@Editorial
<#LINE#>Cathodes for Electrochemcial Processes (Part - I)<#LINE#>Vasudevan@S<#LINE#>Res.J.chem.sci.<#LINE#>
@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Kinetic, Mechanistic and Thermodynamic aspects of Lidocaine Oxidation by Chloramine-T in Perchloric Acid medium<#LINE#>Jayadevappa@H.P.,Nagendrappa@G.<#LINE#>3-8<#LINE#>1.ISCA-RJCS-2013-035.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Studies in Chemistry, Manasagangotri, University of Mysore, Mysore 570 006, Karnataka, INDIA<#LINE#>4/3/2013<#LINE#>21/4/2013<#LINE#>The kinetics of lidocaine hydrochloride (LC) oxidation by sodium N-chloro p-toluenesulfonamide (CAT) inperchloric acidmedium has been studied at 303K. The reaction stoichiometry was determined and oxidation products were identified. The reaction rate shows a first order dependence on [CAT] and fractional order on [LC] whereas inverse fractional order on [H].  The products of reaction have no considerable effect on the rate. There is a slight negative effect by the dielectric constant. The rate remains same with the variation in the ionic strength of the medium indicating the involvement of non ionic species in rate determining step. There were no free radicals during the course of reaction. Kinetic runs were performed at different temperatures and thermodynamic parameters were computed. A mechanism consistent with observed parameters is proposed and rate law is derive<#LINE#> @ @ Umemoto T., Fukami S., Tomizava G., Harasava K., Kavada K. and Tomita K., Formal electrophillic reactions of fluorine presumably involve alternative Mechanisms, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112, 8563-8575 (1990) @No $ @ @ Kolvari A., Choghamarani A.G., Salehi P., Shirini F. and Zolfigol M A., Applications of N- halo reagents in organic synthesis, J. Iran Chem. Soc., 4(2), 126 (2007) @No $ @ @ Mahadevappa D.S., Ananda S., Murthy A.S.A. and Rangappa K.S., Oxidation of dimethylsulphoxide by sodium m-bromobenzene- sulphonamide: A kinetic and mechanistic study, Tetrahedron, 40(10), 1673 (1984) @No $ @ @ Meenakshi K.M. and Vasant Kumar Pai K., Kinetics of oxidation of metachlopramide with chloramine-T in HClOmedium, E.J. Chem., 6(2), 545-552 (2009) @No $ @ @ Bishop E. and Jennings V.J., Titrimetric analysis with chloramine-T: The status of chloramine-T as a titrimetric reagent, Talanta, , 97 (1958) @No $ @ @ Ramachandrappa R., Iyengar Pushpa and Joseph U. Oxidation of Flavoxate by Chloramine-T in HCl Medium, a Kinetic and Mechanistic Approach, Res.J.Chem. Sci. 2(10), 64-69 (2012) @No $ @ @ Chandrashekar, Venkatesha B.M. and Ananda S., Kinetics of Oxidation of Vitamin-B3 (Niacin) by Sodium N-bromo benzenesulphonamide (Bromamine-B) in HCl Medium and Catalysis by Ru(III) ion, Res.J.Chem. Sci., 2(8), 26-30 (2012) @No $ @ @ Iyengar Pushpa and Ramachandrappa R., Oxidation of Tranexamic Acid by Bromamine – T in HCl Medium Catalyzed by RuCl: A Kinetic and Mechanistic Approach, Res.J.Chem. Sci., 2(7), 7-15 (2012) @No $ @ @ Pfeiffer C.J., Keith J.C., Cho C.H., De Rolf S, Pfeiffer D.C and Misra H.P., Gastric and cardiac protection by lidocaine. Acta Phys. Hung.,73, 129–136 (1989) @No $ @ @ Nasser F.N., Walls J.T., Edwards W.D and Harrison C.E., Reduction in size of experimental myocardial infarction, Am. J. Cardiol.,46, 967–975 (1980) @No $ @ @ Boudolulars H., Karayannacos P.E., Lewis R.P., Kakos G.S., Kilman J.W and Vasko J.S.,Potential effect of lidocaine on ischemic myocardial injury,  J. Surg. Res.,24,469–476 (1978) @No $ @ @ Das K.C and Misra H.P., Lidocaine: Hydroxyl radical scavenger and singlet oxygen quencher, Mol. Cell. Biochem.,115, 179–185 (1992) @No $ @ @ Adcock J. J., Douglas G. J., Garabette M., Gascoigne M., Beatch  G., Walker M. and Page C. P., RSD931, a novel anti-tussive agent acting on airway sensory nerves,Br. J. Pharmacol., 138(3), 407-16 (2003) @No $ @ @ Feig F., Spot tests in organic analysis, 5th ed., Elsevier, Amsterdam, 376 (1956) @No $ @ @ Morris J C, Salazar J A and Wineman M A, J Am Chem Soc., 70, 203 (1948) @No $ @ @  Bishop E and Jennings V J, Talanta,1, 197 (1958) @No $ @ @  Hardy F F and Johnston J P, J Chem Soc., Perkin Trans 2, 742 (1973) @No $ @ @  Pryde B G and Soper F G, J Chem Soc., 1582 (1926) @No $ @ @ Narayanan S S and Rao V R S, Radiochem Acta.,32, 211(1983) @No $ @ @ Subhashini M, Subramanian M N and Rao V R S, Talanta, 32, 1082 (1985) @No $ @ @ Amis E.S., Solvent Effects On Reaction Rates and Mechanism, Academic Press, New York,1672 (1966) @No $ @ @ Laidler, Chemical Kinetics, Tata Mc Graw-Hill, New Delhi, 211(1995) @No $ @ @ Akerlof G., Dielectric constants of some organic solvent-water mixtures at various temperatures, J. Am.Chem. Soc., 54, 4125 (1932) @No
<#LINE#>Synthesis and Characterization of Co 2, Ni 2, Cu 2, Zn 2 and Hg 2 Complexes with 1,1,2,2-tetrakis (Sodium Thioproponate)ethylene<#LINE#>Sabah@M.Mohamed@<#LINE#>9-14<#LINE#>2.ISCA-RJCS-2013-041.pdf<#LINE#>Teacher Oreparation Institute, Ministry of education, Nineveh, IRAQ<#LINE#>19/3/2013<#LINE#>5/5/2013<#LINE#>The new ligand 1,1,2,2-tetrakis(sodium thioproponate) ethylene, has been prepared from the reaction of disodium salt of 3-mercaptoproponic acid and tetrachloroethylene in (4:1) molar ratio. Diand tetranuclear complexes were obtained by direct reaction of the above ligand with Co+2,Ni+2,Cu+2 , Zn+2 and Hg+2 metal ion in (1:2) and (1:4) ligand to metal molar ratio. The prepared complexes were characterization by elemental analysis, spectral studies (FTIR.,UV/vis), magnetic measurements, conductivity measurements. Electronic spectra and magnetic moment values indicate the presence of tetrahedral geometric around the metal ions.<#LINE#> @ @ Liang L.C., Metal complexes of chleating diarylamido phosphine ligands, Coord. Chem. Rev., 250, 1152-1177 (2006) @No $ @ @ Lin S. J., Ho Y.C., Gau, Synthesis, characterization and structure of group 4 metallocene complexes of some difunctional ligands containing oxygen and sulfur donors, J.Chin.Chem.Soc., 46, 539-544 (1999) @No $ @ @ Seleem H.S., Mostafa M., Stefan S.L. and Abdel-Aziz E., Structural Diversity of 3d Complexes of an Isatinic Quinolyl Hydrazone, Res.J.Chem.Sci., 1(5), 67-72 (2011) @No $ @ @ Sinfelt J.H., Bimetallic Catalysis, Wiely,New York, (1983) @No $ @ @ Yousif  E., Farina Y., Grasia A., Salih N. and Salimon J., Structure and Fangicidal activity of some diorganotin (IV) with 2-thioacetic acid -5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxodiazole and benzamidophenyl alanine, Iran, J.Chem.Chem.Eng., 30, 67-72 (2011) @No $ @ @ Yousif E., Farina Y., Kasar K., Grasia A. and Ayid K., Complexes of 2-thioacetic acid benzothiazole with some metal ions, Am.J.Appl.Sci., 6(4), 582-585 (2009) @No $ @ @ Yousif  E., Muaiad F. and Adil H., Synthesis and  characterization 2-yl-sulfanyl)-acetic acid ligand, J.AL-NahrainUniv., 14(1), 44-49 (2011) @No $ @ @ Banger K.K., Duraj S.A., Fanwick P.E., Hehcmann D.G., Hepp A.F. and Mrtocle R.A., Synthsis and structural characterization of novel indium mercapto derivative [ClIn(SCH(COO)2-[4-MePyH)+2, NASAITM,212289 (2004) @No $ @ @ Yousif  E., Aliwi S.M., Ameer A.A. and Ukal J.R., Improved photostability of PVC films in the presence of 2-thioacetic acid -5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxodiazole complexes, Turk J.Chem., 33, 399-410 (2009) @No $ @ @ Buttrus N.H., AL-Smaan S.H. and AL-Asalli S.M., Mono, di-and tri-nuclear complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) with 1,4-bis(sodium thioglycolate) butane, International J. Chem., 20(1), 37-42 (2010) @No $ @ @ Gearvy W.J., The use conductivity measurements in organic solvents for characterization of coordination compounds, Coord.Chem.Rev., , 8-81 (1971) @No $ @ @ Deacon G.B. and Philips R.J. (1980), Thermal characteristic of Cu(II) carboxylates with fatty acid, Coord.Chem.Rev., 23, 227-238 (1980) @No $ @ @ Mostafa M., Metal Chelates of Hydrazone Ligand Chelating Tendencies of 2-carboxphenylhydrazoacetoacetanilide (2-Cphaaa) Ligand, Res.J.Chem.Sci., 1(7), 1-14 (2011) @No $ @ @ Mrinalini L. and Singh A.K.M., Mixed ligand coblt (III) complexes with 1-amidino-o-methylurea and amino acids,Res. J. Chem. Sci., 2(1), 45-49 (2012) @No $ @ @ Chaudhary R. and Shelly, Synthesis, spectral and pharmacological study of Cu(II),Ni(II) and Co(II) coordination complexes, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(15), 1- (2011) @No $ @ @ Bhatti M., Ali S., Huma F. and Shahazadi S., Organo tin (IV) derivatives of N-maleonyl amino acids, Their synthesis and structural elucidation, Turk J.Chem., 29, 463-470 (2005) @No $ @ @ AL-Allaf T.A.K. and Buttrus N.H. Coordination complexes of Uranium (VI),Thorium(IV),Cerium (III) and Lanthanum (III)  with various multidentade ligands, ABATH AL-YAEMOK,,101-110, (1994) @No $ @ @ Nakamoto K., Infrared of inorganic and coordination compounds, 6th Edition, John Wiley New York (1997) @No $ @ @ Saleem H.S., Ramadadan A.A.T., Taha A. and Samy F.,Unreported coordination behavior of a squaric bis(hydrazine) ligand, Res. J.Chem. Sci., 1(4), 109-116 (2011) @No $ @ @ AL-Allaf T.A.K., Buttrus N.H. and Hitchcock P.B., Palladium and Platinum (II) complexes with arylthioethene, Asia.J. Chem.,9(2), 187-194 (1997) @No $ @ @ Hussein S.S., Mostafa M., Stefan S.L. and ABDEL-Aziz E., Structural diversity of 3d complexes of an isatinic quinolyl hydrazine, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(5), 67-72 (2011) @No $ @ @ Cotton F.A., Wilkinson G., Murillo C.A. and Bochmann M., AdvanceInorganic Chemistry, 6th Ed., Joh. Wiley and Sons, New York, 810-842 (1990) @No $ @ @ Buttrus N.H. and Saeed F.T.,Bis (N-methyl benzimidazolium-2-thio) ethane,propane or butane and its Co(II),Ni(II),Cu(II) and Zn(II) ionic salts, International J.Chem., 22(2),117-122 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mohamed A.A., Buttrus N.H. and Younis M.K., New complexes of polyurea with Cu(II), Mn(II)  and Cr(II) (Synthesis and characterization, National J.Chem., 38, 333-348 (2010) @No
