Research Journal of Chemical Sciences ______________________________________________ ISSN 2231-606X Vol. 3(2), 27-30, February (2013) Res. J. Chem. Sci. International Science Congress Association 27 Ultrasonic study of molecular interactions in binary mixtures of isopropylbenzene (Cumene) with Benzene, Toluene and Acetone at 303KGangwar Munendra Kumar and Saxena Ashish Kumar Department of Physics, N.M.S.N. Dass College-Budaun-243601 UP, INDIAAvailable online at: www.isca.in Received 4th November 2012, revised 8th December 2012, accepted 28th December 2012Abstract The ultrasonic velocity, density and viscosity at 303K have been measured in the binary systems of isopropylbenzene+Benzene, isopropylbenzene + Toluene and isopropyl benzene + Acetone. From the experimental data various acoustical parameters such as adiabatic compressibility (), free volume(V), Shear relaxation time(), free length(L) and acoustical impedance (Z) ere calculate. The results are interpreted in terms of molecular interaction between the components of the mixtures. Keywords: Ultrasonic velocity, acoustical properties, molecular interaction. Introduction The study of thermodynamic properties of binary liquid mixtures has proved to be a useful tool in elucidating the structural interactions components1-10. Many researchers have shown the important and fundamental role of the molecular details of the solvent species to determine the specific interactions which are responsible for macroscopic thermodynamic and other related properties in non-electrolyte solutions. When binary or more complex mixtures are used as solvent media, specific solvent-co solvent interactions can intervene to modify the structural properties and the molecular arrangement of the pure liquids. Thus, the knowledge of the structure of mixed solvent systems becomes an essential prerequisite to interpret and to understand the interaction patterns between ions, ions-pairs and ionic aggregates, and bulking solvent molecules. In principle, the interaction between the molecules can be established from a study of the characteristics abrupt departure from ideal behavior of some physical properties, like volume, compressibility, viscosity etc. Ultrasonic technique has been adequately employed to investigate the properties of any substance to understand the nature of molecular interactions in pure liquid11, liquid mixtures12-15 and ionic interactions in electrolytic solutions16-17. Though the molecular interactions studies can be best carried out through spectroscopic methods18-19 the other non spectroscopic techniques such as dielectric10 magnetic11 ultrasonic velocity and viscosity20-24 measurements have been widely used in field of interactions and structural aspect evaluations studies. In the present work an attempt has been made to investigate the behavior of binary solutions of isopropylbenzene (cumene) + benzene, isopropylbenzene (cumene) + toluene and isopropylbenzene (cumene) + acetone with regard to adiabatic compressibility, intermolecular free length and specific acoustic impedance from ultrasonic measurements at 303 K. Material and MethodsSolutions of different molality (m) were prepared for each binary system. The ultrasonic velocity in the mixtures was measured using a variable path fixed frequency ultrasonic interferometer working at 2 MHz frequency (Mittal Enterprises, New Delhi). The accuracy of sound velocity was 0.1 ms-1. The density and viscosity of the mixture were measured using a specific gravity bottle (5 mL) and Ostwalds viscometer (10 mL) respectively. The accuracy in density measurement was 0.0001 kg m-3 and that in viscosity measurement was 0.001 mNsm-2. Results and DiscussionVarious acoustical parameters such as adiabatic compressibility ), Intermolecular free length (L), free volume (V), and specific acoustical impedance (Z), were calculated using the experimental data of ultrasonic sound velocity, density and viscosity by the following equations (1-4). = 1/ (1) = T(1/2 (2) f = (eff3/2 (3)Z = U (4) Where kT is the temperature dependent constant having a value 199.53 x 10-8 in MKS system , k is the constant equal to 4.28 x 10 in MKS system, independent of temperature of all liquids, and all the notations having the usual meanings. The measured parameters viz., ultrasonic velocity (U), density (p), adiabatic compressibility () and viscosity () are given in table -1 and table- 2. Tables-1,2 shows that, in all three systems, the velocity increases with concentration of benzene, toluene and acetone. This indicates that strong interaction observed at higher concentrations of X. The viscosity values also same trend with velocity in these three systems. Density decreases in all three systems suggesting thereby more Research Journal of Chemical Sciences ___________________________________________________________ ISSN 2231-606XVol. 3(2), 27-30, February (2013) Res. J. Chem. Sci. International Science Congress Association 28 association between solute and solvent molecules in latter systems. From the same table- 2, it is observed that adiabatic