@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Effect of Metal Ion Concentration on the Biosorption of Al3  and Cr6  by Almond Tree (Terminalia catappa L.) Leaves<#LINE#>EdithA.@Enemose,S.A.@Osakwe,@Horsfall,Michael@Jnr.<#LINE#>1-6<#LINE#>1.ISCA-RJCS-2012-007.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Chemistry, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, NIGERIA @ Department of Chemistry, University of Portharcourt, River State, NIGERIA<#LINE#>20/1/2012<#LINE#>25/6/2012<#LINE#>The influence of initial metal ion concentration of the batch sorption of Al3+ and Cr6+ onto a low-cost biosorbent was investigated. The experimental results were analysed in terms of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. According to the evaluation using Langmuir equation, the monolayer sorption capacity obtained were 1.12mg/g and 2.67mg/g for Al3+ and Cr6+ respectively. The data further showed that sorption of the two metals onto the biomass increased with increase in initial metal ion concentration. The thermodynamic assessment of the metal ion – almond tree (Terminalia catappa L. biomass system indicates the feasibility and spontaneous nature of the process.  was evaluated as ranging from -4.56 to – 6.64 KJ mol-1 and –4.03 to -6.10 KJ mol-1 for Al3+ and Cr6+ sorption respectively. The order of magnitude of the  values indicates an ion exchange physiosorption process. <#LINE#> @ @ Kratochivi D. and Volesky B., Wat. Res., 32, 2760 (1998) @No $ @ @ Viraragharan T. and Rao G.A.K., Adsorption of Cadmium and Chromium from wastewater by Flyash, J. Environ. Sci. Health, 26, 721-753 (1991) @No $ @ @ Vinod V.P. and Antrudhan T.S., Sorption of Tanic acid on zirconium pillared clay, J.Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 77, 92-101 (2001) @No $ @ @ Quek S.Y., Wase D.A.J. and Forster C.F., The use of Sago waste for the sorption of lead and copper, Water S.A., 24(3), 251-256 (1998) @No $ @ @ Abia A.A., Horsfall M. Jnr. and Didi O., The use of chemically modified and unmodified cassava waste for the removal of Cd, Cu and Zn ions from aqueous solution, Bioresource Technology, 90(3), 345-348 (2003) @No $ @ @ Low K.S., Lee C.K. and Leo A.C., Removal of metals from electroplating wastes using banana pith, Bioresource Technology, 51(2-3), 227-231 (1995) @No $ @ @ Gardea-Torresdey J.L., Gonzalez J.H., Tiemann K.J., Rodriguez O. and Gamez G., Phytofiltration of hazardous cadmium, chromium, lead and zinc ions by biomass of Medicago sativa (Alfalfa), Journal of Hazardous Materials, 57(1-3),  29-39 (1998) @No $ @ @ Ho Y.S., John Wase D.A. and Forster C.F., Batch nickel removal from aqueous solution by Spagnum Moss Peat,Water Research, 29(5), 1327-1332 (1995) @No $ @ @ Okiemen F.E., Maya A.O. and Oriakhi C.O., Sorption of Cadmium, Lead and Zinc ions on sulphur-containing chemically modified cellulosic materials, Int. J. Environ. anal Chem.,32, 23-7 (1987) @No
<#LINE#>Effect of Cassava Processing Mill Effluent on Physical and Chemical Properties of soils in Abraka and Environs, Delta State, Nigeria<#LINE#>S.A.@Osakwe<#LINE#>7-13<#LINE#>2.ISCA-RJCS-2012-127.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, Delta State of University, Abraka Delta, State, NIGERIA<#LINE#>24/5/2012<#LINE#>24/8/2012<#LINE#>Selected heavy metals and physicochemical characteristics of the soils around some cassava processing mills in Abraka and its environs in Delta State, Nigeria, were analysed in order to assess the impact of the cassava mill effluent on the soils. The results of the physicochemical analysis showed overall decrease in pH values and corresponding increase in the other parameters. The pH values indicated that the soils were acidic which suggests that the effluents imparted acidic property on the soils. The elevated levels of Total Organic Carbon and Total Nitrogen are suggestive of increased organic matter and microbial activities in the effluent residues. Electrical conductivity values indicate presence of dissolved inorganic salts while the phosphorus values confirm the rich source of phosphorus in cassava tuber. The result of heavy metal analysis shows elevated levels of heavy metals in the soil receiving cassava mill effluent. The relative potential index and enrichment coefficient values of the metals in the soils coupled with the observed physicochemical characteristics revealed that there are some levels of heavy metal enrichment, contamination and bioavailability in the soils studied. <#LINE#> @ @ Opeolu B.O., Bamgbose O., Arowolo T.A. and Adetunji M.T., Sorption of lead (ii) from aqucous solulions using chemically modified and unmodified Discorea alata (Yam) and Manchot esculenta (cassava) peel, J. Chem. Soc. Nig, 33(2), 1-10 (2008) @No $ @ @ Cossica E.S., Tavares C.R.G. and Ravagnani T.M.K., Bisorphon of hromium (iii) by Sargassium SP Biomas, Elect. J. 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Determinalion of Total organic and available forms of phosphorus in soils, Soil Sci.,59, 30-45 (1945) @No $ @ @ Bremner J.M., Total nitrogen. In: Black C.A. (ed) Methods of soil analysis part 2, Agron., , 149-178 (1945) @No $ @ @ Chopra G. and Kanzar C., Analytical Agricultural Chemistry, 2nd Edition Prentice- Hall, India (1988) @No $ @ @ Rashad M. and Shalaby F.A., Dispersion and deposition of heavy metals around municipal solid waste (MSW) dumpsites, Alexandria, Egypt. American-Eurasian, J. Agric. Environ.  Sci., 2(3), 204-212 (2007) @No $ @ @ Oviasogie P.O. and Ofomaja A., Available Mn, Zn, Fe, Pb and Physicochemical changes associated with soil receiving cassava mill effluent, J.  Chem Soci. Nig.,31(1)69-73 (2007) @No $ @ @ Ano A.O., Odomelam S.A. and Ekwueme P.O., Lead and cadmium levels in soils and cassava (manihot esculenta grantz) along. Enugu- Port Harcourt Express Way in Nigeria, Elect. J. Environ. Agric. Food Chem.,6(5), 2024-2031 (2007) @No $ @ @ Amusan A.A., Ige D.V. and Olawale R., Characteristics of soils and crops uptake of metals in municipal waste dumpsites in Nigeria, J. Hum. Ecol.,17(3), 167-171 (2005) @No $ @ @ Bamgbose O., Opeolu B.O., Odukoya O.O., Bamgbose J.T. and Olatunde G.O., Physicochemical characterization of leachates generated from simulated leaching of refuse from selected waste dumps in Abeokuta City, Nigeria, J. Chem. Soc. Nig., 22(1), 117-125 (2007) @No $ @ @ Oviasogie P.O. and Omoruyi E., Levels of heavy metals and physicochemical properties of soil in a foam manufacturing Industry, J. Chem. Soc. Nig.,32(1), 102-106 (2007) @No $ @ @ Tukura B.W., Kagbu J.A and Gimba G.E., Effects of pH and Totla Organic Carbon (TOC) on distribution of trace metals in Kubanni dam sediments, Zaria, Nigeria, Sci. World J.,2(3), 1-6 (2007) @No $ @ @ Yun O., Simulating dynamic load of naturally occurring Total Organic Caron (TOC) from watershed, Water Res., 37, 823-832 (2003) @No $ @ @ Lopez-Sanchez J.F., Sahuqullo A., Fielder H.D., Rubio R., Rauret G., Muntau H., Marin P. Valladon B.M., Polve M. and Monaco A., Anal. Chem. Acta,342, 91 (1997) @No $ @ @ Osemwota O.I., Effect of abattoir effluent on the physical and chemical properties of soils, Environ. Monit. Assess., 1058-1064 (2009) @No $ @ @ Iwegbue C.M.A., Isirimah N.O. C. and William E.S., Characteristic levels of heavys metals in soil profiles of automobile mechanic wastedumps in Nigeria, Environmentalist, 26, 131–137 (2006) @No $ @ @ Odu C.T.I., Esuruoso O.F., Nwoboshi I.C. and Ogunwalu J.A., Environmental Agip Oil Company Operation Area, A report submitted to Nigeria Agip Oil Company, Ltd., Lagos, Nigeria (1985) @No $ @ @ Jung G.B., Kim W.I., Moon K.K. and Ryu I.S., Fractionation and availability of heavy metals in paddy soils near abandoned mining areas (Korea), Journ. Enor. Agric., 19(4), 319-323 (2002) @No $ @ @ Aluko O.O. and Oluwande P.A., Characterization of leachates from a municipal solid waste land fill site in Ibadan, Nigeria, J. Environ. Health Rese., 2, 83-84 (2003) @No $ @ @ Eddy N.O., Ndibuke M.O. and Ndibuke E.O., Heavy metals in sediments from Cross River at Oron, African J. Environ. Pollut. Health,  25-29 (2003) @No $ @ @ Levy D.B., Barbarick E.G., Siemer E.G. and Sommers L.E., Distribution and partitioning of trace metals in contaminated soils near Leadville Colorado, J. Environ. Qual.,21, 185-195 (1992) @No $ @ @ Adriano D.C., Traceelements in terrestrial environment (2nd edition) Springer-Verlay Company, New York (2001) @No $ @ @ Alloway B.J., Heavy metals in soils. Blackie and Son Publishers, Glasgow, 2nd Edition 158 (1990) @No $ @ @ Kakulu S.E., Heavy metals in Niger Delta: Impact of the Petroleum Industry on the baseline levels Ph.D.Thesis,Department of Chemistry, and University of Ibadan, Nigeria (1985) @No $ @ @ Omgbu J.A and Kokogho M.A., Determination of Zn, Pb, Cu and Hg in soils of Ekpan Nigeria, Environ. Inter., 19, 11-13 (1990) @No $ @ @ Pizl V. and Josens G., Earthworm Communities along a gradient of urbanization, Environ. Pollut., 90(1), 7-14(1995) @No $ @ @ Osakwe S.A., Distribution of heavy metals in soils around automobile dumpsites in Agbor and its environs, Delta State, Nigeria, J. Chem. Soci. Nigeria,35(1), 53-60 (2010) @No $ @ @ Egharevba F. and Odjada V., The pollution Potential and Chemical interaction parameter of some agro and industrial wastes on soils, Nigeria, J. Basic Applied Sci.,11, 177-188 (2002) @No $ @ @ Assah V.A., Abimbola A.F. and Such C.E., Heavy metal concentrations and distribution of surface soils of the Bassa Industrial Zone 1 Doula, Cameroon, Arabian J. Sci. Engin.,31(24) 147-158 (2005) @No $ @ @ Shegerian S.J., Electronic Waste-more meaning than you think, Los Angeles Bus. J., 1-2 (2006) @No $ @ @ Iwegbue C.M.A., Metal fractionation in Soil profiles at automobile mechanic waste dumps, Waste Manage. Res.,25, 1-9 (2007) @No