<#LINE#>Impact of Mining and Farming activities on Water and Sediment Quality of the Mara river basin, Tanzania<#LINE#>Kihampa@C.,A.@Wenaty<#LINE#>15-24<#LINE#>3.ISCA-RJCS-2013-060.pdf<#LINE#>School of Environmental Science and Technology, Ardhi University, P. O. Box 35176, Dar es Salaam, TANZANIA @ Department of Food Science and Techonology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P. O. Box 3006, Morogoro, TANZANIA <#LINE#>25/4/2013<#LINE#>6/5/2013<#LINE#>The effects of mining and agriculture activities on the accumulation of heavy metals and nutrients in water and sediments of rivers in the Mara river basin were examined. The study aimed at evaluation of the environmental quality of aquatic system in order to ascertain its suitability for human consumption, recreation and other purpose. Heavy metals Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn and Cr concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 0.72 mg/l and 0.01 to 90.58 mg/kg dw were detected in surface water and sediments samples, respectively. Plant nutrients NO and PO3- concentrations ranged from 0.63 to 127.60 mg/l were detected in surface water samples. In most sites, heavy metals and nutrients concentrations detected were above the recommended WHO and national limits for drinking water. Mining wastes were considered to be major sources of heavy metals, while nutrients were considered to originate from agricultural runoff and weathered agricultural soils. All the parameters were measured by standard methods.<#LINE#> @ @ Tilman D., Global environmental impacts of agricultural expansion: The need for sustainable and efficient practices, Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences, USA, 96, 5995–6000 (1999) @No $ @ @ FAO., Water and sustainable agricultural development: A strategy for the implementation of the Mar del Plata action plan for the 1990s, FAO, Rome, (1990) @No $ @ @ Pretty J., Agricultural sustainability: Concepts, principles and evidence, Philos. Trans. 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Standard methods for Examination of water and wastewater, Washington DC, (2005) @No $ @ @ Loredo J., Ordonez A., Galan M., Fernandez-Martinez R., Alvarez R., Olay A., Petit-Dominguez M., Fernandez R.M., Marin S., Gonzalez M.M. and Rucandio M.I., Surface water monitoring in abandoned mercury mine sites in Asturias (Spain): Comparative Studies. 9thInternational Mine Water Congress, 595-601 (2000) @No $ @ @ Bellingham K., Physicochemical Parameters of Natural Waters, Stevens Water Monitoring Systems, Inc. http://www.stevenswater.com, (2013) @No $ @ @ WHO, Guidelines for drinking-water quality: recommendations, 3rd Ed, Vol. 1, Geneva, (2004) @No $ @ @ Ayers R.S. and Westcot D.W., Water quality for agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, (1994) @No $ @ @ Chapman D. and Kimstach, V., Selection of water quality variables, In: D. Chapman, ed. Water quality assessments: a guide to the use of biota, sediments and water in environmental monitoring, London: E & FN Spon, (1996) @No $ @ @ Laws E.A., Toxicity of metals: In aquatic pollution: An introductory text, Willey publication third edition, (2003) @No $ @ @ TBS, Drinking (potable) water: Specification (TZS 789:2003), National Environmental Standards Compendium, Tanzania Bureau of Standards (2003) @No $ @ @ Mushtakova V.M., Fomina V.A. and Rogovin V.V., Toxic effect of heavy metals on human blood neutrophils, Biological Bulletin, 32(3), 276–278 (2005) @No $ @ @ Chen W., Tan S.K. and Tay J.H., Distribution, fractional composition and release of sediment-bound heavy metals in tropical reservoirs, Water, Air, and Soil Pollution,92, 273–287 (1996) @No $ @ @ Adhikari S., Ghosh, L. and Ayyappan S., Combined effects of water pH and alkalinity on the accumulation of lead, cadmium and chromium to Labeo rohita (Hamilton), Intern. J. Environ. Sci. 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<#LINE#>Change in Energy of Hydrogen Bonds upon Excitation of Coumarin 1: TDDFT/EFP1 Method<#LINE#>M.Ramegowda@<#LINE#>25-30<#LINE#>4.ISCA-RJCS-2013-066.pdf<#LINE#>PG Department of Physics, Govt. College (Autonomous), Mandya - 571401, INDIA<#LINE#>27/4/2013<#LINE#>3/5/2013<#LINE#>Density functional theory (DFT)/ Time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations combined with the effective fragment potential (EFP) method have been carried out to study the electronic structure and the exited state properties of Coumarin 1 with three water molecules (C1-(HO) complex). Ground-state geometries are optimized using DFT with B3LYP functional combined with cc-pVDZ basis set and transition energies are computed with same basis set and functional. Three intermolecular hydrogen bonds are formed in C1-(HO) complex, one  N


	\n\r	of C1 with one water molecule and two C=O


	\n\r\r	\n\n\n \n\nin hydrogen bond energy,  HB  of C1-(HO) molecule and HB  for  each HB  of C1-(HO) molecule are calculated separately. Upon excitation of C1-(HO) complex, A type HB is weakened with decrease of 4.783 kJ/mol energy, whereas B type HBs are strengthened with increase of  9.614 kJ/mol energy.  In this theoretical work, it is confirmed again that, due to excitation, intermolecular hydrogen bonds between aminocoumarins and polar solvents are strengthened, not cleaved, as reported by Zhao’s, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Comput. Chem., (2011).<#LINE#> @ @ Liu Y., Ding J., Liu R., Shi D. and Sun J., Changes in energy of three types of hydrogen bonds upon excitation of aminocoumarins determined from absorption solvatochromic experiments, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A, 201, 203 (2009) @No $ @ @ Zhou P., Song P., Liu J., Han K. and He G., Experimental and theoretical study of the rotational reorientation dynamics of 7-aminocoumarin derivatives in polar solvents: hydrogen-bonding effects, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 11, 9440 (2009) @No $ @ @ Liu Y., Ding J., Shi D. and Sun J., Time-dependent density functional theory study on electronically excited states of coumarin 102 chromophore in aniline solvent: reconsideration of the electronic excited-state hydrogen-bonding dynamics, J. Phys. Chem. A, 112, 6244 (2008) @No $ @ @ Miao M. and Shi Y., Reconsideration on hydrogen bond strengthening or cleavage of photoexcited coumarin 102 in aqueous solvent: a DFT/TDDFT study, J. Comput. Chem., 32, 3058 (2011) @No $ @ @ Liu Y-H. and Li P., Excited-state hydrogen bonding effect on dynamic fluorescence of coumarin 102 chromophore in solution: A time-resolved fluorescence and theoretical study, J. 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A, 111, 2469, (2007) @No $ @ @ Zhao G-J. and Han K-L., Hydrogen Bonding and Transfer in the Excited State, John Wiley & Sons Ltd (2011) @No $ @ @ Morimoito A., Yatsuhashi T., Shimada T., Biczok L., Tryk D.A. and Inoue H., Radiationless deactivation of an intramolecular charge transfer excited state through hydrogen bonding: Effect of molecular structure and hard-soft anionic character in the excited state, J. Phys. Chem. A, 105, 10488 (2001) @No $ @ @ Biczok L., Berces T. and Linschitz H., Quenching Processes in Hydrogen-Bonded Pairs: Interactions of Excited Fluorenone with Alcohols and Phenols, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 119, 11071 (1997) @No $ @ @ Kyrychenko A. and Waluk J., Excited-state proton transfer through water bridges and structure of hydrogen-bonded complexes in 1H-pyrrolo[3,2-h]quinoline: adiabatic time-dependent density functional theory study, J. Phys. Chem. A, 110, 11958 (2006) @No $ @ @ Krystkowiak E. and Maciejewski A., Changes in energy of three types of hydrogen bonds upon excitation of aminocoumarins determined from absorption solvatochromic experiments, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 13, 11317 (2011) @No $ @ @ Wang H., Wang M., Liu E., Xin M. and Yang C., DFT/TDDFT study on the excited-state hydrogen bonding dynamics of hydrogen-bonded complex formed by methyl cyanide and methanol, Comput. Theor. Chem., 964, 243, (2011) @No $ @ @ Wang H, Wang M, Xin M, Liu E, Yang C., Excited-state hydrogen bonding dynamics of methyl isocyanide in methanol solvent: A DFT/TDDFT study, Cent. Eur. J. Phys., , 792 (2011) @No $ @ @ Jones II G., Jackson W.R. and Halpern A.M., Medium effects on fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes for coumarin laser dyes, Chem. Phys. Lett., 72, 391 (1980) @No $ @ @ Lopez A.T., Lopez A.F., Tapia M.J. and Arbeloa I.L., Hydrogen-bonding effect on the photophysical properties of 7-aminocoumarin derivatives, J. Phys. 