compressibility () increases with increase in concentration of benzene, toluene and acetone. This increase structural order of isopropyl benzene may result in more cohesion, and leads to a increase in (). The increase in () results in an increase in the value of (U). The free length (L) is another parameter which is calculated using ultrasonic velocity and adiabatic compressibility. It is observed that L, increases with the concentration of benzene, toluene and acetone. It has been observed that intermolecular free length increases with mole fraction. Increase in intermolecular free length leads to positive deviation in sound velocity and negative deviation in compressibility. This indicates that the molecules are nearer in the system. The computed other parameters like free volume (V) and shears relaxation time() are given in table-3. The variation in free volume (V) decreases with increases in molality of benzene, toluene and acetone in all three systems. The free volume is the space available for the molecule to move in an imaginary unit cell. This increases shears relaxation time (). The variations in shears relaxation time are given in the same table-3. As stated above the shears relaxation time increases with increase in molality of benzene, toluene and acetone. The acoustic impedance (Z) is the product of ultrasonic velocity and density of the solution. The value of acoustic impedance also decreases with increase in concentration of benzene, toluene and acetone. Increase in Lf and decrease of Z with the concentration of benzene, toluene and acetone, suggest presence of solvent-solute interactions in three systems. The value of acoustic impedance (Z) is listed in table- 4. Table -1 Values of ultrasonic velocity(U) and density() at 303K Mole fraction of isopropylbenzene Ultasonic velocity(U) m/sec. Density() gm/mol (X) Benzene Toluene Acetone Benzene Toluene Acetone 0.0000 1261 1282 1138 0.8748 0.8448 0.7714 0.1623 1273 1305 1212 0.8756 0.8140 0.7480 0.3036 1285 1327 1260 0.8388 0.7829 0.7334 0.5376 1309 1347 1308 0.8028 0.7524 0.7182 0.7234 1333 1367 1332 0.7668 0.7213 0.7106 0.9401 1369 1376 1356 0.7128 0.7062 0.7030 1.0000 1381 1381 1381 0.6948 0.6948 0.6948 Table-2 Values of viscosity() and adiabatic compressibility() at 303K Viscosity() x 10/Nsm-2Adiabatic compressibility() x1010/m-1 Benzene Toluene Acetone Benzene Toluene Acetone 0.5976 0.5394 0.2818 7.189 7.202 7.001 0.6991 0.7714 0.6826 7.247 7.252 7.056 0.8006 1.0034 0.9498 7.297 7.309 7.273 1.0036 1.2354 1.2147 7.381 7.376 7.357 1.2066 1.4674 1.3506 7.448 7.454 7.457 1.5111 1.5714 1.4842 7.525 7.498 7.515 1.6121 1.6126 1.6126 7.547 7.547 7.547 Table-3 Values of free volume(V) and shears relaxation time() at 303K Free Volume(V f ) V f x 10 7 /m 3 mol - 1 Shears relaxation time() ( x 10 - 11 ) Benzene Toluene Acetone Benzene Toluene Acetone 2.3902 3.6587 4.0609 0.5700 0.518 0.3761 2.2332 3.3355 3.6532 0.6700 0.7419 0.8277 2.0966 2.9642 3.2722 0.7700 0.9704 1.0876 1.8704 2.5331 2.7451 0.9700 1.2066 1.3206 1.6907 2.0267 2.3990 1.1800 1.4516 1.4283 1.4812 1.7388 1.9683 1.5100 1.567 1.5309 1.4233 1.4233 1.4233 1.6200 1.6226 1.6226 Research Journal of Chemical Sciences ___________________________________________________________ ISSN 2231-606XVol. 3(2), 27-30, February (2013) Res. J. Chem. Sci. International Science Congress Association 29 Table-4 Values of free length(L) and acoustical impedance (Z) at 303K Free length (L) (L f x 1011/m) Acoustic impedance(Z) (Kg/ m.sec-1) Benzene Toluene Acetone Benzene Toluene Acetone 5.831 5.899 5.976 1.1031 1.0830 0.8775 6.067 5.957 6.006 1.0907 1.0629 0.9073 6.146 6.019 6.016 1.0778 1.0389 0.9240 6.208 6.125 6.120 1.0508 1.0134 0.9394 6.265 6.224 6.225 1.0237 0.9861 0.9465 6.310 6.295 6.291 0.9758 0.9717 0.9532 6.370 6.371 6.371 0.9595 0.9598 0.9591    \n   \r \r   \r    \r \r  ! \n \r    "# $%   \r \r   \r %   \r \r ! \n \r     &#     \r \r   \r    \r \r'\r  ! \n \r    #    \r \r   \r *   \r \r \r   ! \n \r      x 10-11   \r \r   \r +   \r \r,- \r\r #  ! \n \r     #    \r \r   \r /   \r \r \r  - ! \n \r    Research Journal of Chemical Sciences ___________________________________________________________ ISSN 2231-606XVol. 3(2), 27-30, February (2013) Res. J. Chem. Sci. International Science Congress Association 30   0!1    \r \r   \r )   \r \r   ! \n \r    ConclusionThe ultrasonic velocity, density, viscosity and other related parameters were calculated. The observed increase of ultrasonic velocity indicates the solute-solvent interaction. The existence of type of molecular interaction is solute-solvent is favored in all these three systems, confirmed from the Z, U and etc., the existence of solute-solvent interaction is in the order: Acetone �Toluene� Benzene. References1.Sharma C.K. and Kanwar S.S., Synthesis of methyl cinnamate using immobilized lipase from B. licheniformis MTCC-10498 , Res.J.Recent Sci., 1(3), 68-71 (2012) 2.Pascal C., Agbangnan D., Christine Tachon, Justine Dangou, Anna Chrostowska, Eric Fouquet and Dominique C.K. 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