on the adsorption of methylene blue, Appl. Surf. Sci., 256,3309–3315 (2010)
  104. Yang J. and Qiu K., Preparation of activated carbons from walnut shells via vacuum chemical activation and their application for methylene blue removal, Chem. Eng. J., 165, 209–217 (2010)
  105. Sharma P., Kaur R., Baskar C. and Chung W., Removal of methylene blue from aqueous waste using rice husk and rice husk ash, DES, 259, 249–257 (2010)
  106. Xing Y., Liu D. and Zhang L.P., Enhanced adsorption of Methylene Blue by EDTAD-modified sugarcane bagasse and photocatalytic regeneration of the adsorbent, Desalination, 259, 187–191 (2010)
  107. Yang J. and Qiu K., Preparation of activated carbons from walnut shells via vacuum chemical activation and their application for methylene blue removal, Chem. Eng. J., 165, 209–217 (2010)
  108. Rubı E., Rodrı P., Herrero R. and Vicente M.E.S. De., Adsorption of Methylene Blue on Chemically Modified Algal Biomass: Equilibrium, Dynamic and Surface Data, 5707–5714 (2010)
  109. Bello O.S., Adelaide O.M. and Hammed M.A., Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies of Methylene Blue Removal from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption on Treated Sawdust, Maced. J. Chem. Chem. Eng., 29, 77–85 (2010)
  110. Ijagbemi C.O. et al., Methylene Blue adsorption from aqueous solution by activated carbon: Effect of acidic and alkaline solution treatments, J. Environ. Sci. Heal. , Part A Toxic / Hazard. Subst. Environ., 45, 958–967 (2010)
  111. Belala Z., Jeguirim M., Belhachemi M., Addoun F. and Trouvι G., Biosorption of basic dye from aqueous solutions by Date Stones and Palm-Trees Waste: Kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies, Desalination, 271, 80–87 (2011)
  112. Nasuha N. and Hameed B.H., Adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution onto NaOH-modified rejected tea, Chem. Eng. J., 166, 783–786 (2011)
  113. Patil S., Renukdas S. and Patel N., Removal of methylene blue, a basic dye from aqueous solutions by adsorption using teak tree (Tectona grandis) bark powder, Int. J. Environ. Sci., 1, 711–726 (2011)
  114. Saka Cafer and Sahin O., Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions by using cold plasma- and formaldehyde-treated onion skins Coloration Technology, Color. Technol., 246–255 (2011)
  115. Foo K.Y. and Hameed B.H., Preparation of oil palm (Elaeis) empty fruit bunch activated carbon by microwave-assisted KOH activation for the adsorption of methylene blue, DES, 275, 302–305 (2011)
  116. Foo K.Y. and Hameed B.H., Preparation of activated carbon from date stones by microwave induced chemical activation: Application for methylene blue adsorption, Chem. Eng. J., 170, 338–341 (2011)
  117. Deng H., Lu J., Li G., Zhang G. and Wang X., Adsorption of methylene blue on adsorbent materials produced from cotton stalk, Chem. Eng. J., 172, 326–334 (2011)
  118. Song J., Zou W., Bian Y., Su F. and Han R., Adsorption characteristics of methylene blue by peanut husk in batch and column modes, DES, 265, 119–125 (2011)
  119. Han X., Wang W. and Ma X., Adsorption characteristics of methylene blue onto low cost biomass material lotus leaf, Chem. Eng. J., 171, 1–8 (2011)
  120. El-Sayed G.O., Removal of methylene blue and crystal violet from aqueous solutions by palm kernel fiber,Desalination, 272, 225–232 (2011)
  121. Amri N., Alrozi R., Osman M.S., Nasuha N. and Aman N.S., Waste-based Activated Carbon, in IEEE Symp. Humanit. Sci. Eng. Res., 33–38 (2012)
  122. Oyelude E.O. and Appiah-takyi F., Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution using alkali-modified malted sorghum mash, Turkish J. Eng. Env. Sci., 36, 161–169 (2012)