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Phys., 290, 69 (2003) @No $ @ @ Carmona C., Balon M., Galan M., Guardado P. and Munoz M.A., Dynamic Study of Excited State Hydrogen-bonded Complexes of Harmane in Cyclohexane–Toluene Mixtures, Photochem. Photobiol., 76, 239 (2002) @No $ @ @ Carmona C., Balon M., Galan M., Guardado P. and Munoz M.A., Kinetic Study of Hydrogen Bonded Exciplex Formation of N-methyl Harmane, J. Phys. Chem. A, 105, 10334 (2001) @No $ @ @ Day P.N., Jensen J.H., Gordon M.S., Webb S.P., Stevens W.J., Krauss M., Garmer D., Basch H. and Cohen D., An effective fragment method for modeling solvent effects in quantum mechanical calculations, J. Chem. Phys. 105, 1968 (1996) @No $ @ @ Gordon M.S., Freitag M.A., Bandyopadhyay P., Jensen J.H., Kairys V. and Stevens W.J., The Effective Fragment Potential Method: A QM-Based MM Approach to Modeling Environmental Effects in Chemistry, J. Phys. Chem. 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<#LINE#>Optimization of Process Parameters using Response Surface Methodology (RSM): Removal of Cr (VI) from Aqueous Solution by Wood Apple Shell Activated Carbon (WASAC)<#LINE#>Suantak@Kamsonlian,Bipin@Shukla<#LINE#>31-37<#LINE#>5.ISCA-RJCS-2013-083.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemical Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad-211004, UP, INDIA <#LINE#>25/5/2013<#LINE#>17/6/2013<#LINE#>Industries like tannery, electroplating, textiles etc. have large quantities of heavy metal ions in their effluents which are toxic for human beings. Present paper deals with the study of Cr (VI) removal from aqueous solution by wood apple shell activated carbon (WASAC) using batch experiment. The effect of different process parameters like pH, agitation time, adsorbent dosage and initial concentration were determined. The final filtrate of Cr (VI) solution was analyzed by photo-spectrometer with a wavelength of 540 nm. Initially the process parameter was set at an optimum value of pH 2 and max agitation speed of 140 rpm, further WASAC dosage, Cr (VI) initial concentration and agitation time were optimized for their combined effect using Response Surface Method (RSM). RSM method obtained a correlation between these factors and maximum removal of 98% Cr (VI) was achieved at 500 mg of adsorbent dosage (in 50 ml solution), 176.2 min of agitation time and 95.67 mg/L of Cr (VI) concentration, respectively. This investigation results revealed that WASAC can be used as an alternative adsorbents for removal of Cr (VI from aqueous solution. Moreover, wood apple shell is abundantly available in nature and hence economical for heavy metal removal.<#LINE#> @ @ Kortenkamp A., Casadevall M., Faux S.P., Jenner A., Shayer R.O.J., Woodbridge N. and O’brien P., A role for molecular oxygen in the formation of DNA damage during the reduction of the carcinogen chromium (VI) by glutathione, Arch. 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Sci.,2 (1), 372- 375 (2005) @No $ @ @ Espinola A., Adamian R. and Gomes L.M.B., An innovative technology: natural coconut fibre as adsorptive medium in industrial wastewater cleanup, Proc. TMS Fall Extract. and Proc. Conf., 3,  2057-2066 (1999) @No $ @ @ Melo M. and Disouza S.F., Removal of chromium by mucilaginous seeds of Ocimum Basilicu. Bioresour. Technol., 92 (2), 151-155 (2004) @No $ @ @ Marshall W.E. and Champange E.T., Agricultural byproducts as adsorbents for metal ions in laboratory prepared solutions and in manufacturing wastewater, J. Environ. Sci. and Health -Part A Environ. Sci. and Eng.,30 (2), 241-261 (1995) @No $ @ @ Teixeria T., Cesar R., Zezzi  A. and Marco A., Biosorption of heavy metals using rice milling by-products. Characterisation and application for removal of metals from aqueous solutions, Chemosphere,54 (7), 905-915 (2004) @No $ @ @ Saeed A., Iqbal M. and Akhtar M. W., Application of biowaste materials for the sorption of heavy metals in contaminated aqueous medium, Pak. J. of Sci. and Indust. Res., 45 (3), 206-211 (2002) @No $ @ @ Sartape A.S., Raut P.D. and Kolekar S.S., Efficient adsorption of Cr (VI) from aqueous solution on low cost adsorbent developed from Limonia acidissima (Wood apple) shell, Adsorp. Sci. and Technol.,28 (6), 547-560 (2010) @No $ @ @ Altenor S., Carene-Melane B. and Gaspard S. Activated carbons from lignocellulosic waste materials for water treatment: a review,  Int. J. Env. Tech. and Manag., 10(3-4), 308-326 (2009) @No $ @ @ Elizalde G.M.P., Mattusch  J.,  Peláez-Cid, A.A. and Wennrich R., Characterization of adsorbent materials prepared from avocado kernel seeds:  natural, activated and carbonized forms, J. Analy. and Appl. Pyrol.,78 (1), 185-193 (2007) @No $ @ @ Mohamed A.R., Mohammadi M.  and Darzi G.N., Preparation of carbon molecular sieve from lignocellulosic biomass:  A review, Ren. Sus. Ener. Rev., 14(6), 1591-1599 (2010) @No $ @ @ Sharma Y.C. and Weng C.H., Removal of chromium (VI) from water and wastewater by using riverbed sand: Kinetic and equilibrium studies, J. Hazard. Mater. 142, 449–454 (2007) @No $ @ @ Lee S.M., Kim W.G., Laldawngliana C. and  Tiwari D., Removal Behavior of Surface Modified Sand for Cd(II) and Cr(VI) from Aqueous Solutions, J. Chem. Eng. Data,55, 3089–3094 (2010) @No $ @ @ Sharma Y.C., Uma S.N.U. and Weng C.H., Studies on an economically viable remediation of chromium rich waters and wastewaters by PTPS fly ash Colloids and Surfaces, Physicochem. Eng. Aspects,317, 222–228 (2008) @No $ @ @ Sarkar D., Das S.K., Mukherjee P. and Bandyopadhyay A., Proposed Adsorption diffusion model for characterizing chromium(VI) removal using dried water hyacinth roots, Clean – Soil, Air, Water, 38, 764–770 (2010) @No $ @ @ Pehlivan E. and Altun T., Biosorption of chromium (VI) ion from aqueous solutions using walnut, hazelnut and almond shell, J. Hazard. Mater.,155 (2008) @No $ @ @ M. Bansal, D.Singh, V.K. Garg, A comparative study for the removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution by agriculture wastes’ carbons, J. Hazard. Mater, 171, 83–92, (2009) @No $ @ @ Harman G., Patrick R. and Spittler T., Removal of heavy metals from polluted waters using lignocellulosic agricultural waste products, Indust. Biotechnol., (3)4, 366-374 2007 @No $ @ @ Andre I.K. and Mukhopadhyay S., Response surface methodology, WIREs Comp. Stat. (2), 128–149 (2010) @No $ @ @ Bezerraa M.A., Santelli R.E., Oliveira E.P., Villar L.S. and  Escale L.A.E., Response surface methodology (RSM) as a tool for optimization in analytical chemistry, Talanta, (76),965–977 (2008) @No
<#LINE#>Characterization of ZnO and Modified ZnO Catalysts for Anaerobic Oxidation of Cyclohexanol<#LINE#>S.M.@Chaudhari,A.S.@Waghulde,V.@Samuel,M.L.@Bari,V.R.@Chumbhale<#LINE#>38-44<#LINE#>6.ISCA-RJCS-2013-089.pdf<#LINE#>University Institute of Chemical Technology, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon – 425001, INDIA Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411008, INDIA<#LINE#>5/6/2013<#LINE#>22/6/2013<#LINE#> Cyclohexanone is an important intermediate because of its use in the manufacture of e-caprolactum which is used for the production nylon 6. In the present work ZnO which acts as a amphoteric oxide is synthesized in the laboratory and characterized by XRD and BET surface area. This was modified by metal impregnation using aqueous solutions of sodium and boron salts qualitatively and quantitatively. The samples were calcined in the muffle furnace and were subjected to XRD investigation to check formation of new inorganic phases on impregnation. The ZnO and modified ZnO catalysts were screened using a downflow integral laboratory reactor at identical experimental parameters at atmospheric pressure. The effect of temperature, flow rate and type and quantity of metal loading on activity and selectivity of the title reaction studied. Activation energy, thermodynamic properties of parent and modified catalysts are evaluated. A rate equation has been applied. The inorganic phases responsible for dehydration and dehydrogenation of cyclohexanol are identical using JCPDS diffraction files.