@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Assesment on the Effect of pH on the Soil of Irrigated Farmlands of Kaduna Metropolis Nigeria<#LINE#>MahmudImam@Mohammed,W.L.O@Jimoh<#LINE#>1-5<#LINE#>1.ISCA-RJCS-2013-144.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Applied Science, College of Science and Technology, Kaduna Polytechnic, NIGERIA @ Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Bayero University, Kano, NIGERIA<#LINE#>20/8/2013<#LINE#>28/9/2013<#LINE#> The aim of this research work is to assess the level of pH in the soil of irrigated farmlands of Kaduna metropolis using PH meter. It was found that Samples obtained from Nasarawa and Kawo (pH = 5.8) were the lowest pH in the samples analyzed. These were similar to the pH of the control site Rigachikun with pH = 5.8 (acidic). Sample from Kurmin mashi had the highest pH value (pH = 8.5) and is alkaline. This revealed that most of the soils from the irrigation sites were acidic with the exception of samples from Unguwan Dosa and Kurmin mashi. It was also obtained from the ANOVA p = 0.0000.05 which shows that there is significant differences in the pH of soil across the various sampling sites. The real differences of soil pH was further analyzed by a post-hoc test using the Duncan Multiple range test with samples from Kawo, Nasarawa,Kinkinau and Rigasa were the least soil PH. In the second homogeneous subgroup there is Makera, Malali, Badiko, Barnawa, Kakuri, Kudenda, Danmani, etc. while the highest soil pH fall in the third subgroup which include samples from Uuguwan Dosa and Kurmin Mashi. The absorption and accumulation of heavy metals in plant tissues depend upon soil PH and nutrient availability which in turn increase the mobility of heavy metals. This variation in soil PH is due to excessive usage of fertilizer such as NPK, urea, super pHospHate, manure, pesticides, herbicides and other agro – chemicals as well as human activities and the use of waste water in irrigating the soil. As such resulting to an adverse effect on such agricultural areas.  <#LINE#> @ @ Mahmud M.I., Essential concepts of general chemistry, Alkausar printing and publishing CO. Ltd Kaduna Nigeria (2008) @No $ @ @ Chen X., Wright J., Conca J. and Peurrung, Effects of PH on heavy metal sorption on mineral Apatite, Environ sci and technology,31(3), 624–631 (1997) @No $ @ @ Daniel B.B. and Edward A.K., Soil chemistry, Environmental science, John Wiley and son inc., USA, 135–137 (1998) @No $ @ @ Ademoroti C.M.A., Soil, water and air environmental chemistry and texiocology, Foludex Press Ibadan, 1st Edition, 30-34 (1996) @No $ @ @ Gray C.W., McLanre R.G., Roberts A.H., Condron L.M., Sorption and desorption of cadmium from some New Zealand soils : Effect of pH and contact time, Australian Journal of soil Research, 36, 199–216 (1998) @No $ @ @ Salam A.K. and Helmke P.A., The pH dependence of free ionic activities and total dissolved concentrations of copper and cadmium in soil solution, Groderma,83, 281–291 (1998) @No $ @ @ Oliver D.P., Tiller K.G., Alston A.M., Cozens G.D., Merry R.H., Effect of soil pH and applied cadmium on cadmium concentration in wheat grain, Australian Journal of soil Research,36, 571–583 (1998) @No $ @ @ Singh R., Singh B.R., Narwa R.P., Jeng A.S. and Almas A., Crop uptake and extractability of cadmium in soils naturally high in metals at different pH levels, Communications of soil science and plant Analysis, 26, 2123-2142 (1995) @No $ @ @ Evans L.J., Chemistry of metal retention by soilsEnvironmental science and Technology, 23, 1046–1056 (1989) @No $ @ @ Filius A., Streck T. and Richter J., Cadmium Sorption and desorption in limed topsoils as influenced by pH; Isotherms and simulated leaching, Journal of Environmental Quality, 27, 12-18 (1996) @No $ @ @ Mann S.S. and Ritchie G.S.P., Form of cadmium in sandy soil after amendment with soils of higher fixing capacity, soil science and plant Nutrition,87, 23–29 (1995) @No $ @ @ Chlopecka A., Bacon J.R., Wilson M.J. and Kay J., Forms of cadmium, lead and zinc in contaminated soils in southwest Poland, Journal of Environmental Quality, 25,69-79 (1996) @No $ @ @ Vigerust E., Selmer – Olsen A.R. Basis for metal limit relevant to sludge utilization. In: Director – General science. Research and Developmental.Environmental Research programme. Elsier Applied science publishers, London and Newyork, 26–41 (1985) @No $ @ @ Akan J.C., Abdurrahman F.I., Sodipo O.A. and Lange A.O., PHysicochemical parameter in soil and vegetable samples from Gongolon Agricultural Sites, Maiduguri, BornoState, Nigeria, Journal of American Science,6(12), 78–87 (2010) @No $ @ @ Lal R., Sustanable Management of soil Resources in the Humid Tropic United Nations University Press, New York, USA, 610, 55 – 60 (1995) @No $ @ @ Radojevic M. and Bachkin N.V., Practical Environmental Analysis, Royal Society of Chemistry, Thomas Graham House, Cambridge, 180–430 (1999) @No $ @ @ Tarradellas J., Bitton G., Russel D., (Eds), Soil Ecotoxicology, CRC Lewis publisher, New York (1996) @No $ @ @ Zampella M., Characterization of heavy metals in contaminated soils of the solofrana river valley South Italy Geoderma 117, 347 – 366 (2003) @No $ @ @ Uba S., Uzairu A., Harrison G.F.S., Balarabe M.L. and Okunola O.J., Assessment of heavy metals bioavailability in dumpsite of Zaria metropolis Nigeria, African Journal of Biotechnology, 7(2), 122–130 (2008) @No $ @ @ Winterhalder M., Metals in the environment pollution Biology, Edmond, Alberta, UK, 381, 9 (1984) @No
<#LINE#>Novel Equation for Correction of Glycated Hemoglobin and Calculation of Carbamylated Hemoglobin in Diabetic Uremic Patients<#LINE#>AbdElRahmanMA@Hamouda,EnasSamir@Nabih,SherihanAdelAbdEl@Khalek<#LINE#>6-11<#LINE#>2.ISCA-RJCS-2013-161.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EGYPT <#LINE#>29/10/2013<#LINE#>27/11/2013<#LINE#>Carbamylated hemoglobin, as a measure of uremic control, has not gained wide acceptance like glycated hemoglobin as a measure of diabetic control, probably due to its difficulty of estimation.  Furthermore, earlier studies have shown that hemoglobin A1c concentrations, measured by cation-exchange based methods, were higher in uremic patients. Our aim was to find a mathematical equation for correction of hemoglobin A1c and easy estimation of hemoglobin carbamylation in uremic patients. We performed in vitro glycation and carbamylation of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin A1c was estimated using cation-exchange based assay method, while carbamylated hemoglobin was estimated by high performance liquid chromatography. The results of in vitro glycation of hemoglobin were compared with those of uremic and diabetic uremic patients. We found that urea in the incubation medium increased the hemoglobin A1c value in the in vitro experiments. Moreover, uremia increased its levels in uremic patients compared to healthy subjects and in diabetic uremic patients compared to diabetic non-uremic patients. We extracted a mathematical equation for the correction of hemoglobin A1c and easy estimation of hemoglobin carbamylation in samples with high urea levels. Studying the difference between hemoglobin A1c measured by cation-exchange based methods and affinity based methods against carbamylated hemoglobin estimated by high performance liquid chromatography and performing further studies on a large cohort of patients will be necessary to confirm these findings and to establish the definite mathematical equation for correction of hemoglobin A1c and determination of the extent of hemoglobin carbamylation in uremic patients.<#LINE#> @ @ Tanaka Y, Kume S, Kitada M, Kanasaki K, Uzu T, Maegawa H, Koya D. Autophagy as a therapeutic target in diabetic nephropathy, Exp Diabetes Res., 628978 (2012) @No $ @ @ Bernstein RE. Nonenzymatically glycosylated proteins, Adv Clin Chem.,26, 1-78 (1987) @No $ @ @ Selvarai N, Bobby Z, Sridhar MG. Increased glycation of hemoglobin in chronic renal failure patients and its potential role of oxidative stress, Arch Med Res.,39(3), 277-284 (2008) @No $ @ @ Hörkkö S, Savolainen MJ, Kervinen K, Kesäniemi YA. Carbamylation-induced alterations in low-density lipoprotein metabolism, Kidney Int.41(5), 1175-1181 (1992) @No $ @ @ Berlyne GM, Carbamylated proteins and peptides in health and in uremia, Nephron,79(2), 125-130 (1998) @No $ @ @ Hammouda AMA, Mady GE.  Correction formula for carbamylated hemoglobin in diabetic uremic patients, Annals Clinical Biochem,38(2), 115-119 (2001) @No $ @ @ Szymezak J, Lavalard E, Martin M, Leroy N, Gillery P.  