Research Journal of Chemical Sciences ______________________________________________ ISSN 2231-606X Vol. 3(4), 25-28, April (2013) Res. J. Chem. Sci. International Science Congress Association 25 Chemical Composition of Kabuli Chickpea Collections under Water Stress and Non-stressJain Chandana and Jain Pratima2 Department of Life Science, Boston College for Professional Studies, Gwalior, MP, INDIA Department of Chemistry, Govt. KRG College, Gwalior, MP, INDIAAvailable online at: www.isca.in Received 16th January 2013, revised 23rd February 2013, accepted 28th March 2013Abstract Estimations of the metabolic products and accumulated ions were made to work out the chemical composition of grain protein, starch, soluble sugars and mineral contents in fourteen Kabuli chickpea samples under water stress to non-stress conditions. Results indicated that a higher amount of grain protein and soluble sugars were found under moisture stress however starch content decreased. Chemical analysis for mineral composition of Kabuli chickpea showed that accumulation of K and Mg increases and total P, Zn, Ca and Fe decreases in the samples of moisture stress environment. Keywords: chemical composition, mineral contents, chickpea. IntroductionChemical composition and nutrient value of chickpea makes it an important food supplement for mankind. In India although it is grown under varied environmental conditions of extreme moisture stress to non-stress conditions, it is grown mostly as a post-rainy season rainfed crop. Water stressed environmental condition is one of the most limiting factor in the determination of composition of organic compounds and mineral elements of chickpea. Concentration of mineral element in plants reduces significantly under drought as a consequence of moisture stress in drought environment. Earlier studies on quantitative estimation of mineral elements in chickpea seeds under different environments were done without considering water stress and non stress. Only some recent studies defined the effects of water stress on chemical composition of chickpea. Studies on barley showed that water stress affect proline content and yield. Likewise effect of moisture stress and non stress on chickpea with reference to organic compounds viz. protein, carbohydrate, fat etc. have been studied2-3 but there is little information available concerning effect of moisture stress and non stress on mineral composition. Material and MethodsFourteen varieties of Kabuli chickpea were selected which are commonly in use for this study. The experimental material grown under two environmental conditions viz. moisture stress and non stress with two replications. Two sets of each variety were grown, one in stress and other non stress. At maturity 10 plants were selected and then the grain obtained from the selected plants was bulked for chemical analyses. Sodium and potassium contents were determined by flamephotometry. Acid digest prepared by oxidizing each sample with a nitric/perchloric acid (2:1) mixture. Aliquots used to determine Na and K using flamephotometry. Phosphors (P) content was determined by spectrophotometric method. Ca, Mg, Fe, and Zn minerals determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AOAC. 1980, AOAC.1990). Nitrogen (N) content estimated by Kjeldal procedure (AOAC 1985) and protein content determined by Lowry method (1951) using the Folin- Ciocaltea phenol reagent. Carbohydrates are one of the most important components in chickpea. The carbohydrate component estimated by Enthrone method. Sugars react with the enthrone reagent under acidic conditions to yield a blue-green color. There is a linear relationship between the absorbance and the amount of sugar that was present in the original sample. This method determines both reducing and non-reducing sugars because of the presence of the strongly oxidizing sulfuric acid. Results and Discussion Concentrations of grain protein, starch and soluble sugars of 14 Kabuli chickpea samples were analyzed (table 1) to work out the chemical composition under moisture stress to non-stress conditions. Results of chemical analysis indicated that a higher amount of grain protein and soluble sugars were found under moisture stress however starch content was decreased5-6Mean value of protein concentration increased from 21.09% to 22.20 %. Maximum increase of 1.67% was seen in sample of C-711. Chemical analysis showed that m ean value of s tarch concentration decreased from 44.5.0% to 43.1%. Highest decrease of 2.2% reported in starch content of samples of C-711. Soluble sugar content was also varied from 3.81% to 5.69%.There was an increase in mean value of soluble sugars content. Maximum increase of 1.38% in soluble sugars content was seen in C-727 which showed 4.59% soluble sugars content in moisture stressed sample while 4.31% in non stressed sample of Kabuli chickpea. Research Journal of Chemical Sciences ___________________________________________________________ ISSN 2231-606XVol. 3(4), 25-28, April (2013) Res. J. Chem. Sci. International Science Congress Association 26 Table-1 Chemical composition of Kabuli chickpea grain protein, starch and soluble sugars under moisture stress and non-stress.