<#LINE#>Phytochemical Analysis of Stylosanthes fruticosa using UV-VIS, FTIR and GC-MS<#LINE#>T.Antony@Sandosh,M.PaulJohn@Peter,Raj@J.Yesu<#LINE#>14-23<#LINE#>3.ISCA-RJCS-2012-193.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph’s college, Cuddalore, Tamilnadu, INDIA @ Department of chemistry, St. Joseph’s College, Thiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, INDIA <#LINE#>17/8/2012<#LINE#>3/10/2012<#LINE#>The present study was carried out to characterize the bioactive constituents present in different leaf extracts of Stylosanthes fruticosa using UV-VIS, FTIR and GC-MS. The crude extracts were scanned in the wavelength ranging from 200-1100nm by using Perkin Elmer spectrophotometer and the characteristic peaks were detected. For GC-MS analysis,10 g sample is extracted with 30 ml ethanol, filtered in ash less filter paper with 2 g sodium sulphate and the extract is concentrated to 1 ml by bubbling nitrogen into the solution. The compound detection employed the NIST Ver.2.0 Year 2005 library. The biological activities are based on Dr. Duke’s phytochemical and ethnobotanical Databases by Dr. Jim Duke of the Agricultural Research Service/USDA. The UV-VIS profile showed different peaks ranging from 400-700 nm with different absorption respectively. The FTIR spectrum confirmed the presence of secondary alcohols, phenols, alkanes, alkenes, carboxylic acids, aromatics, nitro compounds and amines in different extracts. The results of the GC-MS analysis provide different peaks determining the presence of 21 phytochemical compounds with different therapeutic activities. The major phyto constituents were Trans-5-Hexyl-1,4-dioxane-2-carboxylic acid (9.26%), dodecadienoic acid, Methy-ester(6.58%)  and Nonanoic acid Methyl ester (6.58%). Hence, this study offers base of using as herbal alternative for the synthesis of antimicrobial agents. <#LINE#> @ @ Garro L.C., Intercultural variation folk medicinal knowledge: A comparison between curers and noncurers, American anthropologist, 88, 351370 (1986) @No $ @ @ Parekh J. and Chanda V., In vitro Antimicrobial activity and Phytochemical analysis of some Indian medicinal plants, Turkish J. Biol.,31, 5358 (2007) @No $ @ @ Eisenhauer N., Klier M., Partsch S., Sabais A.C.W., Scherber C., Weisser W. and Scheu S., No interactive effects of pesticides and plant diversity on soil microbial biomass and respiration, Appl. Soil Ecol., 42, 3136 (2009) @No $ @ @ Uzer A., Ercag E. and Apak R., Selective spectrophotometric determination of TNT in soil and water with dicyclohexylamine extraction, Anal.Chim.Acta,534, 307317 (2005) @No $ @ @ Pico Y. and Kozmutza C., Evaluation of pesticide residue in grape juices and the effect of natural antioxidants on their degradation rate, Anal.Bioanal.Chem.,389, 18051814 (2007) @No $ @ @ Khalaf N.A., Shakya A.K., Al-othman A., Ahbar Z. and Farah H., Antioxdidant activity of some common plants, Turk. J. Biol., 31, 1-5 (2007) @No $ @ @ Nair R. and Chanda S., Activity of some medicinal plants against certain pathogenic bacterial strains, Indian J. Pharmacol., 38, 142-144 (2006) @No $ @ @ Nascimento G.G.F., Locatelli J., Freitas P.C. and Silva G.L., Antibacterial activity of plant extracts and phytochemicals on antibiotic-resistant bacteria, Braz. J. 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<#LINE#>Callophyllum Inophyllum Linn (“honne”) Oil, A source for Biodiesel Production<#LINE#>S.B.@Chavan,R.R.@Kumbhar,R.B.@Deshmukh<#LINE#>24-31<#LINE#>4.ISCA-RJCS-2013-068.pdf<#LINE#>Bhagwant University, Ajmer, Rajasthan, INDIA @ Rajashri Chhatrapati Shau College, Kolhapur, Dist- Kolhapur, MS, INDIA @ Shardabai Pawar Mahila College, Shardanagar, Dist – Pune, MS, INDIA<#LINE#>1/5/2013<#LINE#>20/8/2013<#LINE#> An increasing demand of fossil fuels has being a critical problem for us. The natural resources of fossill fuel are dwindling day by day. Biodiesel that may called natural fuel may be a good source or substitute for fossil fuel in  future. Biodiesel can be produced from non edible oil like Jatropha curcus, pongamia pinnata, Madhuca indica, Gossypium arboreum, Simarouba glauca etc. and more. There is a best source as a raw material that is Calophyllum inophyllum (honne) oil for biodiesel production. As it is an evergreen tree and grows along the coastal area. Our study is focused on the collection of seeds and oil extraction then proceed for biodiesel production with molar ratio 8:1,  KOH were 1.2wt%, tempreture 65c, reaction time 90minutes were used and testing of parameters as per ASTM 6751 standards. The physical properties like acid value, density, Calorific value, Flash point, Fire point and Moisture, Viscosity shows of calophyllum methyl esters were0.702,892gm/cc, 37.18MJ/Kg, 176c, 182c and 0.01% . The physico-chemical parameters showed that Calophyllum may works as a sustainable feedstock for biodiesel production that is equivalent to fissile fuel as per ASTM 6751.  <#LINE#> @ @ Zaltica J.P., Fuel, 87, 3522 (2008) @No $ @ @ Felizardo P., Neiva Correia M.J., Raposo I., Mendes J.F., Berkemeier R. and Bordado J.M., Waste Manage, 87, 26 (2004) @No $ @ @ Bobade S.N. and Khyade V.B., Preparation of Methyl Ester (Biodiesel) from Karanja (Pongamia Pinnata)Oil, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 2(8), 43-50 (2012) @No $ @ @ Bobade S.N., Kumbhar R.R. and Khyade V.B., Preparation of Methyl Ester (Biodiesel) from Jatropha Curcus Linn Oil, Res. J. A. F. Sci., 1(2), 12-19 (2013) @No $ @ @ Puhan S., Vedraman N., Rambrahaman B.V. and Nagrajan G., Mahua (Madhuca indica) seed oil: A source of renewable energy in India, J. Sci.Ind. Res.,64, 890-896 (2004) @No $ @ @ Deshpande D.P., Urunkar Y.D. and Thakare P.D., Production of biodiesel from castor oil using acid and base catalysts, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 2(8), 51-56 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mishra S.R., Mohanty M.K., Das S.P. and Pattanaik A.K., Production of biodiesel (Methyl Ester) from Simarouba Gauca oil, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 2(5), 66-71 (2012) @No $ @ @ El-Mashad H.M., Zhang R. and Roberto J.A., Biomass Engineering, 99, 220, (2008) @No $ @ @ Kadambi K., The silviculture of Calophyllum inophyllum Linn, Indian For., 83,559-562 (1957) @No $ @ @ National Council of Applied Economic Research (1965) @No $ @ @  Venkanna B.K., Venkataramana Reddy, Biodiesel production and optimization from Calophyllum (hanne oil)- A three stage method., Biosource Tech., 100, 5122-5125 (2009) @No $ @ @ Adeyeye A., Stdies on seed oils of Garcinia kola and Calophyllum inophyllum, Journal of Science of food and Agricultre 57, 441-442 (1991) @No $ @ @ Hemavathy J. and Prabhakar J.V., Lipid composition of calophyllum inophyllum in kernel. Journal of Americal Oil Chem. Soc. 67(12), 955-957 (1990) @No $ @ @ Kadambi K., The silviculture of Calophyllum inophyllum Linn, Indian For., 83, 559-562 (1957) @No $ @ @ Mueller-Dombois D., Fosberg F.R, Vegetation of the Tropical Pacific Island, Springer-Verlag, New York (1998) @No $ @ @ Little E.L. Jr. and Skolmen R.G, Common forest trees of Hawaii (Native and Introduced) Agricultureal Handbook No 679. USDA Forest service, (1989) @No $ @ @ Uphof J.C., Directory of economic Plants, Verlag von, J. Cramer, Lehre, Gremany (1968) @No $ @ @ Arora R.B., Mathur C.N. and Seth S.D., Calophylloide, a complex coumarin anticoagulant from Calophyllum inophyllum linn, Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 14, 534 (1962) @No $ @ @ Sundaram B.M., Gopalkrishnan C, and Subramanian S., Antibacterial acitivity of xanthones from calophyllum inophyllum linn., Arogya journal of health science, 12,48-49, (1986) @No $ @ @ Petard P., Tahiti-Palynesian medicinal plants and Tahitian remedies, Noumea, New Caledonia, South Pacific Commission, (1972) @No $ @ @ Bhalla T.N., Saxena R.C., Nigam S.K., Kisra G. and Bhargava K.P., Calophylloide, a new nonsteriodal anti-inflametory agent, Indian J. Med. Res., 72, 762-5 (1980) @No $ @ @ Nandkarni K.M., Nandkarni A.K., Indian material Medica- with Aurvedic, Unani-Tibbi, Siddha, Allapathic, Homeopathic, Naturopathic and Home Remedies. , Popular Prakashan Private Ltd, Bombay, India (1999) @No $ @ @ Givindchari T.R., Viswanathan N., Pai B.R., Rao R. and Srinivasan M., Triterpenses of calophyllum inophyllum linn, Tetrahedron, 23(4), 1901-1910, ISSN 0040-4020 (1967) @No $ @ @ Bryan R.M., Biodiesel production, properties and feedstocks:Invited review, In vitro cell Div. Biol. Plant, 45, 229-226 @No $ @ @ Sanz S., Nogh G.C., Rozita Y, An overview on Transesterification of natural oils and fats, Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, 15, 891-904 (2010) @No $ @ @ Gerpen J.V., Biodiesel production and fuel quality University of Idaho, Moscow,1-12, (2003) @No $ @ @ Tapasvi D., Wisenborn D., Gustafson C., Process model for biodiesel production from various feedstocks, Trans, ASAE, 48 (6), 2215-2221, (2005) @No $ @ @ Keim G.I. and Newark J.N.,Treating the fats and fatty oils, US patents No- 2383601 (1945) @No $ @ @ Varde K.S., Bulk modulus of vegetable oil-diesel fuel blends, 63,713-5, (1984) @No $ @ @ Rakopoulos C.D., Antonopoulos K.A., Rakopoulos D. C., Comparative performance and emissions study of a direct injection diesel engine using blends of diesel fuel with vegetable oils or bio-diesel of various origins, Energy Conversion and Management, 47, 3272-3287, (2006) @No $ @ @ Kamimoto T, Matsuoka S., Prediction of spray evaporation in receiprocating engine, SAE, (1977) @No $ @ @ Trembly A.Y., Cao P., Dube M.A., ‘Biodiesel production using ultra low catalyst concentrations, Energy and Fuels22) 2748-2755 (2008) @No