Carbamylated hemoglobin remains a critical issue in HbA1c measurements, Clin Chem Lab Med.,47(5), 612-613 (2009) @No $ @ @ Little RR, Rohlfing CL, Wiedmeyer HM, Myers GL, Sacks DB, Goldstein DE,  NGSP Steering Committee. The national glycohemoglobin standardization program: a five-year progress report, Clin Chem.,47(11), 1985-1992 (2001) @No $ @ @ Hasuike Y, Nakanishi T, Maeda K, Tanaka T, Inoue T, Takamitsu Y. Carbamylated hemoglobin as a therapeutic marker in hemodialysis, Nephron., 91(2), 228-234 (2002) @No $ @ @ Stim J, Shaykh M, Anwar F, Ansari A, Arruda JA , Dunea G. Factors determining hemoglobin carbamylation in renal failure. Kidney Int.,48(5), 1605-1610 (1995) @No $ @ @ Kwan JT, Carr EC, Bending MR, Barron JL. Determination of carbamylated hemoglobin by high-performance liquid chromatography. Clin Chem. 36(4), 607-610 (1990) @No $ @ @ Goodarzi MT, Ghahraman S, Mirmomeni MH. In vitro Glycation of Human IgG and Its Effect on Interaction with Anti-IgG. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 3(4):181-187 (2004) @No $ @ @ HbA1c assay interferences.  National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program Web site. http://www.ngsp.org/factors.asp.(2013) @No $ @ @ Flückiger R, Harmon W, Meier W, Loo S, Gabbay K. Hemoglobin carbamylation in uremia, N Engl J Med., 304(14), 823-827 (1981) @No
<#LINE#>Preparation and Study of Properties of Activated Carbon Produced from Agricultural and Industrial Waste Shells<#LINE#>Pragya@Patil,Sripal@Singh,Maheshkumar@Yenkie<#LINE#>12-15<#LINE#>3.ISCA-RJCS-2013-165.pdf<#LINE#>Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Nagpur Unit, 17/C-Telenkhedi area civil lines, Mah, Nagpur, INDIA @ Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Administrative Premises, Ravindranath Tagore Marg, Mah, Nagpur 440001, INDIA<#LINE#>13/11/2013<#LINE#>25/11/2013<#LINE#>The activated carbon was prepared from carbonaceous agricultural waste Almond shell and walnut shell by chemical activation using  ortho-phosphoric acid at 800 ± 5 °C. Walnut shells and almond shells were carbonized in an inert atmosphere and then the char was mixed with a solution of ortho-phosphoric acid. The mixture was then activated thermally in a nitrogen atmosphere and finally washed and dried to obtain the activated carbon. The objectives of this work were to develop a modified method to produce activated carbon from almond shell and to compare its physical and morphological characteristics with the activated carbon obtained from walnut shell. The internal structure of both the carbon was analyzed with scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and the dye adsorption capacity of each carbon was determined according to the ASTM specifications (American Society for Testing and Materials). The results of FTIR ( Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) strongly support significant chemical and spectral changes occurring with the activation of the almond shells for phosphoric acid treatment. Activated carbon obtained from the almond shell showed a heterogeneous carbonaceous structure compared to walnut shell. The prepared activated carbon was characterized for dye adsorption and was found that methylene blue adsorption capacity of walnut shell activated carbon is 51% less compared to almond shell.<#LINE#> @ @ The Indian walnut market, Production and trade statistics, (2011) @No $ @ @ www.indexmundi.com, Jamadi  al Awwal, 1444 AH; April (2012) @No $ @ @ Walnut Market and Forecasts, March (2013) @No $ @ @ Ismadji S., Sudaryanto Y., Hartono S.B., Setiawan.L.E.K. Ayucitra. A., Activated carbon form char obtained from vacuum pyrolysis of teak sawdust: pore structure development and characterization, Bioresource Tech. 96 ,1364-1369, (2005) @No $ @ @ Toles C., Marshall W.E., Johns M.M., Granular activated carbons from nutshells, Carbon, v 35, 1407-1414, (1997) @No $ @ @ Arwa M.O., Preparation Of Sulfurized Granular Activated Carbon From Beji Asphalt Using Concentrated HSO,  T. J. Pure Science., 13(3), (2008) @No $ @ @ Martin R. J., Activated carbon product selection for water and wastewater treatment. Ind. Eng Chem. Prod. Res. Dev., 19, 435–441 (1980) @No $ @ @ Lillo-Rodenas M.A., Cazorla-Amoros D, Linares-Solano A., Understanding chemical reactions between carbons and NaOH and KOH. An insight into the chemical activation mechanism, Carbon 41, 267–75, (2003) @No $ @ @ Gonza lez Serrano E., Cordero T., Rodriguez Mirasol J., Rodriguez J.J., Development of porosity upon chemical activation of kraft lignin with ZnCl2. Ind Eng Chem Res, 36, 4832–4838, (1997) @No $ @ @ Evans M.J.B., Halliop E., MacDonald J.A.F.,  The production of chemically-activated carbon, Carbon, 37(2), 269-274, (1999) @No $ @ @ Mcketta J. 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Sc. and Tech., 27, 873-878, (2011) @No $ @ @ R.Arriagada, R.Garcia, M.Molina-Sabio and F.Rodriguaz-Reinso, Effect of steam activation on the porosity and chemical nature of activated carbons from Eucalyptus globulusand peach stones, Microporous Materials, 8, 123 (1997) @No $ @ @ Guillermo S.M., Geoffrey D. F., Sollars C.J., Study of the characteristics of activated carbons produced by steam and carbon dioxide activation of waste tyre rubber, Carbon,41,1009–1016, (2003) @No $ @ @ Tentative method of test for  methylene blue adsorption number of carbon, ASTM D 2330-02. @No $ @ @ Ansari.R., and Mosayebzadeh.Z., Removal of Basic Dye Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions Using Sawdust and Sawdust Coated with Polypyrrole , J. Iran. Chem. Soc.,7(2),339-350, (2010) @No $ @ @ Rao M M., Ramesh A, Rao G.P.C., Seshaiah.K., Removal of copper and cadmium from the aqueous solution, by activated carbon derieved from ceibapentandra hulls, J. of Haz. Mat129(1-3),123 (2006) @No
<#LINE#>Adsorption and Removal of Lead (Pb) by Wildtype and Lead Resistant, PbR-101 Cell Line of Chlorella sp.<#LINE#>P.R.@Shakya<#LINE#>16-21<#LINE#>4.ISCA-RJCS-2013-166.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Padma Kanya Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Bagbazar, Kathmandu, NEPAL<#LINE#>16/11/2013<#LINE#>26/11/2013<#LINE#>The cell line, PbR-101 isolated from Chlorella sp. by EMS (Ethylmethane sulphonate) mutagenesis was compared against the wild type (WT) Chlorella sp. for study of mechanisms confirming resistance to Pb toxicity. Growth experiments showed that both the tested algal cells, PbR-101 and WT (control) were found to be retarded with increasing Pb2+ concentrations in the liquid growth medium. It was found that the higher ID50 value of PbR-101 cell line exhibited some degree of resistance to Pb toxicity. When exposed to the liquid medium containing 50 M Pb2+, kinetic experiments revealed rapid removal and adsorption of Pb2+ in both the algal cells during the first few hours. Compared to WT, the PbR-101 cell line showed significantly higher percentage removal and adsorption of Pb2+ at 15 minutes and 48 hours interval of time respectively. Extracellular Pb2+ adsorption was found significantly higher than intracellular uptake in both the tested algal cells. Total Pb2+ accumulation and distribution between the external and internal cell fractions of the PbR-101 were significantly higher to that of the WT. Thus, the PbR-101 cell line appeared more resistant to Pb toxicity and hence may be used for remediation of metal contaminated sites.<#LINE#> @ @ Ajmal M. and Khan A.U., Effects of electroplating factory effluent on the germination and growth of hyacinth bean and mustard, Environ. Res., 38, 248-255 (1985) @No $ @ @ U.S. ATSDR, Toxicological profile for lead. (Draft for Public Comment). 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<#LINE#>Studies on DNA Cleavage and Antimicrobial screening of Transition Metal complexes of 4-aminoantipyrine Schiff base<#LINE#>B.@Manjula,ArulAntony@S.,ArulAntony@S.