<#LINE#> @ @ The Merck Index, 7th Edn (Merck and Co, Rahway, N J, USA), (1960) @No $ @ @ Weissermel K. and Arpe H.J., Industrial Organic Chemistry (Verlag Chemie-Weinhein, New York) (1978) @No $ @ @ El-Sharkawy E.A. and Al-Shihry S.S., Preparation of butyl acetate using solid acid catalysts: textural and structural characterization, Mater Lett, 58, 2122 (2004) @No $ @ @ Ji D., Zhu W., Wang Z. and Wang G., Dehydrogenation of cyclohexanol on Cu–ZnO/SiO2 catalysts: The role of copper species, Catal Commun, , 1981 (2007) @No $ @ @ Zheng H.Y., Zhu Y.L., Huang L., Zeng Z.Y., Wang H.J. and Li Y.W., Study on Cu–Mn–Si catalysts for synthesis of cyclohexanone and 2-methylfuran through the coupling process, Catal Commun, 9, 342 (2008) @No $ @ @ Shi Q., Liu N. and Liang Y., Preparation of MgO-Supported CuO Catalyst and Its Catalytic Properties for Cyclohexanol Dehydrogenation, Chin J Catal, 28, 57 (2007) @No $ @ @ Nagaraja B.M., Siva Kumar V., Shashikala V., Padmasri A.H., Reddy S.S., Raju B.D. and Rao K.S.R., Effect of method of preparation of copper – magnesium oxide catalyst on the dehydrogenation of cyclohexanol, J Mol Catal, 223, 339 (2004) @No $ @ @ Cesar D.V., Perez C.A., Maria V., Salim M. and Schmal M., Stability and selectivity of bimetallic Cu–Co/SiOcatalysts for cyclohexanol dehydrogenation, Appl Catal, 176, 205 (1999) @No $ @ @ Mendes F.M.T. and Schmal M., The cyclohexanol dehydrogenation on Rh-CuAl catalysts Part 1, Characterization of the catalyst, Appl Catal,151, 393 (1997) @No $ @ @ Ilyas M. and Ikramullah, Dehydrogenation of cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone catalysed by Y/ZrO: activation energy, Catal Commun, 5(1), 1 (2004) @No $ @ @ Choudhary V.R., Rane V.H. and Chaudhari S.T., Factors influencing activity/selectivity of La-promoted MgO catalyst prepared from La- and Mg- acetates for oxidative coupling of methane, Fuel, 79, 1487 (2000) @No $ @ @ Vyawhare Y.K., Chumbhale V.R., Pardhy S.A., Samuel V., Aswar A.S., Gas-phase oxidant-free oxidation of cyclohexanol over V-MoO-MO (M = Na, K, Cs) catalysts, IJCT, 17, 43-49 (2010) @No $ @ @ The Merck Index, 13th Edition, Merck & CO. Inc., White House, Station NJ USA, 27-57 (2001) @No $ @ @ Fridman V.Z. and Davydor A.A., Dehydrogenation of Cyclohexanol on Copper-Containing Catalysts: I. The Influence of the Oxidation State of Copper on the Activity of Copper Sites, J. Catal, 195(1), 20-30 (2000) @No $ @ @ Powder Diffraction File, Inorganic Phases (JCPDS International Centre for Diffraction Data, Swarthmore Publishers, PA, USA), (1989) @No $ @ @ Octave Levenspiel, Chemical Reaction Engineering, 2ndedition, Wiley Eastern, (1972) @No
<#LINE#>Facile Synthesis of Novel C-3 Monosubstituted 3-phenylthio-&#946;-lactams<#LINE#>S.S.@Bari,Aman@Bhalla,P.@Venugopalan,Qudrat@Hundal<#LINE#>45-53<#LINE#>7.ISCA-RJCS-2013-092.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, INDIA<#LINE#>6/6/2013<#LINE#>26/6/2013<#LINE#>An efficient and operationally simple strategy for the synthesis of C-3 monosubstituted monocyclic -lactams is described. Treatment of ethyl 2-phenylthioethanoate (1) with SOCl in dry methylene chloride at 0C yields ethyl 2-chloro-2-phenylthioethanoate(2). Lewis acid (TiCl, SnCl and ZnCl) mediated functionalization of (2) using various aliphatic and aromatic compounds (nucleophiles) gives monosubstituted phenythioethanoates (3a-e). These esters on basic hydrolysis and subsequent acidification gave monosubstituted phenythioethanoic acids (4a-e). Reaction of these phenythioethanoic acids and appropriate imines in the Staudinger reaction using POCl as condensing agent led to the synthesis of novel C-3 monosubstituted 3-phenylthio-&#946;-lactams. <#LINE#> @ @ Chu D. T. W., Plattner J. J. and Katz L., New Directions in Antibacterial Research, J. Med. Chem., 39, 3853 (1996) @No $ @ @ Southgate R., Contemp. Org. Synth., , 417(1994) @No $ @ @ de Kimpe N., In Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry II, Padwa A., Ed., Elsevier: Oxford, UK, 536 (1996) @No $ @ @ Burnett D. A., Caplen M. A., Davis H. R. Jr., Burrie R. E. and Clader J. W., 2-Azetidinones as inhibitors of cholesterol absorption, J. Med. Chem., 37, 1733 (1994) @No $ @ @ Han W. T., Trehan A. K., Wright J. J. K., Federici M. E., Seiler S. M. and Meanwell N. A., Azetidin-2- one derivatives as inhibitors of thrombin, Bioorg. Med. Chem., , 1123, (1995) @No $ @ @ Smith D. M., Kazi A., Smith L., Long T. E., Heldreth B., Turos E. and Dou Q. P., A Novel -Lactam Antibiotic Activates Tumor Cell Apoptotic Program by Inducing DNA Damage, Mol. Pharmacol., 61, 1348 (2002) @No $ @ @ Shah S. H., Patel P. S., Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Azetidin-2-one Containing Pyrazoline Derivatives, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 2(7), 62, (2012) @No $ @ @ Mulongo G., Mbabazi J., Odongkara B., Twinomuhwezi H. and Mpango G. B., New biologically active compoundsfrom 1, 3-diketones, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(3), 102, (2011) @No $ @ @ Mulongo  G., Mbabazi J., Nnamuyomba P., Mpango G. B., Further Biologically Active Derivatives of 1, 3-Diketones, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(5), 80, (2011) @No $ @ @ Abdoulaye D., Martin K., Moussa C.,  Léopold K., Odile N. G., Jean-Pierre A.,  Adama S.,  Antioxidant potentialities of 4-acyl isochroman-1,3-diones, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(5), 88, (2011) @No $ @ @ Bhalla A., Venugopalan P. and Bari S. S., Facile stereoselective synthesis of cis- and trans-3-alkoxyazetidin-2-ones, Tetrahedron, 62, 8291 (2006) @No $ @ @ Bhalla A., Madan S.,Venugopalan P. and Bari S. S., C-3 lactam carbocation equivalents: versatile synthons for C-3 substituted -lactams, Tetrahedron, 62, 5054 (2006) @No $ @ @ Bhalla A., Rathee S., Madan S.,Venugopalan P. and Bari S. S., Lewis acid mediated functionalization of -lactams: mechanistic study and synthesis of C-3 unsymmetrically disubstituted azetidin-2-ones, Tetrahedron Lett., 47, 5255 (2006) @No $ @ @ Bhalla A., Sharma S., Bhasin K. K. and Bari S. S., Convenient preparation of Benzylseleno- and Phenylselenoalkanoic acids: Reagents for synthesis of Organoselenium compounds, Synth. Commun.,37, 783 (2007) @No $ @ @ Bari S. S., Reshma, Bhalla A. and Hundal G., Stereoselective synthesis and Lewis acid mediated functionalization of novel 3-methylthio--lactams, Tetrahedron,65, 10060 (2009) @No $ @ @ Bari S. S.  and Bhalla A., Spirocyclic -lactams: synthesis and biological evaluation of novel heterocycles, Topics In Heterocyclic Chemistry: Heterocyclic Scaffolds I Lactams, Banik B. K., Ed., Springer-Verlog Berlin Heidelberg, Germany, 22, 49, ch. 2 (2010) @No $ @ @ Bhalla A., Bari S. S., Vats S. and Sharma M. L., Facile and stereoselective synthesis of novel trans-3-monosubstituted-3-benzylseleno-&#946;-lactams, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 2(1), 59(2012) @No $ @ @ Bari S. S., Venugopalan P. and Arora R., A facile Lewis acid-promoted allylation of azetidin-2-ones, Tetrahedron Lett., 44, 895 (2003) @No $ @ @ Crystal data for 6h: monoclinic, P2/c; a=12.083(1) Å, b=18.480(2) Å, c=11.973(2) Å; =90°, =119.31(2)°, =90°; V=2331.4(5) Å; Z=4; calcd=1.275 Mg/m; (Mo )= 0.171 mm-1; full matrix least square on F, R=0.0446, wR=0.0947 for 2953 reflections [I&#65533;2(I)]. Crystallographic data (excluding structure factors) for the structure 6h in this paper have been deposited with the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre as supplementary publication number CCDC 929819 @No $ @ @ Kennedy M. and McKervey M. A., Oxidation Adjacent to Sulfur In Comprehensive Organic Synthesis, Trost B. M., Ed., Pergamon Press, , 193 (1991) @No $ @ @ Dilworth B. M. and McKervey M. A., Organic synthesis with -chlorosulfides, Tetrahedron, 42, 3731 (1986) @No $ @ @ Mori I., Bartllett P. A. and Heathcock C. H., High diastereofacial selectivity in nucleophilic additions to chiral thionium ions, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 109, 7199 (1987) @No $ @ @ Trost B. M. and Sato T., Dimethyl(methylthio)sulfonium tetrafluoroborate initiated organometallic additions to and macrocyclizations of thioketals, J. Am. Chem. 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<#LINE#>Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Palm Kernel Shell by Chemical Activation<#LINE#>S.E.@Abechi,C.E@Gimba,A@Uzairu,Y.A.@Dallatu<#LINE#>54-61<#LINE#>8.ISCA-RJCS-2013-095.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, NIGERIA<#LINE#>9/6/2013<#LINE#>25/6/2013<#LINE#>This work investigates the effect of change in temperature and time of activation on physicochemical properties of activated carbon prepared from palm kernel shell by chemical activation. The experimental design yielded nine activated carbons which were characterized by standard methods, including SEM examinations and FTIR analysis to study the surface morphology and to analyze the functional groups on the prepared carbons surface respectively.  The BET surface area, obtained from nitrogen gas adsorption ranged from 17 to 217 g/m. The BET surface area of the prepared activated carbons was in the order:A1 > A2 > A3 > C1 > B3 > B1 > B2 > C3 > C2.The nitrogen gas adsorption also showed that samples A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3 and C1 conform to type 1 of IUPAC isotherm classification while samples C2 and C3 conform to type II isotherm.  The carbonized sample, (CC), exhibit type III isotherm. Result shows that the best condition for the preparation of activated carbon for adsorption from palm kernel shell using KOH as activating agent be 800C for 45 minutes, taking into cognizance the feasibility of scaling up production.