<#LINE#>Preparation and Characterization of Mn doped NiCuZn Ferrite<#LINE#>B.D.@Ingale,M.A.@Barote<#LINE#>32-35<#LINE#>5.ISCA-RJCS-2013-122.pdf<#LINE#>Azad College, Ausa, Dist Latur, MS-413520 INDIA<#LINE#>18/7/2013<#LINE#>20/9/2013<#LINE#>The ferrite composition [Ni0.25-xMn.xCu.2Zn0.55] Fe with values x= 0.00, 0.05, 0.1 were synthesized by auto combustion method. XRD analysis of prepared ferrite powder shows the cubic spinal structure. The crystallite size of prepared ferrite is varied from 22.3 to 39.3 nm the resultant powder were calcined at 650 0C/2hr and the pressed ferrite were sintered at 950 C/4hr the initial permeability, dc resistivity were measured with frequency range 100Hz to 5MHz. The permeability is found to be increase up to x=0.1 and dc resistivity was decreased with Mn Substitution. The very high permeability in the composition x=0.1 was due to better densification and lower magnitostriction constant. The lattice parameter are also slightly increases from x=0 to=0.1. The composition is better than the NiCuZn based material. It is useful for Multilayer chip inductor. <#LINE#> @ @ Nakamura T., J. Magn.Magn.Mater., 168,  285 (1997) @No $ @ @ Fujimoto M., J. Am Ceram.Soc., 77(11), 2873 (1994) @No $ @ @ Ayoma T., Hirota K. and Yamguchi O., J Am ceram.Soc., 79(10), 2792 (1996) @No $ @ @ Dione G.F. and West R.G., J.App.phys., 81(8) 4794 (1997) @No $ @ @ Wang S.F., Wang Y.R., Thomas C.K., Yang P.J., Wang C.A., Lu, J.Magn. Mater, 217 (2000) @No $ @ @ Magn.Mater. 251 (2002) @No $ @ @ 316-322Xi-Wei Qi, Ji Zhou, Zhenxing Yue, Zhi-Lun Gui. Long-Tu Li,J. Magn. (2002) @No $ @ @ Ranga Mohan G., Ravinder D., Raman Reddy A.V., Boyanov B.S., mater.Lett.,40, 39 (1999) @No $ @ @ Snelling E.C., Soft Ferrite, 2nd ed. Butterworths, London (1988) @No $ @ @ Rosales M.I., Cuautle M.P. and Castano V.M., J. Mat.Sci.,33, 3665.3669 (1998) @No $ @ @ Zhen-Xing Yue, Ji Zhou, Long – Tu Li, Xia ohui wang. Zhilum Gui, Mater. Sci. Eng., B 86, 64-69 (2001) @No $ @ @ ElHiti M.A., J. Magn.Magn. Mater., 136, 138 (1994) @No $ @ @ Parvatheeswara Rao B. and Rao K.H., J. Mater.Sci., 32, 6049 (1997) @No $ @ @ Liu D.M., J.M ater.Sci., 29, 1507 (1994) @No $ @ @ Valenzulla R., magnetic ceramics, Cambridge,  (1994) @No $ @ @ Watawe  S.C., Sarwade B.D.,  Bellad S.S., Sutar B.D. and Chagula B.K., J. magn.magn mater., 214, 55 (2000) @No
<#LINE#>Synthesis, Spectral and Thermal degradation Kinetics studies of Benzimidazole substituted Metal phthalocyanine through oxadiazole Bridge (M=Co,Ni,Cu)<#LINE#>RajeshN.@Tantry,Keshavayya@Jathi,Harish@M.N.K.,AliR@AngadiShoukat,KeerthiKumarT.@Chinnagiri<#LINE#>36-46<#LINE#>6.ISCA-RJCS-2013-139.pdf<#LINE#>Dept. of Studies and Research in Chemistry, Kuvempu University, Janna Sahyadri, Shankaragatta-577451, Shimoga District, Karnataka, INDIA<#LINE#>12/8/2013<#LINE#>26/10/2013<#LINE#>In this study, new type of benzimidazole substituted metal Phthalocyanine complexes connected by oxadiazole bridge were prepared by the acid catalysed melt condensation of hydrazides with tetracarboxy metal Phthalocyanine in the presence of PPA. Which in turn, tetracarboxy metal Phthalocyanines and 2-(2-substituted-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetohydrazide were synthesized by suitable modification of reported procedure. Novel dark green coloured 1,8,15,22-Tetra-[1-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-ylmethyl)-1H-benzimidazole] M(II) Phthalocyanine (M=Co,Cu,Ni) were characterized by elemental analysis, UV-Vis and IR-Spectroscopic techniques. Thermal stability of newly synthesized phthalocyanine complexes were investigated by means of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). On basis of the TGA data, the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters such as activation energy (Ea),order of reaction (n), entropy change (S), free energy (G), enthalpy (H) and frequency factor (A) were calculated using Broido’s method. <#LINE#> @ @ Dent C.E., linstead R.P. and Lowe A.R., Phthalocyanines, Part VI, The structure of the phthalocyanines, J. Am.Chem.Soc, , 1033-1039 (1934) @No $ @ @ Myers J.F., Rayner Canham G.W. and Lever A.B.P., Higher oxidation level phthalocyanine complexes of chromium, iron, cobalt and zinc. Phthalocyanine radical species, Inorg. Chem., 14, 461 (1975) @No $ @ @ Moser F.M. and Tomas A.L., The  Phthalocyanines,  CRC,  Press,  Bocaraton,  FL,  (1983) @No $ @ @ McKeown N.B.,  Phthalocyanine  Materials:  Synthesis  and  Structure  and  Function,  Cambridge  University  Press,  (1998) @No $ @ @ Walter M.G., Rudine A.B. and Wamser C.C., Porphyrins and phthalocyanines in solarphotovoltaic cells, J. Porhp.Phtha., 14, 759–792 (2010) @No $ @ @ Loi M.A., Neugebauer H., Denk P., Brabec C.J., Sariciftci N.S., Gouloumis A., Vázquez P. and   Torres T.,  Long-lived  photoinduced  charge  separation  for  solar  cellapplications  in  phthalocyanine–fulleropyrrolidine  dyad  thin  films,  J. Mater. Chem., 13, 700–704 (2003) @No $ @ @ Kadish K.,  Smith K.M., Guilard R. (Eds.),  The  Porphyrin  Handbook,  Academic  Press,  Boston,15–20 (2003) @No $ @ @ Guillaud G., Simon J. and Germain J.P., MetallophthalocyaninesGas sensors, resistors and field eVect transistors, Coord. Chem. Rev., 178, 1433 (1998) @No $ @ @ Cook M.J., Dunn A.J., Daniel F.M., Hart R.C.O., Richardson R.M., Roser S.J., Fabrication  of ordered  Langmuir–Blodgett  multilayers  of  octa-n-alkoxy phthalocyanines,  Thin  Solid  Films, 159,  395–404 (1988) @No $ @ @ Duro J.A., G. De la Torre, Barberá J., Serrano J.L. and Torres T., Synthesis and Liquid-Crystal Behavior of Metal-Free and Metal-Containing Phthalocyanines Substituted with Long-Chain Amide Groups, Chem. Mater., 8, 1061 (1996) @No $ @ @ De la Torre G., Torres T. and Lopez F.A., The phthalocyanine approach to second harmonic generation, Adv. Mater., , 265 (1997) @No $ @ @ Van Lier J.E., D. Kessel (Ed.), Photodynamic Therapy of Neoplastic Diseases, vol. 1, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 279–290 (1990) @No $ @ @ Ümit Salan, Nagao Kobayashi, ÖzerBekarolu, Effect of peripheral substitution on the electronic absorption and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectra of metal-free azo-coupled bisphthalocyanine, Tetrahedron Lett., 50(49),6775-6778 (2009) @No $ @ @ Fasiulla K.R.  Reddy Venugopala, Keshavayya J., Moinuddin Khan M.H. Anitha and Vittala Rao Synthesis, Structural Investigations and Antifungal Studies on Symmetrically Substituted Metal (II) Octa-1- (3-chlorophenyl) Methanimine Phthalocyanine, Res. J. of Chem. Sci. 1(9), 29-36 (2011) @No $ @ @ Rashidi N.A. and Berad B.N., Synthesis of some Novel 1,3,4-Oxadiazole derivatives, Res. J. of Chem. Sci., 2(ISC-2012) @No $ @ @ , 10-12 (2013) @No $ @ @ Jain N.C., Pilgrimage of Phthalocyanine Macromolecule Phthalocyanine Dyes (Part-II), Res. J. Chem. Sci., 2(1), 1-6 (2012) @No $ @ @ Venugopala Reddy K.R., Keshavayya J., Kumara Swamy B.E., Harish M.N.K., Mallikarjuna H.R. and Sherigara B.S., Spectral and electrochemical investigation of octanitro substituted metal phthalocyanines, Dyes Pigments, 80, 1-5 (2009) @No $ @ @ Jones G., Jackson W.R., Choi C. and  Bergmark W.R.,  Solvent  effects  on  emission yield  and  lifetime  for  coumarin  laser  dyes, Requirements for a rotatory decay mechanism, J.  Phys.  