<#LINE#>22-28<#LINE#>5.ISCA-RJCS-2013-167.pdf<#LINE#>PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Presidency College, Chennai–600 005, Tamil Nadu, INDIA<#LINE#>18/11/2013<#LINE#>25/11/2013<#LINE#>The coordination compounds using Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions with Schiff base ligand derived from furfurilydene-4-aminoantipyrine with o-anisidine in a 1:1 molar ratio have been synthesized and characterised by elemental analysis, IR, NMR and electronic spectral studies. On the basis of spectral studies, octahedral geometry is suggested for Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and  tetrahedral geometry for Zn(II) complexes. The synthesized ligand and metal(II) complexes have been tested against bacterial speciesPseudomonas aeruginosa,  Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and fungal species Aspergillus niger (A. niger), Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) and Candida albicans (C. albicans)in order to assess their antimicrobial properties. The results show that the metal complexes were more active than the ligand. The DNA cleavage activity of the ligand and its complexes were assayed using PUCI8 DNA by gel electrophoresis. The result shows that complete cleavage of DNA was observed in Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes and partial cleavage of DNA was observed in Co(II) and Ni((II) complexes.  <#LINE#> @ @ Bhendkar A.K., Vijay K. and Raut A.W., Acta Ciencia Indica Chem, 30, 29 (2004) @No $ @ @ Vaghasiya Y.K., Nair R.S., Baluja M.and  Chanda S., J Serb Chem Soc, 69, 991 (2004) @No $ @ @ Vashi K. and Naik H.B., Eur J Chem,  1, 272 (2004) @No $ @ @ Mtrei R., Yadawe M. and  Patil SA., Orient J Chem,12,101 (1996) @No $ @ @ Hossain M.E., Allam M.N., Begum J., Akbar M.A., Uddin M.N., Smith F. and Hynes R.C., Inorg Chim Acta,249, 207 1996)6.Kuz’min V.E., Artemenko A.G., Lozytska R.N., Fedtchouk A.S., Lozitsky V.P., Muratov E.N. and Mescheriakov A.K., Environ Res, 16, 219 (2005) @No $ @ @ Pal S., Barik A.K., Gupta S., Hazra A., Kar S.K., Peng S.M., Lee G.H., Butcher R.J., Fallah M.S.E. and Ribas J., J. Inorg.Chem., 44, 3880 (2005) @No $ @ @ Chohan Z.H., Sumrra S.H., Youssoufi M.H. and Hadda T.B., Euro. J. Med. 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Chem, 46A,440 (2007) @No $ @ @ Raman N., Kulandaisamy A., Thangaraj C., Manisankar P., Viswanathan S. and Vedhi C., Transition Met Chem 29,129 (2004) @No $ @ @ Sebastian M., Arun V., Robinson P.P., Leeju P., Varghese D., Varsha G. and Yusuff K.K.M., Template synthesis and spectral characterization of some Schiff base complexes derived from quinoxaline-2- carboxaldehyde and L-histidine. J. Coord. Chem. 64(3), 525-533 (2011) @No $ @ @ Mukherji G., Poddar S. N. and Dey K., Nickel(II)Cobalt (II)Copper(II)and Palladium(II)complexes of 1,2-di-(o-salicylidimio phenyl thio) ethane Indian J. Chem.,25A,275(1986) @No $ @ @ Raman N., Kulandaisamy A. and Jeyasubramanian K., Chemistry, Sythesis Spectral Redox and Antimirobial Activity of Schiff Transition metal (II) complexes Derived from 4-aminoantipyrine and Benzil, Synth. React Inorg Met-org and Nano-Meta,,32(9), 1583 (2002) @No $ @ @ Mohamed G.G. and E1-Wahab Z.H.A., Spectrachimica Acta, 61A, 1059-1068 (2005) @No $ @ @ Dharmaraj N., Viswanathamurthi P. and Natrajan K., Trans Met Chem., 26, 105 (2001) @No $ @ @ Tweedy B.G., Phytopatology, 55, 910 (1964) @No $ @ @ Suraj B., Ade et al, J. Chem. Pharm Res., 4(1), 105-11(2012) @No $ @ @ Mohamed G.G., Omar M.M. and Ibrahim A.A., Eur. J. Med Chem., 44, 4801-4812 (2009) @No $ @ @ Mishar P., Khare M. and Gautam S.K., Synth. React Inorg Met-Org Chem, 132, 1485-15 (2002) @No $ @ @ Anand Prakash Mishra, Herhita purwar Rajendra kumar jain Biointerface research, , 291-299 (2012) @No $ @ @ Yang G., Wu F.Z., Wang L., NianFi L. and Tina X., J. Inorg Biochem., 66, 141-144 (1997) @No 
<#LINE#>Investigations of Nickel (II) removal from Aqueous Effluents using Electric arc Furnace Slag<#LINE#>Yusuf@Mohammed,ChuahA.@Luqman,M.A.@Mohammed,A.@Shitu<#LINE#>29-37<#LINE#>6.ISCA-RJCS-2013-169.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor DE, MALAYSIA <#LINE#>18/11/2013<#LINE#>23/11/2013<#LINE#>The tendency of electric arc furnace (EAF) slag to the adsorb nickel(II) from aqueous solution has been investigated through batch experiments. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) andEnergy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) Analysis. Analysis was characterized in order to give inside to the properties of electric arc furnace slag (EAFS). The adsorption result revealed that the maximum up take by the EAFS was 160.92mg/g at an equilibrium time of 216hr. The pseudo-second order kinetic fitted well with the kinetic data, showing a high determination coefficient (R) of over 0.996. The adsorption isotherms of nickel(II) on this adsorbent for both linear and non linear isotherms were well described by Langmuir model, this is because it shown a good fitting to the experimental data when compared to other isotherm models. Moreover the nickel(II) adsorption was found to be dependent on the adsorbent dosage, contact time and initial metal ion concentration. From the result it can be deduced that EAFS could be used to effectively adsorb nickel(II) from aqueous solution.<#LINE#> @ @ Littui H., Yuan Yuan, S., Tao Y., Li L., Adsorption behavior of Ni (II) on Lotus stalk derived active carbon by phosphoric acid activation,  Desalination, 268, 12-19 (2011) @No $ @ @ Rifaqatu, A.K., Moonish A.K., Removal and recovering of Cu(II), Cd (II) and Pb (II) ions from single and multi metal system by batch and column operation on neem oil cake (NOC), Separation and Purification Technology, 57, 397-402 (2007) @No $ @ @ Mohan, S., Streelakshmi G., Fixed bed column study for heavy metal removal using phosphate treated rice husk, J. of Hazard Mater., 153, 253-262 (2008) @No $ @ @ Jalali R., Ghafourian H., Asef, Y., Davarpanah, S. J., Sepehr S., Removal and recovery of lead using non living biomass of marine algae,  J. of Hazard Mater., B 2, 253-262 (2002) @No $ @ @ Nlo H., Chua K.H. and S.H.B. Lam, A comparative investigation on the biosorption of lead by filamentous fungal biomass, Chemosphere, 39, 272-2736 (1999) @No $ @ @ Beh C., Chuah L., Choong T.S.Y.,. Kamarudzaman M.Z.B. and Abdan K., Adsorption study electric arc furnace slag for the removal of manganese from solution, American Journal of Applied Sci.,7(4), 442–446 (2010) @No $ @ @ Chungsying L., Comparisons of sorbent cost for the removal of Ni2+ from aqueous solution by carbon nanotubes and granular activated carbon, J. of Hazard Mater., 151, 239-246 (2008) @No $ @ @ Xue S.W. and Yong Q., Removal of Ni(II), Zinc(II) and Cr(VI) from aqueous solution by Alternanthra philoxeroides biomas, J. of Hazard Mater., B138, 585-588 (2006) @No $ @ @ Malkoc  E., Ni (II) removal from aqueous solutions using cone biomass of Thuja orientalis, J. of Hazard Mater., 137, 899-908 (2006) @No $ @ @ Vieira M., Neto A., Gimenes M, M. da Silva, Sorption kinetics and  equilibrium for the removal of nickel ions from aqueous phase on calcined Bofe bentonite clay,  J. of Hazard Mater., 177, 362–371 (2010) @No $ @ @ Crini G., Recent developments in polysaccharide based materials used as adsorbents in wastewater, treatment. Proly. Sci., 30, 38-70 (2005) @No $ @ @ David W.O.,  A modified cellulose adsorbent for the removal of nickel (II) from aqueous solution, Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology., 81, 1820-1828 (2006) @No $ @ @ Dimitrova S.V., Use of granular slag column for lead removal, Water Resource, 36, 40014008 (2002) @No $ @ @ Yanli M., Hongwei H.Y. and Hongxian O., A novel extracellular biopolymer produced from pseudonas fluoresces C-2 preparation, characterization and adsorption behaviours toward nickel (II) ions in aqueous solution, Inter. J. Mat Str Integration., , 74-93 (2012) @No $ @ @ Kumar P.S.; Kirthika K. Equilibrium and kinetic study of adsorption of nickel from aqueous solution ontobael tree leaf powder, J. Eng. Sci. and Tech., 40, 351-363 (2009) @No $ @ @ Bernard E., Jimoh A. and Odigure J.O., Heavy metal removal from industrial wastewater by activated carbon prepared from coconut shell, Res. J. Chem. Sci.,3(8), 3-9 (2013) @No $ @ @ Malkoc E., Nuhuoglu Y., Removal of Ni(II) from aqueous solution using waste tea  factory:  Adsorption on a fixed- bed column,  J. of Hazard Mater., 40, 326-336 (2006) @No $ @ @ Alka T. and Prerma K., Superparamagnetic PVA-Alginate microspheres as adsorbent for Cu2+ ion removal from aqueous system, Int.Res. J. of Environ Sci.,2(7), 44-53 (2013) @No $ @ @ Ozacar M. and Sengil A., Adsorption of complex dyes from aqueous solution by pine sawdust, J. Bioresource Technol.,7, 791-795 (2005) @No $ @ @ Lu  C., Liu C. and G.P. Rao, Comparisons of sorbent cost for the removal of Ni2+ from aqueous solution by carbon nanotubes and granular activated carbon,  J. of Hazard Mater. 151, 239-246 (2008) @No $ @ @ Carvalho W.A., Vignado C. and Fontana J., Ni(II) removal from aqueous effluents by silylated clays, J. of Hazard Mater., 153(3), 1240–1247 (2008) @No $ @ @ Ofomaja A. E., Intraparticle diffusion process for lead (II) biosorption onto mansonia wood sawdust, J. Bioresource Technol.,, 101(15), 5868–5876, (2010) @No $ @ @ Freundlich H., Uber Die, Adsorption in lunsungen, Journal of Physical Chemistry,57, 347– 470 (1985) @No $ @ @ Lagergren S., About the theory of so-called adsorption of soluble substances, Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 24 (4), 1–39 (1898) @No $ @ @ HoY., Ng J., McKay  G.,  Kinetics of pollutant sorption by biosorbents: review, Separation  Purification Technology., 29(2), 189–232 (2000) @No