<#LINE#> @ @ Guzel F. and Uzum I., Determination of the Microscope structure of Activated Carbon by Adsorption of Various Dyestuffs from Aqueous Solution, Turkj. Chem., 26, 367-377 (2002) @No $ @ @ Joshi S., Adhikari M., Pokharel B.P. and Pradhananga R.R., Effects of Activating Agents on the Activated Carbons Prepared from Lapsi Seed Stone, Res.J.Chem. Sci.,2(10),80-86 (2012) @No $ @ @ Shrestha R.M., Yadav A.P, Pokharel B.P. and Pradhananga R.R., Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Lapsi (Choerospondias axillaris) Seed Stone by Chemical Activation with Phosphoric acid, Res. J. Chem. Sci.,3(3), 34-41 (2013) @No $ @ @ Sirichote O., Innajitara W., Chuenchom L., Chunchit D. and Naweekan K., Adsorption of iron (III) ion on activated carbons obtained from bagasse, pericarp of rubber fruit and coconut shell, Songkanakarin J.Sci.Technol., 24(2), 235-242 (2002) @No $ @ @ Collins J.C., Zain M.F.H. and Dek F.S., Treatment of landfill leachate in Kayumadang, sabah: textural and physical characterization (Part I), Malaysia Journal of Analytical Science,10(1), 1-6 (2006) @No $ @ @ Okieimen F.E., Ojokoh F.I., Okieimen C.O. and Wuana R.A., Preparation and evaluation of activated carbon from rice husk and rubber seed shell, Chemclass Journal,2, 191–196 (2004) @No $ @ @ Bansal C.R. and Goyal M., Activated carbon adsorption, Taylor and Francis, London 1-3 (2005) @No $ @ @ Tsai W.T., Chang C.Y., Wang S.Y., Chang C.F., Chien S.F. and Sun H.F., Preparation of activated carbons from corn cob catalyzed by potassium salts and subsequent gasification with CO, Bioresource Technology, 78, 203-208 (2001) @No $ @ @ Losso N.J., Ng C., Marshall E.M. and Rao M.R., Physical and chemical properties of agricultural by-product-based activated carbons and their ability to adsorb geosmin,Bioresource and Technology, 84, 177-185 (2002) @No $ @ @ Seo W.C., Kermit W., Yang H. and Marshall E.W., Selected metal adsorption by activated carbon made from peanut shells, Bioresource and Technology, 97, 2266-2270 (2006) @No $ @ @ Vitidsant T., Suravattanasakul T. and Damrouglerd S., Production of activated carbon from palm oil shell by pyrolysis and steam activation in a fixed bed reactor, ScienceAsia, 25, 211-222 (1999) @No $ @ @ Dina D.J.D, Ntieche A.R, Ndi J.N. and Ketcha M.J., Adsorption of Acetic acid onto Activated Carbons obtained from Maize cobs by Chemical Activation with Zinc chloride (ZnCl), Res.J.Chem.Sci.,2(9), 42-49 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ismadji S.H., Sudaryanto Y. and Hartono S.B., High surface area activated carbon prepared from cassava peel by chemical activation, Bioresource and Technology, 97, 734-739 (2006) @No $ @ @ Bansode R.R., Losso J.N, Marshall W.E., Rao R.M. and Portier J.R., Adsorption of metal ions by Pecan Shell-based GACs, Bioresource Technology,89, 115–119 (2003) @No $ @ @ Lima M.I. and Marshall E.W., Granular activated carbon from broiler manure: physical, chemical and adsorptive properties, Bioresource Technology,96, 699-706 (2005) @No $ @ @ Rao R.M., Bansode R.R., Losso J.N., Marshall W.E. and Portier R.J., Adsorption of volatile organic compounds by pecan shell and almond shell-based granular activated carbons, Bioresource Technology, 90, 175-184 (2003) @No $ @ @ Balakrishnan M. and Satyawali Y., Removal of color from biomethanated distillery spentwash by treatment with activated carbons, Bioresource Technology 98, 2629-2635 (2007) @No $ @ @ Vasu E.A. Surface modification of activated carbon for enhancement of Nickel (II) adsorption, E- Journal of Chemistry,5(4), 814 – 819 (2008) @No $ @ @ Li L., Effect of activated carbon surface chemistry and pore structure on the adsorption of trace organic contaminants from aqueous solution, Ph.D Dissertation, North Carolina State University (2002) @No $ @ @ Anirudhan T.S. and Krishnan K.A., Removal of Cd2+ from aqueous solution by Steam-activated sulphurised carbon prepared from sugar-cane bagasse pith: Kinetics and equilibrium studies, Water SA,29(2), 147–156 (2003) @No $ @ @ Karthika C. and Sekar M., Comparison studies of Adsorption Properties on Ni (II) Removal by Strong and Weak acid Cation-exchange Resins, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 3(3), 65-69 (2013) @No $ @ @ Shen W., Li Z. and Liu Y., Surface chemical functional groups modification of porous carbon, Recent Patents on Chemical Engineering, , 27-40 (2008) @No $ @ @ Bansal M., Singh D., Garg V.K. and Pawan R., Use of agricultural waste for the removal of Nickel ions from aqueous solutions: equilibrum and kinetic studies,Proceedings of International Conference on energy and Environment, march 19-21 (2009) @No $ @ @ Rao R.M., Ahmedna M. and Marshall W.E., Surface properties of granular activated carbons from agricultural by-products and their effects on raw suger decolorization,Bioresource Technology, 71, 103-112 (2000) @No $ @ @ Viswanthan B., Mahalakshmy R. and Indraneel P., Surface functionalities of nitric acid treated carbon – A density functional theory based vibrational analysis, Indian Journal of Chemistry,48A, 352-356 (2009) @No $ @ @ Al-Mamun M.,, Poostforush M, Mukul S.A. and Subhan M.A., Isotherm and Kinetics of As(III) Uptake from Aqueous Solution by Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Res. J. Chem. Sci. 3(3), 34-41, (2013) @No
<#LINE#>Generation of Hematite Nanoparticles via Sol-Gel Method<#LINE#>Samira@Bagheri,Chandrappa@K.G.,Hamid@SharifahBeeAbd<#LINE#>62-68<#LINE#>9.ISCA-RJCS-2013-097.pdf<#LINE#>Nanotechnology and Catalysis research centre (NANOCAT), IPS Building, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA<#LINE#>17/6/2013<#LINE#>27/6/2013<#LINE#>Nanocrystalline -Fe (hematite) particles were successfully synthesized by sol-gel method using gelatin as a polymerizing agent. The main advantage of using gelatin is that it provides long-term stability for nanoparticles and by preventing the particles agglomeration. The precursor compound was calcined at a temperature of 600°C. The shape, size and chemical state of the synthesized powders were structurally characterized by TGA, SEM, TEM, powder XRD, FT-IR and UV–Vis spectral techniques. The thermal behavior of precursor compound was studied by using TGA results. Uniform spherical like morphology was confirmed by SEM photomicrographs and TEM result revealed the particle morphology was pseudo spherical in nature and particle sizes was around 30–40 nm. The UV–Visible spectrum was noticed the absorption and also the band gap is around 2.2 eV. The sol-gel synthesized -Fe powder was simple, cost effective and eco-friendly in nature and also can be extended to prepare nanosized particles of other interesting materials.<#LINE#> @ @ Zhang X., Janekhe S.A. and Perlstein J., Nanoscale Size Effects on Photoconductivity of Semiconducting Polymer Thin Films, Chem. Mater, 8, 1571-1574 (1996) @No $ @ @ Fendler J.H., Self-assembled nanostructured materials,Chem Mat, 8, 1616-1624 (1996) @No $ @ @ Madhusudhana N., Yogendra K. and Mahadevan K. M.,Photocatalytic Degradation of Violet GL2B Azo dye by using Calcium Aluminate Nanoparticle in presence of Solar light, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 2(5), 72-77 (2012) @No $ @ @ Tjong S.C. and Chen H., Nanocrystalline Materials and Coatings, Mater. Sci. Eng. R, 45(1-2), 1-88 (2004) @No $ @ @ Andres R.P., Bielefeld J.D., Henderson J.I., Janes D.B.,Kolagunta V.R., Kubiak C.P., Mahoney W.J. and Osifchin R.G., Self-Assembly of a Two-Dimensional Superlattice of Molecularly Linked Metal Clusters, Science, 273, 1690-1693 (1996) @No $ @ @ Kamat P.V., Photochemical and photocatalytic aspects of metal nanoparticles, J PhysChem B, 106, 7729-7744(2002) @No $ @ @ Perenboom J.A.A.J., Wyder P. and Meier F., Electronic properties of small metallic particles, Phys Rep, 78(2),173-292 (1981) @No $ @ @ Pawar M.J., Nimbalkar V.B., Synthesis and phenol degradation activity of Zn and Cr doped TiO2 Nanoparticles, Res.J.chem.sci., 2(1), 32-37 (2012) @No $ @ @ Santhanalakshmi J. and Komalavalli R., Visible Light Induced Photocatalytic Degradation of some Textile Dyes Using Silver Nano Particles, Res.J.chem.sci., 2(4), 64-67(2012) @No $ @ @Baoliang L.V., Xu Y., Wu D. and Sun Y., Preparation of a- Fe2O3 nanodisks by blocking the growth of (001) plane, J Mater Sci Technol, 25(2), 155-158 (2009) @No $ @ @Hua J. and Gengsheng J., Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of monodisperse a-Fe2O3 nanoparticles,Mater Lett, 63(30), 2725-2727 (2009) @No $ @ @ Zhu L.-P., Xiao H.-M. and Fu S.-Y., Template-Free Synthesis of monodispersed and single-crystalline cantaloupe-like Fe2O3 superstructures, Crystal Growth & Design, 7(2), 177–182 (2007) @No $ @ @ Gu J., Li S., Wang E., Li Q., Sun G., Xu R. and Zhang H.,Single-crystalline a-Fe2O3 with hierarchical structures:Controllable synthesis, formation mechanism and photocatalytic properties, J Solid State Chem, 182(5),1265-1272 (2009) @No $ @ @ Jiao F., Harrison A., Jumas J.