@Editorial <#LINE#>Membranes and Diaphragms for Electrochemical Processes (Part - II)<#LINE#>Vasudevan@S<#LINE#>Res.J.chem.sci.<#LINE#> @Research Paper <#LINE#>Ranges of Electrons for Human Body Substances<#LINE#>Hemlata@Singh,S.K.@Rathi,A.S.@Verma<#LINE#>4-8<#LINE#>1.ISCA-RJCS-2012-164.pdf<#LINE#>Department of physics, B. S. A. College, Mathura 281004, INDIA @ Department of physics, B.S.A.C.E.T., Mathura 281004, INDIA @ Department of physics, Banasthali University, Rajasthan 304022, INDIA <#LINE#>1/7/2012<#LINE#>25/12/2012<#LINE#> We present a relation for continuous slowing down approximation (CSDA) ranges for electrons of substances such as bones, muscles, fat and water in terms of energy from 30 keV to 1000 keV and have been fitted by three parameters. These parameters depend upon the total energy, density and effective atomic number of the absorber. It has been found that this method gives better agreement with the available experimental data.<#LINE#> @ @ Zink K., Einführung in die Strahlentherapie und Therapie mit offenen Nukliden, FH Gießen, (2004) @No $ @ @ World Health Organization (WHO) Cancer Report- (2007) @No $ @ @ Mayles, P., Nahum, A. and Rosenwald, J.C. Handbook of Radiotherapy Physics, New York: Taylor and Francis, (2007) @No $ @ @ Maignegra-Hing E, Kawrakow I, Rogers D W O, Calculations for plane-parallel ion Chambers on 60Co beams using Monte Carlo code, Med. Phys, 30, 179-89 (2003) @No $ @ @ Zink, K and Wulff, J, Monte Carlo calculations of beam quality correction factor kQ for electron dosimetry with a parallel -plate Roos chamber, Phys. Med Biol., 53, 1595-160 (2008) @No $ @ @ Tan, Z., Xia, Y., Zhao, M., Liu, X., Li, F., Huang, B., Ji, Y., Electron stopping power and mean free path in organic compounds over the energy range of 20–10 000 eV, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B,222, 27–43 (2004) @No $ @ @ Gumus H., Simple stopping power formula for low and intermediate energy electrons, Radiat. Phys. Chem., 72, 7–12 (2005) @No $ @ @ Akkerman, A., Akkerman, E., Characteristics of electron inelastic interactions in organic compounds and water over the energy range 20–10 000 eV, J. Appl. Phys., 86, 5809–5816 (1999) @No $ @ @ Dingfelder, M., Hantke, D., Inokuti, M., Paretzke, H.G., Electron inelastic scattering cross sections in liquid water, Radiat. Phys. Chem.,53, 1–18 (1998) @No $ @ @ Verne, J., Pimblott, M.S., Electron energy-loss distributions in solid, Dry DNA, Radiat. Res., 141, 208–215 (1995) @No $ @ @ Inokuti, M., Inelastic collisions of fast charged particles with atoms and molecules—the Bethe theory revisited, Rev. Mod. Phys., 43, 297–347 (1971) @No $ @ @ Nelms A., Energy loss and Ranges of electrons and positrons NBS circular no.577 (1956) @No $ @ @ Rohrlich F. and Carlson B. C., Positron-Electron Differences in Energy Loss and Multiple Scattering, Phys. Rev.,93, 38 (1954) @No $ @ @ Chaun-Jong Tung et al, CSDA Rangesof Electrons in Metals,Chinese J. Physics, 17, 1-11 (1979) @No $ @ @ Berger M. J. and Seltzer S. M., Tables of energy losses and ranges of electron and positron, NASA SP-3012 (1982) @No $ @ @ Gupta S. K. and Gupta D. K. An Empirical Equation for the c.s.d.a. Range Difference of 0.2- to 10-MeV Electrons, Japanese J. Applied Physics, 19, 1-3 (1980) @No $ @ @ Tan D. and Heaton B Applied Radiation and Isotope, Simple empirical relations for electron CSDA range and electron energy loss, Applied Radiation and Isotopes,45,527-28 (1994) @No $ @ @ Agrawal P., Rathi S. K. and Verma A. S., Continuous Slowing Down Approximation (CS and DA) Ranges of Electrons and Positrons for Carbon, Aluminium and Copper, Res. J. Rec. Sci., , 70-76 (2012) @No <#LINE#>Cinnamic acid Derivatives and 4-Aminoantipyrine Amides – Synthesis and Evaluation of Biological Properties<#LINE#>A.@Jitareanu,G.@Tataringa,A-M.@Zbancioc,C.@Tuchilus,M.@Balan,U.@Stanescu<#LINE#>9-13<#LINE#>2.ISCA-RJCS-2012-223.pdf<#LINE#> University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitatii Street 16, 700115 Iasi, ROMANIA @ Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of Romanian University, ”Petru Poni”, Grigore Ghica Voda Street 41, 700487 Iasi, ROMANIA <#LINE#>25/10/2012<#LINE#>5/11/2012<#LINE#> Four new amides of cinnamic acid derivatives (cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid and caffeic acid) and 4-aminoantipyrine were synthesized and their structure was confirmed (H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FTIR and elemental analysis). Some of their biological properties were evaluated: antimicrobial and antioxidant (DPPH radical scavenging activity, Fe3+reducing power). The tested compounds were more effective against Staphylococcus aureus than the corresponding free acids, but presented no effect on Gram negative bacteria and Candida albicans. The amides of caffeic and ferulic acid were very efficient antioxidants (DPPH radical scavenging assay: EC50 100 µM). The Fe 3+ reducing power for the synthesized substances was similar or superior to that of the positive control (ascorbic acid). <#LINE#> @ @ Rajan P., Vedernikova I., Cos P., Berghe D.V., Augustyns K., Haemers A., Synthesis and Evaluation of Caffeic Acid Amides as Antioxidants, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 11, 215-217 (2001) @No $ @ @ Fu J., Cheng K., Zhang Z., Fang R., Zhu H., Synthesis, structure and structure-activity relationship analysis of caffeic acid amides as potential antimicrobials, Eur. J. Med. Chem., 452638- 2643 (2010) @No $ @ @ Gaspar A., Garrido E.M., Esteves M., Quezada E., Milhazes N., Garrido J., Borges F., New insights into the antioxidant activity of hydroxycinnamic acids: Synthesis and physicochemical characterization of novel halogenated derivatives, Eur. J. Med. Chem., 442092 – 2099 (2009) @No $ @ @ Mulongo G., Mbabazi J., Odongkara B., Twinomuhwezi H., Mpango G.B., New Biologically Active Compounds from 1,3-Diketones, Res. J. Chem. Sci.), 102-108 (2011) @No $ @ @ Parmar K., Parajapati S., Patel R. and Patel R., A Simple and Efficient Procedure for Synthesis of Biologically Active 1,2,4-Triazolo-[3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-arylthiazolidine-4-one Derivatives, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(1), 18-24 (2011) @No $ @ @ Elemike E.E., Oviawe A.P., Otuokere I.E., Potentiation of the Antimicrobial Activity of 4-Benzylimino-2,3-Dimethyl-1-Phenylpyrazal-5-One by Metal Chelation,Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(8), 6-11, (2011) @No $ @ @ Spasova M., Philipov S., Nikolaeva-Glomb L., Galabov A.S., Milkova Ts., Cinnamoyl and hydroxycinnamoyl amides of glaucine and their antioxidative and antiviral activities, Bioorg. Med. Chem.16, 7457-7461 (2008) @No $ @ @ Alam M.S., Choi J.H., Lee DU., Synthesis of novel Schiff base analogues of 4-amino-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenylpyrazol-3-one and their evaluation for antioxidant and antiinflammatory activity, Bioorg. Med. Chem.20(13), 4103-4108 (2012) @No $ @ @ Radi S., Toubi Y., Hamdani I., Hakkou A., Souna F., Himri I., Bouakka M.,Synthesis, Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of some new Bipyrazolic Tripodal Derivatives,Res. J. Chem. Sci., 2(4)40-44 (2012) @No $ @ @ Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performace Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Tests. Approved standard - Tenth Edition M02-A10, National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, Wayne (2009) @No $ @ @ Prajapati A., Synthesis, Antimicrobial and Insecticidal Activity Studies of 5-Nitro N’-[Arylidenhydrazidomethyl Indole] 2-(Substituted Aryl)-3-(N’-Indolyl Acetamiddyl)-4-Oxothiazolidines, Res. J. Recent. Sci.,1(ISC-2011), 99-104 (2012) @No $ @ @ Naik N., Kumar H.V., Shubhavathi T., Synthesis and antioxidant evaluation of novel 5 methoxy indole analogues, Int. J. Curr. Chem. 3, 109-113 (2011) @No $ @ @ Yu L., Zhao M., Wang J.S., Cui C., Yang B., Jiang Y., Zhao Q., Antioxidant, immunomodulatory and anti-breast cancer activities of phenolic extract from pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb) bark, Inno. Food Sci. Emer. Technol., 122-128 (2008) @No $ @ @ Malterud KE, Farbrot TL, Huse AE, Sund RB., Antioxidant and radical scavenging effects of anthraquinones and anthrones, Pharmacology47, 77-85 (1993) @No $ @ @ Djandé A., Kiendrébéogo M., Compaoré M., Kaboré L.,Nacoulma G. O., Aycard J-P., Saba A., Antioxidant Potentialities of 4-Acyl isochroman-1,3-Diones, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(5), 88-90 (2011) @No $ @ @ Ferreira I.C.F.R., Baptista P., Vilas-Boas M., Barros L., Free-radical scavenging capacity and reducing power of wild edible mushrooms from northeast Portugal: Individual cap and stipe activity, Food. Chem., 1001511- 1516 2007) @No $ @ @ Hammer K.A., Carson C.F., Riley T.V., Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and other plant extracts, J. Appl. Microbiol.86, 985-990 (1999) @No $ @ @ Junior A, Zanil C. Biological screening of Brazilian medicinal plants, Braz. J. Sci., 95, 367-373 (2000) @No <#LINE#>Ultrasonic Study of Acoustical Parameters of Binary Liquid Mixtures of Methyl Benzoate with 1-Octanol at 303.15K, 308.15K, 313.15K and 318.15K<#LINE#>Sridevi@Gutta<#LINE#>14-19<#LINE#>3.ISCA-RJCS-2012-226.