<#LINE#>Synthesis and Antimicrobial screening of Chalcones containing imidazo [1,2-a] pyridine nucleus<#LINE#>PravinS.@Bhale,SakharamB.@Dongare,UmakantB.@Chanshetti<#LINE#>38-42<#LINE#>7.ISCA-RJCS-2013-170.pdf<#LINE#><#LINE#>22/11/2013<#LINE#>28/11/2013<#LINE#>A series of chalcones were prepared by reacting various acetophenones with 2-(4-bromophenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carbaldehyde in the presence of alcoholic alkali. The structures of these compounds were confirmed on the basis of spectral data. All the title compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activities. The screening data indicated that tested compounds showed good antimicrobial activity.<#LINE#> @ @ Hanson S.M., Morlock E.V., Satyshur K.A., Czajkowski C. Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different, J. Med. Chem., 51(22), 7243-52 (2008) @No $ @ @ Mavel S., Renou J.L., Galtier C., Snoeck R., Andrei G., Balzarini J., De Clercq E. and Gueiffier A., One-pot Synthesis of 3-Aminoimidazo[1,2-]pyridines Catalyzed by Heteropolyacids, Arzneim.-Forsch, 51, 304 (2001) @No $ @ @ Lacerda R.B., De Lima C.K., Da Silva L.L., Discovery of novel analgesic and anti-inflammatory 3-arylamine-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine symbiotic prototypes.Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 17, 74 (2009) @No $ @ @ Bhale P.S. and Dongare S.B., Synthesis and antimicrobial screening of Mannich bases of imidazo[1,2-a] pyridine, Golden Research Thoughts, 2, 1-6, 2013 (b) Bhale, P. S.; Dongare, S. B., Synthesis and antimicrobial screening of Schiff’s bases of imidazo [1,2-a] pyridine Int. J. Chem. Sci., 11, 1563 (2013) @No $ @ @ Humphries A.C., Gancia E., Gilligan M.T., Goodacre S., Hallett D., Marchant K.J. and Thomas S.R., 8-Fluoroimidazo [1,2-a]pyridine: synthesis, physicochemical properties and evaluation as a bioisosteric replacement for imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine in an allosteric modulator ligand of the GABA A receptor, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 16, 1518 (2006) @No $ @ @ Dvey D., Erhardt P.W., Lumma W.C., Jr.; Wiggins, J.; Sullivan, M.; Pang, D.; Cantor, E., Novel 8-aryl-substituted imidazo[1,2-a]- and -[1,5-a]pyridines and imidazo [1,5-a] pyridinones as potential positive inotropic agents, J. Med. Chem., 30, 1337 (1987) @No $ @ @ Langer S.Z., Arbilla S.; Benavides, Zolpidem and alpidem: two imidazopyridines with selectivity for omega 1- and omega 3-receptor subtypes, J. Adv. Biochem. Psychopharmacol., 46, 61 (1990) @No $ @ @ Harrison T.S., Keating G.M., Zolpidem: a review of its use in the management of insomniaCNS Drugs 19, 65 (2005) @No $ @ @ Ueda T., Mizusgige K., Yukiiri K. and Takahashi T., Cerebrovasc. Dis., Synthesis and antimicrobial screening of Mannich bases of imidazo[1,2-a] pyridine, 16, 396, (2003) @No $ @ @ Douhal A. Ber. Bunsen-Ges., The involvement of rotational processes in the intramolecular proton-transfer cycle, Phys. Chem., 102, 448, (1998) @No $ @ @ Haefely W., Martin J.R., Schoch P., Novel anxiolytics that act as partial agonists at benzodiazepine receptorsTrends Pharmacol. Sci., 11, 452 (1990) @No $ @ @ Tomczuk B.E., Taylor C.R., Moses L.M., Sutherland D.B., Lo Y.S., Johnson D.N., Kinnier W. B., Kilpatrick, B. F., 2-Phenyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine-3-acetamides as non-benzodiazepine anticonvulsants and anxiolytics, J. Med. Chem, 34, 2993 (1991) @No $ @ @ Denora N., Laquintana V., Pisu M.G., Dore R., Murru L., Latrofa A. and Trapani G., Sanna, 2-Phenyl-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine compounds containing hydrophilic groups as potent and selective ligands for peripheral benzodiazepine receptors: synthesis, binding affinity and electrophysiological studies, E. J. Med. Chem., 51, 6876 (2008) @No $ @ @ Al-Tel T.H., Al-Qawasmeh R.A. and Zaarour R., Design, synthesis and in vitro antimicrobial evaluation of novel Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine and imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]benzothiazole motifs, Eur. J. Med. Chem., 46, 1874 (2011) @No $ @ @ Rupert K.C., Henry J.R., Dodd J.H., Wadsworth S.A., Cavender D.E., Olini G.C., Fahmy B. and Siekierka J., J. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 13, 347 (2003) @No $ @ Gudmundsson K.S., Johns B.A., Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines with potent activity against herpesviruses, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 17, 2735 (2007) @No $ @ @ Kenda B.M., Matagne A.C., Talaga P.E., Pasau P.E., Differding E., Lallemand B.I., Frycia A.M., Moureau F. G., Klitgaard H.V., Gillard M.R., Fuks B., Michel P., Discovery of 4-substituted pyrrolidone butanamides as new agents with significant antiepileptic activity, J. Med. Chem., 47, 530 (2004) @No $ @ @ Gudmundsson K.S., Boggs S.D., Catalano J.G., Svolto A., Spaltenstein, A., Thomson M., Wheelan P. and Jenkinson S.,\Imidazopyridine-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinamine derivatives with potent activity against HIV-1., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 19, 6399 (2009) @No $ @ @ Baviskar A.T.; Madaan C., Preet R., Mohapatra P., Jain V., Agarwal A., Guchhait S.K., Kundu C.N., Banerjee U.C., Bharatam P.V., N-fused imidazoles as novel anticancer agents that inhibit catalytic activity of topoisomerase IIand induce apoptosis in G1/S phase, J. Med. Chem., 54, 5013 (2011) @No
<#LINE#>Analysis of Micellar behavior of as Synthesized Sodium itaconate Monoesters with various Hydrophobic chain lengths, in Aqueous media<#LINE#>DhivyaPrabha@R.,Santhanalakshmi@J.,ArunPrasath@R.<#LINE#>43-49<#LINE#>8.ISCA-RJCS-2013-171.pdf<#LINE#>Department of physical chemistry, University of Madras, Maraimalai campus, Guindy, Chennai - 600025, INDIA @ Centre for Green Energy Technology, Madanjeet School of Green Energy Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry – 605014, INDIA <#LINE#>23/11/2013<#LINE#>2/12/2013<#LINE#>Polymerizable surfactants belong to the class of n-alkyl itaconate monoesters are synthesized using itaconic anhydride and the n-alkanols, with n from C10 to C16 chain lengths as precursors. The seven homologues of itaconate monoesters(IAn) synthesized are treated with Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) solution to result in sodium n-alkyl itaconate mono esters which act as anionic surfactants in aqueous medium. The structural characterizations of IAn are carried out using FTIR and HNMR measurements. Specific conductance and UV absorbance values are determinedat different concentrations of surfactant and NaOH in aqueous medium. The critical micelle concentration (CMC), the fractional charge per micelle () and the standard free energy change of micellisation (mic) values are determined for each of the IAn surfactants at 25C. The effect of hydrophobic chain length (Cn) on the micellisation parameters CMC, , and mic are depicted using the three dimensional (3D) plots with Cn and NaOH concentration dependences. The CMC values decreased gradually with increase in Cn due to raise in the hydrophobicity of the micelle core, while  values increased up to C14 homologous and further decreased with increase in Cn due to chain folding inside the micelle core. The synthesized polymerizable surfmers could find application in the production of stable functional polymeric nano particles.