-C., Chadwick A.V.,Kockelmann W. and Bruce P.G., Ordered Mesoporous Fe2O3 with Crystalline Walls, J Am Chem Soc, 128(16), 5468–5474 (2006) @No $ @ @ Tang B., Wang G., Zhuo L., Ge J. and Cui L., Facile Route to a-FeOOH and a-Fe2O3 Nanorods and Magnetic Property of a-Fe2O3 Nanorods, Inorg Chem, 45(13), 5196–5200(2006) @No $ @ @ Chen D.H., Jiao X.L. and Chen D.R., Solvothermal Synthesis of a-Fe2O3 Particles with Different Morphologies, Mater Res Bull, 36, 1057-1064 (2001) @No $ @ @ Deb P., Basumallick A., Chatterjee P. and Sengupta S.P., Preparation of a-Fe2O3 nanoparticles from a nonaqueous precursor medium, Scr Mater, 45, 341-346 (2001) @No $ @ @ Zhao T., Chen D.H. and Chen D.R., Chin Chem Lett, 14, 323 (2003) @No $ @ @ Xiong Y., Li Z., Li X., Hu B. and Xie Y., Thermally Stable Hematite Hollow Nanowires, Inorg Chem, 43, 6540-6542(2004) @No $ @ @ Li G.S., Smith R.L., Inomata H. and Arai K., Preparation and magnetization of hematite nanocrystals with amorphous iron oxide layers by hydrothermal conditions, Mater Res Bull, 37(5), 949-955 (2002) @No $ @ @ Cao M., Liu T., Gao S., Sun G., Wu X., Hu C. and Wang Z.L., Single-Crystal Dendritic Micro-Pines of Magnetic a- Fe2O3: Large-Scale Synthesis, Formation Mechanism, And Properties, Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 44, 2-6 (2005) @No $ @ @ Chandrappa K. G. and Venkatesha T. V., Electrochemical bulk synthesis of Fe3O4 and a-Fe2O3 nanoparticles and its Zn–Co–a–Fe2O3 composite thin films for corrosion protection, Mater. Corr, 63, 1-13 (2012) @No $ @ @ He C., Sasaki T., Shimizu Y. and Koshizaki N., Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using nanosecond pulsed laser ablation in aqueous media and their self-assembly towards spindle-like ZnO aggregates, Applied Surface Science, 254(7), 2196–2202 (2008) @No $ @ @ Yu J. and Yu X., Hydrothermal Synthesis and Photocatalytic Activity of Zinc Oxide Hollow Spheres,Environ. Sci. Technol, 42(13), 4902–4907 (2008) @No $ @ @ Hoffmann M. R., Martin S. T., Choi W. and Bahnemann D. W., Environmental Applications of Semiconductor Photocatalysis, Chemical Reviews, 95(1), 69-96 (1995) @No 
<#LINE#>Synthesis of Silver Sulphide Nanoparticles by Modified Chemical Route For Solar Cell Applications<#LINE#>U.M.@Jadhav,S.N.@Patel,R.S.@Patil<#LINE#>69-74<#LINE#>10.ISCA-RJCS-2013-102.pdf<#LINE#>PSGVPM’S Arts, Science and Commerce College Shahada, Dist- Nandurbar-425409 MS INDIA @ SPDM Arts SBB & SHD Commerce and SMA Science College, Shirpur, Dhule-425405, MS, INDIA<#LINE#>22/6/2013<#LINE#>28/6/2013<#LINE#> Modified chemical bath deposition technique has been implemented for the deposition of silver sulphide thin (CBD) method onto the glass and fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass substrate from an aqueous alkaline bath at room temperature (300K). The deposition bath consists of silver nitrate, thiourea and ammonia. The preparative parameters such as ion concentration, deposition time, pH of solution, were optimized for Ag2S thin films. The as deposited films on glass substrate were studied for their structural, surface morphological, optical and electrical properties using techniques such as X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical absorption and dc two probe method. The photoelectrochemical (PEC) investigations of AgS films were carried out by using chemical cell configuration  n- Ag2S /1M/NaOH-NaS-S/Pt. and the nanocrystalline films were found to be photoactive in polysulphide solution. The dynamic current–voltage (I–V) characteristic   was examined at room temperature. The photovoltaic output characteristics were used to calculate the fill factor (FF) and power conversion efficiency (). The photovoltaic conversion efficiency of the thin film was found to be 0.002%  with n-type conductivity.<#LINE#> @ @ Munoz J.A., C. Gomez, A. Ballester, M.L. Blazquez, F. Gonzalez, M. Figueroa, Electrochemical behavior of   chalcopyrites in  the presence of silver and  sulfolobus  bacteria., J. Appl. Electrochem. 28), 49 (1998) @No $ @ @ Brelle M. C., Zhang J .Z., J. Femtostudy of photoinduced electron dynamics in AgI and core shell structured AgI/ Ag2S and AgI/Ag2S colloidal particles, Chem. Phys., 108), 3119 (1998) @No $ @ @ Hsu T., Buhay H., Murarka N., Caracterisation of Ag2S thin films in millimeter wavelength region., SPIE (259), 38 (1980) @No $ @ @ Cope R.G., Oldsmid H.J., Thermal switching in  silversulphide and some of its alloys, Bri J Appl Phys, 16), 1501 (1965) @No $ @ @ Wanger C., Investigations on silversulphide, J Chem Phys, 21), 1819 (1953) @No $ @ @ Dhumare S.S.and Lokhande., Preparation and characterisation fo chemically deposited AgS thin films, Sol.Energy Mater.and Sol.Cells, (28), 159-166 (1992) @No $ @ @ Dhumure S. S., Lokhande C.D., Studies on PEC storage ceells formed with chemically depositd CdSe and AgS thin films, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells,(29), 183 (1993) @No $ @ @ Dhumure S. S., Lokhande C.D. Redox storage cells formed with chemically deposited AgS electrodes, Thin Solid Films, (240), 1 (1994) @No $ @ @ Pathan H. M., Salunke P. V., Sankpal B. R. and Lokhande C. D., Photoelectrochemical investgation of AgS thin films deposited by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction method, Mater. Chem. and Phys., (72), 105-108 (2011) @No $ @ @ Sankapal B. R., Mane R. S., Lokhande C. D., Preparation and characterisatio of AgS thin films by SILAR process, Mater. Chem. Phys., (63), 226 (2000) @No $ @ @ Nozaki H., Onoda M., Yukino K., Kurashima K., Kosuda K., Maki H., Hishita S.,Epitaxial growth of AgS films on MgO., J. Sol. State Chem., (177), 1165 (2004) @No $ @ @ El-Nahass M. M., Farag A. A.  M., Ibrahim E.M., Abd-El-Rahman S., Structural, optical and electrical properties of thermally evaporated AgS thin films., Vacuum, (72), 453-460 (2004) @No $ @ @ Chen M., Xie Y., Chen H.Y., Qiao Z.P., Qian Y.T., Preparation and characterization of metal sulfides in ethylenediammine under ambient condition through array irradiation route., J. of Colloid Interf. Sci., (237), 47 (2001) @No $ @ @ Deshmukh L. P., Palve A. B. and  Sawant V. S., An arsenic doped solar cells., Sol. Energy Mater.28) 1-10 (1990) @No $ @ @ Patil R.S., Lokhande C.D., Pathan H.M., Oh-Shimjoo, Sung-Hwan. Han, Successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) trend for nanocrystalline mercury sulfide thin films growth, Material Science and Eng. B, 129, 59-63 (2006) @No $ @ @ Nicolaue Y.F., Solution deposition of thin solid compound films by a successive ionic-layer adsorption and reaction process, Appl. Surf. Sci., (22),1061-1074 (1985) @No $ @ @ Yashar Azizian Kalandaragh, Murador M. B., Ali Kaodayari, Growth process and investigation of some physical properties of CdS nanocrystals formed in polymer matrix by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method, J. Cryst. Growth,(305), 175 (2007) @No $ @ @ Jadhav U.M., Patel S.N. and Patil R.S., Chemical synthesis of nanocrystalline silversulphide thin films for solar cell application, Inverties J. of Ren. Energy, (), 15-25(2013). @No $ @ @ Patil P.S., Lokhande C.D. and Pawar S.H., Electrodeposition of silver sulphide thin films, Bulletin of Electrochemistry, (5) 842-844 (1989) @No $ @ @ McCandless B.E, Dobson K.D, Processing option for CdTe thin film for solar cells, Sol. Energy, (77), 839-856 @No $ @ @ Kaelin M, Rudmann D, Tiwari A. N, Low cost processing of CIGS solar cells, Sol Energy, (77), 749-756 (2004) @No $ @ @ Lokhande C. D, Sankapal B. R, Pathan H. M, Giersig M, Tributch  H, Structural studies on successive ionic layer adsorption deposited thin films, Appl Surf Sci, (181) 277-282 (2001) @No $ @ @ Suryanarayan C, Structure and properties of nanocrystalline materials, Bull Mater Sci, (17) 307-346 (1994) @No $ @ @ Henglein A, Silver nanoparticles in organic synthesis, Chem Rev, (89),1861-1873 (1989) @No $ @ @ Fukuka A, Sakamoto Y, Guan S, Ingaki S, Sugimoto N, Fukushima Y, Hirahara K,  Lijima S, KIkawa M, J Amer Chem Soc, (123), 3373-3374 (2001) @No $ @ @ Patil R.S., Lokhande C.D., Mane R.S., Pathan H.M., Oh-Shim and Han S. H.Successive ionic layer adsorption  and  reaction  (SILAR) trend for nanocrystlline mercury sulphide thin films growth, Material Sci. and Eng. B. (129), 59-63 (2006) @No $ @ @ Kawar S.S., Chalcogenide thin film having nanometer grain size for  photovoltaic  applications, Research  journal of chemical sciences, 1(8), 31-35 (2011) @No