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Physics, V.R. Siddhartha Engineering College,Vijayawada,INDIA<#LINE#>31/10/2012<#LINE#>5/11/2012<#LINE#> The ultrasonic velocity (U), the density () and viscosity () of methyl benzoate with 1-Octanol have been measured at 303.15K, 308.15K, 313.15K and 318.15K over the entire range of composition. From the measured data of ultrasonic velocity, density and viscosity, acoustic parameters such as adiabatic compressibility (), free length (L), free volume (V), internal pressure (), relaxation time () and acoustic impedance (Z) have been estimated using standard relations. The variation of adiabatic compressibility (), free length (L), free volume (V) internal pressure (), relaxation time () and acoustic impedance (Z) with concentration and temperature have been studied. Acoustic parameters provide important information in understanding the solute-solvent interaction in a polymer solution. <#LINE#> @ @ Armugam V., Sanjeevi R., Raghunadha Rao D. and Shameem B., Clssical areas of Pheno-menology (Including applications) – Ultrasonic studies on edible oils, Indian Journal ofPure and Applied Physics,36, 578-583 (1998) @No $ @ @ Ali A., Hyder S., Nain A.K.,Studies on molecular interactions in binary liquid mixtures by viscosity and ultrasonic velocity measurements at 303.15K, Journal of MolecularLiquids,79, 89-99 (1999) @No $ @ @ Bhatt S.C., Semwal H.K., Lingwal V. and Semwal B.S., Acoustical parameters of some molecular liquids, J. Acous. Soc. India., 28, 293-296 (2000) @No $ @ @ Ali A.A., Nain A.K. and Hyder S., Study of intermolecular interaction in binary liquid mixtures through ultrasonic speed measurement, Journal of Pure and AppliedUltrasonics,23, 73-79 (2001) @No $ @ @ Ali A., Yasmin A. and Nain A.K., Study of intermolecular interactions in binary liquid mixtures through ultrasonic speed measurements, Indian Journal of Pure and AppliedPhysics,40, 315-322 (2002) @No $ @ @ Anuradha S., Prema S. and Rajagopal K., Ultrasonic studies on molecular interactions in binary mixtures of acetonitrile with carbonyl molecules, Journal of Pure and AppliedUltrasonics,27, 49-54 (2005) @No $ @ @ Al-Kandary J.A., Al-Jimaz A.S. and Abdul-Latif A.H.M., Viscosities, densities and speeds of sound of binary mixtures of toluene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene and mesitylene with anisole at 288.15K, 293.15K AND 303.15K, Journal of Chemical andEngineering Data,51, 2074-2082 (2006) @No $ @ @ Palaniappan L. and Thiyagarajan R., Effect of aniline in methanol + benzene mixture – An ultrasonic study, Ind. J. Chem.,47B, 1906-1909 (2008) @No $ @ @ Tadkalkar A., Pawar P. and Bichile G.K., Studies of acoustic and thermodynamic properties of citric acid in double distilled water at different temperatures, J. Chem.Pharm. Res., 3(3), 165-168 (2011) @No $ @ @ Ramteke J.N., Ultrasonic study of molecular interaction in binary liquid mixture containing – picolin in ethanol at 301.15K and 305.15K, Advances in Applied ScienceResearch,3(3), 1832-1835 (2012) @No $ @ @ Yang C., Lal H. and Ma P., Density and viscosity of binary mixtures diethyl carbonate with alcohols at 293.15 to 363.15 K and predictive results by unifac visco group contribution method, Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data,51, 1345-1358 (2006) @No $ @ @ Bhatia S.C., Bhatia R. and Dubey G.P., Thermo-physical and sonochemical behavior of binary mixtures of hehxan-1-ol with halohydrocarbons at 303.15K, Journal ofMolecularLiquids, 152, 39-52 (2010) @No $ @ @ Vadamalar R., Mani D.and Balakrishna R., Ultrasonic study of binary liquid mixtures of methyl methacrylate with alcohols, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences,1(9), 79-82 (2011) @No $ @ @ Rajathi K., Askar Ali S.J. and Rajendran A., Ultrasonic study of molecular dynamics in some binary mixtures , J. Chem. Pharm. Res. 3(5), 348-358 (2011) @No $ @ @ Bhatnagar D., Joshi D., Gupta R., Kumar Y., Kumar A. and Jain C.L., Studies on thermo acoustic parameters in binary liquid mixtures of MIBK with 1-propanol,1-butanol and 1-pentanol at 303.15K-A new approach by direct measurement of acoustic impedance, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 1(5), 6-13 (2011) @No $ @ @ Perrin D.R., Purification of laboratory chemicals, 2nd edition, Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK @No $ @ @ Nath G., Sahu S. and Paikaray R., Study of acoustical parameters of binary mixtures of a non-polar liquid at different frequencies, Indian Journal of Physics,83(4), 429-436 (2009) @No $ @ @ Shanmuga Priya C., Nitya S., Velraj G. and Kannappan A.N., Molecular interaction studies in liquid mixture using ultrasonic technique, International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 18, 59-73 (2010) @No $ @ @ Pankaj Singh K. and Bhatt S.C., Investigation of acoustical parameters of polyvinyl acetate, Applied Physics Research, 2(1), 35-45 (2010) @No $ @ @ Askar Ali S.J., Effect of temperature on the molecular dynamics of some binary mixtures by ultrasonic method, J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 4(1), 617-632 (2012) @No $ @ @ Bedare G.R., Bhandakkar V.D. and Suryavanshi B.M., Studies of acoustic and thermodynamic properties of binary liquid mixtures at 308K, J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 4(2), 1028-1032 (2012) @No $ @ @ Suryanarayana C.V., The liquid state-a new outlook, J. Acoust. Soc. India, , 11-15 (1997) @No $ @ @ Thirumaran S. and Earnest Jayakumar J., Ultrasonic study of n – alkanols in toluene with nitrobenzene, Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Physics,47, 265-272 (2009) @No $ @ @ Umadevi M. and Kesavasamy R., Molecular interaction studies on ester with cyclohexane in alcohol at 303, 308, 313K, International Journal of Chemical,Environmental and Pharmaceutical Research, 3, 72-82 (2012) @No <#LINE#>Study of Photogalvanic Effect in Photogalvanic Cell containing Mixed Surfactant (NaLS CTAB), Methylene blue as a Photosensitizer and Xylose as Reductant<#LINE#>Gangotri@K.M.,Mohan@Lal<#LINE#>20-25<#LINE#>4.ISCA-RJCS-2012-227.pdf<#LINE#> Photochemistry Laboratroy, Department of Chemistry, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan-342001, INDIA<#LINE#>31/10/2012<#LINE#>7/11/2012<#LINE#> Photogalvanic effect was studied in a photogalvanic cell containing methylene blue-xylose-NaLS+CTAB system. The photopotential and photocurrent were observed 655.0 mV and 190.0 A respectively. The conversion efficiency of the system was observed 0.4326% and fill factor was determined as 0.2870. The cell performance was observed 90.0 minutes in dark. The effects of different parameters on the electrical output of the cell were observed and current-voltage (i-V) characteristics of the cell were also studied. <#LINE#> @ @ Rideal E.K. and Williams D.C., The action of light on the ferrous iodine iodide equilibrium, J. Che. Soc., 127, 258-269 1925) @No $ @ @ Rabinowitch E., The photogalvanic effect I: the photochemical properties of the thionine-iron system, J. Chem. Phys.,8(7), 551-559 (1940) @No $ @ @ Rabinowitch E., The photogalvanic effect II: the photogalvanic properties of the thionine-iron