Chem., 89, 294–300 (1985) @No $ @ @ Jiang C., Yang W., Peng J., Xiao S. and Cao Y. HighEfficiency, Saturated Red-Phosphorescent Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Conjugated and Non-Conjugated Polymers Doped with an Ir Complex, Advanced Mater.,16, 537 (2004) @No $ @ @ Tokito S., Suzuki M., Sato F., Kamachi M. and Shirane K., High-efficiency phosphorescent polymer light-emitting devices, Organic Electronics, , 105 (2003) @No $ @ @ Risko C., Zojer E., Brocorens P., Marder S.R. and Bredas J.L., Bis-aryl substituted dioxaborines as electron-transport materials: a comparative density functional theory investigation with oxadiazoles and siloles, Chem. Phys., 313, 151 (2005) @No $ @ @ Janietz S., Anlauf S. and Wedel A., A New Class of Organosoluble Rigid-Rod, Fully Aromatic Poly (1,3,4-oxadiazole)s and Their Solid-State Properties, 2, Solid-State Properties, Macromol. Chem. Phys., 203, 433 (2002) @No $ @ @ Zhan X., Liu Y., Wu X., Wang S. and Zhu D., New Series of Blue-Emitting and Electron-Transporting Copolymers Based on Fluorene, Macromolecules, 35, 2529 (2002) @No $ @ @ Ichikawa M., Kawaguchi T., Kobayashi K., Miki T., Furukawa K., Koyama T. and Taniguchi Y. Bipyridyloxadiazoles as efficient and durable electron-transporting and hole-blocking molecular materials,J. Mater.Chem.,16, 221 (2006) @No $ @ @ Zhang Y.D., Jespersen K.G., Kempe M., Kornfield J.A., Barlow S., Kippelen B. and Marder S.R., Columnar Discotic Liquid-Crystalline Oxadiazoles as ElectronTransport Materials, Langmuir, 19, 6534 (2003) @No $ @ @ Harish M.N.K., Keshavayya J., Venugopala Reddy K.R., Mallikarjuna H.R., Shoukat Ali R.A. and Rajesh T., Decorating nickel phthalocyanine periphery by aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazole pendants: synthesis, characterization, and conductivity studies, J. Coor. Chem., 63, 4050 (2010) @No $ @ @ Chen S., Liu Y., Xu Y., Sun Y., Qiu W., Sun X. and Zhu D., Langmuir–Blodgett film of new phthalocyanine containing oxadiazol groups and its application in field-effect transistor, Synthetic Mat., 156, 1236 (2006) @No $ @ @ Harish M.N.K., Keshavayya J., Venugopala Reddy K.R., Mallikarjuna H.R., Designing nickel phthalocyanine periphery by alkyl chain via [1,3,4]-oxadiazole,  J. Coor. Chem., 64, 2075-2087 (2011) @No $ @ @ Song X., She Y., Ji H. and Zhang Y., Highly Efficient, Mild, Bromide-Free and Acetic Acid-Free Dioxygen Oxidation of -Nitrotoluene to -Nitrobenzoic Acid with Metal Phthalocyanine Catalysts, Org. Process Res. Dev., , 297 (2005) @No $ @ @ Ansari K.F. and Lal C., Synthesis, physicochemical properties and antimicrobial activity of some new benzimidazole derivatives, Eur. J. Med. Chem., 44, 4028-4033 (2009) @No $ @ @ Fasiulla M.H., Moinuddin Khan, Harish M.N.K., Keshavayya J. and Venugopala Reddy K.R., Synthesis, spectral, magnetic and antifungal studies on symmetrically substituted metal(II) octaimino phthalocyanine pigments, Dyes Pigments, 76(2), 557-563 (2008) @No $ @ @ Venugopala Reddy K.R., Keshavayya J. and Seetharamappa J., Synthesis, spectral, magnetic and thermal studies on symmetrically substituted metal (II) 1,3,8,10,15,17,22,24-octachloro phthalocyanines, Dyes Pigments, 59(3), 237-244 (2003) @No $ @ @ Fasiulla, Venugopala Reddy K.R., Moinuddin Khan M.H. and Keshavayya J., Synthesis, Spectral, Magnetic Susceptibility and Antifungal Studies On Symmetrically Substituted Metal (II) Octafurylmethanimine Phthalocyanine, Der.Pharma. Chemica., 3(2), 392-403 (2011) @No
<#LINE#>Synthesis and Characterization of Homo and Hetero Dinuclear and Trinuclear Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes with 26-membered N4S4 Donor Macrocyclic Ligand<#LINE#>N.H.@Buttrus,Ahmed@S.A.,W.M.@Jameel<#LINE#>47-54<#LINE#>7.ISCA-RJCS-2013-145.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Mosul, IRAQ <#LINE#>21/8/2013<#LINE#>18/9/2013<#LINE#>Complexes of general formula [M(L)Cl], [MZnCl] and [M(L)Cl] Cl2 where M=Co(II),Ni(II),Cu(II) and Zn(II) and L=(N,N´-Bis [bis{(1,2-o-aminophenylthio)ethane}] 1-phenylbutan1,3-dilidene) were prepared from the reaction of macrocyclic ligand with the metal chloride in (1:2) and (1:3) ligand to metal molar ratio. The complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance measurements, spectral methods (I. R and electronic spectra), metal content and magnetic measurements.  The macrocyclic ligand has two different donating atom cavities with four azomethine group and with four sulfur atoms. All the complexes show magneticmoments corresponding to a high spin configuration except for zinc complexes.  On the basis of spectral and magnetic measuerements a four coordinated tetrahedral geometry may be assigned to these complexes.<#LINE#> @ @ Gwaran N.S., Ai, H. M, Khaledi H, Abdulla M. A., Hadi A.H., Lin T.K., Ching L.C.  and Ooi C.L., Antibacterial evaluation of some Schiff bases derived from 2-Acetylpyridine and their metal complexes, molecules, 17, 5952-5971 (2012) @No $ @ @ Morteza M., Reza M.S.A and Shiva J., Synthesis, Characterization and thermal behavior of some new mercury and cadmium halides coordination compounds of recently synthesized Schiff bases, Res. J. Chem. Sci,1(11), 9-15 (2012) @No $ @ @ Sheikh R. A,Shreaz S. , Khan L. A and Hashmi A. A. , Synthesis, characterization and antifungal activity of transition metal complex derived from a novel macrocyclic compartmental ligand, J. Chem. Pharma. Res, 2(3), 274-286 (2012) @No $ @ @ Biswas S., Yap G.P.A.  and Dey K., Reaction of diacetyl monoxime with morpholine N-thiohydrazide in the absence and in presence of a metal ion: Facile synthesis of thiadiazole derivative, Polyhedron, 28, 3094-3100 (2009) @No $ @ @ Usharani M., Akhila E.  and Rajavel R. , Synthesis and spectral investigations of binuclear Schiff base metal complexes derived from 1,5-diaminophthalate, J. Chem., Bio. and PhysicalSci.,2(2), 677-682 (2012) @No $ @ @ Khandar A.A., Cardin C., Yazdi S.A.H, McGrady J., Abedi M., Zarei S.A. and Gan Y., Nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes of Schiff bases ligands containing  and N donors with pyrrole terminal binding groups: Synthesis, characterization, X-ray structures, DFT and electrochemical studies, Inorg. Chim. Acta, 363, 4080-4087 (2010) @No $ @ @ Chandra S.  and Kumar R., Synthesis and spectral studies on mononuclear complexes of chromium(III) and manganese(II) with 12-membered tetradentate N, Nand N donor, Trans. Met. Chem., 29, 269-275 (2004) @No $ @ @ Patra A. , Sarkar S, Drew, M. G. B, Zangrando E. , and Chattopadhyay, Synthesis and crystal structure characterization of iron(II), cobalt(II) and nickel(II) complexes with 1,3-bis(2-pyridylmethylthio)propane, Polyhedron, 28, 1261-1264 (2009) @No $ @ @ Pfirrmann S., Limberg C.  and Hoppe E. , Iron and nickel complexes containing -diketiminato ligand with thioether tethers, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 633, 312-316 (2009) @No $ @ @ Rodriguez A, Pedrares A. S, Vazquez J. A. G.  and Romero J. , Electrochemical synthesis and characterization of zinc(II) complexes with pyrimidine-2-thionato ligands and their adducts with N,N-donors, Polyhedron, 28, 2240-2248 (2009) @No $ @ @ Amaladasan M. and Arockidoss P. V. , Preparation and properties of macrocyclic ligand and it is complexes derived from trimethoprim and diethyl phthalate, IJPSR, , , 1327-1330 (2012) @No $ @ @ Geary W. J. , The use of conductivity measurements in organic solvent for characterization of coordination compounds, Coord. Chem. Rev., , 81-122 (1971) @No $ @ @ Gupta Y.K, Agrawal S.C., Madnawar S.P.  and Narain R., Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial studies of some transition metal complexes of Schiff bases, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 2(4), 68-71 (2012) @No $ @ @ Chandhary R. and Shelly S., Synthesis, spectral and pharmacological study of Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II) coordination complexes, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(5), 1-5 (2011) @No $ @ @ Marinalini L.  and Singh A.K.M. , Mixed ligand cobalt(II) complexes with 1-amidino-o-methyl urea andamino acids Res. J. Chem. Sci,2(1), 45-49 (2012) @No $ @ @ Buttrus N.H.  and Saeed F.T., Synthesis and structural studies on some transition metal complexes of bis-(benzimidazole-2-thio)ethane, propane and butane ligands, Res. J. Chem. Sci,2(6), 43-49 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mostafa M., Metal chelates of hydrazine ligand chelating tendencies of 2-carboxyphenylhydrazo acetanilide ligand, Res. J. Chem. Sci,1(7), 1-4 (2011) @No $ @ @ Nassar A., Hassan A., Ahmed Y. and Elkmash A, Binuclear Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II)complexes with Schiff base 4,4(1,4-phenylene bis (azan-1-yl-1-ylidene)) bis (methan-1-yl-1,1-ylidene)-1,2-diol Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation, Inter. J. Pharm. Sci. , Res., 3(10), 3851-3860 (2012) @No $ @ @ Goodgame O., Goodgame M.  and Cotton F., Electronic spectra of some tetrahedral Ni(II) complexes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 83(20), 4161-4167 (1961) @No