<#LINE#>Emission of Atmospheric Pollutants during IOCL-Sitapur, Jaipur fire 2009, India<#LINE#>Manish@Sharma,SunilK.@Mishra<#LINE#>75-79<#LINE#>11.ISCA-RJCS-2013-104.pdf<#LINE#>Research and Technology Development Centre, Sharda University, Greater Noida - 201 306 INDIA<#LINE#>7/6/2013<#LINE#>28/6/2013<#LINE#>In Jaipur on 29 October 2009 around 6.00 pm it was reported a fire accident at Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) located at Sitapur. Due to this huge fire accident a very high fire flames up to 70 ft were seen which results emission of black plumes nearby areas. This anthropogenic fire accident killed few and injured lots of people. It was reported that due to IOCL fire accident some of the people living in the surrounding villages suffered eye irritation, rashes and were also rushed to the nearest hospital for emergency care. The significant effect on the air quality in Jaipur and nearby area of IOCL Sitapur i.e. Pratap Nagar, Delawas, Mathurawala village, Shivdaspura, and Chokhi Dhani had been studied. It was observed that the increasing values of primary pollutants i.e. SPM (Suspended Particulate Matter), RSPM (Respiratory suspended particulate matter)NO and SO whereas the rising trend of Total Ozone Column (TOC) and CO mixing ratio support the validation. <#LINE#> @ @ Chen X. and Stewart P.S., Biofilm removal caused by chemical treatments, Water Res., 34, 4229–4233 (2000) @No $ @ @ Delhomenie M.C. and Heitz M., Biofiltration of air: a review, Critical Rev. Biotechnol., 25, 53–72 (2005) @No $ @ @ Pandey Bhawana and Fulekar M.H., Environmental Management- strategies for chemical disaster, Res.J.Chem.Sci.,1(1), 111-117 (2011) @No $ @ @ Yousefi D., Darvishi G., and Haghighi F. Estimation of Air Pollution in Urban Streets by Modeling of PM10, O3 and CO Pollutants according to Regression Method (Case study-Yadegar and Azadi streets intersection, Tehran, IRAN), Res. J. Recent Sci.,2(4), 36-45 (2013) @No $ @ @ Tiwari S., Foliar Response of Two Species of Cassia to Heavy Air Pollution Load at Indore City, India, Res. J. Recent Sci.,1(ISC-2011), 329-332 (2012) @No $ @ @ Kavuri N.C. and Paul K.K., Chemical Characterization of Ambient PM10 Aerosol in a Steel City, Rourkela, India, Res. J. Recent Sci., 2(1), 32-38, (2013) @No $ @ @ Zlatev Z., Mathematical model for studying the sulphur pollution over Europe, Computational and Applied Mathematics, 12, 651-666 (1985) @No $ @ @ Cal EPA, Chemicals known to the state to cause cancer or reproductive toxicity, http://www.oehha.ca.gov/ prop65/ prop65_list/files/P65single052005.pdf, Proposition 65 list of chemicals, effective May (2005) @No $ @ @ Biswal D.K, Kumar V and Barik K, Dispersion Modeling of Jaipur Fire, India, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 2(2), 1-9,  (2012) @No $ @ @ CARB, California Air Resources Board, Proposed identification of diesel exhaust as a Toxic Air Contaminant, Appendix III, PartA, Exposure Assessment. ARB, Sacramento, CA, (1998) @No $ @ @ A.K. Prasad, R. P. Singh and M. Kafatos, Influence of coal based thermal power plants on aerosol optical properties in the Indo-gangetic basin, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L05805. (2006) @No $ @ @ Kulshrestha U.C., Rao T.N., Azhaguvel S. and Kulshrestha M.J., Emissions and accumulation of metals in the atmosphere due to crackers and sparkles during Diwali festival in India, Atmospheric Environment, 38, 4421-4425 (2004) @No $ @ @ A report on Environmental impacts of the fire in Indian Oil Corporation Depot, Sitapura, Jaipur, Submitted to Department of Environment, Govt. of Rajasthan, February (2010) @No
<#LINE#>Congo River Waters Characterization and their Disinfection by Calcium Hypochlorite and their Treatment by Flocculation using Lime and Aluminum Sulphate<#LINE#>T.@Andzi-Barhé,F.@Bouaka<#LINE#>80-86<#LINE#>12.ISCA-RJCS-2013-115.pdf<#LINE#>Unité de Recherche Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku, Franceville, GABON  @ Laboratoire de Contrôle de Qualité, Société Nationale de Distribution d’Eau, Brazzaville, CONGO<#LINE#>8/7/2013<#LINE#>12/7/2013<#LINE#>The flocculation and the chlorination are two methods very used for the water treatment. The purpose of our study is the characterization of waters of Congo River, the determination of the dose of chlorine, lime and sulphate of aluminum necessary for their disinfection and their flocculation.  It appears from all the results that, the best treatment by flocculation-coagulation is obtained by the application of a combination of 25 mg/L from sulfate of aluminum and 10 mg/L of lime. Whereas the best conditions of disinfection are obtained for 6 mg/L of hypochlorite of calcium and a pH value 6.48.<#LINE#> @ @ Thurman E.H. and Malcom R.L., Structural study of humic substances: new approaches and methods, in aquatic and terrestrial humic materials, Ann Arbor Science Publishers, , 1-23 (1983) @No $ @ @ Clark R.M., Gooddrich J.A. and Wymer L.J., Effect of distribution system on drinking water quality, J. Water SRT-Aqua, 24), 30-38 (1993) @No $ @ @ Achour S. and Moussaoui K., La Chloration des eaux de surface Algériennes et son incidence sur la formation des composés organohalogénés, Environmental technology, 14, 885-890 (1993) @No $ @ @ Mouchet P., Les modalités de traitement des eaux brutes : Quelle qualité d’eau ? Quels procédés ?, STP Pharma Pratiques, ), 136-148 (1991) @No $ @ @ Aremu M.O., Gav B.L., Opaluwa O.D., Atolaiye B.O., Madu P.C. and Sangari D.U., Assessment of physicochemical contaminants in waters and fishes froms elected rivers in Nasarawa State, NIGERIA, Res. J. Chem. Sci, 1(4), 6-17 (2011) @No $ @ @ Murhekar G.H., Assessment of Physico-Chemical Status of Ground Water Samples in Akot city, Department of chemistry, Govt. Vidarbha Institute of Science and Humanities, Amravati 444604 (M. S.) INDIA, Res. J. Chem. Sci, 1(4), 117-124 (2011) @No $ @ @ Andzi B.T. and Bouaka F., Physicochemical Characterization and Chlorination of Well Water Consumed in Brazzaville-Congo, J. Mater. Environ. Sci., ), 605-612 (2013) @No $ @ @ Andzi B.T. and Bouaka F., Physicochemical Characterization and Chlorination of Drilling Water Consumed In Brazzaville-Congo,  (), 2328-2336 (2013) @No $ @ @ W.H.O, Normes Internationales applicables à l’eau de boisson. Genève, (1972) @No $ @ @ Sagar Suman, Singh N.P. and Chandra Sulekh, Effect of Filter Backwash Water when blends with Raw Water on Total Organic Carbon and Dissolve Organic Carbon Removal, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 2(10), 38-42 (2012) @No $ @ @ Haro M., Guiguemde I.,  Diendere F, Bani I, Kone M., Soubeiga M, Diarra J. and Bary A.,Effect of the Kossodo Industrial Wastewater Discharges on the PhysicoChemical Quality of Massili River in BURKINA FASO, Res. J. Chem. Sci, 3(2), 85-91(2013) @No $ @ @ Thorvat A.R., Sonaje N.P., Mujumdar M.M. and Swami V.A., A Study on the Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Panchaganga River in Kolhapur City, MS, INDIA, Res. J. Chem. Sci.,2(8), 76-79 (2012) @No $ @ @ W.H.O, Directives de qualité pour l’eau de boisson. Genève, (2004) @No $ @ @ Duirk S.E., Gombert B., Croue J.P. and Valentine R.L., Modeling monochloramine loss in the presence of natural organic matter, Water Res., 39 (14), 3418–3431 (2005) @No $ @ @ Cardot C., Les traitements de l’eau. Procédés physico-chimiques et biologiques, Cours et problèmes résolus. Ed. Ellipse, Paris, 256 (1999) @No $ @ @ Guergazi S. and Achour S., Caractéristiques physicochimiques des eaux d’alimentation de la ville de BISKRA. Pratique de la chloration, Larhyss Journal, 4,119-127 (2005) @No $ @ @ AFoufou F., Guesbaya N. and Achour S., Effet de la minéralisation des eaux naturelles sur l’élimination des composés organiques aromatiques par coagulation-floculation, Courrier du savoir, , 75-81 (2007) @No $ @ @ Yang X., Shang C. and Westerhoff P., Factor affecting formation of haloacetonitriles, haloketones, chloropicrin and cyanogens halides during chloramination, Water Research, 41), 1193–1200 (2007) @No $ @ @ Lefebvre E. and Legube B., Coagulation par Fe(III) de substances humiques extraites d’eaux de surface : Effet du pH et de la concentration en substances humiques, Water Res., 24), 591-606 (1990) @No $ @ @ Rahni M., Coagulation-floculation de quelques composés organiques par le fer ferreux en milieu aqueux, Thèse de Doctorat, Université de Poitiers, France, (1994) @No $ @ @ Spellman F.R. and Whiting N.E., Water pollution control technology, ABS Group, 199–214 (1999) @No $ @ @ Awwa, Quality control for potable waters, J. An. Works assoc, 6012), 1317-1322 (1986) @No
@Short Communication
<#LINE#>Hydrocarbon Liquid from Castor Oil<#LINE#> D.P.@Deshpande,S.S.@Haral,P.B.@Sarode<#LINE#>87-89<#LINE#>13.ISCA-RJCS-2013-023.pdf<#LINE#>Dept of Chemical Engineering, TKIET, Warananagar, MS, INDIA @ Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Govt. Polytechnic, Jalna, MS, INDIA <#LINE#>15/2/2013<#LINE#>14/4/2013<#LINE#>Alternative renewable fuels have received increasing attention for future utilization because of limited supply of fossil fuel. In this respect, fermentation, transesterification and pyrolysis of biomass, industrial and domestic wastes have been proposed as alternative solutions for the increasing of energy demand and environmental awareness. In order to meet this challenge, in this paper it is tried to obtain hydrocarbon liquid from castor oil. It is planned to study effect of reaction temp on various properties of hydrocarbon liquid obtained after thermal cracking of castor oil. The properties chosen for study are Viscosity, density, Aniline point and bromine no.<#LINE#> @ @ Maher K.D. and Bressler D.C., Pyrolysis of triglyceride materials for the productionof renewable fuels and chemicals, Bioresource Technology, 98, 2351–2368 (2007) @No $ @ @ Daniela G. Lima et.al, Diesel-like fuel obtained by pyrolysis of vegetable oils, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis,71,987–996 (2004) @No $ @ @ Dandik L. and Aksoy H.A., Conversion of Used Oils to Obtain Fuels And Chemical Feed Stocks By Using Fractionating Pyrolysis Reactor World Conference And Exhibition On Oil Seeds And Edible Oils Processing – Istanbul, Inform, 920-923 (1996) @No $ @ @ Idem R.O., Katikaneni S.P.R. and Bakshi N.N., Catalytic conversion of canola oil to fuels and chemicals: roles of catalyst, acidity, basicity, and shape selectivity on product distribution, Fuel Processing Tech., 51, 101-125 (1997) @No $ @ @ Katikaneni S.P.R., Ajaye J.D. and Bakshi N.N., Studies on the catalytic Conversion of canola oil to hydrocarbons: Influence of Hybrid Catalysts and Steam, Energy and Fuels, 9, 599-609 (1995) @No $ @ @ Benson T.J., Aromatics Formation from lipids conversion on H-ZMS-5 Zeolite: Mechanism and Intermediate Species, Catalysis by Zeolites, 46, 29-37 (1980) @No $ @ @ Deshpande D.P., Aneker S.V. and Kanse N.G., Catalytic cracking of used palm oils, International Journal of Biotechnology, Chemical & Environmental Engineering (IJBCEE),1(1),(2012) @No $ @ @ Ner´n C., Domeño C., Moliner R., Lázaro M.J., Suelves I., Valderrama J., J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 55, 171 (2000) @No $ @ @ Vitolo S., Bresci B., Seggiani M., Gallo M.G., 80, 17 (2001) @No $ @ @ Deshpande D.P, Haral S.S., Gandhi S.S. and Ganvir V.N., Transeterification of Castor oil, ISCA Journal of Engineering Sciences,1(1), 2-7, (2012) @No $ @ @ Deshpande D.P., Urunkar Y.D. and Thakare P.D., Production of Biodiesel from Castor Oil using acid and Base catalysts, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences,2(8), 1-5 (2012) @No