system, J. Chem. Phys., 8(7), 560-566 (1940) @No $ @ @ Potter A.C. and Thaller L.H., Efficiency of some iron-thionine photogalvanic cell, Solar Energy, 3 (4), 1-7 (1959) @No $ @ @ Peter D., David R., Hobart, Norman, Litchin N., Dale E., Hall A., John and Eckert, Sensitization of an iron-thazina photogalvanic cell to the blue: An improved match to the insolation spectrum, Solar Energy, 19(5), 567-570 (1977) @No $ @ @ Hall D.E., Wildes P.D. and Lichtin N.N., Electrodic phenomena at the anode of the totally illuminated, thin layer iron–thionine photogalvanic cell, J. Electrochem. Soc., 125(.9), 1365-1371 (1978) @No $ @ @ Nasielski J., A. Kirsch-De Mesmaeker and Leempoel P., The photoelectrochmistry of the RhodamineB-hydroquinone system at optically transparent bubbling gas electrodes, Electrochim. Acta,23(7), 605-611 (1978) @No $ @ @ Shigehara K., Nishimura M. and Tsuchida E., Photogalvanic effect of thin layer photo cell composed of thionine/Fe (II) systems, Electrochem., Acta,23(9), 855-860 (1978) @No $ @ @ Ti tien H. and James Mountz M., Photo-galvano-voltaic cell: A new approach to the use of solar energy, Int. J. Energy Res.,2(2), 197-200 (1978) @No $ @ @ John W., Albery and Andre Foulds W., Photogalvanic cell, J. Photochem., 10(1), 41-57 (1979) @No $ @ @ Ameta S.C., Khamesra S.., Chittora A.K. and Gangotri K.M., Used of sodium Lauryl sulphate in a photogalvanic cell for solar energy conversion and storage: methylene blue –EDTA system, Int. J. Energy Res.,13(6), 643-647 (1989) @No $ @ @ Ameta S.C., Khamesra S., Lodha S. and Ameta R., Use of thionine- EDTA system in photogalvanic cell for solar energy conversion, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem.,48(1), 81-86 (1989) @No $ @ @ Dube S., Lodha A., Sharma S.L. and Ameta S.C., Use of an Azur-A-NTA system in a photogalvanic cell for solar energy conversion, Int. J. Energy Res.,17(.5), 359-363 (1993) @No $ @ @ Gangotri K.M., Meena R.C., and Meena R., Use of miscelles in photogalvanic cells for solar energy conversion and storage: cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide-glucose-toluidine blue system, J. Photochem., Photobiol. A: Chem.,123(1-3), 93-97 1999) @ Gangotri K.M. and Meena R.C., Use of reductant and photosensitizer in photogalvanic cell for solar energy conversion and storage: oxalic acid – methyline blue system, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem.,141(2), 175-177 (2001) @No $ @ @ Meena R.C., Singh G., Tyagi N. and Kumari M., Studies of surfactants in photogalvanic cells-NaLS –EDTA and Azur- B, J. Chem. Sci.,116(3), 179-184 (2004) @No $ @ @ Genwa K.R. and Gangotri K.M., Comparative studies in anionic cationic and non ionic surfactant in photogalvanic cells for solar energy conversion and storage. Point of view: Nitrilotriacidic–Azur B system, J. Indian Chem. Soc.,81(7), 592-594 (2004) @No $ @ @ Bhimwal M.K. and Gangotri K.M. A Comparative Study on the performance of photogalvanic cell with different photosensitizers for solar energy conversion and storage : D-Xylose-NaLS systems, Energy,36, 1324-1331 (2011) @No $ @ @ Gangotri P. and Gangotri K.M. Studies of the Micellar Effect on Photogalvanics : Solar Energy Conversion and Storage – EDTA-Safranine O-CTAB System, Arb.J. Sci. Engg.,35(1A), 19-28 (2010) @No $ @ @ Genwa K.R. and sagar C.P., Role of Carmine inTween 60 – Ascorbic Acid System for Energy Conversion, Res. J. Recent Sci.,1(ISC – 2011) @No $ @ @ , 62-66 (2012) @No $ @ @ Genwa K.R. and Chouhan Anju, Optimum efficiency of photogalvanic cell for solar energy conversion and storage containing Brilliant Black PN-Ammonium lauryl Sulphate-EDTA system, Res. J. Recent Sci.,1(ISC-2011), 117-121(2012) @No $ @ @ Chandra Mahesh and Meena R.C., Role of Photo sensitizer-Reductant for Generation of Electrical Energy in Photo galvanic Cell, Res. J. Chem. Sci.,1(1) 63 (2011) @No $ @ @ Paras Manoj Kumar and Rai Jagdish, On the Energy Estimation of Lighting Dishcarge, Res. J. Recent. Sci.,1(9), 36-40, (2012) @No $ @ @ Manmeeta, Saxena Dhiraj, Sharma G.D. and Roy M.S., Improved performance of oxidized Alizarin based Quasi solid state Dye Sensitized solar cell by surface Treatment, Res. J. Chem. Sci.,2(2), 61-71, (2012) @No $ @ @ Tamilarasi T. and Ananthi T., Phytochemical Analysis and Anti Microbial Activity of Mimosa pudica Linn, Res. J. Chem. Sci.,2(2), 72-74, (2012) @No $ @ @ Ozuomba J.O., Edebeatu C.C., Opara M.F., Udoye M.C. and Okonkwo N.A., Performance of a Solar Water Distillation Kit fabricated from Local materials, Res. J. Chem. Sci.,2(3), 64-67, (2012) @No $ @ @ Deshannavar U.B. Murgod A.A., Golangade M.S., Koli P.B., Banerjee Samyak and Naik N.M., Photo-Oxidation Process? Application for Removal of color from Textile Industry Effluent, Res. J. Chem. Sci.,2(10), 75-79, (2012) @No <#LINE#>Electrochemical Reduction of p-Nitrobenzamide at Stainless (SS-316) Electrode in Basic Media<#LINE#>S.K.@Sharma,I.K.@Sharma,P.S.@Verma<#LINE#>26-29<#LINE#>5.ISCA-RJCS-2012-240.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Kota, Kota, Rajasthan, INDIA @ Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, INDIA<#LINE#>26/11/2012<#LINE#>19/12/2012<#LINE#> Cyclic voltammograms of p-nitrobenzamide were recorded at different pH (5.0, 7.0 and 9.0) to establish the optimum conditions of its reduction. The reduction of p-nitrobenzamide was thereafter carried out galvanostatically at pH = 9.0 using Stainless (SS-316) as a working electrode. 4, 4’- icarbamoylazobenzene was obtained in which was good yield (91.2%) isolated then purified by chromatographic techniques and characterized on the basis of spectral analysis.<#LINE#> @ @ Shano T., Electro-organic Chemistry as a New Tool in Organic Synthesis, Springer, New York (1984) @No $ @ @ Torri S., Electro-Oraglanic Synthesis, Kodansha, Tokyo (1985) @No $ @ @ Singhal N., Sharma I.K. and Verma P.S., Trans. SAEST, 32, 77 (1997) @No $ @ @ Sangeeta Gupta, ph. D. Thesis, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India (1999) @No $ @ @ Singhal N., Sharma I.K. and Verma P.S., Electrochemical Reduction of -nitrophenol at Stainless Steel Electrodes, J.Electrochem.Soc, India,43(3) 203-204 (1998) @No $ @ @ Gurjer V.S., Verma P.S, Mukherji S.K. and Tandon K.N., The Electrochemical Reduction of -Dinitrobenzene in Neutral and Basic Methanol-Water Medium at Stainless Steel (Type316) Cathode, Trans SAEST, 28, 145 (1993) @No $ @ @ Malik R., Sharma I.K. and Verma P.S, Electrochemical Reduction of -Nitro Toluene at Stainless Steel (SS316) Cathode in Basic Aqueous Methanol Medium, Bull.Electrochem., 15, 529-530 (1999) @No $ @ @ Yadav S.R, Goyal P., Sharma A., Verma P.S. and Sharma I.K., Electrochemical Reduction of Benzil and Salicylaldehyde at Stainless Steel Cathode in Basic Aqueous Methanol Medium, Indian Chem.Soc, 79, 695-607 (2002) @No $ @ @ Yadav S.R., Yadav R., Sharma A., Sharma I.K. and Verma P.S., Electrochemical Reduction of o-Amino Acetophenone at Stainless Steel Cathode in Basic Aqueous Methanol Medium, Bull.Electrochem,18(2), 87-90 (2002) @No $ @ @ Sharma S.K.,Sharma I.K and P.S. Verma., Chemo Selective Reduction Of Aromatic Nitro Compounds to Aromatic Amines By Baker’s Yeast in Basic Solution,Int. J. Applied chemistry, 8(1), 1-4 (2012) @No <#LINE#>Pt, Pd Supported on Niobium Phosphates as Catalysts for the Hydrogen Oxidation<#LINE#>V.V.@Lisnyak,E.V.@Ischenko,D.A.@Stratiichuk,A.N.@Zaderko,O.Yu.@Boldyrieva,V.V.@Safonova,A.V.@Yatsymyrskyi<#LINE#>30-33<#LINE#>6.ISCA-RJCS-2012-241.pdf<#LINE#>Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, 01601 Kyiv, UKRAINE @ V.N. Bakul Institute for Superhard Materials, 04074 Kyiv, UKRAINE<#LINE#>27/11/2012<#LINE#>29/1/2013<#LINE#> Niobium phosphates NbP and NbPO were synthesized by using convenient synthetic routs. The catalysts, namely, Pt or Pd metals supported on NbP and NbPO, were prepared by the impregnation method and characterized by means of miscellaneous techniques. Activity measurements of the H oxidation reaction were performed over PGM/NbP, PGM/NbPO, and PGM/Al (PGM = Pt or Pd) catalysts, the latter were used for comparison reasons, in the gas mixture with oxygen excess (H:O:Ar = 1:20:79 vol.