<#LINE#>Diatoms Assemblages Distribution in Cauvery Rivers, Bhavani, Tamil Nadu, India in Relation to Chemical and Physiographical Factors<#LINE#>R.@Venkatachalapathy,P.@Karthikeyan<#LINE#>55-59<#LINE#>8.ISCA-RJCS-2013-153.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Geology, Periyar University, Salem-11, INDIA<#LINE#>9/9/2013<#LINE#>6/10/2013<#LINE#>The present study assesses the epilithic diatom communities in river in relation to environmental conditions. Epilithic diatoms and water samples were collected in 5 locations during summer season (May 2012).  Analysed data were interpreted and the results are represented. Two statistical methods were used in this study; Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and Principal component analysis (PCA) were used to determine the species distribution and environmental gradients along vary with physical and chemical variables. A total of 37 diatom species distributed among 17 genera were recorded. The significance of water quality difference among the sampling sites was expressed by four strastical methods. Highly polluted water contain diatom species like Pleurosigma salinarum, Nitzschia thermalis, Gomphonema parvulum, Gomponema lanceolatum, Fragilaria intermedia in the densely populated and highly industrialized locations and slightly polluted water present the diatom species like Achnanthes minutissiuma Kutz, Cyclotella catenata and Cymbella tumida among sampling sites. <#LINE#> @ @ Kelly M.G., Role of benthic diatoms in the implementation of the Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive in the River Wear, North-East England, Journal of Applied Phycology, 14, 9-18 (2002) @No $ @ @ Round F.E., Diatoms in river water-monitoring studies, Journal of Applied Phycology, 3, 129-145 (1991) @No $ @ @ Krecji M.E. and Lowe R.L., Importance of sand grain mineralogy and topography in determining micro-spatial distribution of episommic diatoms, Journal of north American Bethological Society, 5(1), 211-220 (1986) @No $ @ @ Kelly M.G. and Whitton B.A., The tropic diatom index: a new index for monitoring eutrophication in rivers, Journal of Applied Phycology, 7, 433-444 (1995) @No $ @ @ Whitton B.A. and Rott E., Use of Algae for Monitoring Rivers II, In Proc. II International Symposium, 17-19 September, Innsburck, 196 (1996) @No $ @ @ Stevenson R. and Pan Y., Assessing environmental conditions in rivers and streams with diatoms, In: The Diatoms: Applications for the Environmental and Earth Sciences. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, (eds Stoermer E.F. and Smol J.P., 11-40 (1999) @No $ @ @ Acs E., Szabo K., Kiss A.K., Toth B., Zaray G.Y. and Kiss K.T., Investigation of epilithic algae on the River Danube from Germany to Hungary and the effect of a very dry year on the algae of the River Danube, Arch. Hydrobiol. Suppl. Large Rivers, 16, 389-417 (2006) @No $ @ @ Mishra S.R., Saksena D.N., Phytoplanktonic composition of sewage polluted Morar (Kalpi) river in Gwalior, MP, Environment.Ecol,.11, 625-629 (1993) @No $ @ @ Trivedy R.K. and Khatavkar S.D., Phytoplankton Ecology of the River Krishna in Maharashtra with Reference to Bio indicators of Pollution, In: Assessment of Water Pollution, Mishra, S.R (Ed.), APH Publishing Corporation, New Delhi, 299-328 (1996) @No $ @ @ Winter Jennifer G. and Hamish C., Epilithic diatoms as indicators of stream total N and total P concentration, Journal of North American Benthological Society, 19(1), 32-49 (2000) @No $ @ @ Round, A Review and methods for the use of Epilthic Diatoms for Detecting and Monitoring Change in River Water Quality, HMSO Publisher, London, 63 (1993) @No $ @ @ Whitton B.A. and Kelly M.G., Use of algae and other plants for monitoring rivers, Aust. J. Ecol., 20, 45-56 (1995) @No $ @ @ Kelly M.G. and Whitton B.A., Biological monitoring of eutrophication in rivers, Hydrobiol, 384, 55-67 (1998) @No $ @ @ Venkatachalapathy R. and Karthikeyan  P., Environmental impact assessment of Cauvery River with diatoms at Bhavani, Tamil Nadu, India, International Journal of Geology, Earth and Environmental Sciences,2(3), 36-42 (2012) @No $ @ @ Venkatachalapathy R. and Karthikeyan P., Benthic Diatoms in River Influenced By Urban Pollution, Bhavani Region, Cauvery River, South India, International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE), 2(3), (2013) @No $ @ @ Krammer K.H. and Lange-Bertalot, Bacillariophyceae 3. Teil: Centrales, Fragilariaceae, Eunotiaceae, In Ettl, H., J. Gerloff, H. Heynig & D. Mollenhauer (eds), Sub-wasserflora von Mitteleuropa. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart: 1–576 (1991) @No $ @ @ WHO, Guideline for drinking water quality, Vol.2. Health criteria and other supporting information, WHO, Geneva, 973 (1996) @No $ @ @ Daskshine K.M.M. and Soni J.K., Diatom distribution and status of organic pollution in sewage drains. Hydroniologia, 87(3), 205-209 (1982) @No
<#LINE#>Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Degradation of Azure B: Measurement of Kinetic Parameters and Effluent Treatment using Solar Energy<#LINE#>Ankita@Vijay,Shamta@Nihalani,Inderjeet@Yadav,Shipra@Bhardwaj<#LINE#>60-65<#LINE#>9.ISCA-RJCS-2013-160.pdf<#LINE#>Government College, Kota, Rajasthan-324001, INDIA<#LINE#>13/10/2013<#LINE#>12/11/2013<#LINE#>The present work incorporates the study of efficiency of WO for photocatalytic degradation of Azure B dye. Effect of some factors such as catalyst dose, concentration of dye, intensity of light, pH etc., on degradation of the dye was examined. The experimental data prove that the reaction follows pseudo first order kinetics. Participation of OH* free radical is confirmed by scavenger studies. Optimum conditions (pH 7.8, dye concentration 5×10-6 moles/litre, semiconductor amount 0.12g, light intensity 37 mW/cm) were extracted by varying factors. Mineralization of dye produces harmless products.   <#LINE#> @ @ Vinodgopal K. and Kamat Prashant V., Enhanced rates of photocatalytic degradation of an azo dye using SnO/TiOcoupled semiconductor thin films, Environ. Sci. Technol., 29 (3), 841-845 (1995) @No $ @ @ Shan Zh., Wang W., Lin X., Ding H. and Huang F., Photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes on visible light responsive photocatalyst PbBiOBr, J. Solid State Chem., 181, 1361-1364 (2008) @No $ @ @ Wang C., Wang X , Xu B.Q., Zhao J., Mai B., Pen P., Sheng G. and Fu,  Enhanced photo catalytic performance of nano sized coupled ZnO/SnO photo catalysis for methyl orange degradation, J.Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., 168, 47-52 (2004) @No $ @ @ Shabudeen P.S.Syed, Study of removal of Malachite Green from aqueous solution by using solid agriculture waste, Res.J.chem.sci., 1(1), 88-104(2011) @No $ @ @  Xiaohong W. U., Peibo S. U., Huiling Liu and Lili Q. I., Photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B under visible light with Nd-doped titanium dioxide films, J. Rare Earths, 27(5), 739–743 (2009) @No $ @ @ Hosseinnia Azarmidokht, Keyanpour-Rad Mansoor and Pazouki Mohammad, Photo-catalytic degradation of organic dyes with different chromophores by synthesized nanosize TiO2,WASJ, 8 (11), 1327-1332 (2010) @No $ @ @ Ji S. M., Borse P. H., Kim H. G., Hwang D. W., Jang J. S., Bae S. W. and Lee J. S., photocatalytic hydrogen production from water-methanol mixtures using N-doped Sr2Nb2O7 under visible light irradiation  Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 7(6), 1315-21 (2005) @No $ @ @ Yinchun Yang, Liping He ,  Chenghua Xu , Zhixing Ye and Shengyu Liu, 2,4-Dichlorophenol degradation by heterogeneous fenton like reaction using carbon-Fe catalysts, Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, 2009, ICBBE 2009,3rd international conference. @No $ @ @ Shihong Xu, Wenfeng Shangguan, Jian Yuan, Jianwei Shi and Mingxia Chen, Preparations and photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange in water on magnetically separable Bi12TiO20 supported on nickel ferrit, Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater.,8(1-2), 840 (2007) @No $ @ @ Khant Ankur, Gandhi Neelam, Sharma Vijaya and Khandelwal R.C., Photocatalytic degradation of azure B using Ni as photocatalyst,  Bull. Catal. Soc. India, , 51-55   (2010) @No $ @ @ Wang Y.W. and KU Y., Effect of solution pH on the adsorption and photocatalytic reaction behaviors of dyes using TiO and Nafion-coated TiO2,Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 302, 261 (2007) @No $ @ @ He, Yi, Titanium Dioxide-Mediated Photocatalytic Degradation of Humic Acid under natural sunlight, Water Environ. Res.,  85(1), 3-12 (2013) @No $ @ @ Gupta L.S., Sreenivas V. and Singh K. Mani, Dielectric properties of sol-gel derived barium strontium titanate (Ba0.4Sr0.6 TiO3)thin film, IEEE exp. Dig. Lib., 47, (2000) @No $ @ @ Sahoo Chittaranjan , Gupta Ashok K , Pillai Indu M Sasidharan, Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution using silver ion-doped TiOand its application to the degradation of real textile wastewater, J. Environ. Sci.Health A: Toxic/Hazard. Sub.Environ. 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<#LINE#>Utilization of Wheat Husk Ash as Silica Source for the Synthesis of MCM-41 Type Mesoporous Silicates: A Sustainable Approach towards Valorization of the Agricultural Waste Stream<#LINE#>IsakRajjak@Shaikh,AlamgirAbdulla@Shaikh<#LINE#>66-72<#LINE#>10.ISCA-RJCS-2013-162.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, Shri Jagdishprasad Jhabarmal Tibrewala University (JJTU), Vidyanagari, Jhunjhunu-Churu Road, Chudela – 333 001, Jhunjhunu district, Rajasthan State, INDIA @ Department of Chemistry, Poona College of Arts, Science & Commerce, Camp area, Pune – 411 001, Maharashtra, INDIA<#LINE#>4/11/2013<#LINE#>11/11/2013<#LINE#>After acid pre-treatment, the product extracted from the wheat husk ash is utilized as a silica source for the preparation of mesoporous siliceous material(s). The MCM-41 type samples using CTAB as template were synthesized using commercially available silica and wheat husk ash silica at room temperature. The materials were characterized by XRD, SEM, etc. to prove crystallinity, siliceous framework, overall material morphology, etc. A comparison is also made between the characteristics of (i) MCM-41 synthesized from the commercially available silica source; (ii). MCM-41 synthesized using wheat husk ash as silica source, and (iii). the MCM-41 reported earlier. This methodology opens up new methodology for the utilization of renewable sources and also for the concepts of ‘valorization of agricultural waste stream’ and the ‘silicon elemental sustainability.’ The crystalline siliceous mesoporous MCM type silica presents an interesting potential for their applications in adsorption, ion-exchange and shape-selective catalysis. <#LINE#> @ @ Our Common Future: Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development, United Nations (UN) Commission on Environment and Development (Brundtland Commission), Published as Annex to General Assembly document A/42/427, Development and International Co-operation: Environment August 2, 1987, Could be retrieved from UN web (1987) @No $ @ @ Anastas P., Tundo P, Green Chemistry: Challenging Perspectives, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. 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Rev., 97, 2373–2420 (1997) @No $ @ @ Bronzeoak: Rice Husk Ash Market Study, DTI, London, 62 (2003) @No $ @ @ Omatola K.M. and Onojah A.D., Rice husk as a potential source of high technological raw materials: A review, Journal of Physical Sciences and Innovation, , 30-35 (2012) @No $ @ @ Dodson J.R., Hunt A.J., Matharu A.S., Budarin V.L. and Clark J.H., The chemical value of wheat straw combustion residues, RSC Adv., 523–530 (2011) @No $ @ @ Beck J.S., Vartuli J.C., Roth W.J., Leonowicz M.E., Kresge C.T., Schmitt K.D., Chu C.T.W., Olson D.H., Sheppard E.W., McCullen S.B., Higgins J.B. and Schlenker J.L., A new family of mesoporous molecular sieves prepared with liquid crystal templates,J. Am. Chem. 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<#LINE#>Graft Copolymerization of Binary Monomer Mixtures onto Silk Fibre<#LINE#>RajeevKr.@Sharma,Sunil@Kumar<#LINE#>73-81<#LINE#>11.ISCA-RJCS-2013-163.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, DAV College, Jalandhar, Punjab, INDIA @ DIET, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, INDIA<#LINE#>4/11/2013<#LINE#>14/11/2013<#LINE#>In order to improve properties of Mulberry silk fibre, we have grafted binary monomer mixtures of butyl acrylate (BA) and ethyl acrylate (EA) with methyl methacrylate (MMA) in aqueous medium by using ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as redox initiator. The binary vinyl monomers were grafted at optimum grafting conditions as reported earlier for MMA alone onto the same backbone. Graft copolymers are characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Thermo-gravimetric analysis and Scanning electron microscopy studies. Moisture absorbance and chemical resistance properties of graft copolymers were studied in acidic and alkaline medium as a function of percent grafting. <#LINE#> @ @ Ghosh Pranab, Das Tapan and Das Moumita, Evaluation of Poly (acrylates) and their copolymer as viscosity modifiers, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(3), 18 (2011) @No $ @ @ Deepshikha and Basu T., The Role of Structure Directing Agents on Chemical Switching Properties of nanostructured conducting polyaniline (NSPANI), Res.J.Chem.Sci., 1(6), 20-29 (2011) @No $ @ @ Manimaran N., Rajendran S, Manivannan M and John Mary S, Corrosion inhibition of carbon steel by polyacrylamide, Res.J.Chem.Sci., 2(3), 52-57 (2012) @No $ @ @ Kaur I., Barsola R., Gupta A. and Misra B. N., Graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile onto gelatin by mutual irradiation method, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 54, 1131-1139 (1994) @No $ @ @ Kubota G. and Ujita S., Reactivity of glycidyl-methacrylate-grafted cellulose prepared by means of photografting, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 56, 25-31 (1995) @No $ @ @ Chauhan G. S., Misra B. N., Kaur I., Singha A. S. and Kaith, B. S., Modification of Natural Polymers: Part I – Ceric ion initiated graft co-polymerization of methylmthacrylate onto Cannabis  fibre, Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research,24, 269-275 (1999) @No $ @ @ Chauhan G. S., Bhatt, S. S., Kaur I., Singha A. S. and Kaith B. S., A stuy in the evaluation of grafting parameters, swelling and thermal behaviour of Rayon and its methylmethacryalate graft co-polymer initiated by ceric ions, J. Polym. Mater., 17, 363-370 (2000) @No $ @ @ Bajpai M., Bajpai S. K. and Gupta P., Development of cotton fabric with antibacterial properties: Part I: Preparation of poly(acrylamide-co-itaconic acid) grafted cotton fabric and its water uptake analysis,J. Macromol. Part A: Pure & Appl. Chem., 45, 179-185 (2008) @No $ @ @ Chauhan G. S., Bhatt S. S., Kaur I., Singha A. S. and Kaith B. S., Evaluation of optimum grafting parameters and the effect of ceric ion initiated grafting of methyl methacrylate on to jute fibre on the kinetics of thermal degradation and swelling behaviour, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 69, 261-265 (2000) @No $ @ @ Ferrero F., Periolatto M. and Songia M. B., Silk grafting with methacrylic and epoxy monomers: Thermal process in comparison with ultraviolet curing, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 110, 1019-1027 (2008) @No $ @ @ Li W., Qiao, X., Sun K. and Chen. X., Mechanical and viscoelastic properties of novel silk fibroin fibre/poly(caprolactone) biocomposites, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 110, 134-139 (2008) @No $ @ @ Li W., Zou L., Zhou X., Zhang B., Wang X. and Chen D., Surface dyeability of cotton and nylon fabrics coated with a novel porous silk fibroin/silica nanohybrid, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 106, 1670-1676 (2007) @No $ @ @ Prachayawarakorn J. and Boonsawat K., Physical, chemical, and dyeing properties of Bombyx mori silks grafted by 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 106, 1526-1534 (2007) @No $ @ @ Panda G., Pati N. C. and Nayak P. L., Grafting vinyl monomers onto silk fibres. VIII. Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto silk using tetravalent manganese-oxalic acid redox system, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 25, 1479-1489 (1980) @No $ @ @ Gulrajani M. L., Gupta D., Periyasamy S. and Muthu S. G., Preparation and application of silver nanoparticles on silk for imparting antimicrobial properties, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 108, 614-623 (2008) @No $ @ @ Kaith B. S., Singha A. S. and Kumar S., Modification of mulberry silk through graft co-polymerization with methyl methacreylate and evaluation of swelling behaviour, moisture absorbance, wettability, chemical resistance and dyeing characteristics, Int. J. Chem. Sci., , 45-54 (2006) @No $ @ @ Kalia S. Kumar S. and Kaith B. S., Effect of microwave radiations induced grafting on crystalline structure of flax cellulose, Malaysian Polym., J. , 46-51 (2009) @No $ @ @ Banyal S., Kaith B. S. and Sharma R. K., Grafting of binary mixtures of methyl methacrylate and some vinyl monomers onto mulberry silk fibre: Synthesis, characterization and preliminary investigations into gentian violet uptake by graft copolymers, Adv. Appl. Sci. Res, , 193-207 (2011) @No $ @ @ Peng Q., Xu Q., Sun D. and Shao Z., Grafting of methyl methacrylate onto Antheraea pernyi silk fibre with the assistance of supercritical CO2,J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 100, 1299-1305 (2006) @No $ @ @ Das A. and Saikia C. N., Grafting vinyl monomers onto silk fibres: Graft copolymerization of methyl-methacrylate (MMA) onto – Antheraea assama silk fibre, Ind. J. Chem. Tech.,  , 41-45 (2002) @No $ @ @ Das A., Saikia C. N. and Hussain S., Grafting of methyl methacrylate (MMA) onto Antheraea assama silk fibre, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 81, 2633-2641 (2001) @No $ @ @ Munmaya, M. K., Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) onto silk using potassium peroxydiphosphate-cysteine (PP-Cys) redox system, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 27, 2403-2408 (2003) @No $ @ @ Shashadhar S., Gangadhar S. and Padma N. L., Grafting Vinyl Monomers onto Silk Fibres: Graft Copolymerization of Vinyl Monomers onto Silk Using the Vanadyl Acetylacetonate Complex, J Macromol Sci, Part A: Pure & Appl. Chem.,21, 725-738 (1984) @No $ @ @ Kaith B. S., Singha A. S. and Kumar S., Chemically induced graft co-polymerization of Mulberry Silk with Methyl methacrylate and evaluation of swelling behaviour, moisture absorbance and wettability characteristics”, Proceedings of International Conference on Emerging Technology [ICET-2003], Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, December 19-21,  132-133 (2003) @No $ @ @ Chauhan G. S., Guleria L. and Sharma R., Synthesis, characterization and metal ion sorption studies of graft copolymers of cellulose with glycidyl methacrylate and some comonomers,  Cellulose., 12, 97-110 (2005) @No $ @ @ Banyal S., Kaith B. S. and Sharma R. K., Grafting of binary mixtures of methyl methacrylate and some vinyl monomers onto mulberry silk fibre: Synthesis, characterization and preliminary investigations into gentian violet uptake by graft copolymers, Adv. Appl. Sci. Res., , 193-207 (2011) @No