<#LINE#> @ @ Okabe M., Lies D., Kanamasa S and Park E.Y., Biotechnological production of itaconic acid and its biosynthesis in Aspergillusterreus, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol, 84, 597606 (2009) @No $ @ @ Tsao G.T., Cao N.J., Du J and Gong C.S., Production of Multifunctional Organic Acids from Renewable Resources, Adv. Biochem. Eng. Biotechnol., 65, 243–280 (1999) @No $ @ @ Dwiarti L., Otsuka M., Miura S., Yaguchi and Okabe M., Itaconic acid production using sago starch hydrolysate by Aspergillusterreus, Bioresour.Technol., 98, 3329–3337 (2007) @No $ @ @ Prasath R.A. and Ramakrishnan S., Synthesis, characterization and utilization of itaconate-based polymerizable surfactants for the preparation of surface-carboxylated polystyrene latexes, J. Polym. Sci. Chem Ed., 43, 3257 (2005) @No $ @ @ Sar Santosh K. and RathodNutan., Micellar properties of alkyltrimethyl ammonium bromide in aquo-organic solvent media, Res.J.chem.sci.,1(4), 22-29 (2011) @No $ @ @ Hassan A. Ewais, Abdulla M. Asiri, Iqbal M.I. Ismail Salem A. Hameed and Ahmed A. Abdel-Khalek., Kinetics and mechanism of the ring opening of 3- carboethoxycoumarin by sodium hydroxide and hydrazine, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 2(12), 57-64 (2012) @No $ @ @ Faten Z. Mahmoud., Treatment of Waste Water Streams by Surfactant Micelles Using Semi-Equilibrium Dialysis (SED) Technique,Res. J. Chem. Sci.,2(12), 53-56 (2012) @No $ @ @ Kumar Harish, Rani Renu and Salar Raj Kuma., Synthesis of Nickel Hydroxide Nanoparticles by Reverse Micelle Method and its Antimicrobial Activity, Res.J.chem.sci.,1(9), 42-48 (2011) @No $ @ @ Ouyang Q., Cheng L., Wang H and Li K., Mechanism and Kinetics of the Stabilization Reactions of Itaconic Acid-Modified Polyacrylonitrile, Polym. Degrad. Stab.,93, 1415-1421 (2008) @No $ @ @ Radic D and Gargallo L., Synthesis, Reactivity Ratios, and Solution Behavior of Vinylpyrolidone-Co-Monoalkyl Itaconate and Vinylpyrolidone-Co-Dialkyl Itaconate Copolymers, Macromolecules., 30, 817 - 825 (1997) @No $ @ @ Riscaldati E., Moresi M., Federici F and Petruccioli M., Effect of pH and stirring rate on itaconate production by Aspergillusterreus, J. Biotechnol., 83, 219230 (2000) @No $ @ @ Tsaur S.L. and Fitch R.M., Preparation and properties of polystyrene model colloids: Preparation of surface-active monomer and model colloids derived therefrom, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 115 450462 (1987) @No $ @ @ Santhanalakshmi J. and Komalavalli R., Visible Light Induced Photocatalytic Degradation of some Textile Dyes Using Silver Nano Particles,Res.J.chem.sci.,2(4), 6467 (2012) @No $ @ @ Beyaz A., Oh W.S and Reddy V.P., Ionic liquids as modulators of the Critical micelle concentration of Sodium dodecyl sulfate,Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces., 35, 119124 (2004) @No $ @ @ Hait S.K., Majhi P.R., Blume A and Moulik S.P., A Critical Assessment of Micellization of Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate (SDBS) and Its Interaction with Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) and Hydrophobically Modified Polymers, J. Phys. ChemB., 107, 3650–3658 (2003) @No $ @ @ Geng F., Liu J., Zheng L., Yu L., Li Z., Li G and Tung C., Micelle Formation of Long-Chain Imidazolium Ionic Liquids in Aqueous Solution Measured by Isothermal Titration Microcalorimetry, J. Chem. Eng. Data., 55, 147–151 (2010) @No $ @ @ Brito R.O., Silva S.G., Fernandes R., Marques E.F., Borges J.E and do Vale M.L.C., Enhanced interfacial properties of novel amino acid-derived surfactants: effects of headgroupchemistry, and of alkyl chain length and unsaturation, Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces., 86, 65–70 (2011) @No $ @ @ Jönsson B., Lindman B., Holmberg K and Kronberg B., Surfactants and Polymers in Aqueous Solution. John Wiley and Sons, New York (1998) @No $ @ @ Tabohashi T., Tobita K., Sakamoto K., Kouchi J., Yokoyama S., Sakai H and Abe M., Solution properties of amino acid-type new surfactant, Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces., 20,79–86 (2001) @No $ @ @ Ooshika Y., Theory of Critical Micelle Concentration of Colloidal Electrolyte Solutions, J. Colloid Sc., 9, 285299 (1954) @No $ @ @ Poland D.C. and Scheraga H.A., Hydrophobic bonding and micelle stability; the influence of ionic head group, J. 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<#LINE#>Transition Metal Complexes of Bidentate Ligand N-aminoquinolino-2- one and Anthranilic Hydrazide<#LINE#>IsraaA.@Hassan<#LINE#>50-53<#LINE#>9.ISCA-RJCS-2013-172.pdf<#LINE#>Department of chemistry, College of Science University of Mosul, IRAQ<#LINE#>24/11/2013<#LINE#>3/12/2013<#LINE#>This research involves the preparation of some transition metal  complexes of Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Hg(II) with the ligand N-aminoquinolino-2-one(L) andmixed ligands such as anthranilic hydrazide as abidentate ligand. Complexes of the general formula [M(L)Cl], [M(LCl] and[M(L(L)]Cl  were prepared through direct reaction of the above ligand with the metal respectively (1:1), (1:2) and (1:2:1)ligand with anthranilic acid. These complexes characterized by means of Microanalysis (M) molar conductance measurements, Magnetic measurements, Infrared and electronic spectral techniques. <#LINE#> @ @ Hyappa  P.B.,Young  j.k.,Moore  J.S and Suslic  Dendrimer-Metalloprophyrine:Synthesis and Catalysis, J. Am.Chem.Soc., 118,5708 (1996) @No $ @ @ Castillo-Blum S.E. and Barba-Behrens N., Coordination chemistry of some biologically active ligands, Coord.Chem.Rev., (3), 196 (2000) @No $ @ @ Mohan G.,and Rajesh N., Synthesis and anti- inflammatory activity of N-Pyridinobenzamid-2-carboxylic acid and its metal chelates, Indian J.Pharm, 24, 207 (1992) @No $ @ @ Kong D., Reibbenspies J., Mao J. and Clearfield A., Novel 30-membered octaazama-crocyclic ligand: synthesis, characterization  thermodynamic stabilities and  DNA cleavage activity of homodinuclear  copper and nichel complexes, Inorg.Chim .Acta, 342,158 (2003) @No $ @ @ Lewis R.J.,   Smith T.S.,  Karzynski  A., Max well  A.J.,  Wonacott  and  Wingley D.B, The nature of inhibition of DNA gyrase by the Coumarins and the cyclothialidines revealed by X-ray crystallography, EMBOJ., 15, 1412-1420 (1996) @No $ @ @ Tai-Chi  W., Kuan – Han  L., Yeh – long C., Shorong – Shii L and T. Cherng – Chyi  T.,  Synthesis and anticancer evaluation of certain Y-aryloxymethyl -a- methylene –Y– phenyl –Y– butyrolactones, Bioorg. Med. Chem., 19, 2773–2776 (1998) @No $ @ @ Ghulam Q., Nasim H.R., Zhi-Jin F., Bin Land Xiufeng L., synthesis, herbicidal, fungicidal and insecticidal evaluation of 3-(dichlophenyl) -iso coumarins dichlorophenyl)-3,4- dihydrois coumarins, J.Braz. chem. Soc., 18, 6 (2007) @No $ @ @ Manfredin  S., Danicle S., Roberto F., Rita B, Silvia V,.Sigrid H., Jan B and  Erik D., Retinoic Acid Conjugates as potenial Antiumor  Agents: Synthesis and Biological Activity of Conjuates with Ara-A, Ara-C, 3(2H)- furanone, and Aniline Mustard  Moieties, J.Med.Chem., 40(23), 3851-3857 (1997) @No $ @ @ Borges F., Roleira F., Milhazes N., Santana L and Uriarte E., Simple  coumarine and analoges in Medicinal chemistry chem., 12, 88-916 (2005) @No $ @ @ Kennedy O., Thornes R.D., Coumarins: Biology, Applications and Mode of Action. Wiley & Sons, Chichester, (1997) @No $ @ @ AL-Amiery A.H, AL-Bayati I.H,Radi F.,Synthesis, pectroscopic and antimicrobial studies of transition metal complexes of N-amino quinolone derivatives, British. J.Pharm. Toxi, 2, 5-11 (2011) @No $ @ @ AL-Omar A.,EL-Azab A.S., EL-Obeid W.A and Abdel W.,Synthesis of some new 4(3H)-quinazolinone analogues, J.sandi chem. Soc.,10, 113 (2006) @No $ @ @ AL-Bayati R.F.,Radi M.F., Synthesis of novel 2-quinolone elerivative. A.J. pure chem.,4(10), 228-232 (2010) @No $ @ @ Vogel A.I., A text Book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis Including Elementary Instrumental Analysis, 3461 (1967) @No $ @ @ Geary W.j.,The use of conductivity measurement in organic solvent for characterization of coordination compounds, Coord.Chem.Rev., , 8 (1971) @No $ @ @  Ali I.H., preparation and investigation of some complexes of Cobalt(II), Nickel(II), copper(I), (II), with Schiff Bases Derivation Acid Hydrazide, MSC. Thesis, college of Education , University of Mosul (1999) @No $ @ @ Cotton F.A. and Wilkinsan D., Advensed Inorganic Chemistry 5th ed Wiley-Inter Science,New York (1988) @No $ @ @ Chaudhary R. and Shelly, Synthesis, Spectral and Pharmacological Study of Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) Coordination Complexes, Res.J.Chem.Sci.,1(5), 1-5 (2011) @No $ @ @ Ali I.H., Synthesis and characterization of some complexes Mn(II),Fe(II),Co(II),Ni(II),Cu(II), and Zn(II) with Schiff bases derived from anthranilic hydrazide with salicyldehyde and benzyldehyde, Tik. J.Pur.sci., 14(1), (2009) @No $ @ @ Hussein S.S.,Mostaafa M.,Stefen S.L. and Abdel-Aziz E.,Structural Diversity of 3d Complexes of  an Isatinic Quinolyl Hydrazone , Res. J.Chem.Sci., 1(5),67-72(2011) @No $ @ @ Kulkarni P.A., Habib I.S., Saraf  V.D. and Deshpande M.M., Synthesis, spectral analysis and antimicrobial activity of some new transition metal complexes derived from 2, 4-dihydroxy acetophenone, Res.J.Chem.Sci., 3, 107 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mostafa M., Metal Chelates of Hydrazone Ligand Chelating  Tendencies of 2-Carboxy –Phenyihydrazoacetoacetanilide  (2-Cphaa) Ligand, Res.J.Chem.Sci.,1(7), 1-4 (2011) @No $ @ @ Buttrus N.H and Tariq F.S.,Synthesis and structural studies on some transition metal complexes of bis –(benzimidazole-2-thio) ethane, propane and butane ligands, Res.J.Chem.Sci.,2(6), 43-49 (2012) @No