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>1, 5 Benzodiazepines: Overview of Properties and Synthetic Aspects<#LINE#>Aastha@Pareek,Navneet@Kumar,Anshu@Agarwal,Pratima@Sharma,Kishore@Dharma<#LINE#>90-103<#LINE#>14.ISCA-RJCS-2013-057.pdf<#LINE#>Raj Kumar Goel institute of Technology, Ghaziabad, UP, INDIA @ Banasthali University, Department of Chemistry, Banasthali, Rajasthan, INDIA <#LINE#>20/4/2013<#LINE#>10/5/2013<#LINE#>Heterocyclic compounds occur widely in nature and quite a few of these are essential to life processes. The literature on heterocyclic compounds is replete with examples of a large number of synthetic methods of naturally occurring systems which are pharmacologically active. Their practical applications range from clinical use to field as diverse as agriculture, photography, biocide formulations and polymer science. The range of known compounds is virtually limitless, encompassing an impressive spectrum of physical, chemical and biological properties. Extensive applications of these compounds in medicine has led to the chemistry of these materials to expand exponentially in the past few decades, so much so that virtually a limitless series of structurally novel compounds with a broad spectrum of reactivity and stability has been developed . The heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen has expanded exponentially in the past decades due to their uniquephysical properties , specific chemical reactivity and their remarkable potential biological activities 1,2 .A survey of literature on the nitrogen heterocycles reveal that pyrazole, isoxazole, carbazol, pyrimidine , diazepines and oxazepines tc., are important constituents of a wide variety of natural products with pharmacodynamic application.<#LINE#> @ @ Olkkola K.T. and Ahonen J., Midazolam and other benzodiazepines, Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, Handb Exp Pharmacol,182, 335–60 (2008) @No $ @ @ Dikeos D.G., Theleritis C.G. and Soldatos C.R., Benzodiazepines: effects on sleep, In Pandi-Perumal SR,  Verster JC, Monti JM, Lader M, Langer SZ (eds.). 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(London),17, 335 (1972) @No $ @ @ Shilabin A.G., Seven- Membered Ring Mesomeric Betaines from Anti-Huckel Aromatic to Model Compounds of the pyrrolobenzodiazepines Alkaloids Circumdatin A and B, Dissertation, Europian journal of chemistry, 12, 1-137 (2005) @No $ @ @ Atwal K.S., Bergey J.L. and Hedberg A., Synthesis and biological activity of novel calcium channel blockers: 2, 5-dihydro-4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,5-benzodiazepine-3-carboxylic acid esters, Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 30,  635 (1987) @No $ @ @ Varala R., Kotra V. and Engulu R., Synthesis of some 1, 5-benzodiazepines derivatives as a new class  of antimicrobial agents, Asian Journal of Chemistry, 19(7), 5435-5442 2007) @No $ @ @ Pasha M.A. and Jayashankar V.P., An expeditious synthesis of 1,5-benzodiazepines derivatives catalyzed by CdCl, Indian Journal of Chemistry,  45B, 2716-2719 (2006) @No $ @ @ Gatzonis S.D., Angelopoulos E.K., Dakalopoulou E.G. and Chioni A., Convulsive status epilepticus following abrupt high-dose benzodiazepine discontinuation, Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 59(1), 95-97 (2000) @No $ @ @ Kumar R. and Joshi Y.C., Synthesis, spectral studies and biological activity of 3H-1, 5-Benzodiazepine derivatives, Arkivoc, 13, 142-149 (2007) @No $ @ @ Nawrocka W., Sztuba B. and Wietrzy K., Synthesis and antiproliferative activity in vitro of novel 1,5-      benzodiazepines, J.Arch.Pharm.Pharm.Med.Chem,  334, 3-10 (2001) @No $ @ @ Kusanur R.A., Ghate M. and Kulkarni M.V., Synthesis of spiro [indolo-1, 5- benzodiazepines] from 3- acetyl coumarins for use as antianxiety agents, J.  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Sci, 116, 265-270 (2010) @No $ @ @ Smith R.H., Jorgen W.L. and Tirado R.J., Prediction of Binding Affinities for TIBO Inhibitors of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Using Monte Carlo Simulations in a Linear Response Method, Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 40, 823-833 (1998) @No $ @ @ Atwal S.K., Bergey L.J. and Hedberg A., Synthesis and biological activity of novel calcium channel blockers: 2, 5-dihydro-4-methyl-2-phenyl-1, 5-benzothiazepine-3-carboxylic acid esters and 2, 5-dihydro-4-methyl-2-phenyl-1, 5-benzodiazepine-3-carboxylic acid esters, Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,30, 635 (1987) @No $ @ @ Katritzky A.R., Abonia R. and Yang B., Synthesis of 3,4,7,8-tetrahydro-6H-pyrido1,2,3-ef-1,5-benzodiazepine-2(1H)-ones via benzotriazole methodology, Synthesis, 10, 1487 (1998) @No $ @ @ Chimirri A., Gitto R., Grasso S., Manforte A.M., Romeo G. and Zappala M., Annelated 1,5-benzodiazepines, I: Three, four and five membered rings, Heterocycles,36(3), 601 (1993) @No $ @ @ Neels H.M.,  Sierens A.C. and  Naelaerts K., Therapeutic drug monitoring of old and newer anti- epileptic drugs, Clin. 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<#LINE#>5-Nitroimidazole derivatives: A scope of Modification for Medicinal chemists<#LINE#>Amit@Anthwal,D.S.@Rawat,M.S.M.@Rawat<#LINE#>104-113<#LINE#>15.ISCA-RJCS-2013-076.pdf<#LINE#>Department of chemistry, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, INDIA @ Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, INDIA<#LINE#>12/5/2013<#LINE#>24/6/2013<#LINE#>The 5-nitroimidazole is an important class of imidazole based drugs. The 5-nitroimidazoles are a well-established group of protozoal and bactericidal agents but after discovery of imidazole drugs many protozoa and bacteria has developed resistance towards drugs in market. Due to this fact there is a need for medicinal chemists to work on this pharmacophore and develop new hybrid molecules which may give lead molecule for further studies. Many modifications have been done on 5-nitroimidazole nucleus and new hybrid molecules have been synthesized but still there is a huge scope of modification. The imidazole moiety exhibit wide range of biological activities. This article aims to review the work done in past few years, on 5-nitroimidazoles derivatives synthesis and activity of resulting hybrid molecules.<#LINE#> @ @ Müller M., Mode of action of metronidazole on anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, Surgery, 93, 165–171 (1983) @No $ @ @ Upcroft J.A., Campbell R.W., Benakli K., Upcroft P. and Vanelle P., Efficacy of new 5-nitroimidazoles against metronidazole-susceptible and resistant Giardia, Trichomonas, and Entamoeba spp. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 43, 73–76 (1999) @No $ @ @ Jokipii A.M. and Jokipii L., Metronidazole, tinidazole, ornidazole and anaerobic infections of the middle ear, maxillary sinus and central nervous system, Scand. J. Infect. Dis. Suppl., 26, 123–129 (1981) @No $ @ @ Demirayak S., Karaburun A.C. and Kiraz N., Synthesis and antibacterial activities of some 1-[2-(substituted pyrrol-1-yl)ethyl]-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole derivatives, Eur. J. Med. 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(2013) @No $ @ @ Baines S.D., O’Connor R., Freeman J., Fawley W.N., Harmanus C., Mastrantonio P., Kuijper E.J., Wilcox M.H., Emergence of reduced susceptibility to metronidazole in Clostridium difficile. J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 62, 1046–1052 (2008) @No $ @ @ Viode C., Bettache N., Cenas N., Krauth-Siegel R.L., Chauviere G., Bakalara N., PerieJ., Enzymic reduction studies of nitroheterocycles, Biochem. Pharmacol., 57, 549–557 (1999) @No $ @ @ Thapa P.B., Whitlock J.A., Brockman K.G., Gideon P., Mitchel E.F., Roberson P., Pais R., Ray W.A., Prenatal exposure to metronidazole and risk of childhood cancer: A retrospective cohort study of children younger than 5 years, Cancer,83, 1461–1468 (1998) @No $ @ @ Meingassner J.G., Mieth H., Czok R., Lindmark D.G. and Muller M., Assay conditions and the demonstration of nitroimidazole resistance in Tritrichomonas foetus,Antimicrob. 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