<#LINE#>Corrosion Inhibition of Zinc by a New Inhibitor in Hydrochloric Acid Medium<#LINE#>Sachin@H.P.,Praveen@B.M.,AbdHamid@S.B.<#LINE#>82-89<#LINE#>12.ISCA-RJCS-2013-164.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga-577204, Karnataka, INDIA @ Department of Chemistry, Srinivasa School of Engineering, Mukka, Mangalore, Karnataka, INDIA @ Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre [NANOCAT], IPS Building, Universiti Malaya, 53100, Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA<#LINE#>6/11/2013<#LINE#>13/11/2013<#LINE#>Electrochemical reduction of nitrobenzotriazole was carried out on lead cathode in acidic ethanol medium. The catholyte containing the reduced compound was used as corrosion inhibitor for zinc in hydrochloric acid medium. The inhibition efficiency of the catholyte was studied by weight loss and potentiodynamic polarization methods. The optimum amount of catholyte required for maximum corrosion inhibition was established. The wieght loss of zinc was decreased with increase in the concentration of inhibitor. The OCP of zinc shifted towards more cathodic direction indicating the increase of hydrogen over voltage and decrease of metal dissolution. The protection efficiency was increased with increase in inhibitor concentration and also with time indicating the progressive adsorption of reduced compounds of the catholyte. The mechanism of adsorption follows Temkins adsorption isotherm. The SEM images of zinc and corroded zinc surfaces showed the effectiveness of the catholyte in hindering the corrosion process.<#LINE#> @ @ Hinton B.R.W. and Wilson L., The corrosion inhibition of zinc with cerous chloride, Corrosion Science, vol. 29(8),967–975 (1989) @No $ @ @ Rajappa S.K., Venkatesha T.V.  and Praveen B.M., Chemical treatment of zinc surface and its corrosion inhibition studies, Bulletin of Material Science, 31(1), 37–41 (2008) @No $ @ @ Abdel-All M.S., Ahmed Z.A. and Hassan M.S., Inhibiting and accelerating effects of some quinolines on the corrosion of zinc and some binary zinc alloys in HCl solution, Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 22(11),1104–1109 (1992) @No $ @ @ Vashi R.T. and Champaneri V. A., Nitro anilines as corrosion inhibitors for zinc in sulfamic acid, Bulletin of Electrochemistry, 13(8-9), 353–357 (1997) @No $ @ @ Du T., Chen J. and Cao D., N, N-Dipropynoxy methyl amine trimethyl phosphonate as corrosion inhibitor for iron in sulfuric acid, Journal of Materials Science,  (36), 3903–3907 (2001) @No $ @ @ Stupnisek-Lisac E., Podbrscek S. and. Soric T., “Non-toxic organic zinc corrosion inhibitors in hydrochloric acid,” Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, (24), 779–784  (1994) @No $ @ @ Wippermann K., Schaltze J.W., Kessel R., and Penninger T. The inhibition of zinc corrosion bybisaminotriazole and other triazole derivatives, Corrosion Science, (32), 205–223 (1991) @No $ @ @ James A.O. and Akaranta O., Inhibition of Zinc in Hydrochloric acid solution by Red Onion Skin Acetone extract, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(1), 31-37 (2011) @No $ @ @ Vasudha V.G. and Shanmuga Priya K., Polyalthia Longifolia as a Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in HCl   Solution, Res. J. Chem. Sci.,3(1),21-26(2013) @No $ @ @ Bhajiwala H.M. and Vashi R.T., Ethanolamine, diethanolamine and triethanolamine as corrosion inhibitors for zinc in binary acid mixture [HNO+HPO], Bulletin of Electrochemistry, 17(10), 441–448 (2001) @No $ @ @ Muller B. and Forster I., Inhibition of zinc pigments in aqueous alkaline media by aromatic hydroxy compounds, Corrosion Science,  52(10), 786–789 (1996) @No $ @ @ Fiaud C., Bensarsa S., Des Aulnois I. D., et al., Inhibiting properties of phosphines against zinc corrosion in acidic media, British Corrosion Journal, (22),109–114 (1987) @No $ @ @ Prabhu R.A., Venkatesha T.V. and Praveen B.M., Electrochemical Study of the Corrosion Behavior of Zinc Surface Treated with a New Organic Chelating Inhibitor, ISRN Metallurgy Volume 2012, Article ID 940107, 6 pages doi:10.5402/2012/940107 @No $ @ @ Ihara M., Nishihara H. and Aramaki K., Mechanism of corrosion inhibition with bismuth compounds for iron, nickel and zinc in acid solutions,  Denki Kagaku,(60),500– 507 (1992) @No $ @ @ Muller B. and Imblo G., Heterocycles as corrosion inhibitors for zinc pigments in aqueous alkaline media, Corrosion Science, (38), 293–300 (1996) @No $ @ @ Morris R.T. and Boyd R. N, Organic Chemistry, Pretice-Hall of India Pvt, (1973) @No
<#LINE#>Characterization of Sand Fractionated from Bijoypur Soil, Bangladesh and its Application as an Adsorbent<#LINE#>Y.@Zaker,M.A.@Hossain,Ali@M.,M.S.@Islam,T.S.A.@Islam<#LINE#>90-94<#LINE#>13.ISCA-RJCS-2013-168.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, BANGLADESH <#LINE#>19/9/2013<#LINE#>25/10/2013<#LINE#>Sand was obtained from the fractionation of Bijoypur soil of Bangladesh. Different advanced techniques such as SEM (Scanning electron microscope), LIBS (Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy), FT-IR (Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy), XRD (X-ray diffraction) were used to characterize the physical and chemical nature of sand. The adsorptive property of sand toward methylene blue (MB) was also investigated in batch process. The SEM micrographs in different magnifications show that the surface of sand is heterogeneous in nature and the particle’s sizes are almost uniform (particle size 140 µm).  LIBS analysis confirmed the presence of Fe, Si, Ti, Cu, F, I, Tc, Ni, Pu and Na in sand. Sand fraction thus obtained was mainly quartz, which was supported by XRD analysis. FT-IR spectral analysis showed the presence of Si-O bond in sand. The adsorptive property of sand toward MB showed that about 24% ( 0.28 mg/g) of MB adsorbed on sand within 90 min. of contact time at neutral pH of solution and ambient temperature.<#LINE#> @ @ Day P.R., Particle formation and particle size analysis, In: Methods of Soil Analysis, (eds. CA Black, DD Evans, JL White, LE Ensminger and FE Clark), Agronomy Monograph, Part I,545-567 (1965) @No $ @ @ Gee G.W. and Bauder J.W., Particle-size Analysis, In: A. Klute (Editor), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part I, 2nd ed, Agronomy, 9, 383-399 (1986) @No $ @ @ Schmidt M.W.I., Rumpel C. and Kogel-Knabner I., Particle size fractionation of soil containing coal and combustion particles, European J. Soil Sci.,50, 515-522 (1999) @No $ @ @ Moss A.J. and Green P., Sand and silt grains: Predetermination of their formation and properties by microfractures in quartz, Australian J. Earth Sci.,22 (4),485–495 (1975) @No $ @ @ Scott S. Ocean Watch; Seaweed also plays a role in the formation of sand,Star-Bulletin, Honolulu(www.starbulletin.com) (2002) @No $ @ @ Hamilton J., Inskeep S., Higgins S., Campbell T., Finkl T., Andrews J. and Bresee P., Importing Sand, Glass May Help Restore Beaches, National Public Radio, U.S.A. (Morning edition, 6.00 AM) (2007) @No $ @ @ Micklethwait J. (editor in chief),The hourglass effect. The economist, http://www.economist.com/world / asia / displaystory.cfm Story_id=14588255, (2009) @No $ @ @ Simplot S.R. Silica sand MSDS. J.R., Simplot Company, http://www.simplot.com /industrial/silica/silica_msds.cfm , (2011) @No $ @ @ Miran M.S., Mollah M.Y.A., Hussain A. and Rahman M.M., A multi-technique characterization of Bijoypur clay, Bangladesh J. Sci. Res.,21(1,2), 15-22 (2008) @No $ @ @ Zaker Y., Islam M.S., Hossain M.A. and Islam T.S.A., Physico-Chemical Characterization of Clay Fractionated from Bijoypur Soil, Bangladesh J. Agri. Env. (in press for June) (2013) @No $ @ @ Zaker Y., Islam M.S., Hossain M.A. and Islam T.S.A., Physico-Chemical Characterization of Silt Fractionated from Bijoypur Soil, J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, (in press for june) (2013) @No $ @ @ Gurses A., Dogar C., Yalcin M., Akyildiz M., Bayrak R. and Karaca S., The Adsorption Kinetics of the Cationic Dye, MB, Onto Clay, J. Hazardous Materials, B131, 217-228 (2006) @No $ @ @ Zaker Y., Hossain M.A. and Islam T.S.A., Adsorption Kinetics of Methylene Blue on Clay fractionated from Bijoypur Soil, Bangladesh, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 2(2), 65-72 (2013) @No $ @ @ Zaker Y., Hossain M.A. and Islam T.S.A., Effect of Various Factors for Adsorption of Methylene Blue on Silt-Water Interface, Int. Res. J. Environmen. Sci., 2(5), (2013) @No $ @ @ NIST Atomic Spectra Database. http://physics.nist_gov/physrefdata/ASD/lines_form.html. (2010) @No $ @ @ Xu Y. and Axe L., Synthesis and Characterization of Iron Oxide-Coated Silica and Its Effect on Metal Adsorption, J. Colloid and Interface Sci.282(1), 11-19 (2005) @No $ @ @ Ozcan A.S. and Ozcan A., Adsorption of Acid Dyes from Aqueous Solutions onto Acid-Activated Bentonite, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 276, 39-46 (2004) @No $ @ @ Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Framework-Type Determination for Zeolite Structures in the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data,39, 033-102  (2010) @No