<#LINE#>Synthesis, Characterization of some Antidiabetic Copper Complexes with Ethylenediamine<#LINE#>I.P.@Tripathi,MahendraKumar@Mishra,Kamal@Arti,Chinmayi@Mishra,Ruchita@Tripathi,LaxmiKant@Shastri,PandeyaKrishna@Bihari<#LINE#>54-59<#LINE#>10.ISCA-RJCS-2013-174.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Environment, Mahatama Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya Vishvavidyalaya, Chitrakoot, Satna, MP, INDIA @ Department of Biotechnology, Mahatama Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya Vishvavidyalaya, Chitrakoot, Satna, MP, INDIA @ Mahatama Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya Vishvavidyalaya, Chitrakoot, Satna, MP, INDIA <#LINE#>27/11/2013<#LINE#>4/12/2013<#LINE#> Biological trace metals such as iron, zinc, copper, and manganese are essential for human health. Development of inorganic pharmaceutical agents is very interesting creation in field of medicinal inorganic chemistry and these agents are being used to treat various chronic diseases with the help of essential elements and other biological trace metals. Metallotherapy is an expanding of interest in the research field of treatment of diabetes mellitus. Especially, orally active anti-diabetic and anti-metabolic syndrome copper complexes have been developed and progressed since last decades, where several highly potent anti-diabetic copper complexes with different coordination structures have quite recently been disclosed, using experimental diabetic animals and enzyme inhibitarory action (-glucosidase inhibition) also . In the present study we have synthesized, characterized and evaluate % of - glucosidase of Cu (II) metal complexes and concluded that [Cu (en)] 2NO (complex ) shows lowest IC50 value 0.475 mg/ml while [Cu (en)] 2Cl (Complex ) shows moderate activity.<#LINE#> @ @ Wild S., Roglic K., Green A., Sicree R. and King H., Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030, Diabetes Care, 27, 1047–1053 (2004) @No $ @ @ Folley S.J. and Greenbaum A.L., Insulin and metabolism of fatty acids, British Medical Bulletin, 16(3)228-232 (1960) @No $ @ @ ADA, Position Statement. Hyperglycemic crises in diabetes, Diabetes Care, 27(Suppl.1), 94-102 (2004) @No $ @ @ Pandeya K.B., Tripathi I. P., Mishra M.K., Dwivedi N., Pardhi Y., Kamal A., Gupta P., Dwivedi N. and Mishra C., A Critical Review on Traditional Herbal Drugs: An Emerging Alternative Drug for Diabetes, International Journal of Organic Chemistry, 3 (1), 1-22 (2013) @No $ @ @ Weder J.E., Dillon C.T., Hambley T.W., Kennedy B.J., Lay P.A., Biffin J.R., Regtop H.L. and Daview N. M., Copper complexes of non-steroidal anti--inflammatory drugs: an opportunity yet to be realized, Coord. Chem. Rev., 232, 95-126 (2002) @No $ @ @ Gordon G. and Birdwhistell R.K., Hexacoördinate Copper(II) in Trisethylenediaminecopper(II) Sulfate, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 81 (14), 3567–3569 (1959) @No $ @ @ Misra S., Pandeya K.B., Tiwari A.K., Ali A.Z. and Saradamani T., alpha -Glucosidase inhibition and DPPH free radical scavenging by oxovanadium(IV) complexes of some tetradentate Schiff bases, Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 88, 1195-1201 (2011) @No $ @ @ Ukpong E.J., Effiong E.J., Etesin U.M. and Prasad J., Metal Complexes of Diamines, (Part 1), Electrochemical Studies of Copper (II) Complexes of Ethylenediamine at Various pH Values, International Journal of Pure and Applied Science and Technology, 8(1), 26-37 (2012) @No $ @ @  Yoshikawa Y., Yasui H., Zinc complexes developed as metallopharmaceutics for treating diabetes mellitus based on the bio-medicinal inorganic chemistry, Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, 12(3), 210-218 (2012) @No $ @ @ Sakurai H., Katoh A., Kiss T., Jakusch T., Hattori M., Metallo-allixinate complexes with anti-diabetic and anti-metabolic syndrome activities, Metallomics, 2(10), 670-682 (2010) @No $ @ @ Qazzaz M., Ghani R.A., Metani M., Husein R., Abu-Hijleh A.L. and Ghani A.S.A., The Antioxidant Activity of Copper(II) (3,5-Diisopropyl Salicylate) and Its Protective Effect Against Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Rats, Biological Trace Element Research, 154(1), 88-96 (2013) @No
<#LINE#>Preparative HPLC for the Purification of major Anthocyanins from Ficus padana burm.L<#LINE#>Syukri@D.,D.@Darwis,Santoni@A.<#LINE#>60-64<#LINE#>11.ISCA-RJCS-2013-185.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, Andalas University, West Sumatra, INDONESIA <#LINE#>8/12/2013<#LINE#>12/12/2013<#LINE#>Anthocyanin can be purified from raw extract of Ficus padana burm.L by applying preparative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). For every separation process, the chromatographic  condition need to be optimized in order to gain the efficient purification process instantly. The current study shows that analytical scale chromatographic condition can be used as a condition for preparativehplc. Two known acylated anthocyanins  are isolated from the Ficus padana burm.L by Step gradient polarity preparative HPLC. The structures are set based on spectrometric analysis. The data from each obtained anthocyanin is being compared with both mass spectral data and published data. The first compound (peak 1) was identify as a pelargonidin 3-(6”-p-coumarylglucoside)-5-(4”’-Malonylglucoside) and the second compound was identify as a pelargonidin 3-(6’’-Malonylglucoside).<#LINE#> @ @ Gautier-Hion A., Duplantier J.M., Quris R., Feer, F., Sourd C., Decoux J.P., Dubost G., Emmons L., Erard C., Hecketsweiler P., Fruit characters as a basis of fruit choice and seed dispersal in a tropical forest vertebrate community, Oecologia, 65, 324-337 (1985) @No $ @ @ Gamble J., Jaeger S.R. and Harker F.R., Preferences in pear   appearance and response to novelty among Australian and New Zealand consumers, Postharvest Biol Technol, 41, 38-47 (2006) @No $ @ @ Gould K.S., McKelvie J. and Markham K., Do anthocyanins function as antioxidants in leaves? Imaging of H2O2 in red and green leaves after mechanical injury, Plant Cell Environ, 25, 1261-1269 (2002) @No $ @ @ Manetas Y., Why some leaves are anthocyanic and why most anthocyanic leaves are red? Flora, 201, 163-177 (2006) @No $ @ @ Steyn W.J., Wand S.J.E., Holcroft D.M. and Jacobs G., Anthocyanins in vegetative tissues: a proposed unified function in photoprotection, New Phytol, 155, 349-361 (2002) @No $ @ @ Stintzing F.C. and Carle R., Functional properties of anthocyanins and betalains in plants, food, and in human nutrition, Trends Food Sci. Tech, 15, 19-38 (2004) @No $ @ @ Huang W., Shao-ling Zhang., Gai-hua Qin., Le Wenquan., Jun Wu., Isolation and determination of mayor anthocyanin pigments in the pericap of P.Communis L. Cv.’Red Du Comines’ and their assoviation with antioxidant activity, African Journal of Agricultural Research, 7(26), 3772-3780 (2012) @No $ @ @ Liu Y., Mukarami N Wang L., Si Zhang., Preparative Hing-Perfoemance Liquid Chromatography.,Preparative High-Performance Liquid Chromatography for the Purification of Natural Acylated Abthocyanins from Red Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)., Journal of Chromatography Science,46.743-746(2008) @No $ @ @ www.lipidmaps.org,.http://www.lipidmaps.org/data/structure/LMSDSearch.php?Mode=ProcessClassSearch&LMID=LMPK12,.Retrieved on: November 10 (2013) @No $ @ @ Kong  J., Chia  L., Goh  N., Chia  T., Brouillard  R., Analysis and biological activities of anthocyanins. Phytochemistry 64. 923–933 (2003) @No $ @ @ Delgado-Vargas, F., Paredes-Lopez, O., Natural Colorants for Food andNutraceutical Uses. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, p. 326 (2003) @No $ @ @ Oki, T., Masuda, M., Furuta, S., Nishiba, Y., Terahara, N., Suda, I., Involvement of anthocyanins and other phenolic compounds in radical-scavengingactivity of purple fleshed sweet potato cultivars, J. Food Sci. 67 (5).1752–1756 (2002) @No $ @ @ Pascual-Teresa, S., Santos-Buelga, C., Rivas-Gonzalo, J.C., LC–MS analysis of anthocyanins from purple corn cob, J. Sci. Food Agric, 82.1003–1006 (2002) @No $ @ @ Lapornik B., Prosek M. and Golc Wondra A., Comparison of extracts prepared from plant by-products using different solvents and extraction time, J. Food Eng, 71(2), 214–222 (2005) @No $ @ @ Jing  P. and Giusti M.,  Effects of extraction conditions on improving the yield and quality of an anthocyanin-rich purple corn (Zea mays L.) color extract, J. Food Sci, 72(7), C363–C368 (2007) @No $ @ @ Fan G., Han Y., Gu Z. and Chen D., Optimizing conditions for anthocyanins extraction from purple sweet potato using response surface methodology (RSM), LWT Food Sci Technol, 41, 155–160 (2008) @No $ @ @ Steed  L.E. and Truong V.D., Anthocyanin content, antioxidant activity, and selected physical properties of flowable purple-fleshed sweetpotato purees, J.Food Sci, 73(5), S215–S221 (2008) @No $ @ @ Rivas-Gonzalo J., Analysis of polyphenols. In Methods in Polyphenols Analysis; Santos-Buelga, C., Williamson, G., Eds.;Royal Society of Chemistry (Athenaeum Press, Ltd.), Cambridge,U.K.  95-98, 338-358 (2003) @No $ @ @ Strack  D. and Wray  V., Anthocyanins. In Methods in Plants Biochemistry; Dey, P. M., Harbone, J. B., Eds.; Academic Press: San Diego, CA, Vol. 1: Plant Phenolics,325- 359 (1989) @No $ @ @ Huber U. and Majors R.E., Principle in preparative HPLC., Agilent Technologies 5989-66EN(2007) @No