%). It was found that for catalysts with the same platinum group metal (PGM) loading of 0.5 wt. %, the catalytic activity of Pt and Pd supported on the niobium phosphates was higher than that of Pt and Pd supported on alpha-Al, correspondingly. The results showed that the conversion of H is dependent on chemical nature of supports, and the activity of the catalysts decreases in the order of PGM/NbP > PGM/NbPO > PGM/Al. The enhanced activity of Pt/NbP and Pd/NbP catalysts is attributed to the presence of Nb4+/Nb5+states in the NbP. These states can promote the generation of easily reduced oxygen species, which are active in the catalytic H oxidation. <#LINE#> @ @ Pathak C., Mandalia H.C. and Rupala Y.M., Biofuels: Indian Energy Scenario,Res. J. Recent Sci.,1(4), 88-90 (2012) @No $ @ @ Chikwe T.N., Osuji L.C., Ogali R.E. and Okoye I.P., Effects of petroleum condensate / diesel mixture on diesel engines,Res. J. Recent Sci.,2(1), 1-8 (2013) @No $ @ @ Dhanalakshmi Sridevi V., Srinivasan S.V., Kayalvizhi R. and Bhuvaneswari R., Studies on conversion of carbohydrate content in the mixture of vegetable wastes into biogas in a single stage anaerobic reactor, Res. . Chem. Sci., 2(6), 66-71 (2012) @No $ @ @ Myers C., Hydrogen and fuel cell development plan –roadmap, USA Department of Energy, Washington, (2012) @No $ @ @ Veselovskyi V.L., Ischenko E.V., Zakharova T.M. and Lisnyak V.V., The effect of gas reaction mixture on the performance of CuO/Cu(OH)NO(Co2+/Fe3+) composite catalyst in the CO-PROX reaction, Res. . Chem. Sci., 2(5),42-50 (2012) @No $ @ @ Pandey Bh. and Fulekar M.H., Environmental management - strategies for chemical disaster, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(1), 111-117 (2011) @No $ @ @ Pandey B. and Fulekar M.H., Nanotechnology: remediation technologies to clean up the environmental pollutants, Res. . Chem. Sci., 2(2), 90-96 (2012) @No $ @ @ Bond G.C. and Webb G., SPR Catalysis, Vol. 8, Royal Society of Chemistry (GB), Cambridge (1989) @No $ @ @ Anderson J.A. and García M.F., Supported metals in catalysis, Catalytic Science Series, Imperial College Press, London (2005) @No $ @ @ Hatano M. and Kinoshita H., Characterization of the Pt/BYPO catalyst and its activity for selective reduction of NO by hydrocarbon, Appl. Surf. Sci., 121-122, 278-285 (1997) @No $ @ @ Tada A., Phosphates and hydrogeno-phosphates as materials for catalysts and humidity sensors, Phosphorus Res. Bull., 15, 100-109 (2004) @No $ @ @ Huang J.-Sh., Zhang X.-G., Luo J.-M., Sun J.-Yu and Yang W.-J., Oxygen reduction reaction on (Pt–NbPO)/MWCNTs electrodes prepared by microwave irradiation method, . Solid State Electrochem., 12(1), 113-119 (2008) @No $ @ @ Bouwman P.J., Dmowski W., Stanley J., Cotten G.B. and Swider-Lyons K.E., Platinum iron phosphates for oxygen reduction in PEMFCs, J. Electrochem. Soc., 151(12), A1989-A1998 (2004) @No $ @ @ Kim Ch., Lee B., Park Ye., Park B., Lee J. and Kim H., Iron-phosphate/platinum/carbon nanocomposites for enhanced electrocatalytic stability, Appl. Phys. Lett., 91(11), 113101-1-113101-3 (2007) @No $ @ @ Lee B., Kim C., Park Y., Kim T.G. and Park B., Nanostructured platinum/iron phosphate thin-film electrodes for methanol oxidation, Electrochem. Solid State Lett., 9(10), E27-E30 (2006) @No $ @ @ Weng W., Davies M., Whiting G., Solsona B., Kiely C.J., Carley A.F. and Taylor S.H., Niobium phosphates as new highly selective catalysts for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 13(38), 17395-17404 (2011) @No $ @ @ Matsuura I. and Kimura N., Oxidation and ammoxidation of propane over tetragonal type M5+OPO catalysts, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 82, 271-279 (1994) @No $ @ @ Bayot D.A. and Devillers M.M., Precursors routes for the preparation of Nb based multimetallic oxides, Progress in Solid State Chemistry Research, Buckley R.W. (Ed.), Nova Publishers, New York, 117-164 (2007) @No $ @ @ Fukuoka H., Imoto H. and Saito T., Preparation of cubic niobium pyrophosphate containing Nb(IV) and topotactic extraction of phosphorus atoms, . Solid State Chem., 119(1), 98-106 (1995) @No $ @ @ Lisnyak V.V., Safonova V.V., Ischenko E.V., Stratiichuk D.A., Boldyrieva O.Yu. and Yatsymyrskyi A.V., Preparation and activity of Pt (Pd)/WP catalysts for HOxidation,Res. J. Recent Sci.,2(6), 50-54 (2012) @No $ @ @ PDF-2 Data Base JCPDS-ICDD 2007. JCPDS International Centre for Diffraction Data: Newtown Square, PA, USA (2007) @No <#LINE#>Isotherm and Kinetics of As(III) Uptake from Aqueous Solution by Cinnamomum zeylanicum<#LINE#>Al-Mamun@M,M.@Poostforush,Mukul@S.A.,Subhan@M.A.<#LINE#>34-41<#LINE#>7.ISCA-RJCS-2013-003.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, BANGLADESH @ Department of Polymer Engineering, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, IRAN @ School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane Qld 4072, AUSTRALIA <#LINE#>30/12/2012<#LINE#>10/1/2013<#LINE#> Cinnamon-bark (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) powder (CP) was investigated to evaluate the As(III) biosorption capability from aqueous solution. Biosorption behavior of As(III) was studied by batch column experiments. The adsorption phenomenon were analyzed with various experimental variables such as solution pH, sorbent amount, agitation speed, initial As(III) concentration and temperature. Maximum sorption was occurred at pH 5.0 while the equilibrium was established in 8 h. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were employed for fitting the experimental data. The maximum sorption capacity of CP was observed to be 36.311 g g-1. The biosorption kinetics was speculated to follow pseudo-first-order kinetic model (R =0.998) with the sorption rate of 15.340×10-3 min-1 for the initial As(III) concentration of 500 g L-1. The biosorbent material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The activation energy (E) and heat of biosorption (H) were calculated to be 17.780 and 30.724 kJ mol-1 respectively. Thermodynamic parameters were evaluated which revealed the spontaneous nature of biosorption on CP accompanied with the physical activated process. The break through characteristics of C. zeylanicum packed column was also investigated by small scale column tests (SSCT). <#LINE#> @ @ Matini L., Tathy C. and Moutou J.M., Seasonal Groundwater Quality Variation in Brazzaville, Congo, Res. J. chem. sci.,2(1), 7 14 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mandal B.K. and Suzuki K.T., Arsenic round the world: a review, Talanta, 58, 201 235 (2002) @No $ @ @ Choong T.S.Y., Chuah T.G., Robiah Y., Gregory Koay F.L. and Azni I., Arsenic toxicity, health hazards and removal techniques from water: an overview, Desalination, 217, 139 166 (2007) @No $ @ @ Chowdhury U.K., Biswas B.K., Chowdhury T.R., Samanta G., Mandal B.K., Basu G.C., et al., Groundwater Arsenic Contamination in Bangladesh and West Bengal, India, Environ. Health. Perspect., 108393 397 (2000) @No $ @ @ Bissen M. and Frimmel F.H., Arsenic ? a Review. Part I: Occurrence, Toxicity, Speciation, Mobility, Acta Hydrochim. Hydrobiol., 31, 9 18 (2003) @No $ @ @ Amin M.N., Kaneco S., Kitagawa T., Begum A., Katsumata H., Suzuki T., et al., Removal of Arsenic in Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption onto Waste Rice Husk, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 458105 8110 (2006) @No $ @ @ L.Chandra L., Reddy S., Reddy K.V.R., Humane S.K. and Damodaram B., Accumulation of Chromium in Certain plant Species Growing on Mine Dump from Byrapur, Karnataka, India,Res. J. Chem. Sci., 2(12), 17 20 (2012) @No $ @ @ Rahaman M.S., Basu A. and Islam M.R., The removal of As(III) and As(V) from aqueous solutions by waste materials, Bioresour. Technol., 99, 2815 2823 (2008) @No $ @ @ Kinhikar V.R., Removal of Nickel (II) from Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption with Granular Activated Carbon (GAC), Res. J. chem. sci.,2(6), 6 11 (2012) @No $ @ @ Karnitz Jr. O., Gurgel L.V.A., de Melo J.C.P., Botaro V.R., Melo T.M.S., de Freitas Gil R.P., et al., Adsorption of heavy metal ion from aqueous single metal solution by chemically modified sugarcane bagasse, Bioresour. Technol., 981291 1297 (2007) @No $ @ @ Al-Sultani K.F. and Al-Seroury F.A., Characterization the Removal of