@Short Communication
<#LINE#>Iron Contents in Ground Water of Maihar Region, Satna, India<#LINE#>I.P.@Tripathi,S.N.@Mishra,Shailesh@Pandey,ArvindPrasad@Dwivedi<#LINE#>95-97<#LINE#>14.ISCA-RJCS-2013-154.pdf<#LINE#>Dept. of Physical Sci., Faculty of Sci. and Enviro., Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gromodaya Vishwavidyalaya, Chitrakoot, Satna, MP, INDIA @ Atal Bhari Bajpei Hindi University, Bhopal, MP, INDIA<#LINE#>9/9/2013<#LINE#>31/10/2013<#LINE#>Historically, Maihar is an important place in the Central India. Millions of people from all over the country visit for Darshan of Goddess Sharda-Mata. This town is also an important place with well developed cement industries and a number of lime companies. In the present work we have carried out estimation of Iron contents of water samples collected from different parts of Maihar region. The concentration of Iron in water from hand pumps, bore wells and river water ranges between 0.01 to 1.0 mg/l. Water samples of hand pumps of Itchol School, Tighara, Palahpur, Geetnagar, Bhatanbara and bore well no.-3 having the higher concentration of Iron than the WHO permissible limit.<#LINE#> @ @ Shivakumar K.K. and M.S. Dheenadanyalan, Distribution of heavy metals profile in water and soil system at Amaravati river basin of Karur, Tamilnadu, IJEP, 32(2), 152-157 (2012) @No $ @ @ Moore C.V., Good R. S.  and Shiles M. E., Modern nutrition in   health and disease, Lea & Febiger,  Philadelphia,  297 (1973) @No $ @ @ Robinson Corinne H. and Lawler Marllyn R., Normal and therapeutic   nutrition, Macmillan Publishing Co. New York, 15th ed., 113, (1977) @No $ @ @ Swaminathan M., Essential of Food and Nutrition, 1, 3rded, 570, (1985) @No $ @ @ WHO, Hand book of nutritional requirements, Monograph Series, 61, Geneva, 54, (1974) @No $ @ @ Park J.E., Preventive and social medicine, 2nd ed., 401, (1986) @No $ @ @ Ramdas Murthy V., National Institute of Nutrition, Nutrition Hyderabad Oct-11, (1981) @No $ @ @ Antia F.P., Clinical dietetics and nutrition, Oxford University Press, Bombay, 3rd ed,102, (1989) @No $ @ @ Watt B.K. and Merrill A.L., Agriculture handbook Vol.-8, Washington D. C. Revised USDA, (1963) @No $ @ @ Bhaskharan C. and Vinodini R., Brit. Med. J., 3522, (1975) @No $ @ @ Stein M., Western Journal of Medicine, 125, 189, (1976) @No $ @ @ Davidson,  Passmore R. and Eastwood M. A., Human nutrition and dietetics, 8th ed., 115, (1986) @No $ @ @ WHO, Guidelines for drinking water quality, , 272, (1984) @No $ @ @ Kaul S.N.,  Nandy T., Bal A. S. and Gupta A., J. of Indian Association, April- June, 209, (1990) @No $ @ @ Kulkarni D. N. and Hasan M. Z., Indian Water Works Association, April- June, 209, (1990) @No $ @ @ Senthilnathan  T., K.B. Parvathavarthini and Santhi M. Geoge, Evaluation of water quality assessment in an Industrial aera, IJEP,32 (5) 405-408 (20012) @No $ @ @ Hussain M.Z., Pandfey S.P., Pathak B. N., Bulusu K. B., studies of trace elements at various stages of municipal  water treatment plants in Nagpur, Project,1428, (1981) @No $ @ @ Sengupta, B. Laskar S. Das A. K. and Das J., Indian J. Env. Hlth.,30,  202 (1988) @No $ @ @ Kataria, H. C., Gupta M. K. and Manisha, Trace element detection in Parbati river water at Sehore and   Narsingharh area of M.P., IJEP, 32 (5) 433-436 (2012) @No $ @ @ Viet Nguyen Trung and Bhargava D. S., Indian J. Env. Hlth.,31, 321 (1989) @No $ @ @ Magerde Vandana, Iqwal, S. A. and Pani Subrata, Assessment of water quality of upper lake of Bhopal, Journal of IAEM, 36(3) 178-182, (2009) @No $ @ @ Tale S. S. and Bhosle A. B., Evaluation of Iron and Mangnese ion levels from Manar dam of barul, Maharastra, IJEP,  30, (3)110-114, (2010) @No $ @ @ Phirke P. M., Balasubramanayan R. and Verma S. R., Indian J. Env. Hlth.,11,  323 (1969) @No $ @ @ Pandey S. P., and Hasan M. Z., Indian J. Env., 63, 3, (1983) @No $ @ @ Kumari, Sunita and Jha Arvind Kumar, Assesment of drinking water quality in and around Patna Town, Journal of Pollution Research,28 (3) 507-509 (2009) @No $ @ @ Pandey K. B., Shrivastava Kiranlata, J. Indian water works Association, 361, (1992) @No $ @ @ Sharma D. K., Jangir J. P. Chandel C. P. S. and Gupta C. M., Indian Water Works Association, July- Sept., 257, (1988) @No $ @ @ Sabhapandit, Pranav and Mishra, Abanikr, Physicochemical characteristics of ground and surface water Gopur sub Division of Sonitpur District, Assam, India, J. Environ. Science. and Engg.,53(1) 81-84 (2011) @No
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Thermodynamic Characteristics of Solvents: A Review<#LINE#>Shafique@Mohd,Hussain@Sayyed,Asif@Sayyed,Vidya@Pradhan,Farooqui@Mazahar<#LINE#>98-104<#LINE#>15.ISCA-RJCS-2012-025.pdf<#LINE#>Milind Science College, Aurangabad, MS, INDIA Sir Sayyed College, Aurangabad, MS, INDIA @ Post Graduate and Research Center, Maulana Azad College Aurangabad, MS, INDIA @ Dr Rafiq Zakaria College for Women, Aurangabad, MS, INDIA<#LINE#>17/2/2012<#LINE#>22/8/2012<#LINE#>In this review article some theories related with thermodynamic properties of solvents, and solvent mixtures are discussed.<#LINE#> @ @ Reichardt C., Solvents and Solvent efforts in Organic Chemistry, 3rd Ed. Wiley-VCH-(2003) @No $ @ @ Marcus Y., The Properties of Solvents, chichester, U.K. Wiley (1998) @No $ @ @ Catalan J., Diaz C. and Garcia-Blanco C., J. Org. Chem. 65, 96 (2000) @No $ @ @ Aminabhavi T.M. and Balundgi R.H., Thermodynamics of polymers in mixed solvent systems, J. Sci. Ind. Res. 46, 135-144 (1987) @No $ @ @ Treszczanowicz A.J. and Benson G.C., Fluid Phase Equlibria, , 117 (1985) @No $ @ @ Henitz A. and Bunsenges Ben., J.Phy. Chem., 98, 17(1985) @No $ @ @ Funkem H., Wetzel M. and Heintz A., J.Pure and Appl.Chem., 61, 149 (1989) @No $ @ @ Nakahara M., Waki C., Yoshimoto Y. and Matsubayashi N., J. Phys. Chem., 100, 1345 (1996) @No $ @ @ Ueno M., Tsuchihashi N., Yoshida K. and Ibuki K., J. Chem. Phys, 105, 366 (1996) @No $ @ @ Gorbaty Y.E. and Demianets Y.N., Mol. Phys., 55, 571 (1985) @No $ @ @ Iqbal M., Asghar Jamal M., Ahmed Maqsood and Ahmed Bashir, Can. J. Chem, 1076 (1994) @No $ @ @ Nishikawa K., Kodera Y. and Iijima T., J. Phys. Chem, 91, 3694 (1987) @No $ @ @ Kashyap Hemant and Biswas Ranjit, J.Chem.Soc., 119(5), 391-399 (2007) @No $ @ @ Chandra A. and Bagchi B., J.Chem.Phy., 94, 8367 (1991) @No $ @ @ Morillo M., Denk C., Burgos F.S. and Sanchez A., J. Chem. Phys., 70, 946 (2000) @No $ @ @ Adeyinka N., Williams and Gordon L., Amidon Pharmaceutical Research, 5(3), 193-195 (1988) @No $ @ @ Williams N.A. and Amidon G.L., J. Pharm. Sci. 73, 10-13 (1984) @No $ @ @ Franks F. and Desnoyers J.E., Water Sci. Rev., 1, 171 (1985) @No $ @ @ Masao Sakurai, Kunio Nakamuru and Katsutoshi Nitta, Bull Chem, Soc, Jpn, 67, 80-87 (1994) @No $ @ @ Brandani V. and Evangelista V., Fluid Phase Equilibria, 17, 81 (1984) @No $ @ @ Treszezanowicz A.J. and Benson G.C., Fluid Phase Equilibria, 3, 117, (1985) @No $ @ @ Maken Sanjeev, Gupta Vibha, Karla K.C. and Singh K.C., Ind. J. Chem., 38A, 19-9, (1999) @No $ @ @ 3.Gandi Chandraskhar, Pannuru Venkatesu and Murari Venkata Prabhakara Rao, J.Chem. Eng. Data, 45, 590-593 (2000) @No $ @ @ Shah J., Vakharia M.N., Pandya M.V., Talele G.D., Pathak K.G., Palsanawala P.P. and Oswal S.L., Ind. J. of Technology, , 383-388 (1988) @No $ @ @ Ramesh C. Sharma and Rakesh K. Jain, J. Ind. Chem. Soc. , 1079-1086 (2005) @No $ @ @ Lawrence K.G., Sacco A., Giglio A.D. and A.D. Dell, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans., , 85, 3, (1989) @No $ @ @ Parmar M.L. and Chauhan M.K., Indian J. Chem. Sect. A., 34, 434 (1995) @No $ @ @ Mithlesh and Mukhtar Singh, J.Indian Chem. Soc., 83, 803- 81, (2006) @No $ @ @ Tripathi K.D., Essentials of Medical Pharmacology, th ed., Jaypee Brothers Medical Pub (P) Ltd, New Delhi, (1999) @No $ @ @ Nikam P.S., Miss Jadhav M.C. and Mehdi Hasan, J Chem Eng Data, 41, 108, (1996) @No $ @ @ Nikam P.S., Mahale T.R. and Mehdi Hasan, J.Chem. Eng. Data, 41, 1055 (1996) @No $ @ @ Sayal V.K., Chavan S. and Sharma Poonam, J. Indian Chem, Soc; , 60-607,(2005) @No $ @ @ Tanford C., Hydrophobic effect, formation of micelles and biological membranes, ed. Wiley Interscience, New York. (1980) @No $ @ @ Vikingstad E., Aggregation process in solutions. Edited by E., Wyn-Jones and J. Gormally, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 100- 117, (1983) @No $ @ @ Queimada A.J., Marrucha I.M., Countinho J.A.P. and Stenby E.H., Int. J. Thermophys, , 47, (2005) @No $ @ @ Ali A., Abida A.K. Nain and Hyder S., J. sol. Chem. 3, 865, (2003) @No $ @ @ Wankhede N.N., Lande M.K. and Arbad B.R., J. Chem. Eng. Data., 50, 969, (2005) @No $ @ @ Young S. T., Phil. Mang, , (1988) @No $ @ @ Iqball M. and Verral R.E., Can. J. Chem., 67, 77 (1989) @No $ @ @ Tarlok S. Banipal, Bhatia Ashwani, Parampaul K. Banipal, Singh Gagandeep and Kaur Damanjit, J. Ind. Chem. Soc, 81, 16-1, (2004) @No $ @ @ Ramkrishna Pramanik and Sanjib Bagchi, J. Indian Chem.Soc., 80, 5- 9, (2003) @No