<#LINE#>Electrochemical study of interaction of the Heavy Metal ions on Redox behavior of Anthraquinone-2-sulphonic acid at the Glassy carbon electrode<#LINE#>B.@Marichamy,Ramalakshmi@N.<#LINE#>65-70<#LINE#>12.ISCA-RJCS-2013-195.pdf<#LINE#>Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Presidency College, Chennai-05, Tamil Nadu, INDIA <#LINE#>13/12/2013<#LINE#>16/12/2013<#LINE#> The electrochemical behavior of anthroquinone-2-sulphonic acid (AQS) and the interaction of the heavy metal ions such as Cu2+, Hg2+, Cd2+ and Mn2+ at the glassy carbon electrode in the aqueous alcoholic 0.1M KCl solution is studied through cyclic voltammetry technique. The AQS redox system mediated dioxygen reduction process is explained. The scan rate effect of the AQS, Cu-AQS, Hg-AQS, Cd-AQS and Mn-AQS provides useful parameters such as surface concentration of electroactive species, formal potential of the AQS system, rate constant and electron transfer coefficient number. These parameters conclude that the reduction process of AQS is catalysed by manganese ion and oxidation process is catalysed by the cadmium and mercury ions. Multisweep cycle experiment clearly shows the hydroxylation reaction is occurred at the 6thpostion of AQS in the AQS and metal-AQS systems. The semiquinone formation and stabilized by the OH group in the AQS is clearly explained from the appearance of the peak at -0.3V. Except copper, all the metal-AQS system shows semiquinone peak. Thus copper undergo complexation reaction with 6-hydroxydihydroanthraquinone-2-sulphonicacid which is formed at the reduction process of AQS system after the first cycle.<#LINE#> @ @ Berdy.J, Aszalos.M, McNitt.K.L., In “Handbook of Antibiotic Compounds”, Quinone and Similar Antibiotics, III CRC Press Inc., Baca Raton, Florida (1980) @No $ @ @ Riebergen.R.J.D, Hartigh.J.D., Holthuis. J.J.M., Hulshoff. A., Oort. J.V.,.Kelder. S.J.P, Verboom W., Reinhouolt. D.N., Electrochemistry of Potentially Bioreductive Alkylating Quinones, Part.1. Electrochemical properties of Relatively Simple Quinones as Model Compounds of Mitomycin and Aziridinyl Quinone-Type Antitumour Agents, Anal.Chim.Acta, 233 251 (1990) @No $ @ @ Golabi.S.M., Pournaghi.M.H., Electrochemical Behaviour of P-Benzo Quinone, 2,3,5,6-Tetrachloro-Quinone and 1,4-Napthoquinone in Chloroform-I. in the Absence of Proton Donors, Electrochim.Acta, 33 425 (1987) @No $ @ @ Kinoshita. K., ‘Electrochemical Oxygen Technology’, John Wiely & Sons, Ny (1992) @No $ @ @ Mouahid.O.El, Coutanequ.C., Belgsir. E.M., Crouignear.P., Leger. J.M., Lany.C., Electrochemical reduction of dioxygen at macrocycle conducting polymer electrodes in acid media, J.Electroanal.Chem.426 117-123 (1997) @No $ @ @ Zagal.J.H., Aguirre.M.J., Puez. M.A., O reduction kinetics on a graphite electrode modified with adsorbed vitamin 12, J.Electroanal.Chem.,437 45-52 (1997) @No $ @ @ Wrighton.M.S., Surface Functionalization of Electrodes with molecular reagents, Sceince231 32-37 (1986) @No $ @ @ Bockris.J.O’M., Khan.S.O., ‘Surface Electrochemistry, A molecular level approach, plenum press, New York, (1993) @No $ @ @ Shap.M., Peterson.M., Eelstrain.K., Preliminary determinations of electron transfer kinetics involving ferrocene covalently attached to a platinum surface,  J.Electroanal.Chem.,95 123 (1979) @No $ @ @ Laviron. E., General expression of the linear potential sweep voltammogram in the case of diffusionless electrochemical systems, J.Electroanal.Chem. 101, 19 (1979) @No 
<#LINE#>Study of Noise Pollution Levels during a Hindu Festival in Dhar Town, MP, India<#LINE#>UdaySingh@Ningwal,Deepak@Shinde<#LINE#>71-75<#LINE#>13.ISCA-RJCS-2013-200.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Zoology, Govt. Post Graduate College, Dhar – 454001, INDIA<#LINE#>4/11/2013<#LINE#>22/11/2013<#LINE#>The present paper deals with monitoring of Noise Pollution at different places of Dhar town during Navratri festival. During this festival Garba dance (one of the most popular folk dances in India) is organized by local public at various places of the town. During the present study the noise levels were measured with the help of sound level meter at five different locations during Navratri festival. It was clear from our study that the noise levels are extremely elevated and are found to be above the prescribed limits of CPCB even in the silent zones. The main sources of noise pollution are loud speakers, powerful sound systems, orchestra, drums etc. Major effects of noise pollution include interference with communication, sleeplessness, and reduced efficiency.<#LINE#> @ @ Concha-Barrientos M. Campbell-Lendrum D. and Steenland K., Occupational Noise, Assessing the Burden of Disease from Work- Related Hearing Impairment at National and Local Levels. Environmental Burden of Disease, Series No. 9, World Health Organization Protection of the Human Environment, Geneva, 1,(2004) @No $ @ @ Schomer P.A, White Paper on Assessment of Noise Annoyance, Schomer and Associates, Inc., Champaign,1,(2001) @No $ @ @ PH. Bhagwat and Pramod M. Meshram, International Journal of Pharmaceutical and chemical sciences, 2(1),(2013) @No $ @ @ Tripathy D.B., Noise pollution, A.P.H. Publishing Corporation, New Delhi, India, (1999) @No $ @ @ CPCB, The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control ) Rules, published in the Gazette of India, vide S.O. 123(E), dated 14.2.2000 and subsequently amended vide S.O. 1046(E), dated 19.09.2006 and S.O. 50 (E) dated 11.01.2010 under the Environment (Protection) Act 1986, (2000) @No $ @ @ C.P.C.B., (Pollution Control Acts, rules, and notifications issued there under. Pollution Control Series, PCL/2/1992 (I), New Delhi, (1995) @No $ @ @ Mangalekar S.B., Jadhav A.S. and Raut P.D., Study of noise pollution in Kolhapur city, Maharashtra, India, Universal journal of Environmental research and technology,2(1), 65-69 (2012) @No $ @ @ Lad R. J., Patil V. N. and Raut P. D., Study of Noise Pollution during Deepawali Festival in Kolhapur City of Maharashtra, India, Indian Streams Research Journal, 1(VII), 82 (2011) @No $ @ @ Agarwal S. and Swami B.L., Status of Ambient Noise Levels in Jaipur City, Environment Conservation Journal, 11(1and2), 105-108 (2010) @No $ @ @ Sampath S., Das S.M. and Kumar V.S., Ambient Noise Levels in Major Cities in Kerala, J. Ind. Geophys. Union,8(4), 293-298 (2004) @No $ @ @ Sagar T.V. and Rao G.N., Noise Pollution Levels in Visakhapatnam City (India), Journal of Environ. Science and and Engg.,48(2), 139-142 (2006) @No $ @ @ Singh N. and Davar S.C., Noise Pollution- Sources, Effects and Control, J. Hum. Ecol.16(3), 181-187 (2004) @No $ @ @ Stephen A, Stansfeld and Mark P Matheson, Noise pollution: non-auditory effects on health, British Medical Bulletin, 68, 243–257 (2003) @No 
@Short Communication