Phenol from Aqueous Solution in Fluidized Bed Column by Rice Husk AdsorbentRes. J. Recent Sci.,1(ISC-2011), 145 151 (2012) @No $ @ @ Kamsonlian S., Balomajumder C. and Chand S., Removal of As (III) from Aqueous Solution by Biosorption onto Maize (Zea mays) Leaves Surface: Parameters Optimization, Sorption Isotherm, Kinetic and Thermodynamics Studies, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(5)73-79 2011) @No $ @ @ Al-Mamun M., Yousuf M.A. and Subhan M.A., Efficiency of some bio-adsorbents for mitigation of arsenic from drinking water, J. Bangladesh Chem. Soc., 2272 76 2009) @No $ @ @Islam M.J., Hossain M.R., Yousuf A. and Subhan M.A., Removal of arsenic from drinking water using bio-adsorbent, Proc. Pakistan Acad. Sci., 44, 157 164 (2007) @No $ @ @ Zhang Q.L., Lin Y.C., Chen X. and Gao N.Y., A method for preparing ferric activated carbon composites adsorbents to remove arsenic from drinking water, J. Hazard. Mater., 148671 678 (2007) @No $ @ @ Arbab-Zavar M.H. and Hashemi M., Evaluation of electrochemical hydride generation for spectrophotometric determination of As(III) by silver diethyldithiocarbamate, Talanta, 521007 1014 (2000) @No $ @ @ Gundogdu A., Ozdes D., Duran C., Bulut V.N., Soylak M. and Senturk H.B., Biosorption of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution by pine bark (Pinus brutia Ten.), Chem. Eng. J., 15362 69 (2009) @No $ @ @ Francis A. R. and Masilamai D., Removal of Zinc (II) by Non Living Biomass of Agaricus Bisporus, Res. J. Recent Sci.,1(9), 13-17 (2012) @No $ @ @ Fan T., Liu Y., Feng B., Zeng G., Yang C., Zhou M., et al., Biosorption of cadmium(II), zinc(II) and lead(II) by Penicillium simplicissimum: Isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamics, J. Hazard. Mater., 160655 661 (2008) @No $ @ @ Shafique U., Ijaz A., Salman M., Zaman Wu., Jamil N., Rehman R., et al., Removal of arsenic from water using pine leaves, Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 43256 263 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ranjan D., Talat M. and Hasan S.H., Biosorption of arsenic from aqueous solution using agricultural residue ‘rice polish’, J. Hazard. Mater., 1661050 1059 (2009) @No $ @ @ Kumar U. and Acharya J., Fixed Bed Column Study for the Removal of Lead from Aquatic Environment by NCRH, Res. J. Recent Sci.,2(1), 9 12 (2013) @No $ @ @ Wasiuddin N.M., Tango M. and Islam M.R., A Novel Method for Arsenic Removal at Low Concentrations, Energy Sources, 24, 1031 1041 (2002) @No $ @ @ Wu Y., Wen Y., Zhou J., Cao J., Jin Y. and Wu Y., Comparative and competitive adsorption of Cr(VI), As(III), and Ni(II) onto coconut charcoal, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, , 1 10 (2012) @No $ @ @ Hasan S.H., Ranjan D. and Talat M., Rice Polish for the Removal of Arsenic from Aqueous Solution: Optimization of Process Variables, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 48, 4194 4201 2009) @No $ @ @ Wu Y., Wen Y., Zhou J., Dai Q. and Wu Y., The characteristics of waste Saccharomyces cerevisiae biosorption of arsenic(III), Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 19, 3371 3379 (2012) @No $ @ @ Tavares D., Lopes C., Coelho J., Sánchez M., Garcia A.,Duarte A., et al., Removal of Arsenic from Aqueous Solutions by Sorption onto Sewage Sludge-Based Sorbent,Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 223, 2311−2321 (2012) @No $ <#LINE#>Use of Sunflower and Cottonseed Oil to prepare Biodiesel by catalyst assisted Transesterification<#LINE#>Neha@Patni,Chintan@Bhomia,Pallavi@Dasgupta,Neha@Tripathi<#LINE#>42-47<#LINE#>8.ISCA-RJCS-2013-004.pdf<#LINE#> Chemical Engineering Department, Nirma Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, INDIA<#LINE#>31/12/2012<#LINE#>22/1/2013<#LINE#> Environmental concerns and energy crisis of the world has led to the search of viable alternatives to the fossil fuel, FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) is environment friendly, alternative, and nontoxic, safe, biodegradable has a high flash point and is also termed as Bio-Diesel. It is commonly produced by the process transesterification. For its production, establishment of suitable process, selection of proper feedstock and reaction parameters is of utmost importance in present scenario. This paper is an attempt to compare two production process viz. base catalyzed and two stage acid-base catalyzed for two possible feedstock viz. sunflower oil and cottonseed oil. The transesterification was done for both feed stocks by varying the catalyst as sodium methoxide, NaOH and KOH. The change in catalyst and process was found to affect the conversion of feed stock into biodiesel using magnetic stirring assisted with microwave. It was found that for both the feed stocks, the two stage process gave greater conversion to biodiesel as compared to base catalyzed process. Using methoxide as catalyst, the cottonseed oil gave a conversion of 98% in base catalyzed process as compared to 98.89% in two stage process. Similarly, in case of sunflower oil, greater conversion of 99.05% was found using KOH as catalyst in using two stage processes than that of 98.9% using only base catalyzed process. The FFA content also showed higher reduction in FFA content of 0.34% in case of two stage transesterification as compared to 1.1% in base catalyzed transesterification using KOH with cottonseed oil. Hence it can be concluded that the two stage acid-base catalyzed transesterification is more efficient in producing biodiesel as compared to base catalyzed transesterification alone. <#LINE#> @ @ Ramadhas A.S., Jayaraj S., Muraleedhara C., Biodiesel production from high FFA rubber seed oil, J .Fuel, 84 (4), 335–340, (2005) @No $ @ @ Sharma Y.C., Singh B., Upadhyay S.N., Advancements in development and characterization of biodiesel: A review, J. Fuel, 87 (12), 2355-2373, (2008) @No $ @ @ Patni N., Biodiesel and Ethanol: a viable alternate to conventional fuel, (2011) @No $ @ @ Patni N., Feedstocks, production and benefits of using Biodiesel; Proceedings of International conference on Renewable Energy, (2011) @No $ @ @ AzamMohibbe M., Waris A., Nahar N.M., Prospects and potential of fatty acid methyl esters of some non-traditional seed oils for use as biodiesel in India, J. Biomas.andBioene., 29 (4), 293–302, (2005) @No $ @ @ Marchetti J.M., Migual V.U., Errazu A.F., Possible methods for biodiesel production, J. Rene. and Sustain. Ene. Rev., 11 (1), 1300–1311, (2007) @No $ @ @ Sharma Y.C., Singh B., Development of biodiesel from karanja, a tree found in rural India, J. Fuel, 87 (1), (2007) @No $ @ @ Sahoo P.K., Das L.M., Babu M.K.G., Naik S.N., Biodiesel development from high acid value polanga seed oil and performance evaluation in a CI engine, J. Fuel, 86 (1), 448–454, (2007) @No $ @ @ Demirbas A., Importance of biodiesel as transportation fuel, J. Ene. Policy, 35 (9), 4661–4670, (2007) @No $ @ @ Bajpai D., Tyagi V.K., Biodiesel: Source, Production, Composition, Properties and Its benefits, J. Oleo Sci.,55 (10), 487-502, (2006) @No $ @ @ Balat M., Balat H., A critical review of biodiesel as a vehicular fuel, Elseveir, 49 (1), 2727-2741, (2008) @No $ @ @ Sarin R., Sharma M., Sinharay S., Malhotra R.K., Jatropha-palm biodiesel blends: an optimum mix for Asia, J. Fuel, 86 (1), 1365–1371, (2007) @No $ @ @ Wang Y., Ou S., Liu P., Zhang Z., Preparation of biodiesel from waste cooking oil via two-step catalyzed process, J. Ene. Conv. and Manage.48 (1),184–188, (2007) @No $ @ @ Fukuda H., Kondo A., Noda H., Biodiesel fuel production by transesterification of oils, J.BiosciBioeng,92 (5), 405–416, (2001) @No $ @ @ Leung D.Y.C., Guo Y., 2006. Transesterification of neat and used frying oil: Optimization for biodiesel production, J. Fuel Processing Tech., 87 (10), 883–890, (2006) @No $ @ @ Demirbas A., Recent developments in biodiesel fuels, Int. J. Green Ene., 4 (10), 15-26. @No $ @ @ Vyas Amish P., VermaJaswnat L.,Subrahmanyam N., A review on FAME production processes, J. Fuel,89 (1), 1-9, (2010) @No $ @ @ Wang C.W., Zhou, Chen W., Wang, Wu Y.X., Zhang J,F., Chi R.A.,Ying W.Y., Effect of Weak Acids as a Catalyst on the Trans esterification of Soybean Oil in Supercritical Methanol , J.Ene. Fuels,22 (5), 3479-3483, (2008) @No $ @ @ Ogunwole O.A. Production of Biodiesel from Jatropha Oil (Curcas Oil), Res. J.Chem. Sci., 2(11), 30-33,(2012) @No $ @ @ Musa Umaru ,FolorushoAberuagba, Characteristics of a Typical Nigerian Jatropha curcas oil Seeds for Biodiesel Production, Res. J. Chem.Sci, 2(10), 7-12, (2012) @No $ @ @ Ananadhi Padmanabhan M.R, Shaleesha A. Stanley, Microalgae as an Oil Producer for Biofuel Applications, Res.J.Recent Sci.,1(3), 57-62, (2012) @No <#LINE#>Synthesis, Spectral characterization and Crystal structure of [Cd(4-AAP) 2(NO2)2] (4-AAP= 4-Aminoantipyrine<#LINE#>K.