  123. Saif M., Rehman U., Kim I. and Han J., Adsorption of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution by sugar extracted spent rice biomass, Carbohydr. Polym., 90,1314–1322 (2012)
  124. Ahmed M.J. and Dhedan S.K., Fluid Phase Equilibria Equilibrium isotherms and kinetics modeling of methylene blue adsorption on agricultural wastes-based activated carbons, Fluid Phase Equilib., 317, 9–14 (2012)
  125. Foo K.Y. and Hameed B.H., Dynamic adsorption behavior of methylene blue onto oil palm shell granular activated carbon prepared by microwave heating, Chem. Eng. J., 203, 81–87 (2012)
  126. Feng Y. et al., Methylene blue adsorption onto swede rape straw (Brassica napus L.) modified by tartaric acid: Equilibrium, kinetic and adsorption mechanisms, Bioresour. Technol., 125, 138–144 (2012)
  127. Liu Y., Zhao X., Li J., Ma D. and Han R., Characterization of bio-char from pyrolysis of wheat straw and its evaluation on methylene blue adsorption, Desalin. Water Treat., 46, 115–123 (2012)
  128. Unal Gecgel, Gulce Ozcan, and G.C.G., Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution by Activated Carbon Prepared from pee Shells (Pisum sativum), J. Chem., 1–9 (2013)
  129. AL-Aoh H. a., Yahya R., Jamil Maah M. and Radzi Bin Abas M., Adsorption of methylene blue on activated carbon fiber prepared from coconut husk: isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamics studies, Desalin. Water Treat., 1–13 (2013)
  130. Krishni R.R., Foo K.Y. and Hameed B.H., Desalination and Water Treatment Adsorption of methylene blue onto papaya leaves: comparison of linear and nonlinear isotherm analysis, Desalin. Water Treat., 37–41 (2013)
  131. Wong Y.C., Senan M.S.R. and Atiqah N.A., Removal of Methylene Blue and Malachite Green Dye Using Different Form of Coconut Fibre as Absorbent, J. Basic Appl. Sci., 9, 172–177 (2013)
  132. Boumehdi Toumi L., Hamdi L., Salem Z. and Allia K.,Batch adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solutions by untreated Alfa grass, Desalin. Water Treat.,1–12 (2013)
  133. Patel H. and Vashi R.T., A comparison study of removal of methylene blue dye by adsorption on Neem leaf powder (NLP) and activated NLP, J. Environ. Eng. Landsc. Manag., 21, 36–41 (2013)
  134. Khodaie M., Ghasemi N., Moradi B. and Rahimi M., Removal of Methylene Blue from Wastewater by Adsorption onto ZnCl 2 Activated Corn Husk Carbon Equilibrium Studies, Hindawi Publ. Corp. J. Chem., 6 (2013)
  135. M.K.S. Saidutta, M.B. Murty, V.R.C. and V, K. S. Adsorption of basic Dye from Aqueous Solution using HCl Treated Saw Dust (Lagerstroemia microcarpa): Kinetic, Modeling of Equilibrium, Int. Res. J. Environ. Sci., 2, 6–16 (2013)
  136. Khoo E., Ong S., Hung Y. and Ha S., Removal of basic dyes from aqueous solution using sugarcane bagasse: optimization by Plackett – Burman and Response Surface Methodology, Desalin. Water Treat., 1–11 (2013)
  137. Lakshmipathy R. and Sarada N.C., Adsorptive removal of basic cationic dyes from aqueous solution by chemically protonated watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) rind biomass, Desalin. Water Treat., 1–10 (2013)
  138. Lim L.B.L. et al., Artocarpus odoratissimus skin as a potential low-cost biosorbent for the removal of methylene blue and methyl violet 2B, Desalin. Water Treat., 1–12(2013)
  139. Khoo E., Ong S., Hung Y. and Ha S., Removal of basic dyes from aqueous solution using sugarcane bagasse: optimization by Plackett – Burman and Response Surface Methodology, Desalin. Water Treat., 51, 37–41 (2013)
  140. Kong L., Gong L. and Wang, J. Removal of methylene blue from wastewater using fallen leaves as an adsorbent, Desalin. Water Treat. 1–12 (2013)
  141. Cheng G. et al. Adsorption of methylene blue by residue biochar from copyrolysis of dewatered sewage sludge and pine sawdust, Desalin. Water Treat., 51, 37–41 (2013)