<#LINE#>Effect of the Mass Rate of the Straw on the Mechanical and Hydric Characteristics of Mortars in Earth<#LINE#>LakhdarSalim@Guebboub,Hamiane@Massaoud,Kadi-Hanifi@Mouhyddine<#LINE#>76-78<#LINE#>14.ISCA-RJCS-2013-175.pdf<#LINE#>Institute of Archaeology, University of Algiers, ALGERIA @ Department of genius of materials, Faculty of Science of the engineer, Boumerdes, ALGERIA @ Faculty of Physics, University of Science and Technology, Algiers, ALGERIA <#LINE#>29/11/2013<#LINE#>1/12/2013<#LINE#>This work presents an experimental study concerning the characterization of a mortar in raw earth chosen as material of construction in which we have to strengthen him by fibers of vegetable (chopped straw), to improve these mechanical performances. In this respect, we preceded to develop composites in earth by a protocol traditional, with various percentages of straw fibers (1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 % and 5 %). The realized test tubes were also tested in axial close compression, what allowed to highlight the importance of the percentage of the addition on the mechanical behavior of the material. The results showed that the mortar of earth(ground) strengthened by vegetable fibers in 3 % possesses an improvement of its mechanical properties in the flexion.<#LINE#> @ @ Bardel P. and Maillard J., Architecture of Earth in Ille-et-Vilaine .Editions: peak, September, (2002) @No $ @ @ Dethier J., architectures of earth or the future of a thousand-year-old tradition, CGP, Paris, on (1982) @No $ @ @ Guebboub L.S., M. Kadi Hanifi, M. Hamiane, S. Kamel, Characterization of a composite material in adobe subjected to natural weathering: The case of El Hara Djelfa- Algeria, International Journal of the Physical Sciences,6(25), 5982-5987 (2011) @No $ @ @ Bruno P., Raw Earth, Technique of construction and restoration, Edition Eyrolles (2005) @No $ @ @ Martin R., Study of the strengthening of the earth  by means of vegetable fibers. Colloquium Construction in earth, Vaulx-en-Velin (1984) @No $ @ @ Righi D. and Elsass F., Characterization of soil clay minerals: decomposition of X-ray diffraction diagrams and high resolution electron microscopy, Clays and Clay Minerals, 44, 791-800 (1996) @No $ @ @ Gelard D., Identification and characterization of the cohesion internal of the material is in hiding in its natural conditions of preservation, Lille - Dunkirk, thesis doctorate .L' doctoral school, is in hiding environement universe, 31-154 (2005) @No $ @ @ Beg M. and Pickering K.L., Accelerated weathering of unbleached and bleached kraft wood fibre reinforced polypropylene composites, Polymer Degradation and Stability, 93(10), 1939-1946  (2008) @No 
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Various Pharmacological aspects of 2, 5-Disubstituted 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives: A Review<#LINE#>Anees@Pangal,JavedA.@Shaikh<#LINE#>79-89<#LINE#>15.ISCA-RJCS-2013-173.pdf<#LINE#>Dept. of Chemistry and Post Graduate Centre, Abeda Inamdar Sr. College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Camp, Pune – 411001, Affiliated to University of Pune, Pune, INDIA <#LINE#>24/11/2013<#LINE#>30/11/2013<#LINE#> Heterocyclic compounds possess diverse biological properties that have lead to intense study and research of these compounds. One of these compounds is Oxadiazole which has been found to exhibit various pharmacological activities. 1,3,4-oxadiazole having heterocyclic nucleus is a novel molecule which attract the chemist to search a new therapeutic molecule. 1,3,4-oxadizole exhibited a wide range of biological activities which includes antibacterial, anti-tubercular, anticonvulsant, hypoglycemic, anti-allergic, enzyme inhibitor, vasodialatory, antifungal, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, hypolipidemic, anticancer, insecticidal, ulcerogenic activities etc. Out of the various derivative 2,5-Disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazole is a widely exploited for various application. A large number of drugs used clinically have oxadiazole ring as a structural building block. The capacity of 1,3,4-oxadiazole nucleus to undergo variety of chemical reactions including electrophilic substitution, nucleophilic substitution, thermal and photochemical which make it medicinal backbone on which a number of potential molecules can be constructed. This review has basic information about 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives published in various journals for further development in the field. <#LINE#> @ @ Navin B. Patel, Jaymin C. Patel, Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of 3-(1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-yl) quinazolin-4(3H)-ones, Scientia Pharmaceuica, 78, 171–193 (2010) @No $ @ @ Jnyanaranjan Panda, V. Jagannath Patro, Chandra Sekhar Panda and Jitendriya Mishra, Synthesis, characterization, antibacterial and analgesic evaluation of some 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives, Der PharmaChemica, 3(2), 485-490 (2011) @No $ @ @ Rakesh R. Somani, Anuj G. Agrawal, Pushkar P. Kalantri, Pratibha S. Gavarkar and Erik De Clerq, Investigation of 1,3,4-OxadiazoleScaffold as Potentially Active Compounds, International Journal of Drug Design and Discovery, 2(1), 353-360 (2011) @No $ @ @ Ponnilavarasan Ilangovan, Ayaluraja Sekaran, Sundaramoorthi Chenniappan, Bhalchandra Keshao Chaple, Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives, Journal of Pharmacy Research 4(6), 1696-1698 (2011) @No $ @ @ Rakesh Saini, Saurabh Chaturvedi, Achyut Narayan Kesari, Swatrantra Kushwaha, Synthesis of 2-(substituted)-5-(benzotriazomethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole for anti-fungal activity, Der PharmaChemica, 2(2), 297-302 (2010) @No $ @ @ Mohd Amir, S A Javed and Harish Kumar, Synthesis of some 1,3,4-Oxadiazole derivatives as potential antiinflammatory agents, Indian Journal of Chemistry, 46B, 1014-1019 (2007) @No $ @ @ Poonam Singh and Pankaj K. Jangra, Oxadiazole- A novel class of anticonvulsant agents, Der Chemica Sinica, 1(3), 118-123 (2010) @No $ @ @ Somani R.R.  and Shirodkar P.Y., Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of some 2,5-Disubstituted-1,3,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives, Asian J. Chem., 20(8), 6189 (2008) @No $ @ @ M. Vijey Aanandhi, Mohammed Hashim Mansoori, S. Shanmugapriya, Shiny George, P. Shanmuga Sundaram, Synthesis  and In-vitro antioxidant activity of substituted Pyridinyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives, Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences, 59, 223–233 (2009) @No $ @ @ Asif Husain and Mohammed Ajmal, Synthesis of novel 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives and their biological properties, , 223–233 (2009) @No $ @ @ Vijay V. Dabholkar and Nitin V. Bhusari, Synthesis of 2-Substituted-1,3,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives, International Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Pharmaceutical Research, 2(1), 1-4 (2011) @No $ @ @ Ajaykumar Thankakan Vimala, Jesindha Beyatricks, 5-(2-Aminophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-Thione Derivatives: Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Evaluation, 6(1), 015 (2011) @No $ @ @ S. Kumar, Synthesis and biological activity of 5-substituted-2-amino-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives, Turk. J. Chem., 35, 99-108 (2011) @No $ @ @ Glory Mathew, R. Krishnan, Molly Antony and M.S. Suseelan, Synthesis, Spectral Characterization and Biocidal Studies of Copper(II) Complexes of Chromen-2-one-3-carboxy Hydrazide and 2-(Chromen-3'-onyl)-5-(aryl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole Derivatives, E-Journal of Chemistry, 8(3), 1346-1354 (2011) @No $ @ @ Hemavathi S.N., Vishukumar B.K.  and Lokanatharai K.M., Synthesis And Biological Screening of Some New 2,5-Disubstituted 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles, Int. J. Pharm. Pharm Sci., 3(4), 110-114 (2011) @No $ @ @ Palak K. Parikh, Hiren M, Marvaniya and Dhrubo Jyoti Sen, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives as Potential Antibacterial and Antifungal Agents, International Journal of Drug Development and Research, 3(2), 111-117(2011) @No $ @ @ Arun K. Wahi and Arti Singh, Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of some oxadiazole substituted triazole derivative, Der Chemica Sinica, 2(3), 11-19 (2011) @No $ @ @ Shridhar A.H., Keshavayya J.  and Joy Hoskeri H., Synthesis, characterization and pharmacological studies of novel bis-1,3,4-oxadiazole and 1,2,4-triazole derivatives, Der Chemica Sinica, 2(4), 106-114 (2011) @No $ @ @ Bhardwaj Sudhir, Parashar Bharat, Parashar Narendra and Sharma V.K., Microwave assisted synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of some 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives, Scholars Research Library, Archives of Applied Science Research, 3(2), 558-567 (2011) @No $ @ @ Mudasir R. 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