@Rajasekar,Ramach@,@ramoorthyT.,S.@Balasubramaniyan<#LINE#>48-51<#LINE#>9.ISCA-RJCS-2013-005.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College, Ariyalur-621713, INDIA PG and Research @ Department of Chemistry, Bishop Heber College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli-620 017, INDIA<#LINE#>6/1/2013<#LINE#>13/1/2013<#LINE#> The complex [CdII(NO] (L= 4-aminoantipyrine) was synthesized and the structural aspects of the complex were determined from elemental analysis, EC measurement, IR, NMR spectra and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The spectral and X-ray diffraction studies of the complex indicate that the crystal system is monoclinic with the P2/n space group. The cadmium ion in this compound is eight coordinated with two bidentate nitrite groups and two bidentate 4-aminoantipyrine ligands with extended coordination. The nitrite ions and 4-aminoantipyrine molecules are bidentated to the metal ion and form four member chelate rings. The geometry of the complex is distorted dodecahedron. <#LINE#> @ @ Bhutani S.P., Organic Chemistry, 1st Edn., Ane Books, India, 112 (2007) @No $ @ @ Acheson R.M., Introduction to Heterocyclic Compounds, 4thEdn., John Wiley and Sons, New York, 354-364 (2009) @No $ @ @ Agarwal R.K., Singh I. and Sharma D.K., Synthesis, Spectral and Biological properties of Copper(II) Complexes of Thiosemicarbazones of Sciff Bases derived from 4-Aminoantipyrine and Aromatic Aldehyde, Bio.Chem.Appl., 1-10 (2006) @No $ @ @ Bansal Raj K., Heterocyclic Chemistry, 4th Edn., New Age International Publisher, New York, 454 (2010) @No $ @ @ Joule J.A. and Mills K., Heterocyclic Chemistry, 4th Edn., Black Well Publishing Company, 439 (2008) @No $ @ @ Yogesh Kumar Vaghasiya, Rathish Nair, Mayur Soni, Shipra Baluja and Sumitha Chanda, Synthesis, Structural Determination and Antibacterial Activity of Compounds derived from Vanillin and 4-Aminoantipyrine, J.Serb.Chem.Soc., 69(12), 991-998 (2004) @No $ @ @ Anupama B., Padmaja M. and. Gyananakumari C., Synthesis, Characterization, Biological Activity and DNA Studies of Metal Complexes with 4-Aminoantipyrine Schiff Base Ligand, E-Journal of Chemistry., 9(1), 389-400 (2012) @No $ @ @ Elemike E.E., Oviawe A.P. and. Otuokere I.E., Potentiation of the Antimicrobial Activity of 4-Benzylimino-2, 3-Dimethyl-1-Phenylpyrazal-5-One by Metal Chelation, Research Journal Chemical Sciences, 1(8), 6-11 (2011) @No $ @ @ Ahamed A. Fadda. and. Khaled. M.Elattar., Synthesis of Novel Azo Disperse dyes Derived from 4-Aminoantipyrine and their Applications to Polyester Fabrics, American Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2(3), 52-57 (2012) @No $ @ @ Raman N., Dhaveethu Raja J. and Sakthivel A., Synthesis, Spectral Characterization of Schiff base Transition metal comp [lexes, DNA cleavage and antimicrobial activity studies, J.Chem.Sci.,119(4), 303-310 (2007) @No $ @ @ Madison., Wisconsin, Bruker APEX2, SAINT-Plus. and XPREP., Bruker AXS Inc., USA (2004) @No $ @ @ Sheldrick G.M., Acta Cryst., (A) 64(2008) @No $ @ @ Josifina Pons, Jordi Garcia-Anton., Ruben Jimenez., Xavier Solans, Merce Font-Bardia., Josep Ros., Preparation and structural characterization of a Cd(II) complex with unusual geometry, Inorganic Chemistry Communications, 10, 1554 (2007) @No $ @ @ Huheey J.E., Keiter E.A. and Keiter R.L., Inorganic Chemistry, Principle of Structure and Reactivity 4th Edn., Addition- Wiley Publishing Company, New York, 508 (2000) @No $ @ @ Sabbani Supria., Simple inorganic complexes but intricate hydrogen bonding networks: synthesis and crystal structures of [M(opda)2(NO3)2] (M= Zn and Cd), J.Chem. Sci., 2, 112–122 (2009) @No <#LINE#>Treatment of Kulim and Kuala Sepetang Landfills Leachates in Malaysia using Poly-Aluminium Chloride (PACl)<#LINE#>NoorAinee@Zainol,HamidiAbdul@Aziz,Ibrahim@Nurazim<#LINE#>52-57<#LINE#>10.ISCA-RJCS-2013-008.pdf<#LINE#> School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, MALAYSIA <#LINE#>9/1/2013<#LINE#>31/1/2013<#LINE#> The main concern in sanitary landfill management is leachate generation that is known to be highly polluted wastewater. Migrations of untreated leachates are potential sources of hazardous contaminants in soil, groundwater and surface water. This paper is focused on landfill leachate treatment by coagulation-flocculation process using poly-aluminum chloride (PACl) as coagulant. The performance of PACl was evaluated by removal of suspended solid (SS), turbidity, colour, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH-N) by jar-test experiments. Samples used in this study were collected from Kulim Landfill Site (KLS) and Kuala Sepetang Landfill Site (KSLS) in Malaysia. The results show that, pH optimum for KLS was obtained at pH 7 while KSLS at pH 6. In this study, optimum dosage of PACl for KLS and KSLS leachates was concluded at 500 mg/L and 1000 mg/L respectively. At optimum dosage, PACl successfully removed 98% SS, 92% turbidity, 100% colour, and 70% COD in KLS leachates while the removal percentage of SS, turbidity, colour and COD in KSLS leachate were 94%, 96%, 95%, and 70% respectively. These results showed a good performance of PACl as coagulants in landfill leachates treatment. However, PACl was less effective in treating NH-N. Low removal efficiency may be due to NH-N and PACl cationic nature, it is suggested that additional of coagulant aids with anionic characteristic may improve the performance of coagulation–flocculation process in removing contaminants like NH-N in landfill leachates. <#LINE#> @ @ Zainol N. A., Aziz H. A., and Yusoff M. S., Characterization of Leachate from Kuala Sepetang and Kulim Landfills: A Comparative Study, Energy and Environment Research,2(2), 45 (2012) @No $ @ @ Abbas A. A., Jingsong G., Ping L. Z., Ya P. Y., and Al-Rekabi W. S., Review on Landfill Leachate Treatment, Journal of Applied Sciences Research,5 (5)534-545 (2009) @No $ @ @ Kjeldsen P., M. A. Barlaz, A. P. Rooker, A. Baun, A. Ledin, and T. H. Christensen. Present and long-term composition of MSW landfill leachate: A review, Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 32(4), 297-336 (2002) @No $ @ @ Mane T.T. and Hingane H.N., Existing situation of Solid Waste Management in Pune City, India, Research Journal of Recent Sciences,1(ISC-2011) , 348-351 (2012) @No $ @ @ Aziz S. Q., Aziz H. A., Yusoff M. S., Bashir M. J. K., and M. Umar M., Leachate characterization in semi-aerobic and anaerobic sanitary landfills: A comparative study, Journal of Environmental Management,91(12), 2608-2614 (2010) @No $ @ @ Umar M., Aziz H. A., and Yusoff M. S., Variability of parameters involved in leachate pollution index and determination of LPI from four landfills in Malaysia, International Journal of Chemical Engineering, 1-6 (2010) @No $ @ @ Tatsi A. A., and Zouboulis A. I., A field investigation of the quantity and quality of leachate from a municipal solid waste landfill in a Mediterranean climate (Thessaloniki, Greece), Advances in Environmental Research,6(3), 207-219 (2002) @No $ @ @ Aziz H.A., Hin L.T., Adlan M.N., Zahari M.S., Alias S., Abufoul A.A.M., Selamat M.R., Bashir M.J.K., Ysoff M.S., Umar M., Removal of high-strength colour from semi-aerobic stabilized landfill leachate via adsorption on limestone and activated carbon mixture, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences,1(6), 1-7 (2011) @No $ @ @ Ghafari S., Aziz H. A., and Bashir M. J. K., The use of poly-aluminum chloride and alum for the treatment of partially stabilized leachate: A comparative study, Desalination, 257(1), 110-116 (2005) @No $ @ @ Rivas