(g/100g) Collection Protein % Starch % Soluble sugars % Non- stressed Moisture stressed Non- stressed Moisture stressed Non- stressed Moisture stressed JGK-3 21.27 22.85 45.1 43.5 4.29 5.37 C-701 20.71 21.53 43.5 42.7 4.15 4.85 C-703 21.30 21.68 43.9 43.1 3.81 4.64 C-704 21.57 22.65 44.7 43.3 4.29 4.52 C-711 20.51 22.18 45.2 44.0 4.33 4.78 C-714 21.11 22.69 43.7 43.3 4.19 4.85 C-716 21.96 23.47 45.1 43.7 4.14 5.09 C-723 20.72 22.33 43.3 41.9 4.17 4.93 C-725 21.58 22.06 45.8 42.9 3.91 4.35 C-729 20.16 21.59 44.7 43.4 4.21 5.13 C-720 21.24 22.21 44.3 43.6 4.15 4.75 C-727 21.29 21.35 42.9 41.5 4.31 5.69 C-731 20.27 21.93 45.3 43.1 4.41 5.37 C-707 21.57 22.35 44.8 43.5 4.57 5.13 Mean 21.09 22.20 44.5 43.1 4.21 4.96 Concentrations of total accumulated ions of K, Mg, P, Fe, Zn and Ca of Kabuli chickpea in response to moisture stress and non-stress are given in table 2. Chemical analysis for mineral composition of Kabuli chickpea showed increase in the accumulated ions of K and Mg. Increase in K content varied from 28 mg/100g (C-723) to 114 mg/100g (C-714). Results of analysis show that mean Mg content increased from 139 mg/100g to 148 mg/100g. Increase in Mg content was 2 mg/100g (C-731) to 16 mg/100g (C-701) in the samples subjected to moisture stress7-8. However grain samples collected from moisture stressed plants were poorer in Phosphorous, Zink, Calcium and Iron. Total P, Zn, Ca and Fe contents were decreased in the samples of moisture stress environment. Similar results were reported earlier for P, Zn, Ca and Fe contents in Kabuli chickpea. Maximum reduction of 44.0 mg/100g in P content was recorded in sample of C-727 in comparison to mean reduction of 19.4 mg/100g10. Calcium content also showed mean reduction of 13 mg/100g with maximum reduction of 25 mg/100g in C-704 sample. Reduction in concentrations of total accumulated ions of Zn and Fe also reported in all the samples. Maximum reduction in Zn content was of 0.5mg/100g in sample of C-723.While maximum reduction in Fe content was 0.7mg/100g (C-716). Above study suggested that decreasing water availability under drought generally results in higher concentration of protein and soluble sugars in Kabuli chickpea but reduced total mineral elements uptake and frequently causes reduced concentrations of mineral elements in crop plants11-12. Conclusion In this study a higher amount of grain protein and soluble sugars were found under water stress samples Kabuli chickpea however starch content decreased. Chemical analysis for mineral composition of Kabuli chickpea showed that accumulation of K and Mg increases and total P, Zn, Ca and Fe decreases in the samples of moisture stress environment. Figure-1 Estimates of grain protein content (g/100g) Figure-2 Estimates of starch concentration (g/100g) Research Journal of Chemical Sciences ___________________________________________________________ ISSN 2231-606XVol. 3(4), 25-28, April (2013) Res. J. Chem. Sci. International Science Congress Association 27 Figure-3 Estimates of Soluble sugars (g/100g) Figure-4 Potassium content (mg/100g) Figure-5 Magnesum content (mg/100g) Figure-6 Phosphorous content (mg/100mg) Figure-7 Zink content (mg/100mg) Figure-8 Calcium content (mg/100mg) Figure 1-8 Showing changes in Kabuli chickpea chemical composition under water stress. Research Journal of Chemical Sciences ___________________________________________________________ ISSN 2231-606XVol. 3(4), 25-28, April (2013) Res. J. Chem. Sci. International Science Congress Association 28 Table-2 Mineral composition of Kabuli chickpea grain under moisture stress and non-stress Collection Potassium (K) mg/100g Magnesium (Mg) mg/100g Phosphorous (P) mg/100g Zink (Zn) mg/100g Calcium (Ca) mg/100 g Iron (Fe) mg/100g Non- stressed Moisture stressed Non- stressed Moisture stressed Non- stressed Moisture stressed Non- stressed Moisture stressed Non- stressed Moisture stressed Non- stressed Moisture stressed JGK-3 1272 1363 194 208 339 307 3.4 3.3 97 83 4.3 3.9 C-701 1106 1158 137 153 265 248 2.7 2.5 134 112 3.8 3.2 C-703 1137 1227 154 158 236 235 2.5 2.4 118 103 3.5 3.2 C-704 1063 1095 173 181 247 219 2.5 2.5 116 91 3.3 3.1 C-711 1109 1173 143 157 219 205 3.1 2.7 127 106 3.7 3.2 C-714 1215 1329 128 135 315 271 2.8 2.6 119 107 3.4 3.0 C-716 1194 1254 136 139 259 243 2.5 2.4 129 123 4.6 3.9 C-723 1165 1193 113 126 241 229 2.6 2.1 121 113 3.5 3.1 C-725 1234 1274 149 153 219 214 2.5 2.3 134 129 3.8 3.4 C-729 1087 1135 133 148 267 235 2.9 2.2 124 113 3.3 3.0 C-720 1021 1107 114 120 208 209 2.4 2.3 143 136 3.1 2.9 C-727 1062 1093 110 126 224 211 2.5 2.1 127 123 3.4 3.1 C-731 1075 1135 137 139 258 214 3.0 2.9 133 119 3.2 3.1 C-707 1063 1109 120 134 221 205 2.7 2.5 114 96 3.4 3.2 Mean 1128 1189 139 148 251 232 2.7 2.4 124 111 3.6 3.2 Reference1.Mostafa M., Rady and Maybelle S., Gaballah, Improving Barley Yield Grown Under Water Stress Conditions, Res.J.Recent Sci.,1(6), 1-6 (2012) 2.Nayyar Harsh, Satwinder Kaur, Smita Singh and Hari D. 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