F. J., Beltrán F., Carvalho F., Acedo B., and Gimeno O., Stabilized leachates: sequential coagulation-flocculation+ chemical oxidation process, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 116(1), 95-102 (2004) @No $ @ @ Tats, A.A., Zouboulis A. I., Matis K. A., and Samaras P., Coagulation-flocculation pretreatment of sanitary landfill leachates, Chemosphere, 53(7), 737-744 (2003) @No $ @ @ Rui L.M., Daud Z., and Latif A.A.A., Treatment of leachate by Coagulation-Flocculation using different coagulants and polymer: A Review, International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 2(2), 1-4 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ghafari S., Aziz H. A., Isa M. H., and Zinatizadeh A. A., Application of response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize coagulation and flocculation treatment of leachate using poly-aluminum chloride (PAC) and alum, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 163(2), 650-656 (2009) @No $ @ @ Vijayaraghavan G., Sivakumar T., and Kumar A. V., Application of plant based coagulants for waste water treatment, International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Studies, 1(1), 88-92 (2011) @No $ @ @ Shammas N.K., Coagulation and flocculation. Physicochemical treatment processes, 103-139 (2005) @No $ @ @ APHA, Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 21st Ed. American Public Health Association, Washington D.C. (2005) @No $ @ @ Aziz H. A., Alias S., Assari F., and Adlan M. N., The use of alum, ferric chloride and ferrous sulphate as coagulants in removing suspended solids, colour and COD from semi-aerobic landfill leachate at controlled pH, Waste Management & Research, 25(6), 556-565 (2007) @No $ @ @ Kulikowska D., and E. Klimiuk., The effect of landfill age on municipal leachate composition, Bioresource Technology, 99(13), 5981-5985 (2008) @No $ @ @ Zainol N. A., Aziz H. A., Yusoff M. S., and Umar M., The use of polyaluminum chloride for the treatment of landfill leachate via coagulation and flocculation processes, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 1(3), 35-39 (2011) @No $ @ @ Al-Hamadani Y. A. J., Yusoff M. S., Umar M., Bashir M. J. K.., and Adlan M. N., Application of psyllium husk as coagulant and coagulant aid in semi-aerobic landfill leachate treatment, Journal of Hazardous Materials,190 (1), 582-587 (2011) @No $ @ @ Aziz H. A., Alias S., Adlan M. N., Asaari A. H., and Zahari M. S., Colour removal from landfill leachate by coagulation and flocculation processes, Bioresource Technology, 98(1), 218-220 (2007) @No $ @ @ Ghafari S., Aziz H. A., and Isa M. H., Coagulation process for semi-aerobic leachate treatment using poly-aluminum chloride. In: Proceeding of the AEESEAP International Conference 2005, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (2005) @No <#LINE#>Biological Production of Xylitol from Corn Husk and Switchgrass by Pichia stiptis<#LINE#>Neeru@Chaudhary,Chandrajit@Balomajumder,Vidyasagar@Jagati<#LINE#>58-64<#LINE#>11.ISCA-RJCS-2013-014.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, INDIA<#LINE#>24/1/2013<#LINE#>4/2/2013<#LINE#> Xylitol is a naturally occurring sugar substitute and widely used sweetener. In the present study, xylitol was produced through biological reduction pathway using yeast strain Pichia stiptis CBS 5773 by extracting xylose from agricultural residue like corn husk and switchgrass hemicelluloses as substrate. Acid treatment with sulphuric acid followed by detoxification with 2% Ca(OH) was done to reduce the inhibiting factors like acetic, furfuryl and tannic acids and phenolic compounds. A comparative study of xylitol production using corn husk, switchgrass, their mixture (corn husk and switchgrass) and pure xylose was done. Yield of xylitol after 72 h of fermentation at 32°C and pH 5.7 using corn husk, switchgrass, their mixture and pure xylose was found to be 0.62 g, 0.48 g, 0.59 g and 0.73 g respectively per g of xylose initially present. Xylose consumption efficiency was 63.4%, 52%, 60% and 73% in corn husk, switchgrass, their mixture and pure xylose hydrolysates respectively under optimal condition. Therefore production was efficient using pure xylose and corn husk in comparison to switchgrass and mixture of corn husk and switchgrass under optimal condition. <#LINE#> @ @ Uhari M., Kontiokari T. and Niemela M., A Novel Use of Xylitol Sugar in Preventing Acute Otitis Media, Pediatrics,879–884 (1998) @No $ @ @ Hyvonen L. and Slotte M., Alternative Sweetening of yoghurt, J. 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Sugarcane bagasse, Bioresour. Technol., 69–80 (2000) @No $ @ @ Mancilha I.M. and Karim M.N., Evaluation of ion exchange resins for removal of inhibitory compounds from corn husk hydrolysates for xylitol fermentation, Biotechnol. Prog.,1837–1841 (2003) @No $ @ @ Dien B.S., Nichols N.N., Bryan P.J.O’, et al., Development of new ethanologenic Escherichia coli strains for fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass, Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 181–196 (2000) @No $ @ @ Cassland P. and Jonsson L.J., Characterization of a gene encoding trametes versicolor laccase A and improved heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by decreased cultivation temperature, Appl. Microbial biotechnol., 393–400 (1999) @No $ @ @ Dien B.S., Hespell R.B., Ingram L.O. et al., Conversion of corn milling fibrous co-products into ethanol by recombinant Escherichia coli strains K011 and SL40, World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 619–625 (1997) @No $ @ @ Rivas B., Torre P., Domfinguez J.M. et al., Carbon material and bioenergestic balances of xylitol production from corncob by Debaryomyces hansenii,Biotechnol. Prog., 706–713 (2003) @No $ @ @ Silva S.S., Maria G.A., Silva B.A. et al., Acid hydrolysis of Eucalyptus grandischips for microbial production of xylitol, Process Biochem., 63–67 (1998) @No $ @ @ Kadam K.L. and Mcmillan J.D., Availability of corn husk as a sustainable feedstock for bioethanol production, Bioresour. Technol., 17–25 (2003) @No $ @ @ Torget R., Walter P., Grohmann H.M.K., Dilute acid pretreatment of corn residues and short-rotation woody crops, Appl. Biochem. Biotech., 75–86 (1991) @No $ @ @ Updegraff D.M., Semi-micro determination of cellulose in biological materials, Anal. Biochem., 420–424 (1969) @No $ @ @ Roe J.H. and Rice E.W., A photometric method for the determination of free pentoses in animal tissues, J. Biol. 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The experimental activities include studying the factors affecting the adsorption process, like agitation time, pH of the adsorbate solution, dosage of the adsorbent and finally desorption. The equilibrium data were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich, and Redlich-Peterson isotherm models and pseudo first order and second order kinetic models. The experimental results demonstrated that Ni(II) can be effectively removed from aqueous solution and effluent by both the resins and the adsorption capacity of the strong acid resin, Amberlite200C was found to be slightly greater than the weak acid resin.<#LINE#> @ @ Monier M., Ayad D.M., Wei Y. and Sarhan A.A., Adsorption of Cu(II), Co(II), and Ni(II) ions by modified magnetic chitosan chelating resin, J. Hazard. Mater.,177, 962-967 (2010) @No $ @ @ Kinhikar V.R., Removal of Nickel from aqueous solutions by adsorption with granular activated carbon (GAC), Res J of Chemical Sci2(6), 6-11 (2012) @No $ @ @ Elshazly A.H. and Konsowa K.H., Removal of Nickel ions from waste water using a cation exchange resin in a batch-stirred tank reactor, Desalination, 158, 189-195 (2003) @No $ @ @ Mukerjee A.L., Environmental pollution and health hazards – causes and control, Golgotia Publications, New Delhi, India, (1986) @No $ @ @ Malkoc E. and Nuhoglu Y., Investigations of nickel (II) removal from aqueous solutions using tea factory waste, J. Hazard. Mater.127, 120-128 (2005) @No $ @ @ Carmona M., Warchol J., A de Lucas and Rodriguez J.F., Ion-exchange equilibria of Pb2+, Ni2+ and Cr2+ ions for H on Amberlite IR-120 resin, J.Chem. Eng., 53,1325–1331 (2008) @No $ @ @ Lin L.C., Li J. K. and Juang R.S., Removal of Cu(II) and Ni (II) from aqueous solutions using batch and fixed - bed ion exchange processes, Desalination,225, 249-259 (2008) @No $ @ @ Lee L. H., Kuan Y.C. and Chern J.M., Factorial experimental design for recovering heavy metals from sludge with ion - exchange resin, J. Hazard. Mater., 138, 549-559 (2006) @No $ @ @ Silva R.M.P., Manso J.P.H., Rodrigues J.R.C. and Lagoa R.J.L., A comparative study of alginate beads and an ion - exchange resin for the removal of heavy metals from a metal plating effluent, J. Environ. Sci. Health, 43, 1311-1317 (2008) @No $ @ @ Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, American Public Health Association (APHA), 18th Edn, Washington DC (1992) @No $ @ @ Hasan S.H., Singh K. K., Prakash O., Talat M. and Ho Y.S., Removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions using agricultural waste maize bran, J.Hazard Mater.,152, 356-361 (2008) @No $ @ @ Reddad Z., Gerante C., Andree Y. and Cloirec P., Adsorption of several metal ions onto a low -cost biosorbents: Kinetics, equilibrium studies, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 2067-2074 (2002) @No $ @ @ Suantak K., Chandrajit B., and Shri Chand., Removal of As (III) from Aqueous Solution by Biosorption onto Maize (Zea mays)Leaves Surface: Parameters Optimization, Sorption Isotherm, Kinetic and Thermodynamics Studies, Res J of Chemical Sci,1(5), 73-79 (2011) @No $ @ @ Shubha K. P., Raji C. and Anirudhan T. S., Immobilization of heavy metals from aqueous solutions using polyacrylamide grafted hydrous Tin (IV) oxide gel having carboxylate functional groups, Water Res., 35, 300-308 (2001) @No $ @ @ Greluk, M. and Hubicki, Z., Sorption of SPADNS azo dye on polystyrene anion exchangers: Equilibrium and Kinetics studies, J. Hazard.Mater., 172, 289-294 (2000) @No $ @ @ Shafaei A., Ashtiani F.Z. and Kaghazchi T., Equilibrium studies of the sorption of Hg(II) ions onto chitosan, Chem. Eng. J., 133, 311-316 (2007) @No $ @ @ Ramakrishna T. V., Aravamudhan G. and Vijayakumar M., Spectrophotometric determination of mercury (II) on ternary complex with Rhodamine 6G and iodide, Anal Chem Acta., 84, 369-375 (1976) @No $ @ @ Jayaram K. and Prasad M. N. V., Removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution by seed powder of Prosopis juliflora DC., J. Haz. Mat., 169, 991-998 (2009) @No <#LINE#>Assessment of Some Trace Metals Content of Oreochromis niloticus Obtained from River Okpokwu, Apa Benue State, Nigeria<#LINE#>J.@Abah,S.T.@Ubwa,D.I.@Onyejefu,S.A.@Nomor<#LINE#>70-75<#LINE#>13.ISCA-RJCS-2013-018.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Chemistry, Benue State University, P.M.B. 102119, Makurdi NIGERIA <#LINE#>5/2/2013<#LINE#>13/2/2013<#LINE#>This study was conducted with the aim of determining the concentrations of As, Mn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Fe in whole Oreochromis niloticus (tilapia) and its fresh water habitat using recommended analytical procedures and compare the results with WHO‟s permissible limits. Samples of fresh water and the fish were collected weekly at the peak of rainy and dry seasons in the study area (October, 2010 and February, 2011) respectively at three locations; Auke, Odejo and Ochalanya along the river. Across the sampling points, the results obtained using Unicam Solar (32) Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer showed that the trace metal contents of Oreochromis niloticus varied between 0.05±0.01µg/g As to 0.38±0.04µg/g Fe in October, 2010 and 0.09±0.03µg/g As to 0.28±0.02µg/g Fe in February, 2011. The water levels of the trace metals ranged from 0.06±0.02µg/L As to 1.24±0.05µg/L Fe in October, 2010 and 0.04±0.01µg/L As to 0.59±0.10µg/L Fe in February, 2011. There were positive correlations between the concentrations of the trace elements in the whole fish and river water. T-test analyses of the levels of the trace metals between the sampling periods were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The levels of the trace metals recorded in this study were below WHO‟s permissible limits. Therefore, the water and Oreochromis niloticus obtained from the study area have not become contaminated by the trace metals studied. However, periodic review should be sustained to monitor possible accumulations of the heavy metals in future due to the proliferation of anthropogenic activities around river Okpokwu. <#LINE#> @ @ Farkas A., Salanki J. and Varanka I., Heavy metal concentrations in fish of lake Balaton, lakes and reservoirs: research and management, 5, 271-279 (2000) @No $ @ @ Gupta A., Rai D.K., Pandey R.S. and Sharma B., Analysis of some heavy metals in the riverine water, sediments and fish from river Ganges at Allahabad, Environ. monit. assess., 157, 449-458 (2009) @No $ @ @ Giguere A., Campbell P.G.C., Hare L., McDonald D.G. and Rasmussen J.B., Influence of lake chemistry and fish age on cadmium, copper and zinc concentrations in various organs of indigenous yellow perch (Perca flavescens), Cand. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 61, 702-716 (2004) @No $ @ @ FAO, Committee for inland fisheries of Africa. Report of the third session of the working party on pollution and fisheries. 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In the present study, a novel precursor nickel cobalt phenylacetate hydrazinate has been prepared which decomposes at 400\rC to give the corresponding nanosized mixed-metal oxide. The synthesized complex has been characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopic techniques. The thermal behaviour of the complex has been studied by thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis. The Infrared analysis of the residue shows two absorption bands in the region 660-665 and 555-562 cm-1corresponding to the metal-oxygen stretching from tetrahedral and octahedral sites respectively, which are characteristics of cobaltites. Formation of cobaltite has been confirmed by thermogravimetry (TG) weight loss and X-ray diffraction. Combustion of the precursor in air yields fine powder of cobaltites with large surface area which has been confirmed by XRD patterns. <#LINE#> @ @ Kikukawa N., Takemori M., Nagano Y., Sugasawa M. and Kobayashi S., Synthesis and magnetic properties of nanostructured spinel ferrites using a glycine–nitrate process, J. Magn. Magn. Mater.,284, 206 (2004) @No $ @ @ Prakash A.S., Khadar A.M.A., Patil K.C. and Hegde M.S., Hexamethylenetetramine: A New Fuel for Solution Combustion Synthesis of Complex Metal Oxides, J. Mater. Synth. Process., 10, 2002 (2002) @No $ @ @ Vaidyanathan G., Sendhilnathan S. and Arulmurugan R., Structural and magnetic properties of Co1 ZnFenanoparticles by co-precipitation method, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 313, 293 (2007) @No $ @ @ Azadmanjiri J., Salehani H.K., Barati M.R. and Farzan F., Preparation and electromagnetic properties of Ni1 CuFe nanoparticle ferrites by sol–gel auto-combustion method, Mater. Lett.,61, 84 (2007) @No $ @ @ Ahmed M.A. and El-Sayed M.M., J. 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Chem.,7, 1430 (1968) @No <#LINE#>Synthetic, Characterization and Pesticidal Studies of Dibutyltin (IV) Derivatives of Salicylic acid<#LINE#>Pankaj@Mittal,ManojKumar@Pachouri,NarendraPal@Singh<#LINE#>79-81<#LINE#>15.ISCA-RJCS-2012-248.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Chemistry, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Management, Keetham, Agra, 282 007, INDIA<#LINE#>21/12/2012<#LINE#>8/1/2013<#LINE#> Dibutyltin (IV) derivatives of salicylic acid in different molar ratios viz., 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1 have been synthesized. These synthesized derivatives have been characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectral data, H NMR spectral data and molar conductance measurements. The products are screened for pesticidal activities against the pest ‘Red Flour Beetle’ (Tribolium castaneum). These derivatives exhibited enhanced pesticidal effects as compared to the ligand. <#LINE#> @ @ Arakawa Y., Main Group Metal Chem., 12, 1 (1989) @No $ @ @ Saxena A.K., Appl. Organometal. 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